CN110964964A - Hard alloy matrix of large-feed milling cutter with gradient structure and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Hard alloy matrix of large-feed milling cutter with gradient structure and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110964964A CN110964964A CN201911391707.9A CN201911391707A CN110964964A CN 110964964 A CN110964964 A CN 110964964A CN 201911391707 A CN201911391707 A CN 201911391707A CN 110964964 A CN110964964 A CN 110964964A
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- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000748 compression moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001238 wet grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 7
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000601 superalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
- C22C29/02—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/1003—Use of special medium during sintering, e.g. sintering aid
- B22F3/1007—Atmosphere
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/1017—Multiple heating or additional steps
- B22F3/1021—Removal of binder or filler
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/05—Mixtures of metal powder with non-metallic powder
- C22C1/051—Making hard metals based on borides, carbides, nitrides, oxides or silicides; Preparation of the powder mixture used as the starting material therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
- C22C29/005—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides comprising a particular metallic binder
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
- B22F2009/043—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling by ball milling
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a hard alloy matrix of a large-feed milling cutter with a gradient structure and a preparation method thereof, wherein the hard alloy matrix comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 5-10% of Co powder; 2-6% of TaC powder and/or NbC powder; 1-6% of TiC powder; 0.1-2.0% Ti (C, N); the balance is WC powder with a Fisher size of 2.0-5.0 μm, and the total is 100%. The method can form a toughness area lacking cubic carbide and carbonitride in the surface area of the matrix, absorb the energy of crack propagation of the composite coating, effectively prevent the crack from propagating towards the inside of the alloy, and improve the service performance of the large-feed milling cutter.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a hard alloy matrix of a large-feed milling cutter with a gradient structure and a preparation method thereof.
Background
At present, a large feed milling cutter is widely used in various metal cutting fields since 2015 since it has the outstanding advantages of large feed, high cutting speed, high machining efficiency, high surface smoothness of a machined workpiece, no need of grinding and the like. The method is continuously and extensively applied to cutting and processing stainless steel, titanium alloy, even high-temperature alloy and super alloy from the original common steel and cast iron. This in turn puts higher demands on the material of the large feed milling cutter and the process for manufacturing the same. In order to continuously meet the desire of customers to solve the cutting machining problem of various workpieces by using a large-feed milling cutter, the coating of the large-feed milling cutter is optimized, the original single coating is upgraded into a multi-layer composite coating, and the total thickness of the coating is increased. A significant problem with composite coatings is that the coating material may crack during cooling due to thermal stresses due to the different coefficients of thermal expansion of the different materials, and the thicker the coating, the higher the chance of cracking and the longer the crack length may be. Cracks are generally more likely to develop at the coating surface and propagate into the substrate due to the brittleness of the coating material.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a hard alloy matrix of a large-feed milling cutter with a gradient structure, which can form a toughness area lacking cubic carbide and carbonitride in the surface area of the matrix, absorb the energy of crack propagation of a composite coating, effectively prevent cracks from propagating towards the inside of the alloy and improve the service performance of the large-feed milling cutter.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problem of the invention is as follows: a hard alloy matrix of a large-feed milling cutter with a gradient structure comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
5-10% of Co powder;
2-6% of TaC powder and/or NbC powder;
1-6% of TiC powder;
0.1-2.0% Ti (C, N);
the balance is WC powder with a Fisher size of 2.0-5.0 μm, and the total is 100%.
Further, C in Ti (C, N): the molar ratio of N is 1: 1.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the hard alloy matrix of the large-feed milling cutter with the gradient structure, which comprises the following steps:
sequentially carrying out material preparation, wet grinding, spray drying, compression molding and sintering; in the wet milling process, the ball material mass ratio is (3-5): 1, the liquid-solid ratio is 300-500 ml/Kg, and the ball milling time is 72-96 hours; and in the sintering process, the sintering temperature is 1450-1480 ℃.
The sintering is divided into two stages:
the first stage is presintering, the green compact is heated up under the protection of nitrogen, and dewaxing is carried out after the green compact is heated up to 400 ℃ and is kept warm for a period of time; heating to 1380 deg.C, maintaining for a period of time to densify the alloy, and cooling to room temperature;
and the second stage is gradient sintering, wherein in a vacuum state, the presintered sample is heated from room temperature to a sintering temperature of 1450-1480 ℃, then is pressurized at 6.0MPa, is kept for a period of time, and is cooled to room temperature along with a furnace.
The temperature rise speed of the pressed compact under the protection of nitrogen is 5 ℃/min.
