CN110970234A - Preparation method of vinylon fabric-based graphene/manganese dioxide electrode material - Google Patents
Preparation method of vinylon fabric-based graphene/manganese dioxide electrode material Download PDFInfo
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- CN110970234A CN110970234A CN201911138415.4A CN201911138415A CN110970234A CN 110970234 A CN110970234 A CN 110970234A CN 201911138415 A CN201911138415 A CN 201911138415A CN 110970234 A CN110970234 A CN 110970234A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/84—Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof
- H01G11/86—Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof specially adapted for electrodes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G45/00—Compounds of manganese
- C01G45/02—Oxides; Hydroxides
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
- H01G11/32—Carbon-based
- H01G11/36—Nanostructures, e.g. nanofibres, nanotubes or fullerenes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
- H01G11/46—Metal oxides
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/66—Current collectors
- H01G11/68—Current collectors characterised by their material
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a vinylon fabric-based graphene/manganese dioxide electrode material, which comprises the following steps: (1) coating and treating vinylon fabric by using graphene oxide; (2) reducing graphene oxide: a. immersing the graphene oxide coating vinylon fabric into a reducing agent solution for 1-2 hours at the temperature of 80-100 ℃, taking out, washing and drying; b. then placing the obtained product in a 700-900W microwave oven to be heated for 1-3s with high fire to obtain the graphene coated vinylon fabric; (3) depositing manganese dioxide: and depositing manganese dioxide on the surface of the graphene coated vinylon fabric by adopting electrochemical deposition. According to the invention, the graphene-vinylon composite material is used as the electrode current collector, so that the flexibility of the electrode material is improved, the electrochemical performance of the electrode material is greatly improved through nontoxic and simple secondary reduction and environment-friendly electrochemical deposition of manganese dioxide metal oxide, and a foundation is provided for further development of environment-friendly, flexible, light and excellent flexible capacitors and battery electrodes.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of capacitor electrode materials, in particular to a preparation method of a vinylon fabric-based graphene/manganese dioxide electrode material.
Background
In recent years, wearable electronic products and electronic fabrics are widely applied in the fields of communication, medical treatment, fashion, national defense and the like, and the development of technology for combining electronic devices and clothes is driven, however, the problem of energy supply becomes a topic of increasing concern, so that the development of energy storage equipment with environmental protection, flexibility, light weight and excellent performance is necessary.
Energy is an indispensable strategic resource for the development of the world. While the society continues to develop at a high speed, the use amount of fossil fuels, coal and other energy sources is rapidly increased so as to show exhaustion, and the situation that the energy sources are in shortage crisis unprecedentedly exists in the front of human beings, so that the development of novel energy conversion and storage devices is a research hotspot in the new energy field. The super capacitor is used as a novel energy storage device and has the advantages of environmental friendliness, high applicable temperature range, high charging and discharging speed, ultrahigh power density and the like. Among them, the application of textiles to supercapacitor electrode materials is one of the hot spots studied by researchers.
The metal oxide is a pseudocapacitance material with larger theoretical capacitance, wherein manganese dioxide has the advantages of higher specific capacitance, excellent cycle performance, outstanding electrochemical performance and the like, and manganese element has large reserve capacity, low price and environmental friendliness, so the pseudocapacitance material is widely applied to the field of supercapacitors.
