CN110962879A - Equipment and method for detecting out-of-roundness of wheel tread - Google Patents
Equipment and method for detecting out-of-roundness of wheel tread Download PDFInfo
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- CN110962879A CN110962879A CN201811494005.9A CN201811494005A CN110962879A CN 110962879 A CN110962879 A CN 110962879A CN 201811494005 A CN201811494005 A CN 201811494005A CN 110962879 A CN110962879 A CN 110962879A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 claims description 53
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 51
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 19
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 17
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000008093 supporting effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009191 jumping Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006748 scratching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002393 scratching effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 208000034656 Contusions Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000034526 bruise Diseases 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61K—AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR RAILWAYS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B61K9/00—Railway vehicle profile gauges; Detecting or indicating overheating of components; Apparatus on locomotives or cars to indicate bad track sections; General design of track recording vehicles
- B61K9/12—Measuring or surveying wheel-rims
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for detecting out-of-roundness of a wheel tread, and belongs to the technical field of rail transit. The invention discloses online dynamic detection equipment, which comprises a pedal assembly, a first sliding plate, a second sliding plate and a fixed plate assembly which are arranged on the inner side of a track and are parallel to each other, wherein the first sliding plate, the pedal assembly and the fixed plate assembly are connected through a sliding rail mechanism in a sliding way, the second sliding plate and the first sliding plate are connected through a bearing, and the first sliding plate is connected with a lifting driving mechanism and is also connected with the pedal assembly through an elastic element. By adopting the technical scheme of the invention, the radial runout of the train can be dynamically detected in real time in a high-speed running state of the train, the detection precision is effectively improved compared with the existing detection mechanism, and the structural stability of the detection equipment is better.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of rail transit, and particularly relates to wheel tread out-of-roundness detection equipment and a detection method.
Background
In the running process of a train, along with high speed and heavy load, a wheel set of the train bears great dynamic load, tread scratching, peeling and radial jumping phenomena are easily caused on a wheel tread, and the tread scratching, peeling and radial jumping phenomena are easy to cause out-of-roundness, namely ovality or out-of-roundness of the tread. The tread out-of-round can bring extra impact vibration to the train in operation, lead to the train operation quality to descend, and the wearing and tearing aggravation to influence the safety and the life of train and track facility, can lead to the axletree to split even, collapse the wheel, cause major accident.
At present, the main technologies adopted at home and abroad for the online dynamic detection of the defects of the train wheel set tread comprise: 1) electric signal detection method: when the train runs at a high speed, the wheels are separated from the rail surface when running to the scratch position, and a certain period of vacation time is provided; the length of the vacation time is related to the size of the bruise; the wheel emptying time is measured through an electric signal, and the degree of the wheel scratch can be obtained through simple conversion. 2) Sound detection method: the size and the position of the flat wheel are roughly judged by judging the size of the collision sound of the scratch and the steel rail. But the interference of adjacent wheels cannot be overcome, only the wheel set where the flat wheel is located can be judged, and the test precision is not high. 3) Contact measurement method: the movable plate which is always contacted with the top point of the wheel rim and can move up and down along with the wheel is arranged on the inner side of the track, the pressing displacement of the movable plate in the wheel rolling process is measured, and the radial runout and the abrasion loss of the wheel tread can be obtained according to the change of the pressing displacement of the movable plate.
Among them, the contact measurement method has gained wide attention at home and abroad due to relatively high detection precision and high detection efficiency. The existing contact measurement method mainly adopts a parallelogram structure. For example, the chinese patent No. 2007200826089 discloses an on-line dynamic detection device for detecting wheel tread scratches and out-of-roundness, which employs a parallelogram detection mechanism, wherein the middle part or middle swing rod of the parallelogram detection mechanism is connected to a lifting rod of a lifting mechanism, the lifting mechanism is fixed on the inner track bed of the track, and the lifting mechanism is electrically connected to a data processing and control device. However, when the train wheel just contacts with the detection rod, the wheel easily brings great impact and vibration to the mechanism, so that the detection rod is separated from the wheel rim instantaneously, the measurement reference is lost, the missed measurement and the mismeasurement are caused, and the measurement accuracy is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
1. Technical problem to be solved by the invention
The invention aims to overcome the problems of the existing train wheel tread defect detection and provides wheel tread out-of-roundness detection equipment and a detection method. By adopting the technical scheme of the invention, the radial runout of the train can be dynamically detected in real time in a high-speed running state of the train, the detection precision is effectively improved compared with the existing detection mechanism, and the structural stability of the detection equipment is better.
2. Technical scheme
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
the invention discloses wheel tread out-of-roundness detection equipment, which comprises a pedal assembly, a first sliding plate, a second sliding plate and a fixed plate assembly which are arranged on the inner side of a track and are parallel to each other, wherein the first sliding plate is connected with the pedal assembly and the fixed plate assembly through a sliding rail mechanism, the second sliding plate is connected with the fixed plate assembly through a bearing, the first sliding plate is connected with a lifting driving mechanism and is also connected with the pedal assembly through an elastic element; and a displacement sensing plate is arranged on the pedal assembly, and a displacement sensor is correspondingly arranged on the second sliding plate.