After the technical scheme is adopted, the hard alloy matrix of the large-feed milling cutter prepared by the formula and the method can form a toughness area lacking cubic carbide and carbonitride in the surface area of the matrix, the binder content of the area is higher than the nominal binder content of the matrix, and when cracks formed in a coating layer expand to the area, the crack can absorb the energy of crack expansion due to good toughness, so that the cracks can be effectively prevented from expanding to the interior of the alloy, and the service performance of the large-feed milling cutter is improved.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a hard alloy matrix of a large-feed milling cutter with a gradient structure and a preparation method thereof, and a person skilled in the art can realize the large-feed milling cutter by properly improving process parameters by referring to the content. It is expressly intended that all such similar substitutes and modifications apparent to those skilled in the art are deemed to be within the scope of the invention. While the methods and applications of this invention have been described in terms of preferred embodiments, it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that variations and modifications in the methods and applications described herein, as well as other suitable variations and combinations, may be made to implement and use the techniques of this invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
A hard alloy matrix of a large-feed milling cutter with a gradient structure comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
5-10% of Co powder;
2-6% of TaC powder and/or NbC powder;
1-6% of TiC powder;
0.1-2.0% Ti (C, N);
the balance is WC powder with a Fisher size of 2.0-5.0 μm, and the total is 100%.
Further, C in Ti (C, N): the molar ratio of N is 1: 1.
The preparation method of the hard alloy matrix of the large-feed milling cutter with the gradient structure comprises the following steps:
sequentially carrying out material preparation, wet grinding, spray drying, compression molding and sintering; in the wet milling process, the ball material mass ratio is (3-5): 1, the liquid-solid ratio is 300-500 ml/Kg, and the ball milling time is 72-96 hours; and in the sintering process, the sintering temperature is 1450-1480 ℃.
Specifically, sintering is divided into two stages:
the first stage is presintering, the green compact is heated up under the protection of nitrogen, and dewaxing is carried out after the green compact is heated up to 400 ℃ and is kept warm for a period of time; heating to 1380 deg.C, maintaining for a period of time to densify the alloy, and cooling to room temperature;
and the second stage is gradient sintering, wherein in a vacuum state, the presintered sample is heated from room temperature to a sintering temperature of 1450-1480 ℃, then is pressurized at 6.0MPa, is kept for a period of time, and is cooled to room temperature along with a furnace.
Specifically, the temperature rise speed of the green compact under the protection of nitrogen is 5 ℃/min.
In order that the present invention may be more clearly understood, the following detailed description of the present invention is given with reference to specific examples.
The first embodiment is as follows:
when in proportioning, 5.5 percent of Co powder, 5 percent of Ta (Nb) C powder, 3.0 percent of TiC powder, 1.0 percent of Ti (C, N) and the balance of WC powder with the Fisher grain size of 4.0 mu m, wherein the total amount is 100 percent; using absolute alcohol as a ball milling medium, wherein the liquid-solid ratio is 300ml/Kg, the mass ratio of ball materials is 4:1, the ball milling time is 72 hours, spray drying is carried out to prepare a mixture, after compression molding, the pressed blank is heated under the protection of nitrogen (the heating speed is 5 ℃/min), and the temperature is kept for 1 hour for dewaxing when the temperature is raised to 400 ℃; keeping the temperature at 1380 ℃ for 1h to densify the alloy, cooling to room temperature, raising the temperature of the pre-sintered sample from room temperature to 1480 ℃ in a vacuum state, and pressurizing for 6.0Keeping the temperature for 1.5h under MPa, and then cooling to room temperature along with the furnace. The standard product of the cemented carbide prepared by the method of this example was examined by using a sample strip of PS21 (size 6.5X 5.25X 20 mm) having a mean grain size of hard phase of 1.5 μm, a bending strength of 2450MPa, and a hardness Hv301700, meeting the design requirements.
Example two:
when in proportioning, 8.0 percent of Co powder, 4 percent of Ta (Nb) C powder, 2.5 percent of TiC powder, 1.2 percent of Ti (C, N) and the balance of WC powder with the Fisher grain size of 3.0 mu m, wherein the total amount is 100 percent; using absolute alcohol as a ball milling medium, wherein the liquid-solid ratio is 300ml/Kg, the mass ratio of ball materials is 4:1, the ball milling time is 96 hours, spray drying is carried out to prepare a mixture, after compression molding, the pressed blank is heated under the protection of nitrogen (the heating speed is 5 ℃/min), and the temperature is kept for 1 hour for dewaxing when the temperature is raised to 400 ℃; when the temperature is 1380 ℃, the temperature is kept for 1h to densify the alloy, then the alloy is cooled to the room temperature, then the presintered sample is heated to 1460 ℃ from the room temperature under the vacuum state, the pressure is increased to 6.0MPa, the temperature is kept for 1.5h, and then the sample is cooled to the room temperature along with the furnace. The standard product of the cemented carbide prepared by the method of this example was examined by using a sample strip of PS21 (size 6.5X 5.25X 20 mm) having a mean grain size of the hard phase of 1.5 μm, a flexural strength of 2780MPa, and a hardness Hv301620, meeting the design requirements.
