CN110959488A - Cultivation method of konjak - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a konjak cultivation method, which comprises the following steps: (1) site selection and soil preparation; (2) seed selection and disinfection; (3) sowing in due time; (4) weeding at proper time; (5) performing intercropping covering; (6) scientifically fertilizing; (7) the medicament can prevent diseases; (8) harvesting in due time; (9) and (5) instantly supplementing fertilizer. The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the cultivation method of the konjak, the average disease incidence of the konjak is reduced to 25.6%, the utilization rate of land suitable for planting the konjak is increased, the planting time on unit area of land is prolonged, the labor time of farmers is reduced, and the labor intensity of the farmers is relieved.

Description

Cultivation method of konjak

Technical Field

The invention relates to a cultivation method of konjak.

Background

The konjak is a perennial herb monocotyledon of the Araceae, the underground stem of the konjak is rich in glucomannan, pectin, alkaloid, starch, 17 amino acids and a plurality of trace elements, the konjak is the only plant which is found at present and contains a large amount of glucomannan, and the glucomannan has a plurality of unique physicochemical properties of water solubility, water retention, thickening, stability, suspension, gel, bonding and the like, so the konjak can be used in the industries of medical treatment, chemical industry, food, petroleum, textile and the like and has very wide market prospect. Due to market demands, a large area of konjak is planted in various places, but the common konjak cultivation method has high requirements on land, the land for planting the konjak is not cultivated with cultivated land of solanaceae or vegetable crops such as konjak, vegetables, flue-cured tobacco, potatoes, radishes and the like in the previous stubble, and the crop rotation period is 3-5 years, so that the land suitable for planting the konjak is few, and the planting base land is unstable. In addition, in the common cultivation method of the konjak, the seed konjak can be subjected to the links of harvesting, sorting, transporting, storing and sowing, the seed konjak is easy to be damaged and rotten in the links, even the soft rot is frequently outbreak due to the spread of pathogenic bacteria in the links, the loss caused by the soft rot is generally 30% -50%, the loss of the soft rot can reach 80% in case of serious conditions, even the soft rot is not harvested, and an effective prevention and control method is not available at present. The lack of suitable land for planting konjak and the loss caused by the outbreak of soft rot have already severely limited the development of konjak planting industry.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a konjak cultivation method.

The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

a cultivation method of konjak is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) site selection and soil preparation: konjak is fond of temperature and shade resistance, is afraid of strong light and waterlogging, is planted in 80-100 cm compartment-by-compartment ridging and deep-furrows, waist furrows and straight furrows with the depth of 70 cm and the width of 50 cm by selecting semi-shady, warm and moist neutral meta-acid land rich in organic humus, convenient irrigation and drainage and loose and fertile soil; 570 kg of quicklime is applied to the whole land, the quicklime is uniformly spread, and lime can be spread for three times after seedling emergence to sterilize and remove bacteria, wherein 25-30 kg of the quicklime is applied each time;

(2) seed selection and disinfection: screening seed yams with uniform size, flat upper port, small dental fossa, normal color, full body, no damage, rotten mildew and diseases and insect pests; spreading and drying taro seeds in the sun before the seeds fall in the middle of the sun, spraying water for disinfection, sticking powder medicines on clothes, and sowing the taro seeds in the sun after the taro seeds are turned over and dried for 2-3 days, wherein the principle of no planting in rainy days is adhered;

(3) timely sowing: planting winter seeds and spring seeds, namely planting the seeds from winter to grain rain, wherein the seeds must be planted in a sunny day, the main teeth and the ports are upward when the seeds are planted, the large seed taros need to be obliquely placed to prevent the stem block from rotting due to water accumulation in the bud pits, the covering soil is preferably 5-8 inches thick, the sowing time is properly delayed in a place with high altitude, and the sowing time is advanced in a place with low altitude;

(4) weeding at proper time: the glyphosate is used for removing grass once before the emergence of the seedlings, namely 5 months and 1 day and one week after the emergence of the seedlings, the special herbicide for the konjac can be sprayed if the weeds grow after the emergence of the seedlings, the weeds can be earthed up, protected, diseased plants removed and fertilized timely in the middle period, the disease prevention and treatment are well carried out, and intertillage and weeding are not needed to avoid damaging roots and causing seedling dumping; the second time of spraying herbicide can be carried out at the end of 5 months;

