CN110972863A - Method for breeding sweet potato seedlings for vegetables in winter greenhouse - Google Patents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for breeding vegetable sweet potato seedlings in a greenhouse in winter. The invention discloses a method for breeding vegetable sweet potato seedlings in a greenhouse in winter, which comprises the following steps: when the open temperature reaches 12-16 ℃, the relative humidity of the soil reaches 60-70% and the relative humidity of the air reaches 70-80%, sowing the sweet potato root tuber into the soil of the greenhouse, and performing watering management; covering a mulching film on the soil after 15-22 days, building a small arched shed on the mulching film, and covering an arched shed film on the small arched shed; after 5-12 days, a suspended hanging film is built under the greenhouse, and a greenhouse film is covered on the greenhouse; and after 110 days of treatment for 100 times, removing the mulching film and the arched shed film, and watering and managing to obtain the seedlings of the vegetable sweet potatoes. The method is beneficial to breeding strong seedlings, can promote the early sale of the vegetable sweet potatoes and improve the economic benefit, and the early spring sweet potato tips produced by the method have strong growth potential and higher unit yield than the overwintering yield of the sweet potato vines.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to a plant planting method, and particularly relates to a method for breeding vegetable sweet potato seedlings in a greenhouse in winter.
Background
The vegetable sweet potato is a special type sweet potato variety for vegetables with the tender tip or the petiole of the sweet potato as an edible part. Compared with other vegetables, the vegetable sweet potatoes are rich in antioxidants, have strong health-care effect, have strong biological and non-biological stress resistance, are ecological and environment-friendly when being planted, and are deeply loved by consumers. Since the vegetable sweet potatoes have high production value, the planting production area is enlarged year by year. In Wuhan Hubei, the harvesting period of the potato tips of the vegetable sweet potatoes can be prolonged from the last ten days of 4 months to the last ten days of 10 months, the yield per mu of the potato tips in the harvesting period can exceed 5 tons, not only are products of the potato tips with rich nutrition provided for consumers, but also local economic development is greatly promoted, and the social benefit is remarkable.
The vegetable sweet potatoes are fond of warm climate, and are resistant to high temperature, moisture and alkali; the requirement on soil is low, and the soil is sandy, fertile and convenient to irrigate and drain; sufficient light is required during the growth period. However, because the seedling is not low-temperature resistant, in order to ensure the market supply in early spring, the conventional method is to preserve the seeds of the old seedlings in the greenhouse in winter over winter, and after the old seedlings in spring are restored and the newly grown branches have 7 to 8 leaves, the seedlings are cut and transplanted to promote the early seedling development in early spring so as to obtain higher market value. However, as the year of planting increases, various problems occur in conventional winter potato seedlings, such as: the vitality of the potato seedlings is low, and the seedling is slow to be released in the beginning of spring; in winter, the protection measures are not in place, and the dead seedlings are serious; the growth potential of the potato seedlings is weak; the mouthfeel is poor; poor resistance and the like.
Therefore, there is a need to provide a new method for breeding seedlings of sweet potatoes for vegetables to solve the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for breeding vegetable sweet potato seedlings in a greenhouse in winter, which promotes the vegetable sweet potatoes to appear on the market early and improves the economic benefit.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention firstly provides a method for breeding vegetable sweet potato seedlings.
The invention relates to a method for breeding vegetable sweet potato seedlings, which comprises the following steps:
1) when the open temperature reaches 12-16 ℃, the relative humidity of the soil reaches 60-70% and the relative humidity of the air reaches 70-80%, sowing the sweet potato tuber roots into the soil of the greenhouse which is not covered by the greenhouse film, and watering management;
2) after 15-22 days of sowing, covering a mulching film on the soil, building a small arched shed on the mulching film, and covering an arched shed film on the small arched shed;
3) covering an arched greenhouse film on the small arched greenhouse for 5-12 days, then building a suspended hanging film under the greenhouse, and covering a greenhouse film on the greenhouse;
4) and (3) covering the greenhouse with a greenhouse film for 110 days, removing the mulching film and the arched greenhouse film, and watering and managing to obtain the seedlings of the vegetable sweet potatoes.