Furthermore, both ends of the pedal assembly are provided with continuous damping mechanisms, each continuous damping mechanism comprises a push rod motor, a wedge block, a damper, a damping base and a damping baffle, the wedge block is movably mounted on the damping base and is connected with the push rod motor in a driving mode, the damping baffle is fixedly mounted on the pedal assembly, and the movable supports at both ends of the damper are pressed between the damping baffle and the wedge block.
Furthermore, the push rod motor and the damping base are both fixedly arranged on the fixed plate assembly, and a motor shaft of the push rod motor is fixedly connected with the wedge block through a motor connecting rod; and the fixed plate assembly is also provided with a damping support, and the damping passes through the damping support.
Furthermore, the lifting driving mechanism comprises a servo electric cylinder, the free end of a piston rod of the servo electric cylinder is fixedly connected with the connecting block, and the connecting block is fixedly connected with the first sliding plate.
Furthermore, a bearing is arranged in the connecting block, a bearing pin is correspondingly arranged in the second sliding plate, and the bearing pin is inserted into the bearing and hinged with the connecting block; furthermore, the connecting block is processed into an L-shaped structure, the first sliding plate is supported and installed on the connecting block, and the bearing is installed in the vertical plate of the connecting block.
Furthermore, the bottom of the connecting block is provided with a connecting lug, the free end of the piston rod is correspondingly provided with a pin shaft hole, and the connecting block is hinged with the free end of the piston rod through a pin shaft.
Furthermore, the sliding rail mechanism between the first sliding plate and the pedal assembly is obliquely installed relative to the first sliding plate, and the sliding rail mechanisms between the first sliding plate and the fixed plate assembly and between the second sliding plate and the fixed plate assembly are both vertically installed relative to the first sliding plate.
Furthermore, the fixing plate assembly comprises a main fixing plate, end fixing plates positioned at two ends of the main fixing plate and an upper sealing plate positioned at the top of the main fixing plate, wherein the main fixing plate, the end fixing plates and the upper sealing plate surround together to form a box-type structure; the first sliding plate is connected with the pedal assembly in a sliding mode through a first sliding rail, connected with the main fixing plate in a sliding mode through a second sliding rail and connected with the end fixing plate in a sliding mode through a third sliding rail; and an intermediate fixed plate is arranged between the first sliding plate and the pedal assembly, and the first sliding plate is connected with the intermediate fixed plate in a sliding manner through a fourth sliding rail.
Furthermore, a bottom plate assembly is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the track, and the detection equipment is arranged on the bottom plate assembly; the installation direction of the elastic element is parallel to the installation direction of the sliding rail mechanism between the first sliding plate and the pedal assembly, and the elastic element is of a tension spring or pressure spring structure.
The invention discloses a method for detecting out-of-roundness of a wheel tread, which comprises the following steps:
step one, adjusting the height of a pedal assembly: the first sliding plate is driven to lift through the lifting driving mechanism according to the rim height of the train wheel to be detected, at the moment, no relative motion exists between the pedal assembly and the first sliding plate and between the pedal assembly and the second sliding plate, the pedal assembly and the second sliding plate lift synchronously along with the first sliding plate, and when the pedal assembly lifts to a specified position, the lifting driving mechanism stops working at the moment;
step two, the wheel detection process: when a wheel presses the pedal assembly, the pedal assembly is pressed down by the rim of the wheel to generate downward displacement along the direction of the sliding rail, the first sliding plate and the second sliding plate are kept stationary relative to the fixed plate assembly in the descending process of the pedal assembly, the displacement sensor generates relative displacement relative to the displacement sensing plate, and the displacement of the pedal assembly pressed down by the rim of the wheel when the wheel passes through is obtained through conversion; the radial run-out condition of the train wheel tread can be obtained by processing the data acquired by the displacement sensor in the perimeter of the whole wheel tread;
step three, when the wheels leave, the pedal assembly is restored to the initial position under the action of the elastic element; at the moment, the lifting driving mechanism continues to start to work, the pedal assembly is driven to descend to a specified position, and no matter the height of the wheel rim of the passing wheel is large, the wheel rim cannot press the pedal assembly.
3. Advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the invention has the following remarkable effects:
(1) the invention discloses wheel tread out-of-roundness detection equipment, which comprises a pedal assembly, a first sliding plate, a second sliding plate and a fixed plate assembly which are arranged on the inner side of a track and are parallel to each other, wherein after a train wheel presses the pedal assembly, the pedal assembly moves downwards relative to the first sliding plate along a sliding rail mechanism, the first sliding plate, the second sliding plate and the fixed plate assembly are kept still, the defects of radial runout and the like of the wheel can be directly measured dynamically on line through the change of the pressing amount of the pedal assembly in the whole tread circumference range of the wheel, and the structural stability and the detection precision of the detection equipment are higher than those of the existing contact detection equipment. Meanwhile, the first sliding plate is connected with the pedal assembly through the elastic element, so that when the wheel leaves the pedal assembly, the pedal assembly can gradually and automatically return to the initial position, and the next detection is convenient.
(2) According to the wheel tread out-of-roundness detection equipment, the first sliding plate is arranged between the fixed plate assembly and the pedal assembly and is connected with the lifting driving mechanism, the lifting driving mechanism drives the first sliding plate to lift, and the pedal assembly can synchronously lift along with the first sliding plate under the action of the elastic element, so that the initial height of the pedal assembly can be adjusted, the detection of train wheels with different wheel rim heights is met, and the impact action of the wheels on the pedal assembly is favorably reduced.