The carbon material has the characteristics of high specific surface area, environmental protection, low price, good conductivity and the like, and has great potential as an electrode material of a super capacitor due to excellent mechanical property and double-layer capacitance property. And the novel carbon material graphene has multiple advantages, such as high carrier mobility, high theoretical specific surface area, high thermal conductivity, mechanical strength and the like. On one hand, graphene alone serving as an electrode material has certain defects, aggregation easily occurs between graphene sheets, the contact area between graphene and electrolyte ions can be reduced, the specific capacitance of the supercapacitor is further reduced, and meanwhile, the specific surface area of graphene is large, so that graphene is easy to react with electrolyte and a layer of diaphragm is formed on the surface of the graphene, and the loss of the electrode material is increased. On the other hand, in the technology of using graphene to treat a textile material as an electrode material of a supercapacitor, a traditional impregnation method, an in-situ growth method or a mechanical mixing method is usually adopted, and the treated and reduced composite electrode material has certain disadvantages, such as less graphene adsorption amount, larger resistance and less conductivity which play a decisive role in conductivity. The addition of the cross-linking agent or the adhesive to increase the adsorption amount of the graphene on the surface of the textile can seriously affect the hand feeling and the mechanical properties of the flexible electrode. And the chemical stability of the conventionally adopted natural fibers such as cotton is poor, the water absorption performance of most chemical fibers is poor, and the conventional method is difficult to combine with graphene. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a further solution to the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a vinylon fabric-based graphene/manganese dioxide electrode material, so as to overcome the defects in the prior art.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a preparation method of a vinylon fabric-based graphene/manganese dioxide electrode material comprises the following steps:
(1) coating graphene oxide on vinylon fabric:
a. coating the graphene oxide hydrosol on one surface of the vinylon fabric, and drying for 8-12min at the temperature of 100-150 ℃;
b. repeating the previous step to treat the other surface of the vinylon fabric to obtain the vinylon fabric with the graphene oxide coating on the two surfaces;
(2) reducing graphene oxide:
a. immersing the double-sided graphene oxide coating vinylon fabric into a reducing agent solution for 1-2h at the temperature of 80-100 ℃, taking out deionized water, washing with water and drying;
b. then placing the obtained product in a 700-900W microwave oven to be heated for 1-3s with high fire to obtain the graphene coated vinylon fabric;
(3) depositing manganese dioxide: and depositing manganese dioxide on the surface of the graphene coated vinylon fabric by adopting electrochemical deposition, wherein the potential difference is 2V, and washing and drying after deposition to obtain the vinylon fabric-based graphene/manganese dioxide electrode material.
Preferably, the concentration of the graphene oxide hydrosol is 20-30 mg/mL.
Preferably, the coating means is knife coating.
Preferably, the reducing agent solvent is a 0.25mol/L L-ascorbic acid solution.
Preferably, the electrolyte in the step (3) is prepared by mixing 0.5-1.0mol/L deionized water solution of supporting electrolyte and 0.05-0.1mol/L manganese precursor.
Preferably, the manganese precursor is manganese acetate-tetrahydrate crystal.
Preferably, the supporting electrolyte is sodium sulfate.
Preferably, a three-electrode system is adopted in the step (3), the graphene coating vinylon fabric is used as a working electrode, the platinum sheet electrode is used as an auxiliary electrode, and the Ag/AgCl electrode is used as a reference electrode.
Preferably, the electrodeposition reaction is carried out in step (3) at a constant current density of 0.25A/g for 30 to 50 min.
Preferably, the drying condition in the step (3) is 60-75 ℃ and drying for 2-2.5h under vacuum condition.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) according to the invention, the graphene-vinylon composite material (namely graphene coating vinylon fabric) is used as an electrode current collector, on one hand, the electrode material has mechanical properties such as tensile bending of textile materials, the flexibility of the electrode material is improved, the capacitance of the electrode material is not obviously lost under the bending condition, and a foundation is provided for further developing flexible capacitors and battery electrodes with environmental protection, flexibility, light weight and excellent performance; on the other hand, vinylon has good chemical stability and does not react with electrolyte, so that the electrode property is stable, the vinylon in the existing synthetic fiber has the highest hygroscopicity, and the graphene oxide is favorably fixed.
(2) According to the invention, the graphene oxide is reduced by adopting a secondary reduction method, and the graphene oxide is reduced by using ascorbic acid and then reduced by using microwaves in the reduction process, so that the two steps are environment-friendly, the composite reduction degree is higher, and the conductivity is better.
(3) According to the invention, the problem of graphene agglomeration is solved by compounding graphene and manganese dioxide metal oxide, and the manganese dioxide metal oxide nanoparticles can generate a Faraday effect to provide pseudo capacitance and have a synergistic effect with an electric double layer capacitance provided by graphene, so that the specific capacitance, the cycle performance and the charge-discharge rate of the supercapacitor are obviously improved.