In the method, the method also comprises the step of harvesting tender tips or leafstalks of the sweet potatoes for vegetables 30-40 days after the mulching film and the arched shed film are removed.
In the method, the small arched greenhouse is covered with the arched greenhouse film until the temperature of the small arched greenhouse is 6-12 ℃, the relative humidity of soil is 75-85% and the relative humidity of air is 70-85% during the process of covering the greenhouse film on the greenhouse.
In the method, a greenhouse film is covered on the greenhouse until the temperature of the small arched greenhouse is 15-28 ℃, the relative humidity of soil is 70-80% and the relative humidity of air is 70-85% during the period of removing the mulching film and the arched greenhouse film.
In the method, the span of the small arched shed is 1m, and the height from the highest position to the ground is 0.8 m.
In the method, the height of the suspended hanging film from the ground is 2.5 m; four corners of the suspended hanging film are fixed on four inner corners of the top of the greenhouse to form the suspended hanging film, and the suspended hanging film covers the ground of the whole greenhouse.
In the method, the span of the greenhouse is 5m, and the height from the highest position to the ground is 3 m.
In the method, the sowing amount of the sweet potato root tuber is 10-15kg/m2(ii) a Specifically, the sowing quantity of the sweet potato root tuber is 10kg/m2。
In the method, the watering management is that enough water is watered until the soil is wet.
According to the method, healthy sweet potato tuberous roots are sown in the greenhouse, after a period of time, a method of mulching films, small arched sheds, suspended hanging films and the greenhouse is adopted for the tuberous roots of the sweet potatoes, the germination and the growth of the seedling of the periderm latent adventitious bud primordium of the tuberous roots of the sweet potatoes are promoted, the method is beneficial to breeding strong seedlings, the early sale of the vegetables and the sweet potatoes is promoted, the economic benefit is improved, the early spring sweet potato tips produced by the method are strong in growth potential, and the unit yield is higher than that of the sweet potatoes through overwintering.
Detailed Description
The following examples are given to facilitate a better understanding of the invention, but do not limit the invention. The experimental procedures used in the following examples are all conventional procedures unless otherwise specified. Materials, reagents and the like used in the following examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
Example 1 method for breeding Ipomoea batatas Lam No. 10 seedlings
The following tests were carried out in the summer and Jiang district of Wuhan City of Hubei province in China:
the test adopts a random block design, 2 treatment zones are randomly arranged, and each treatment zone is provided with three repetitions. The 2 treatment areas are respectively sweet potato tuber 10, a plastic film, a small arched shed, a suspended hanging film, a greenhouse treatment area, sweet potato vine 10, a plastic film, a small arched shed, a suspended hanging film and a greenhouse treatment area.
The greenhouse (with a span of 5m and a height of 3m from the highest position to the ground) is divided into 6 cells, and the area of each cell is 4 multiplied by 2m2. And the processing is distributed in a random drawing mode.