(3) According to the wheel tread out-of-roundness detection equipment, after a train presses a pedal, a pedal assembly moves downwards relative to a first sliding plate, the first sliding plate inevitably tilts, and therefore the detection result is influenced.
(4) According to the wheel tread out-of-roundness detection equipment, the continuous damping mechanisms are arranged at the two ends of the pedal assembly, and continuous force is continuously applied to the two ends of the pedal assembly through the damping mechanisms, so that inclination caused by unbalanced stress at the two ends of the pedal assembly can be prevented, and the accuracy of a measurement result of a displacement sensor can be further ensured.
(5) According to the wheel tread out-of-roundness detection equipment, the lifting driving mechanism comprises the servo electric cylinder, the free end of the piston rod of the servo electric cylinder is fixedly connected with the connecting block, the connecting block is fixedly connected with the first sliding plate, and the piston rod is hinged with the connecting block through the pin shaft instead of being in threaded connection, so that the influence of the existence of a threaded gap in threaded connection on the stability of the first sliding plate can be effectively eliminated, and the accuracy of a detection result is further ensured.
(6) According to the wheel tread out-of-roundness detection equipment, the sliding rail mechanisms between the first sliding plate and the fixed plate assembly and between the second sliding plate and the fixed plate assembly are vertically installed relative to the first sliding plate, and the sliding rail mechanism between the first sliding plate and the pedal assembly is obliquely installed relative to the first sliding plate, so that the stability of the structure and the operation of the whole measuring device is further improved, the impact of wheels on the detection equipment is effectively reduced, and the accuracy of a measuring result is ensured.
(7) According to the method for detecting the out-of-roundness of the wheel tread, the structure of the detection equipment is optimally designed, so that on one hand, the on-line dynamic detection of the radial runout of the wheel can be realized, the detection precision is high, on the other hand, the height of the pedal assembly can be adjusted according to the rim heights of different wheels, and the impact can be reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a device for detecting out-of-roundness of a wheel tread according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a fixing plate assembly of the on-line dynamic testing apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram (I) of a split structure of the online dynamic inspection apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram (II) of a split structure of the online dynamic detection device of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram (III) of a split structure of the online dynamic inspection apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram (IV) of a split structure of the online dynamic inspection apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram (V) of a split structure of the online dynamic inspection apparatus of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic view of the mounting structure of the first sliding plate of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of the first lifting driving mechanism of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of the second lifting driving mechanism of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of the piston rod of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic structural view of the continuous damping mechanism of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a schematic structural view of a floor assembly of the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a schematic view of the tension spring of the present invention;
fig. 15 is a schematic structural view of the spring pin of the present invention.
The reference numerals in the schematic drawings illustrate:
1. a track; 2. a pedal assembly; 201. a pedal; 202. a pedal support plate; 301. a first sliding plate; 302. a second sliding plate; 4. a fixed plate assembly; 401. a main fixing plate; 402. an end fixing plate; 403. an upper sealing plate; 404. a middle fixing plate; 5. a floor assembly; 501. a bottom support plate; 502. a first track platen; 503. a platen bolt; 504. a platen nut; 505. a draw bar bolt; 506. fixing the ear; 507. reinforcing ribs; 508. a second track press plate; 6. a lifting drive mechanism; 601. a servo electric cylinder; 602. a piston rod; 603. a connecting nut; 604. connecting blocks; 605. a bearing; 606. connecting lugs; 607. a pin shaft; 701. a first slide rail; 702. a second slide rail; 703. a third slide rail; 704. a fourth slide rail; 705. a fifth slide rail; 8. an elastic element; 801. an elastic element support; 802. an elastic element adjusting plate; 803. an elastic element support plate; 804. a spring pin; 805. hooking a groove; 901. a displacement sensing plate; 10. a displacement sensor mounting plate; 1101. a push rod motor; 1102. a push rod motor base; 1103. a motor connecting rod; 1104. a damping base; 1105. a wedge block; 1106. damping; 1107. damping support; 1108. a damper flap.
Detailed Description
For a further understanding of the invention, reference will now be made in detail to the embodiments illustrated in the drawings.
Example 1
With reference to fig. 1, 3-7, the device for detecting out-of-roundness of a wheel tread according to the present embodiment includes a pedal assembly 2, a first sliding plate 301, a second sliding plate 302, and a fixed plate assembly 4, which are installed inside a track 1 and parallel to each other, wherein the first sliding plate 301, the pedal assembly 2, the fixed plate assembly 4, and the second sliding plate 302, the fixed plate assembly 4 are slidably connected through a sliding rail mechanism, the second sliding plate 302 and the first sliding plate 301 are connected through a bearing, the first sliding plate 301 is connected to a lifting driving mechanism 6 and is further connected to the pedal assembly 2 through an elastic element 8; the pedal assembly 2 is provided with a displacement sensing plate 901, and the second sliding plate 302 is correspondingly provided with a displacement sensor.
