CN110962400A - 隔音装置 - Google Patents

隔音装置 Download PDF

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CN110962400A
CN110962400A CN201811153793.5A CN201811153793A CN110962400A CN 110962400 A CN110962400 A CN 110962400A CN 201811153793 A CN201811153793 A CN 201811153793A CN 110962400 A CN110962400 A CN 110962400A
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sound
plate
absorbing
acoustic baffle
base
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黄永豪
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Jiadi Acoustic Technology Co Ltd
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Jiadi Acoustic Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

一种隔音装置,包含以纤维材料制成的附加电路板,及至少一片以聚合物制成且设置于所述附加电路板上的吸音板,整体重量较金属要轻。所述吸音板包括数个连续连接的构成单元,及数个贯穿设置于所述构成单元的孔洞。每一个构成单元具有第一基部、两个分别自所述第一基部的两侧边朝彼此倾斜延伸的衔接部,及连接于其中一个衔接部的第二基部。所述构成单元共同界定数个沿所述第一方向排列的吸音空间,每一个吸音空间具有由两相邻的第一基部或第二基部所界定出的开口。调整所述开口的宽度、所述吸音空间的高度,及所述第一基部、第二基部的宽度,能调整适用的隔音频率。

Description

隔音装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种隔音装置,特别是涉及一种能用于施工现场或其他会产生噪音的现场,以吸收噪音的隔音装置。
背景技术
参阅图1,为一现有的隔音垫1,能搭设在施工现场或其他会产生噪音的现场,可利用吸收、反射等方式,用于降低与隔绝噪音,并减少噪音自所述噪音现场向外传出。所述隔音垫1包括间隔相对的一第一纤维层11与一第二纤维层12、一位于所述第一纤维层11与所述第二纤维层12间的金属层10,及一包覆所述金属层10、所述第一纤维层11,及所述第二纤维层12的外覆布13。
因为产生噪音的现场通常会发出不只一种频率的噪音,故若要达成较佳的吸音、隔音效果,则必须因应不同频率范围的噪音进行设计。其中,所述隔音垫1的第一纤维层11的纤维密度与所述第二纤维层12的纤维密度不同,借此可以针对噪音现场发出的不同频率范围的噪音,分别产生吸收效果,而所述金属层10则是用于对噪音产生部分的反射作用。当噪音传递至所述第一纤维层11时,有一部分在特定频率范围的噪音会因所述第一纤维层11的多孔性质而被吸收,接着噪音传递至所述金属层10,又有一部分的声音能量会被反射,借此增加噪音被所述第一纤维层11吸收的几率,同时也通过将声音能量反射回产生噪音的现场,达成隔绝噪音的效果。另一方面,能穿透所述金属层10的特定频率范围的声音能量,则会由所述第二纤维层12吸收。
然而,针对大范围的产生噪音的现场,必须将所述隔音垫1制造为较大的面积,才能确实产生隔音效果,但所述金属层10的重量较重,在制造为较大的面积时,过重的重量会在建置所述隔音垫1时造成相当的困扰。另外,针对可能发出更多种不同频率范围噪音的环境,若希望增广所述隔音垫1所能吸收的频率范围,只能尝试额外新增不同纤维密度的纤维层,除了难以确实就特定频率范围进行针对性的吸收以外,也无法参数化地进行准确的调整,还有可能使得所述隔音垫1增加厚度、重量。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种重量较轻且易于依据噪音的频率范围进行针对性调整的隔音装置。
本发明隔音装置,包含以纤维材料制成的载板,及至少一片以聚合物制成,并设置于所述载板上的吸音板。所述吸音板包括数个沿第一方向连续连接的构成单元,以及数个贯穿设置于所述构成单元的孔洞。
定义横交于所述第一方向的第二方向,以及垂直于所述第一方向与所述第二方向的第三方向。每一个构成单元具有第一基部、两个衔接部,及第二基部。所述第一基部沿所述第二方向延伸并具有两个沿所述第一方向间隔排列的侧边,所述衔接部沿所述第二方向延伸,且分别自所述第一基部的所述侧边沿所述第三方向朝彼此倾斜延伸,而所述第二基部是沿所述第二方向延伸并连接于所述衔接部的其中一个。其中,每一个衔接部具有连接相对应的所述侧边的第一边缘,以及相反于所述第一边缘的第二边缘,而每一个第二基部连接于所述衔接部的其中一个的所述第二边缘,与相邻的另一个构成单元的相邻近的所述衔接部的所述第二边缘间。