The tests of the Ipomoea batatas Lam No. 10 sweet potato root tuber, the mulching film, the small arched shed, the suspended hanging film and the large shed treatment area are as follows:
1. 6 days after 5 months, selecting blocks which are leeward and exposed to the sun and irrigate well to complete the land, and ploughing each 667m2Applying 100kg of compound fertilizer, and ridging after land preparation, wherein the ridge distance is 80cm, and the ridge height is 20 cm. After two days, the No. 10 yam seedlings of the Ejiang yam are planted in the field;
2. harvesting No. 10 tuber roots of the potatoes in 11 months and 15 days, namely when the open temperature reaches 14 ℃, the relative humidity of soil reaches 60 percent and the relative humidity of air reaches 70 percent, applying 1.2kg of compound fertilizer to each cell before sowing, sowing 80 kg of healthy tuber roots (complete tuber pieces) of the sweet potatoes in each test cell, and watering enough water until the soil is wet after sowing;
3. after 12 months and 5 days, watering enough water to moisten the soil, covering a white transparent plastic film (namely a mulching film) tightly close to the ground, and compacting the periphery of the film by using soil; then inserting bamboo blanks at intervals of 1m on each ridge, inserting two ends of each bamboo blank at the left and right sides of each ridge, bending the bamboo blanks into an arch to form a small arched shed (the span is 1m, and the height of the highest position from the ground is 0.8m), building a thick white transparent plastic film (namely a small arched shed film) on the bamboo blanks, and compacting the periphery of the film by using soil;
4. setting up a suspended hanging film under the greenhouse for 12 months and 15 days (four corners of the suspended hanging film are fixed on four inner corners of the top of the greenhouse to form the suspended hanging film, the suspended hanging film covers the ground of the whole greenhouse, and the height of the suspended hanging film is 2.5); finally, a thick white transparent plastic film is built on the steel frame greenhouse, and the steel frame greenhouse is sealed;
during the period from 5 days at 12 months to 15 days at 12 months, the temperature of the small arched shed is 6-12 ℃, the relative humidity of the soil is 75-85%, and the relative humidity of the air is 70-85%;
5. removing the mulching film and the small arched shed film in 1 day 3 months in the next year, and watering in the morning on a sunny day until the soil is wet to promote seedling revival and premature germination to obtain vegetable sweet potato seedlings;
12 months and 15 days to 3 months and 1 day in the next year, the temperature of the small arched shed is 15-28 ℃, the relative humidity of soil is 70-80%, and the relative humidity of air is 70-85%;
6. collecting tender tips or leaf stalks of the vegetable sweet potatoes in 5 days after 4 months, and selling the first batch of vegetable sweet potato seedlings on the market;
7. can be harvested every 10 days before 8 months. The specific results are shown in Table 1.
Secondly, the tests of the Ipomoea batatas 10 sweet potato vine, the mulching film, the small arched shed, the suspended hanging film and the big shed treatment area are as follows:
1.12 months and 5 days, applying 1.2kg of compound fertilizer to each test cell, covering a white transparent plastic film (namely a mulching film) closely to the ground, compacting the periphery of the film by soil, cutting potato seedlings in the ridge, cutting 200 potato seedlings in each test cell, inserting bamboo blanks on each ridge at intervals of 1m, inserting two ends of each bamboo blank at the left and right sides of the ridge, bending the bamboo blank into an arch to form a small arch shed (the span is 1m, and the height of the highest part to the ground is 0.8m), building a thick white transparent plastic film (namely a small arch shed film) on the bamboo blanks, and compacting the periphery of the film by soil;
2.12 months and 15 days, constructing a suspended hanging film under the greenhouse (four corners of the suspended hanging film are fixed on four inner corners of the top of the greenhouse to form the suspended hanging film, the suspended hanging film covers the ground of the whole greenhouse, and the height of the suspended hanging film is 2.5); finally, a thick white transparent plastic film is built on the steel frame greenhouse, and the steel frame greenhouse is sealed;
during the period from 5 days at 12 months to 15 days at 12 months, the temperature of the small arched shed is 6-12 ℃, the relative humidity of the soil is 75-85%, and the relative humidity of the air is 70-85%;
3. in the next 3 months and 1 day, the mulching film and the small arched shed are removed.
12 months and 15 days to 3 months and 1 day in the next year, the temperature of the small arched shed is 15-28 ℃, the relative humidity of soil is 70-80%, and the relative humidity of air is 70-85%;
collecting young tips or leaf stalks of the vegetable sweet potatoes in 15 days after 4.4 months, and selling the young tips or leaf stalks of the vegetable sweet potatoes in the market for the first batch of vegetable sweet potato seedlings;
can be harvested every 15 days before 5.8 months. The specific results are shown in Table 1.