According to the embodiment, the pedal assembly 2 is installed on the rail, when a wheel passes through, the top surface of the pedal assembly 2 is always kept in contact with the top point of the wheel rim, the pedal assembly 2 generates downward displacement under the pressing action of the wheel rim, the displacement is changed along with the difference of the contact points of the tread and the rail, the change of the displacement of the pedal assembly 2 in the process that the wheel passes through the pedal assembly 2 is collected, and the radial runout of the wheel can be detected. In actual use, the wheel rim heights of all wheels on a train are different, the pedal assembly 2 is higher than the wheel rim by a certain value during measurement to serve as a pre-pressing amount, the pre-pressing amount cannot be too large, otherwise the wheels can seriously impact the pedal assembly 2, so that the pedal assembly 2 is damaged, and the measurement precision is reduced; the pre-load must also not be too small, otherwise the wheel rim will not press the pedal assembly 2, resulting in no detectable data. Through the setting of first sliding plate 301 in this embodiment, and it links to each other with lift actuating mechanism 6 to both can realize the measurement of wheel tread defect, can adjust the initial height of footboard assembly 2 again simultaneously, thereby satisfy the measurement requirement of different rim height wheels, reduce the wheel and cause great impact to footboard assembly 2, and guarantee measurement accuracy. Specifically, before the train arrives, the first sliding plate 301 is driven to lift relative to the fixed plate assembly 4 through the lifting driving mechanism 6 according to the rim height of the train wheel to be detected, and at the moment, the pedal assembly 2 and the first sliding plate 301 lift synchronously, so that the initial height of the pedal assembly 2 is adjusted. When the height of the pedal assembly 2 reaches a set value, the lifting driving mechanism 6 stops working.
After the train wheels press the pedal assembly 2, under the rolling action of the wheels, the pedal assembly 2 moves downwards relative to the first sliding plate 301 along the sliding rail mechanism, at this time, under the supporting action of the lifting driving mechanism 6, the first sliding plate 301 does not slide relative to the fixed plate assembly 4, and then the distance between the displacement sensing plate 901 and the displacement sensor changes; when the train wheel leaves the pedal assembly 2, the pedal assembly 2 gradually moves upwards along the sliding rail mechanism to perform restoring motion relative to the first sliding plate 301 under the action of restoring force of the elastic element 8, and radial run-out, tread scratch and abrasion data of the train wheel tread can be obtained by processing distance change data between the displacement sensing plate 901 and the displacement sensor, so that on-line dynamic measurement of train wheel defects is realized, and the measurement efficiency is greatly improved. This embodiment is through carrying out optimal design to the structure of check out test set, leads to the removal of footboard assembly 2 with the help of slide rail mechanism to make it carry out the motion of replying through elastic element 8's effect, thereby for current parallelogram measuring mechanism, measuring device's structural stability and measurement accuracy have all obtained effective improvement.
Specifically, if the wheel tread is not scratched, the vertical position of the wheel tread relative to the steel rail in the whole tread circumference is unchanged, and the measurement value of the corresponding displacement sensor is also unchanged relatively; on the contrary, if the tread of the wheel is scratched or unevenly worn, the relative height from the tread to the top of the wheel rim is changed, the vertical position of the pedal assembly 2 and the steel rail is also changed relatively, and the variation of the measurement value of the displacement sensor is the scratch amount. Meanwhile, the measured value is compared with a new wheel without abrasion, and the abrasion loss of the wheel tread can be obtained.
The first sliding plate 301 is vertically displaced only when the height of the pedal assembly 2 needs to be adjusted, that is, the lifting driving mechanism 6 is operated, and when the wheel presses on the pedal assembly 2, the first sliding plate 301 remains stationary, and the pedal assembly 2 is displaced relative to the first sliding plate 301. The first sliding plate 301 is supported by an intermediate lifting drive mechanism 6, and the movement direction is limited by a sliding rail between the first sliding plate 301 and the fixed plate assembly 4. Due to processing and assembling errors, it is difficult to ensure that the displacement of the first sliding plate 301 during lifting is strictly vertical, and it is also difficult to ensure that the first sliding plate 301 does not displace when the wheel presses on the pedal assembly 2, so that when the displacement sensor is mounted on the first sliding plate 301, the measurement accuracy of the device will be affected. Therefore, the present embodiment adds the second sliding plate 302 between the first sliding plate 301 and the fixed plate assembly 4, and connects the displacement sensor to the second sliding plate 302, and the second sliding plate 302 is connected to the first sliding plate 301 through the bearing, so that when the first sliding plate 301 is tilted due to the wheel pressing on the pedal assembly 2, the second sliding plate 302 is not tilted, thereby not affecting the accuracy of data measurement. Specifically, in this embodiment, a displacement sensor mounting plate 10 is fixedly mounted above the second sliding plate 302, and the displacement sensor is fixedly connected to the displacement sensor mounting plate 10 and located above the displacement sensing plate 901.
Example 2
The structure of the wheel tread out-of-roundness detection equipment of the embodiment is basically the same as that of the embodiment 1, and the difference is mainly that: in this embodiment, both ends of the pedal assembly 2 are provided with a continuous damping mechanism, as shown in fig. 12, the continuous damping mechanism includes a push rod motor 1101, a wedge block 1105, a damper 1106, a damping base 1104 and a damping baffle 1108, wherein the wedge block 1105 is movably mounted on the damping base 1104 and is in driving connection with the push rod motor 1101, the damping baffle 1108 is fixedly mounted on the pedal assembly 2, and both ends of the damper 1106 are movably supported and pressed between the damping baffle 1108 and the wedge block 1105. After installation, the force head of the damper 1106 is in close contact with the damping flapper 1108, and the bottom of the damper is in close contact with the inclined surface of the wedge 1105.