所述构成单元共同界定数个沿所述第一方向间隔排列的吸音空间,每一个吸音空间具有由任两个相邻的第一基部或任两个相邻的第二基部所界定出的开口。
本发明的目的及解决其技术问题还可采用以下技术措施进一步实现。
较佳地,前述隔音装置,其中,所述的隔音装置还包含设置于所述载板与所述吸音板间的孔板,所述孔板具有多个呈贯穿状的通孔,每一个通孔的孔径大于所述吸音板的孔洞。
较佳地,前述隔音装置,其中,所述孔板的通孔的孔径为10毫米至20毫米。
较佳地,前述隔音装置,其中,所述载板的材质为聚酯纤维、碳纤维,或玻璃纤维。
较佳地,前述隔音装置,其中,所述载板的厚度为40毫米至50毫米。
较佳地,前述隔音装置,其中,所述吸音板的孔洞的孔径为10微米至250微米。
较佳地,前述隔音装置,其中,所述吸音板的材质为聚对苯二甲酸。
较佳地,前述隔音装置,其中,所述吸音板的厚度为0.2毫米至0.3毫米。
较佳地,前述隔音装置,其中,所述的隔音装置还包含设置于所述吸音板相反于所述载板的一侧的隔音胶层,所述隔音胶层的材质是选自沥青、橡胶、三元乙丙橡胶、聚氯乙烯、氯化聚乙烯及此等的其中一种组合。
较佳地,前述隔音装置,其中,所述的隔音装置还包含包覆于所述载板与所述吸音板***的包覆体,及数个形成于所述包覆体上的连接件,所述包覆体是选自帆布、防水布、阻燃布及此等的其中一种组合。
本发明的有益的效果在于:所述第一基部及所述第二基部沿所述第一方向的宽度、所述开口沿所述第一方向的宽度,以及所述吸音空间沿所述第三方向的高度,得以配合欲吸收的噪音频率而调整,借此使所述吸音空间的型态能针对特定范围的噪音频率,将噪音的声能转换为热能而达成吸收噪音的效果,而且所述吸音板还具有轻量的优点。
附图说明
图1是一剖视图,说明一现有的隔音垫;
图2是一剖视图,说明本发明隔音装置的一第一实施例;
图3是一立体分解图,说明所述第一实施例的一载板及一吸音板;
图4是一侧视图,说明所述吸音板的多个构成单元;
图5是一俯视图,说明所述第一实施例的多个连接件;
图6是一示意图,说明所述吸音板的其中一个构成单元的调整方式;
图7是一立体分解图,说明本发明隔音装置的一第二实施例的所述载板与两个所述吸音板;
图8是一剖视图,说明本发明隔音装置的一第三实施例;
图9是一立体分解图,说明所述第三实施例的部分组件;及
图10是一立体分解图,说明本发明隔音装置的一第四实施例的所述载板、两个所述吸音板与一孔板。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图及实施例对本发明进行详细说明。
参阅图2至图4,本发明隔音装置的一第一实施例,包含一以纤维材料制成的载板2、一以聚合物制成并设置于所述载板2上的吸音板3、一包覆于所述载板2与所述吸音板3***的包覆体8,及数个设置于所述包覆体8上的连接件9(绘示于图5)。其中,所述载板2的材质为聚酯纤维、碳纤维,或玻璃纤维,使所述第一实施例能因而具有一定程度的刚性。所述载板2用于承载所述吸音板3,所述载板2的厚度为40毫米至50毫米。
所述吸音板3的材质较佳为聚对苯二甲酸,而所述吸音板3未弯折前的板片厚度为0.2毫米至0.3毫米,配合所述载板2的材质,使所述第一实施例的重量相较于使用金属而言要轻上许多,有利于运送以及使用。
所述吸音板3包括数个沿一第一方向D1连续连接的构成单元31,以及数个贯穿设置于所述构成单元31的顶面与底面的孔洞300。其中,所述吸音板3的孔洞300的孔径为10微米至250微米,由于声音的能量为一种纵波,当声能传递至所述孔洞300时,声能的波型会因所述孔洞300而被破坏,故声能会使所述孔洞300中的空气以及所述构成单元31产生振动,而振动则会因而将声能的部分能量转换为热能,故能借此吸收部分的声能。
定义一横交于所述第一方向D1的第二方向D2,以及一垂直于所述第一方向D1与所述第二方向D2的第三方向D3。每一构成单元31具有一第一基部311、二个衔接部319,及一第二基部312。所述第一基部311沿所述第二方向D2水平延伸并具有两个沿所述第一方向D1间隔排列的侧边313。所述衔接部319沿所述第二方向D2延伸,且分别自所述第一基部311的所述侧边313沿所述第三方向D3朝彼此倾斜延伸。每一衔接部319具有一连接相对应的所述侧边313的第一边缘314,以及一相反于所述第一边缘314的第二边缘315。所述第二基部312沿所述第二方向D2延伸,并连接于所述衔接部319的其中的一个,且朝相邻的另一构成单元31延伸。具体而言,每一构成单元31的所述第二基部312连接于所述衔接部319的其中一个的所述第二边缘315,与相邻的另一构成单元31的相邻近的所述衔接部319的所述第二边缘315间。
所述构成单元31共同界定数个沿所述第一方向D1间隔排列的吸音空间310,每一吸音空间310具有一由任两个相邻的第一基部311或任两个相邻的第二基部312所界定出的开口301。
要特别说明的是,所述吸音板3原本是一呈水平状的板片,在进行加工时,是先进行打孔作业以形成所述孔洞300,接着再进行弯折的加工,使所述吸音板3能呈现如图4所呈现的型态。
所述包覆体8是选自帆布81、阻燃布82、及防水布83此等的其中一种组合。在所述第一实施例中,是先以帆布81包覆所述载板2相反于所述吸音板3的一侧,接着将阻燃布82设置于所述帆布81的外侧,接着使用防水布83自所述吸音板3的外侧包覆至所述阻燃布82的至少一部分。借此除了固定所述载板2及所述吸音板3的相对位置以外,还能使所述第一实施例产生防火、防水的功效。另参阅图5,所述连接件9是用于使多个第一实施例彼此连接,在本实施例中是采用穿孔的形式,能配合绳索而连结多个所述第一实施例。但在实际实施时,也能依据需求衡量,选择采用扣件、魔鬼毡、勾设件等等的组件,并不以穿孔的形式为限。