Example 2 Fucaishu 18 method for seedling propagation
The following tests were carried out in the summer and Jiang district of Wuhan City of Hubei province in China:
the test adopts a random block design, 2 treatment zones are randomly arranged, and each treatment zone is provided with three repetitions. The 2 treatment areas are Fucai potato No. 18 sweet potato root tuber, mulching film, small arched shed, suspended hanging film, greenhouse treatment area, Fucai potato No. 18 sweet potato vine, mulching film, small arched shed, suspended hanging film and greenhouse treatment area
The greenhouse (with a span of 5m and a height of 3m from the highest position to the ground) is divided into 6 cells, and the area of each cell is 4 multiplied by 2m2. And the processing is distributed in a random drawing mode.
The test of Fucai potato No. 18 sweet potato root tuber, mulching film, small arched shed, suspended hanging film and large shed treatment area is as follows:
1. and 6, 6 days after 5 months, selecting a leeward and sunny land block with good irrigation for soil preparation, applying 100kg of compound fertilizer every 667m2 during plowing, and ridging after soil preparation, wherein the ridge distance is 80cm, and the ridge height is 20 cm. After two days, cutting Fucai potato No. 18 potato seedlings in the field;
2. harvesting 18-number Fucai potato tuberous roots after 11 months and 15 days, namely when the open temperature reaches 14 ℃, the relative humidity of soil reaches 60 percent and the relative humidity of air reaches 75 percent, applying 1.2kg of compound fertilizer to each test cell before sowing, sowing 80 kg of healthy sweet potato tuberous roots (complete potato pieces) in each test cell, and watering enough water until the soil is wet after sowing is finished;
3. after 12 months and 5 days, watering enough water to moisten the soil, covering a white transparent plastic film (namely a mulching film) tightly close to the ground, and compacting the periphery of the film by using soil; then inserting bamboo blanks at intervals of 1m on each ridge, inserting two ends of each bamboo blank at the left and right sides of each ridge, bending the bamboo blanks into an arch to form a small arched shed (the span is 1m, and the height of the highest position from the ground is 0.8m), building a thick white transparent plastic film (namely a small arched shed film) on the bamboo blanks, and compacting the periphery of the film by using soil;
4. setting up a suspended hanging film under the greenhouse for 12 months and 15 days (four corners of the suspended hanging film are fixed on four inner corners of the top of the greenhouse to form the suspended hanging film, the suspended hanging film covers the ground of the whole greenhouse, and the height of the suspended hanging film is 2.5); finally, a thick white transparent plastic film is built on the steel frame greenhouse, and the steel frame greenhouse is sealed;
during the period from 5 days at 12 months to 15 days at 12 months, the temperature of the small arched shed is 6-12 ℃, the relative humidity of the soil is 75-85%, and the relative humidity of the air is 70-85%;
5. in the next 3 months and 1 day, namely the temperature of the greenhouse reaches 35 ℃, the relative humidity of the soil reaches 50 percent, the relative humidity of the air reaches 50 percent, the mulching film and the small arched greenhouse film are removed, and water is poured in the morning of a sunny day until the soil is moist so as to promote the seedling slow and the early growth, so as to obtain the seedling of the vegetable sweet potato;
12 months and 15 days to 3 months and 1 day in the next year, the temperature of the small arched shed is 15-28 ℃, the relative humidity of soil is 70-80%, and the relative humidity of air is 70-85%;
6. collecting tender tips or leaf stalks of the vegetable sweet potatoes in 5 days after 4 months, and selling the first batch of vegetable sweet potato seedlings on the market;
7. can be harvested every 10 days before 8 months. The specific results are shown in Table 1.
The test of the Fucai potato 18 vine + mulching film + small arched shed + suspended hanging film + big shed treatment area is as follows:
1.12 months and 5 days, applying 1.2kg of compound fertilizer to each test cell, covering a white transparent plastic film (namely a mulching film) closely to the ground, compacting the periphery of the film by soil, cutting potato seedlings in furrows, cutting 300 potato seedlings in each test cell, inserting bamboo blanks on each furrow at intervals of 1m, inserting the two ends of each bamboo blank at the left and right sides of each furrow, bending the bamboo blanks into an arch to form a small arch shed (span is 1m, and the height of the highest part to the ground is 0.8m), building a thick white transparent plastic film (namely a small arch shed film) on the bamboo blanks, and compacting the periphery of the film by soil.