In this embodiment, the push rod motor 1101 and the damping base 1104 are both fixedly mounted on the fixing plate assembly 4. Specifically, the push rod motor 1101 is installed on the push rod motor base 1102, the push rod motor base 1102 is fixedly connected with the fixing plate assembly, and a motor shaft of the push rod motor 1101 is fixedly connected with the wedge 1105 through the motor connecting rod 1103; a damping support 1107 is further mounted on the fixed plate assembly 4, and the damping 1106 penetrates through the damping support 1107.
When the wheel pressed in the one end of footboard assembly 2, because footboard assembly 2 both ends atress is uneven, can cause the one end displacement of footboard assembly 2 and wheel contact big, and the other end displacement is little, and whole footboard assembly 2 is the tilt state, and when the wheel rolled to the other end of footboard assembly 2, whole footboard assembly 2 leaned to another direction again to lead to displacement sensor to measure inaccurately. In order to effectively solve the above problems, in the present embodiment, continuous damping mechanisms are provided at two ends of the pedal assembly 2, and the damping continuously applies force, when a wheel presses one end of the pedal assembly 2, the push rod motor 1101 of the pedal assembly 2 corresponding to the end pushes the damping 1106 forward, and the resistance is used to continuously apply force; when the wheel rolls to the other end of the pedal assembly 2, the push rod motor 1101 at the other end of the pedal assembly 2 pulls the damper 1106 backward, so that the damper 1106 is continuously applied with force.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 12, in the damping assembly diagram at the off-center end of the scooter wheel, when the wheel rolls to the off-center end of the pedal assembly 2, the push rod motor 1101 pulls the wedge block 1105 backwards, the horizontal displacement generated by the wedge block 1105 makes the damping bottom rise, and at the same time, the pedal assembly 2 generates a downward displacement, so that the force-bearing head of the damping is compressed, thereby the damping has a continuous force-applying effect. The continuous damping assembly structure at the entry end of the pedal wheel is basically the same as the damping assembly structure at the exit end of the pedal wheel, the damping is inclined in the same direction as the wheel exit end, but the wedge block 1105 of the push rod motor 1101 is installed in the opposite direction, so that the damping is stressed when the push rod motor 1101 pushes forwards. When a wheel just presses the pedal assembly 2, the push rod motor 1101 at the inlet end of the pedal assembly 2 starts to work, and the push rod motor 1101 at the outlet end of the pedal does not work; when the wheel leaves the pedal assembly entrance end, the push rod motor at the pedal assembly 2 entrance end is restored to the initial position. When the wheel is pressed at the step assembly 2 off end, the pusher motor 1101 at the step assembly 2 off end starts to operate, and when the wheel is separated from the step assembly 2 off end, the pusher motor at the step off end returns to the initial position.
Example 3
The structure of the wheel tread out-of-roundness detection equipment of the embodiment is basically the same as that of the embodiment 2, and the difference is mainly that: as shown in fig. 5, 6-10, the lifting driving mechanism 6 includes a servo electric cylinder 601, a free end of a piston rod 602 of the servo electric cylinder 601 is fixedly connected to a connecting block 604, and the connecting block 604 is fixedly connected to the first sliding plate 301. The piston rod 602 is driven to ascend and descend by the transmission component in the cylinder body, so as to drive the first sliding plate 301 to move up and down.
Example 4
The structure of the wheel tread out-of-roundness detection equipment of the embodiment is basically the same as that of the embodiment 3, and the difference is mainly that: as shown in fig. 9 and 10, the connecting block 604 is processed into an L-shaped structure, the first sliding plate 301 is supported and mounted on the connecting block 604, and the bearing 605 is mounted in the vertical plate of the connecting block 604. Specifically, in this embodiment, a stepped hole is formed in the vertical plate of the connecting block 604, the diameter of the large hole of the stepped hole is just matched with the diameter of the bearing outer ring, and the diameter of the small hole is smaller than the diameter of the bearing outer ring, so that the stepped hole is used as a bearing retainer ring. And a bearing 605 is arranged in the step hole, a bearing pin is correspondingly arranged in the second sliding plate 302, and the bearing pin is inserted into the bearing 605 and hinged with the connecting block 604. The first sliding plate 301 tilts bringing the connecting block 604 together, but the articulation of the bearing 605 may keep the second sliding plate 302 from tilting. The second sliding plate 302 is provided with fifth sliding rails 705 at both ends thereof, the sliding block portion of the fifth sliding rails 705 is connected with the second sliding plate 302, and the guide rail portion thereof is connected with the fixed plate assembly 4. Therefore, when the servo electric cylinder is lifted, the second sliding plate 302 can be driven to be lifted together.
Example 5
The structure of the wheel tread out-of-roundness detection device of this embodiment is substantially the same as that of embodiment 4, and further, as shown in fig. 9, a connecting block 604 is screwed to the free end of the piston rod 602 and is fastened by a connecting nut 603. The piston rod 602 is provided with a coupling nut 603 in advance, and after the piston rod 602 is coupled to the connection block 604, the coupling nut 603 is screwed up, thereby tightly fixing the piston rod 602 and the connection block 604.