(4) According to the invention, the electrochemical deposition method is adopted to deposit the manganese dioxide metal oxide on the surface of the graphene coated Velcro fabric, the operation is simple and easy, and the manganese dioxide metal oxide is non-toxic and harmless, and the reactants are subjected to oxidation-reduction reaction under the action of an electric field to generate a product on the electrode.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments described in the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a constant current charge and discharge curve of the present invention at different current densities;
FIG. 2 is a mass-to-capacitance curve calculated according to the charging and discharging curves of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cycle stability test of the composite electrode material of the present invention at a current density of 0.25A/g.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
(1) coating graphene oxide on vinylon fabric:
the graphene oxide hydrosol with the concentration of 25mg/mL prepared by the improved Hummers method is coated on a vinylon fabric (for convenience of experiments, the vinylon fabric is uniformly in a specification of 30cm multiplied by 20 cm) fixed on a bracket. Adopt the knife coating machine knife coating, the accessible is adjusted the scraper and is come control coating thickness with the distance of vinylon fabric, starts the scraper, and the graphene oxide hydrosol accessible scraper drives even level and smooth coating on vinylon fabric surface. And (3) drying the fabric with the single-side coating of the graphene oxide hydrosol in an oven at 120 ℃ for 10min, and dehydrating the dried graphene oxide hydrosol into graphene oxide sheets to be fixed on the surface of the Velen fabric. And treating the other side of the fabric by the same method to obtain the graphene oxide coating Velcro fabric.
(2) Reducing graphene oxide:
at 90 ℃, the Velcro fabric is immersed into a reducing agent solution for 1.5 hours to reduce graphene oxide sheets on the surface of the fabric, and in the experiment, 0.25mol/L L-ascorbic acid, namely vitamin C, is adopted, so that the material is non-toxic and harmless, and has a good reduction effect. The invention can also be used for heating reduction, hydrazine hydrate reduction, chitosan reduction and the like, but the reduction degree of the heating reduction and the chitosan reduction is low compared with that of the L-ascorbic acid; hydrazine hydrate is a highly toxic corrosive substance, which is not favorable for operation safety. After washing and drying, the graphene sheet layer is continuously reduced for 2s in a household microwave oven (800W, high fire), and the graphene sheet layer with uniform expansion can be obtained. Finally, the graphene coated vinylon fabric is prepared by the method.
(3) Depositing manganese dioxide:
depositing manganese dioxide on the surface of the graphene coated vinylon fabric by adopting electrochemical deposition, preferably mixing sodium sulfate and manganese precursor which are easy to prepare and neutral and mild to prepare electrolyte, wherein the electrolyte can be prepared by adopting a combination of sodium sulfate ① 1.0.0 mol/L and manganese acetate tetrahydrate 0.1mol/L, manganese acetate tetrahydrate ② 1.0.0 mol/L, sodium sulfate 0.1mol/L, manganese acetate tetrahydrate 0.1mol/L, sulfuric acid ③ 0.01.01 mol/L and potassium permanganate 0.01mol/L, ① is preferably adopted in the embodiment, the graphene coated vinylon fabric prepared by the method is used as a working electrode, a platinum sheet electrode is used as an auxiliary electrode, an Ag/AgCl electrode is used as a reference electrode, accurate constant potential electrodeposition is realized by a three-electrode system, and MnO is carried out under the constant current density of 0.25A/g2The electrodeposition reaction is carried out for 45min, and the corresponding potential difference is 2V in the electrochemical deposition process. After deposition, the vinylon fabric-based graphene/manganese dioxide electrode material was washed with distilled water and ethanol and then dried in a vacuum oven at 75 ℃ for 2.5 h.
Example 2:
(1) coating graphene oxide on vinylon fabric:
the graphene oxide hydrosol with the concentration of 30mg/mL prepared by the improved Hummers method is coated on a vinylon fabric (for convenience of experiments, the vinylon fabric is uniformly in a specification of 30cm multiplied by 20 cm) fixed on a support. Adopt the knife coating machine knife coating, the accessible is adjusted the scraper and is come control coating thickness with the distance of vinylon fabric, starts the scraper, and the graphene oxide hydrosol accessible scraper drives even level and smooth coating on vinylon fabric surface. And (3) drying the fabric with the single-side coating of the graphene oxide hydrosol in an oven at 100 ℃ for 12min, and dehydrating the dried graphene oxide hydrosol into graphene oxide sheets to be fixed on the surface of the Velen fabric. And treating the other side of the fabric by the same method to obtain the graphene oxide coating Velcro fabric.