本发明使用时,可利用吊挂、覆盖等方式,设置于产生噪音的现场。其中所述吸音板3的吸音效果与所述吸音空间310尺寸及第一基部311、第二基部312等组件尺寸有关,因此欲通过所述第一实施例吸收特定频率的噪音时,由于声速等于频率乘以波长,且在特定温度下声速为定值,故得以通过波长的参数来探讨频率与每一吸音空间310的关系。设定以特定频率通过声速关系式转换的波长为Df、每一第一基部311或每一第二基部312沿所述第一方向D1的宽度为W,而所述吸音空间310沿所述第三方向D3的高度为dn。以基本几何与拓扑和序列及数列的计算方式,表示所述吸音空间310与适用频率的关系,先设定一和所述吸音空间310沿所述第三方向D3的高度dn相关的序列Sn,而Sn的主要拓扑关系式如下所列。
Sn=n2mod(p),其中mod(p)为模数函数,而n为正整数,p则为正质数。
接着,以dn=Sn规(Df/2p)的关系,即可以得到对应特定波长的吸音空间310的高度参数,借此即可依据特定波长的声音频率值,调整所述吸音空间310沿所述第三方向D3的高度。另外,有关所述第一基部311或所述第二基部312沿所述第一方向D1的宽度W,申请人则依照经验法则与实际实验,归纳出宽度W为不大于0.5Df的范围,且较佳是等于0.137Df。参阅图4并配合图3,值得说明的是,在宽度W已设定的情况下,由于所述吸音板3未弯折前沿所述第一方向D1的长度为固定值,故以改变弯折形式来调整高度dn时,所述衔接部319相对于所述第一基部311或所述第二基部312弯折的角度势必改变,则所述开口301沿所述第一方向D1的距离会随着改变。也就是说,高度dn与所述开口301沿所述第一方向D1的距离相关,故亦可通过调整所述开口301沿所述第一方向D1的距离X来改变高度dn,借此配合欲吸收的噪音频率而进行调整。
所述第一基部311及所述第二基部312沿所述第一方向D1的宽度、所述开口301沿所述第一方向D1的宽度,以及所述吸音空间310沿所述第三方向D3的高度,得以通过上述关系式,依据需求而配合欲吸收的噪音频率进行调整。参阅图6并配合图4,由于所述吸音板3的吸音空间310与各部位结构是透过弯折一水平板片而得到,因此用户可依据噪音频率来改变弯折出的各部位的尺寸参数、倾斜角度等,借此使所述吸音空间310的型态及所述吸音板3的结构能针对特定范围的噪音频率,因此本发明能方便地针对不同噪音频率进行结构调整,将噪音的声能转换为热能而达成良好的吸收噪音效果。而且,所述吸音板3为聚合物制成,而不采用金属,还具有轻量的优点,有利于运送和使用。
参阅图7,为本发明隔音装置的一第二实施例,所述第二实施例与所述第一实施例的差别在于:所述第二实施例包含两片吸音板3,所述吸音板3是彼此叠置。通过另一片吸音板3,能额外针对其他范围进行调整,使两片吸音板3各自针对不同频率范围的噪音进行吸收,使所述第二实施例吸收更广频率范围的噪音,应用上更加灵活方便。
参阅图8与图9,为本发明隔音装置的一第三实施例,所述第三实施例与所述第二实施例的差别在于:所述第三实施例还包含一设置于所述吸音板3相反于所述载板2的一侧的隔音胶层4,所述隔音胶层4的材质是选自沥青、橡胶、三元乙丙橡胶、聚氯乙烯、氯化聚乙烯及此等的其中一种组合。所述第三实施例与所述第二实施例同样包含所述吸音板3,故得以与所述第二实施例达成相同的功效。除此以外,通过所述隔音胶层4,能先行吸收部分的声能,以辅助所述吸音板3而使所述第三实施例能发挥优良的隔音效果。
参阅图10,为本发明隔音装置的一第四实施例,所述第四实施例与所述第二实施例的差别在于,所述第四实施例还包括一设置于所述载板2与靠近所述载板2的所述吸音板3间的孔板5,所述孔板5具有多数个呈贯穿状的通孔51,每一通孔51的孔径大于所述吸音板3的孔洞300的孔径。其中,所述孔板5的通孔51的孔径为10毫米至20毫米,特别适用于吸收频率较低,也就是波长较长的声音能量,并将部分的声能转换为热能,使得所述第四实施例针对更广频率范围的噪音产生较佳的隔音效果。
要补充说明的是,所述孔板5也可以搭配应用于所述第一实施例中,也就是说,所述孔板5也可以与一个所述吸音板3配合使用,不以本实施例与两个所述吸音板3配合使用为限制。
以下提供采用标准隔音量的检测方式对本发明进行检测,依据ISO10140-2:2010的标准,在声源室体积为88.6立方米,而接收室体积为67.9立方米的条件下对隔音量检测。主要由如下公式进行检测:
R=L1-L2+10log10(S/A)→式(1)
R:隔音量
L1:声源室内平均声压级(分贝)
L2:接收室内平均声压级(分贝)
S:样品面积(平方米)
A:接收室内吸音量(平方米)
其中,由赛宾公式得混响室吸音量
A=0.16V/T→式(2)
V:接收室体积(立方米)
T:接收室混响时间(秒)
在样品面积为2.25平方米的情况下执行检测,针对各个不同频率的声音的隔音量结果如下表1:
Figure BDA0001818455310000081
由结果可见,本发明不但确实具有一定的隔音能力,且对于低频率的声音具有相对更佳的隔音效果。