2.12 months and 15 days, constructing a suspended hanging film under the greenhouse (four corners of the suspended hanging film are fixed on four inner corners of the top of the greenhouse to form the suspended hanging film, the suspended hanging film covers the ground of the whole greenhouse, and the height of the suspended hanging film is 2.5); and finally, building a thick white transparent plastic film on the steel frame greenhouse, and sealing the steel frame greenhouse.
During the period from 5 days at 12 months to 15 days at 12 months, the temperature of the small arched shed is 6-12 ℃, the relative humidity of the soil is 75-85%, and the relative humidity of the air is 70-85%;
3. in the next 3 months and 1 day, namely the temperature of the greenhouse reaches 30 ℃, the relative humidity of the soil reaches 60 percent, the relative humidity of the air reaches 70 percent, and the mulching film and the small arched greenhouse are removed.
12 months and 15 days to 3 months and 1 day in the next year, the temperature of the small arched shed is 15-28 ℃, the relative humidity of soil is 70-80%, and the relative humidity of air is 70-85%;
collecting young tips or leaf stalks of the vegetable sweet potatoes in 15 days after 4.4 months, and selling the young tips or leaf stalks of the vegetable sweet potatoes in the market for the first batch of vegetable sweet potato seedlings; can be harvested every 15 days before 5-8 months. The specific results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 sweet potato root tuber and sweet potato vine seedling comparison
The present invention has been described in detail above. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention can be practiced in a wide range of equivalent parameters, concentrations, and conditions without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention and without undue experimentation. While the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments, it will be appreciated that the invention can be further modified. In general, this application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the invention following, in general, the principles of the invention and including such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice within the art to which the invention pertains. The use of some of the essential features is possible within the scope of the claims attached below.
Claims (8)
1. A method for breeding vegetable sweet potato seedlings, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) when the open temperature reaches 12-16 ℃, the relative humidity of the soil reaches 60-70% and the relative humidity of the air reaches 70-80%, sowing the sweet potato tuber roots into the soil of the greenhouse which is not covered by the greenhouse film, and watering management;
2) after 15-22 days of sowing, covering a mulching film on the soil, building a small arched shed on the mulching film, and covering an arched shed film on the small arched shed;
3) covering an arched greenhouse film on the small arched greenhouse for 5-12 days, then building a suspended hanging film under the greenhouse, and covering a greenhouse film on the greenhouse;
4) and (3) covering the greenhouse with a greenhouse film for 110 days, removing the mulching film and the arched greenhouse film, and watering and managing to obtain the seedlings of the vegetable sweet potatoes.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: the method further comprises the step of harvesting young tips or leafstalks of the vegetable-use sweet potatoes 30 to 40 days after the removal of the mulching film and the arched shed film.
3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: covering the small arched shed with an arched shed film until the temperature of the small arched shed is 6-12 ℃, the relative humidity of soil is 75-85% and the relative humidity of air is 70-85% during the period of covering the big shed with the big shed film.
4. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: covering a greenhouse film on the greenhouse till the temperature of the small arched greenhouse is 15-28 ℃, the relative humidity of soil is 70-80% and the relative humidity of air is 70-85% during the period of removing the mulching film and the arched greenhouse film.
5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the span of the small arched shed is 1m, and the height from the highest position to the ground is 0.8 m.
6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: the height of the suspended hanging film from the ground is 2.5 m.
7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein: the span of the greenhouse is 5m, and the height from the highest position to the ground is 3 m.
8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein: the sowing quantity of the sweet potato root tuber is 10-15kg/m2。
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111512805A (en) * | 2020-05-27 | 2020-08-11 | 江苏徐淮地区徐州农业科学研究所(江苏徐州甘薯研究中心) | Winter seedling protection and propagation method for sweet potato seedlings |
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Application publication date: 20200410 |