Example 6
The structure of the wheel tread out-of-roundness detection device of this embodiment is substantially the same as that of embodiment 4, and further, as shown in fig. 10 and 11, a connecting lug 606 is formed at the bottom of the connecting block 604, a pin shaft hole is correspondingly formed at the free end of the piston rod 602, and the connecting block 604 is hinged to the free end of the piston rod 602 through a pin shaft 607.
When the connecting block 604 and the piston rod 602 are in threaded connection, due to the fact that the fit clearance of the bolts is large, when the wheel presses the pedal assembly, the first sliding plate is unstable, based on the situation, the connecting mode of the servo electric cylinder and the sliding plate is changed in the embodiment, the threads on the piston rod 602 are changed into hinge holes, the piston rod 602 is hinged to the connecting block 604 through a pin shaft, and the pin shaft is in interference fit with the connecting block 604 and the piston rod 602, so that the fit clearance during hinging is eliminated. The pin shaft is also provided with two bolt holes, after the piston rod, the connecting block and the pin shaft are connected, the pin shaft and the connecting block 604 are fixed through the two bolt holes on the pin shaft, and the connecting block 604 and the first sliding plate 301 are fixed through bolts, so that the structural stability of the whole device is improved, and the impact effect of the wheel on the measuring device is effectively reduced.
Example 7
The structure of the wheel tread out-of-roundness detection equipment of the embodiment is basically the same as that of the embodiment 4, and the difference is mainly that: the slide rail mechanisms between the first sliding plate 301 and the pedal assembly 2 are obliquely installed relative to the first sliding plate 301, and the slide rail mechanisms between the first sliding plate 301 and the fixed plate assembly 4, as well as between the second sliding plate 302 and the fixed plate assembly 4, are both vertically installed relative to the first sliding plate 301, so that the structural stability of the whole device is improved, and the impact of the wheels on the measuring device is effectively reduced.
Example 8
The structure of the wheel tread out-of-roundness detection equipment of the embodiment is basically the same as that of the embodiment 7, and the difference is mainly that: referring to fig. 1, 2 and 3, the fixing plate assembly 4 includes a main fixing plate 401, end fixing plates 402 disposed at two ends of the main fixing plate 401, and an upper sealing plate 403 disposed on top of the main fixing plate 401, wherein the main fixing plate 401, the end fixing plates 402 and the upper sealing plate 403 together surround to form a box-type structure; the first sliding plate 301 is slidably connected with the pedal assembly 2 through a first sliding rail 701, slidably connected with the main fixing plate 401 through a second sliding rail 702, and slidably connected with the end fixing plate 402 through a third sliding rail 703; an intermediate fixing plate 404 is further disposed between the first sliding plate 301 and the pedal assembly 2, and the first sliding plate 301 and the intermediate fixing plate 404 are slidably connected through a fourth sliding rail 704.
The method for detecting out-of-roundness of the wheel tread comprises the following steps:
step one, adjusting the height of a pedal assembly: according to the rim height of the train wheel to be detected, the lifting driving mechanism 6 drives the first sliding plate 301 to lift, at the moment, no relative motion exists between the pedal assembly 2 and the first sliding plate 301 and between the pedal assembly 2 and the second sliding plate 302, the pedal assembly 2 and the second sliding plate 302 lift synchronously along with the first sliding plate 301, and when the pedal assembly 2 lifts to a specified position, the lifting driving mechanism 6 stops working;
step two, the wheel detection process: when a wheel presses the pedal assembly 2, the pedal assembly 2 is pressed by the wheel rim to generate displacement in a direction obliquely downward along the slide rail, in the descending process of the pedal assembly 2, the first sliding plate 301 and the second sliding plate 302 are kept stationary relative to the fixed plate assembly 4, at this time, the displacement sensor generates relative displacement relative to the displacement sensing plate 901, and the displacement of the pedal assembly 2 pressed by the wheel rim when the wheel passes is obtained through conversion; the radial run-out condition of the train wheel tread can be obtained by processing the data acquired by the displacement sensor in the perimeter of the whole wheel tread;
step three, when the wheels leave, the pedal assembly 2 is restored to the initial position under the action of the elastic element 8; at this time, the lifting driving mechanism 6 continues to start to drive the pedal assembly 2 to descend to a specified position, no matter what the rim height of the passing wheel is, the rim of the wheel cannot press the pedal assembly 2.
Example 9
The structure of the wheel tread out-of-roundness detection equipment of the embodiment is basically the same as that of the embodiment 8, and the difference is mainly that: the bottom of the track 1 is fixedly provided with a bottom plate assembly 2, and the detection equipment (a fixed plate assembly 4 and a lifting driving mechanism 6) is arranged on the bottom plate assembly 2.