Claims (10)

1.一种隔音装置;其特征在于:所述隔音装置包含:
载板,以纤维材料制成;及
至少一片吸音板,以聚合物制成,设置于所述载板上,并包括数个沿第一方向连续连接的构成单元,以及数个贯穿设置于所述构成单元的孔洞,每一个构成单元具有
第一基部,沿横交于所述第一方向的第二方向延伸,并具有两个沿所述第一方向间隔排列的侧边,
两个衔接部,沿所述第二方向延伸,且分别自所述第一基部的所述侧边沿垂直所述第一方向与第二方向的第三方向朝彼此倾斜延伸,每一个衔接部具有连接相对应的所述侧边的第一边缘,以及相反于所述第一边缘的第二边缘,及
第二基部,沿所述第二方向延伸,并连接于所述衔接部的其中一个的所述第二边缘,与相邻的另一个构成单元的相邻近的所述衔接部的所述第二边缘间;
所述构成单元共同界定数个沿所述第一方向间隔排列的吸音空间,每一个吸音空间具有由任两个相邻的第一基部或任两个相邻的第二基部所界定出的开口。
2.根据权利要求1所述的隔音装置,其特征在于:所述的隔音装置还包含设置于所述载板与所述吸音板间的孔板,所述孔板具有多个呈贯穿状的通孔,每一个通孔的孔径大于所述吸音板的孔洞。
3.根据权利要求2所述的隔音装置,其特征在于:所述孔板的通孔的孔径为10毫米至20毫米。
4.根据权利要求1所述的隔音装置,其特征在于:所述载板的材质为聚酯纤维、碳纤维,或玻璃纤维。
5.根据权利要求1所述的隔音装置,其特征在于:所述载板的厚度为40毫米至50毫米。
6.根据权利要求1所述的隔音装置,其特征在于:所述吸音板的孔洞的孔径为10微米至250微米。
7.根据权利要求1所述的隔音装置,其特征在于:所述吸音板的材质为聚对苯二甲酸。
8.根据权利要求1所述的隔音装置,其特征在于:所述吸音板的厚度为0.2毫米至0.3毫米。
9.根据权利要求1所述的隔音装置,其特征在于:所述的隔音装置还包含设置于所述吸音板相反于所述载板的一侧的隔音胶层,所述隔音胶层的材质是选自沥青、橡胶、三元乙丙橡胶、聚氯乙烯、氯化聚乙烯及此等的其中一种组合。
10.根据权利要求1所述的隔音装置,其特征在于:所述的隔音装置还包含包覆于所述载板与所述吸音板***的包覆体,及数个形成于所述包覆体上的连接件,所述包覆体是选自帆布、防水布、阻燃布及此等的其中一种组合。
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