Example three:
when in proportioning, 10.0 percent of Co powder, 5 percent of Ta (Nb) C powder, 2.0 percent of TiC powder, 1.5 percent of Ti (C, N) and the balance of WC powder with the Fisher grain size of 2.3 mu m, wherein the total amount is 100 percent; using absolute alcohol as a ball milling medium, wherein the liquid-solid ratio is 350ml/Kg, the mass ratio of ball materials is 4:1, the ball milling time is 80 hours, spray drying is carried out to obtain a mixture, after compression molding, the pressed blank is heated under the protection of nitrogen (the heating speed is 5 ℃/min), and the temperature is kept for 1 hour for dewaxing when the temperature is raised to 400 ℃; when the temperature is 1380 ℃, the temperature is kept for 1h to densify the alloy, then the alloy is cooled to the room temperature, then the presintered sample is heated to 1450 ℃ from the room temperature under the vacuum state, the pressure is increased to 6.0MPa, the temperature is kept for 1.5h, and then the sample is cooled to the room temperature along with the furnace. The standard product of the cemented carbide prepared by the method of this example was examined by using a sample strip of PS21 (size 6.5 × 5.25 × 20 mm) having a mean grain size of the hard phase of 1.2 μm and a hardness of resistance to crackingThe bending strength is 2780MPa, and the hardness is Hv301560, meeting the design requirement.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A hard alloy matrix of a large-feed milling cutter with a gradient structure is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass:
5-10% of Co powder;
2-6% of TaC powder and/or NbC powder;
1-6% of TiC powder;
0.1-2.0% Ti (C, N);
the balance is WC powder with a Fisher size of 2.0-5.0 μm, and the total is 100%.
2. The cemented carbide substrate for a gradient-structured large feed milling cutter according to claim 1,
c in Ti (C, N): the molar ratio of N is 1: 1.
3. A method for manufacturing a cemented carbide substrate for a progressive cavity milling cutter according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:
sequentially carrying out material preparation, wet grinding, spray drying, compression molding and sintering; in the wet milling process, the ball material mass ratio is (3-5): 1, the liquid-solid ratio is 300-500 ml/Kg, and the ball milling time is 72-96 hours; and in the sintering process, the sintering temperature is 1450-1480 ℃.
4. The method according to claim 3,
the sintering is divided into two stages:
the first stage is presintering, the green compact is heated up under the protection of nitrogen, and dewaxing is carried out after the green compact is heated up to 400 ℃ and is kept warm for a period of time; heating to 1380 deg.C, maintaining for a period of time to densify the alloy, and cooling to room temperature;
and the second stage is gradient sintering, wherein in a vacuum state, the presintered sample is heated from room temperature to a sintering temperature of 1450-1480 ℃, then is pressurized at 6.0MPa, is kept for a period of time, and is cooled to room temperature along with a furnace.
5. The production method according to claim 4,
the temperature rise speed of the pressed compact under the protection of nitrogen is 5 ℃/min.
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| CN201911391707.9A CN110964964A (en) | 2019-12-30 | 2019-12-30 | Hard alloy matrix of large-feed milling cutter with gradient structure and preparation method thereof |
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| CN201911391707.9A CN110964964A (en) | 2019-12-30 | 2019-12-30 | Hard alloy matrix of large-feed milling cutter with gradient structure and preparation method thereof |
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105803288A (en) * | 2016-05-23 | 2016-07-27 | 株洲钻石切削刀具股份有限公司 | Non-homogeneous gradient hard alloy and preparation method thereof |
| CN106086570A (en) * | 2016-06-16 | 2016-11-09 | 岭南师范学院 | A kind of hard alloy material and the method preparing sintered carbide tool material thereof |
| CN108085555A (en) * | 2017-12-04 | 2018-05-29 | 株洲夏普高新材料有限公司 | Hard alloy suitable for cutting high temperature alloy and preparation method thereof |
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- 2019-12-30 CN CN201911391707.9A patent/CN110964964A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105803288A (en) * | 2016-05-23 | 2016-07-27 | 株洲钻石切削刀具股份有限公司 | Non-homogeneous gradient hard alloy and preparation method thereof |
| CN106086570A (en) * | 2016-06-16 | 2016-11-09 | 岭南师范学院 | A kind of hard alloy material and the method preparing sintered carbide tool material thereof |
| CN108085555A (en) * | 2017-12-04 | 2018-05-29 | 株洲夏普高新材料有限公司 | Hard alloy suitable for cutting high temperature alloy and preparation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20200407 |