(2) Reducing graphene oxide:
the Viron fabric is immersed in a reducing agent solution for 1 hour at 100 ℃, graphene oxide sheets on the surface of the fabric are reduced, and the concentration of 0.25mol/L L-ascorbic acid is adopted in the experiment. After washing and drying, the graphene sheet layer is continuously reduced for 3s in a household microwave oven (700W, high fire), and the graphene sheet layer with uniform expansion can be obtained. Finally, the graphene coated vinylon fabric is prepared by the method.
(3) Depositing manganese dioxide:
mixing 0.5mol/L sodium sulfate and 0.05mol/L manganese acetate-tetrahydrate crystal to prepare electrolyte, taking the graphene coated Velen fabric prepared by the method as a working electrode, taking a platinum sheet electrode as an auxiliary electrode and taking an Ag/AgCl electrode as a reference electrode, and performing MnO on the graphene coated Velen fabric by using a three-electrode system at a constant current density of 0.25A/g2The electrodeposition reaction is carried out for 30min, and the corresponding potential difference is 2V in the electrochemical deposition process. After deposition, the vinylon fabric-based graphene/manganese dioxide electrode material was washed with distilled water and ethanol and then dried in a vacuum oven at 60 ℃ for 2 h.
Example 3:
(1) coating graphene oxide on vinylon fabric:
the graphene oxide hydrosol with the concentration of 22mg/mL prepared by the improved Hummers method is coated on a vinylon fabric (for convenience of experiments, the vinylon fabric is uniformly in a specification of 30cm multiplied by 20 cm) fixed on a bracket. Adopt the knife coating machine knife coating, the accessible is adjusted the scraper and is come control coating thickness with the distance of vinylon fabric, starts the scraper, and the graphene oxide hydrosol accessible scraper drives even level and smooth coating on vinylon fabric surface. And (3) drying the fabric with the single-side coating of the graphene oxide hydrosol in an oven at 150 ℃ for 8min, and dehydrating the dried graphene oxide hydrosol into graphene oxide sheets to be fixed on the surface of the Velen fabric. And treating the other side of the fabric by the same method to obtain the graphene oxide coating Velcro fabric.
(2) Reducing graphene oxide:
the graphene oxide sheets on the surface of the fabric were reduced by immersing the Velcro fabric in a reducing agent solution at 80 ℃ for 2 hours, and the concentration of 0.25mol/L L-ascorbic acid was used in this experiment. After washing and drying, the graphene sheet layer is continuously reduced for 1s in a household microwave oven (900W, high fire), and the graphene sheet layer with uniform expansion can be obtained. Finally, the graphene coated vinylon fabric is prepared by the method.
(3) Depositing manganese dioxide:
mixing 0.8mol/L sodium sulfate and 0.08mol/L manganese acetate-tetrahydrate crystal to prepare electrolyte, taking the graphene coated Velen fabric prepared by the method as a working electrode, taking a platinum sheet electrode as an auxiliary electrode and taking an Ag/AgCl electrode as a reference electrode, and performing MnO on the graphene coated Velen fabric by using a three-electrode system at a constant current density of 0.5A/g2The electrodeposition reaction is carried out for 50min, and the corresponding potential difference is 2V in the electrochemical deposition process. After deposition, the vinylon fabric-based graphene/manganese dioxide electrode material was washed with distilled water and ethanol and then dried in a vacuum oven at 75 ℃ for 2.5 h.