As shown in fig. 13, the bottom plate assembly 5 of this embodiment includes a bottom support plate 501, a first rail pressing plate 502 and a second rail pressing plate 508 are disposed on the bottom support plate 501, the first rail pressing plate 502 is fixedly connected to the bottom support plate 501 through a pressing plate bolt 503, and two sides of the bottom of the track 1 are respectively pressed and fixed between the first rail pressing plate 502, the second rail pressing plate 508 and the bottom support plate 501; the bottom support plate 501 is further provided with a pressing plate nut 504, a seam which is profiled with the side edge of the bottom of the track 1 is processed on the pressing plate nut 504, and the pressing plate nut 504 is fixedly connected with a fixing lug 506 at the bottom of the bottom support plate 501 through a pull rod bolt 505. When the pull rod bolt 505 fastens the pressing plate nut 504 through the fixing lug 506, the nip distance between the pressing plate nut 504 and the second rail pressing plate 508 is reduced, so that the bottom plate assembly 5 and the steel rail are tightly fixed together; the bottom support plate 501 is then further fastened to the rail by the platen bolts 503 and the first rail platen 502. In this embodiment, the two sides of the bottom supporting plate 501 are further provided with reinforcing ribs 507, the bottom supporting plate 501 and the reinforcing ribs 507 are integrated, and a casting or welding mode can be adopted to ensure the integral rigidity of the mechanism so as to meet the requirement of the measurement accuracy of the whole mechanism.
Example 10
The structure of the wheel tread out-of-roundness detection equipment of the embodiment is basically the same as that of the embodiment 8, and the difference is mainly that: the installation direction of the elastic element 8 is parallel to the installation direction of the sliding rail mechanism between the first sliding plate 301 and the pedal assembly 2, the elastic element 8 is of a tension spring or compression spring structure, the specific elastic element 8 includes but is not limited to a spiral spring, a gas spring, a liquid spring, a leaf spring, a rubber spring and the like, and different support seats can be manufactured according to the appearance and the use requirements of the element, as long as the follow-up elastic connection between the pedal 2 and the sliding plate 3 can be realized.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 14 and 15, the elastic element 8 of the present embodiment is a tension spring, two ends of the tension spring are provided with spring hooks, the pedal assembly 2 and the first sliding plate 301 are respectively provided with a spring pin 804 (the height of the spring pin on the pedal assembly 2 is lower than that of the spring pin on the first sliding plate 301), the spring pin 804 is respectively provided with a hook groove 805 corresponding to the spring hook, and two ends of the tension spring are respectively hooked and installed in the spring hook grooves through the spring hooks. When the wheel rolls on the pedal assembly 2, the pedal assembly 2 moves downward, thereby stretching the elastic member 8 downward, and when the wheel gradually leaves the pedal, the pedal assembly 2 gradually recovers under the action of the elastic member 8.
Example 11
The structure of the wheel tread out-of-roundness detection equipment of the embodiment is basically the same as that of the embodiment 8, and the difference is mainly that: as shown in fig. 7, the elastic element 8 of this embodiment is a compression spring, one end of the compression spring is fixedly mounted on the first sliding plate 301 through an elastic element support 801, the pedal assembly 2 is provided with an elastic element support plate 803 corresponding to the other end of the compression spring (the height of the elastic element support plate 803 is greater than the height of the elastic element support 801), an elastic element adjusting plate 802 is correspondingly disposed on the first sliding plate 301 above the elastic element support plate 803, a threaded hole is processed on the elastic element adjusting plate 802, a jackscrew passes through the threaded hole and butts against the elastic element support plate 803, i.e., the jackscrew is used to adjust the pre-pressure of the spring, and after being adjusted to a predetermined position, the jackscrew is tightened by using a nut (omitted in. When the wheel rolls on the pedal assembly 2, the pedal assembly 2 drives the elastic member supporting plate 803 to move downward, thereby further compressing the elastic member 8, and when the wheel gradually leaves the pedal, the pedal assembly 2 gradually recovers under the action of the elastic member 8.
Example 12
As shown in fig. 3, the structure of the wheel tread out-of-roundness detecting apparatus of this embodiment is substantially the same as that of embodiment 11, and the main differences are that: the pedal assembly 2 of the present embodiment includes a pedal 201 and a pedal support plate 202, the pedal 201 being mounted on the pedal support plate 202; the displacement sensing plate 901, the first slide rail 701, the elastic member supporting plate 803 or the spring pin 804 are all mounted on the pedal supporting plate 202. The pedal is in a long strip shape, the length of the pedal is determined according to the number of actually arranged measuring mechanisms (arranged in a segmented mode), and the total length of the pedals of the plurality of detecting mechanisms is not less than the circumference of the tread of the wheel.
The present invention and its embodiments have been described above schematically, without limitation, and what is shown in the drawings is only one of the embodiments of the present invention, and the actual structure is not limited thereto. Therefore, if the person skilled in the art receives the teaching, without departing from the spirit of the invention, the person skilled in the art shall not inventively design the similar structural modes and embodiments to the technical solution, but shall fall within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a wheel tread non-circularity check out test set which characterized in that: the device comprises a pedal assembly (2), a first sliding plate (301), a second sliding plate (302) and a fixed plate assembly (4) which are arranged on the inner side of a track (1) and are parallel to each other, wherein the first sliding plate (301) is connected with the pedal assembly (2) and the fixed plate assembly (4) and the second sliding plate (302) is connected with the fixed plate assembly (4) in a sliding mode through a sliding rail mechanism, the second sliding plate (302) is connected with the first sliding plate (301) through a bearing, and the first sliding plate (301) is connected with a lifting driving mechanism (6) and is also connected with the pedal assembly (2) through an elastic element (8); the pedal assembly (2) is provided with a displacement sensing plate (901), and the second sliding plate (302) is correspondingly provided with a displacement sensor.