Taking example 1 as an example, FIG. 1 shows the cyclic voltammetry curves of the composite electrode material of example 1, and the sweep voltage rate is increased from 10mV/s to 80 mV/s. Figure 2 shows the GCD curves of the composite electrode material of example 1 at different current density ranges from 0.25A/g to 1.5A/g. FIG. 3 shows the specific capacitance of the composite electrode material of example 1 as a function of current density, at different current densities of 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2A/g, respectively 490, 450, 400, 360 and 340F/g. The electrochemical performance of the composite electrode material is studied to show that the composite electrode material has high capacitance (490F/g, 0.25A/g), good cycling stability (the capacitance is kept at 95.5 percent after 1000 capacitance discharge) and higher energy density (17.01 Wh/kg).
In conclusion, the graphene-vinylon composite material is adopted as the electrode current collector, so that the flexibility of the electrode material is improved, the electrochemical performance of the electrode material is greatly improved through non-toxic and harmless secondary reduction and environment-friendly electrochemical deposition of manganese dioxide metal oxide, the electrode material has high specific capacitance, good cycle stability and high energy density, mechanical properties such as tensile bending and the like of the textile material are achieved, the capacitance is not obviously lost under the bending condition, and a foundation is provided for further developing environment-friendly, flexible, light and excellent flexible capacitors and battery electrodes.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference signs in the claims shall not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should make the description as a whole, and the embodiments may be appropriately combined to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of a vinylon fabric-based graphene/manganese dioxide electrode material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) coating graphene oxide on vinylon fabric:
a. coating the graphene oxide hydrosol on one surface of the vinylon fabric, and drying for 8-12min at the temperature of 100-150 ℃;
b. repeating the previous step to treat the other surface of the vinylon fabric to obtain the vinylon fabric with the graphene oxide coating on the two surfaces;
(2) reducing graphene oxide:
a. immersing the double-sided graphene oxide coating vinylon fabric into a reducing agent solution for 1-2h at the temperature of 80-100 ℃, taking out deionized water, washing with water and drying;
b. then placing the obtained product in a 700-900W microwave oven to be heated for 1-3s with high fire to obtain the graphene coated vinylon fabric;
(3) depositing manganese dioxide:
and depositing manganese dioxide on the surface of the graphene coated vinylon fabric by adopting electrochemical deposition, wherein the potential difference is 2V, and washing and drying after deposition to obtain the vinylon fabric-based graphene/manganese dioxide electrode material.
2. The method for preparing vinylon fabric-based graphene/manganese dioxide electrode material according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of the graphene oxide hydrosol is 20-30 mg/mL.
3. The preparation method of the vinylon fabric-based graphene/manganese dioxide electrode material according to claim 1, wherein the coating mode is blade coating.
4. The method for preparing vinylon fabric-based graphene/manganese dioxide electrode material according to claim 1, wherein the reducing agent solvent is 0.25mol/L L-ascorbic acid solution.
5. The method for preparing vinylon fabric-based graphene/manganese dioxide electrode material according to claim 1, wherein the electrolyte in the step (3) is prepared by mixing 0.5-1.0mol/L deionized water solution of supporting electrolyte and 0.05-0.1mol/L manganese precursor.
6. The preparation method of the vinylon fabric-based graphene/manganese dioxide electrode material according to claim 5, wherein the manganese precursor is manganese acetate-tetrahydrate crystal.
7. The method for preparing vinylon fabric-based graphene/manganese dioxide electrode material according to claim 5, wherein the supporting electrolyte is sodium sulfate.
8. The preparation method of the vinylon fabric-based graphene/manganese dioxide electrode material according to claim 1, wherein a three-electrode system is adopted in the step (3), the graphene coated vinylon fabric is used as a working electrode, the platinum sheet electrode is used as an auxiliary electrode, and the Ag/AgCl electrode is used as a reference electrode.
9. The method for preparing vinylon fabric-based graphene/manganese dioxide electrode material according to claim 1, wherein the electrodeposition reaction is performed in step (3) at a constant current density of 0.25A/g for 30-50 min.
10. The method for preparing vinylon fabric-based graphene/manganese dioxide electrode material according to claim 1, wherein the drying conditions in the step (3) are 60-75 ℃ and 2-2.5h under vacuum.
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| CN114456577A (en) * | 2021-12-22 | 2022-05-10 | 厦门凯纳石墨烯技术股份有限公司 | Antistatic E-TPU material and preparation method thereof |
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