2. The apparatus for detecting out-of-roundness of a wheel tread according to claim 1, wherein: both ends of footboard assembly (2) all are equipped with and last damping mechanism, should last damping mechanism including push rod motor (1101), wedge (1105), damping (1106), damping base (1104) and damping baffle (1108), wherein, wedge (1105) movable mounting is on damping base (1104) and links to each other with push rod motor (1101) drive, damping baffle (1108) fixed mounting is on footboard assembly (2), and the both ends movable support of damping (1106) is suppressed between damping baffle (1108) and wedge (1105).
3. The apparatus for detecting out-of-roundness of a wheel tread according to claim 2, wherein: the push rod motor (1101) and the damping base (1104) are both fixedly arranged on the fixing plate assembly (4), and a motor shaft of the push rod motor (1101) is fixedly connected with the wedge block (1105) through a motor connecting rod (1103); the fixing plate assembly (4) is further provided with a damping support (1107), and the damping (1106) penetrates through the damping support (1107).
4. A wheel tread out-of-roundness detection apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the lifting driving mechanism (6) comprises a servo electric cylinder (601), the free end of a piston rod (602) of the servo electric cylinder (601) is fixedly connected with a connecting block (604), and the connecting block (604) is fixedly connected with the first sliding plate (301).
5. The apparatus for detecting out-of-roundness of a wheel tread according to claim 4, wherein: a bearing (605) is installed in the connecting block (604), a bearing pin is correspondingly arranged in the second sliding plate (302), and the bearing pin is inserted into the bearing (605) and hinged with the connecting block (604); furthermore, the connecting block (604) is processed into an L-shaped structure, the first sliding plate (301) is supported and installed on the connecting block (604), and the bearing (605) is installed in the vertical plate of the connecting block (604).
6. The apparatus for detecting out-of-roundness of a wheel tread according to claim 4, wherein: the bottom of the connecting block (604) is provided with a connecting lug (606), the free end of the piston rod (602) is correspondingly processed with a pin shaft hole, and the connecting block (604) is hinged with the free end of the piston rod (602) through a pin shaft (607).
7. A wheel tread out-of-roundness detection apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the sliding rail mechanisms between the first sliding plate (301) and the pedal assembly (2) are obliquely arranged relative to the first sliding plate (301), and the sliding rail mechanisms between the first sliding plate (301) and the fixed plate assembly (4) and between the second sliding plate (302) and the fixed plate assembly (4) are vertically arranged relative to the first sliding plate (301).
8. A wheel tread out-of-roundness detection apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the fixing plate assembly (4) comprises a main fixing plate (401), end fixing plates (402) positioned at two ends of the main fixing plate (401) and an upper sealing plate (403) positioned at the top of the main fixing plate (401), wherein the main fixing plate (401), the end fixing plates (402) and the upper sealing plate (403) jointly surround to form a box-type structure; the first sliding plate (301) is connected with the pedal assembly (2) in a sliding mode through a first sliding rail (701), connected with the main fixing plate (401) in a sliding mode through a second sliding rail (702), and connected with the end fixing plate (402) in a sliding mode through a third sliding rail (703); an intermediate fixing plate (404) is further arranged between the first sliding plate (301) and the pedal assembly (2), and the first sliding plate (301) is connected with the intermediate fixing plate (404) in a sliding mode through a fourth sliding rail (704).
9. A wheel tread out-of-roundness detection apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: a bottom plate assembly (2) is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the track (1), and the detection equipment is arranged on the bottom plate assembly (2); the installation direction of the elastic element (8) is parallel to the installation direction of a sliding rail mechanism between the first sliding plate (301) and the pedal assembly (2), and the elastic element adopts a tension spring or pressure spring structure.
10. A method for detecting out-of-roundness of a wheel tread is characterized by comprising the following steps: the process is as follows:
step one, adjusting the height of a pedal assembly: according to the wheel rim height of a train wheel to be detected, the first sliding plate (301) is driven to lift through the lifting driving mechanism (6), at the moment, no relative motion exists between the pedal assembly (2) and the first sliding plate (301) and between the pedal assembly and the second sliding plate (302), the pedal assembly (2) and the second sliding plate (302) are lifted synchronously along with the first sliding plate (301), and when the pedal assembly (2) is lifted to a specified position, the lifting driving mechanism (6) stops working at the moment;
step two, the wheel detection process: when a wheel presses the pedal assembly (2), the pedal assembly (2) is pressed down by the wheel rim to generate displacement in a direction obliquely downward along the sliding rail, in the descending process of the pedal assembly (2), the first sliding plate (301) and the second sliding plate (302) are kept stationary relative to the fixed plate assembly (4), at the moment, the displacement sensor generates relative displacement relative to the displacement sensing plate (901), and the displacement of the pedal assembly (2) pressed down by the wheel rim when the wheel passes is obtained through conversion; the radial run-out condition of the train wheel tread can be obtained by processing the data acquired by the displacement sensor in the perimeter of the whole wheel tread;
when the wheels leave, the pedal assembly (2) is restored to the initial position under the action of the elastic element (8); at the moment, the lifting driving mechanism (6) continues to start to work, the driving pedal assembly (2) descends to a specified position, and no matter what the height of the rim of the passing wheel is, the rim of the passing wheel cannot be pressed onto the pedal assembly (2).
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