(5) intercropping and covering: according to different conditions, high-stalk crops such as corns or forest trees are planted in rows and ridges in the north and south directions to shade konjak, and the corns are suitable for being early and not late; the surface of the compartment is covered with the hay, so that weeds are effectively prevented, moisture, heat and soil loss are preserved, the yield per unit is improved, and the incidence rate of plant diseases and insect pests is reduced; spreading over 2000 jin of grass per mu, and the thickness is 10-15 cm;

(6) scientific fertilization: the growth of the konjak is mainly based on base fertilizer, 2000-5000 jin of decomposed household fertilizer is applied per mu, additional fertilizer is applied as auxiliary, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is mainly based, 50 jin of phosphate fertilizer, 60 jin of potassium fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer are auxiliary; applying potassium fertilizer before seedling emergence or after leaf spreading, and covering with soil; the special biological fertilizer for the konjak can be uniformly sprayed in the soil for several times during sowing, 100 kilograms of fertilizer is used per mu, the fertilizer can effectively increase the fertilizer and resist diseases, and the compartment surface can also be covered by the fully fermented and decomposed household fertilizer and the fire soil ash;

(7) the medicament is used for preventing diseases: mainly preventing, the seed-grown taro is well treated with virus removal, 70 percent of the seedlings can be prevented after emergence of seedlings, 72 percent of agricultural streptomycin is used for pesticide application, then, the special konjak pesticide is used for eliminating rotten clean spray to prevent soft rot and root rot, and then, the konjak panacea, carbendazim and the like are used for preventing southern blight;

(8) harvesting at proper time: the method comprises the following steps of (1) digging large and small konjak in a period of settling nutrients for konjak, harvesting commercial konjak and planting konjak seeds;

(9) and (3) immediate fertilizer supplement: after digging, the cultivation is not needed to be replanted in principle, only the ditches need to be cleaned immediately, weeds are removed, and the cultivation is fertilized, sterilized, reseeded, shaded and reinforced according to the new cultivation land.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the cultivation method of the konjak, the average disease incidence of the konjak is reduced to 25.6%, the utilization rate of land suitable for planting the konjak is increased, the planting time on unit area of land is prolonged, the labor time of farmers is reduced, and the labor intensity of the farmers is relieved.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific embodiments, which are illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.

Example 1

A cultivation method of konjak comprises the following steps:

(1) site selection and soil preparation: konjak is warm and shady, afraid of strong light and waterlogging, is planted in 80 cm compartment-by-compartment ridging and deep surrounding ditches, waist ditches and straight ditches, and has the advantages of half-shady, warm and moist, organic humus-rich neutral meta-acid, convenient irrigation and drainage and loose soil, and the width of the ditches is 50 cm; 570 kg of quicklime is applied to the whole land, the quicklime is uniformly spread, and lime can be spread for three times after seedling emergence to sterilize and remove bacteria, wherein 25 kg of lime is applied each time;

(2) seed selection and disinfection: screening seed yams with uniform size, flat upper port, small dental fossa, normal color, full body, no damage, rotten mildew and diseases and insect pests; spreading and drying taro seeds in the sun before the seeds fall in the middle of the sun, spraying water for disinfection, sticking powder medicines on clothes, and sowing the taro seeds in the sun after the taro seeds are turned over and dried for 2-3 days, wherein the principle of no planting in rainy days is adhered;

(3) timely sowing: planting winter seeds and spring seeds, namely planting the seeds from winter to grain rain, wherein the seeds must be planted in sunny days, the main teeth and the ports are upward when the seeds are planted, the large seed taros need to be obliquely placed to prevent the stem block from rotting due to water accumulation in the bud pits, the covering soil is preferably 5 inches thick, the sowing period is properly delayed in places with high altitude, and the sowing period is advanced in places with low altitude;

(4) weeding at proper time: the glyphosate is used for removing grass once before the emergence of the seedlings, namely 5 months and 1 day and one week after the emergence of the seedlings, the special herbicide for the konjac can be sprayed if the weeds grow after the emergence of the seedlings, the weeds can be earthed up, protected, diseased plants removed and fertilized timely in the middle period, the disease prevention and treatment are well carried out, and intertillage and weeding are not needed to avoid damaging roots and causing seedling dumping; the second time of spraying herbicide can be carried out at the end of 5 months;

(5) intercropping and covering: according to different conditions, high-stalk crops such as corns or forest trees are planted in rows and ridges in the north and south directions to shade konjak, and the corns are suitable for being early and not late; the surface of the compartment is covered with the hay, so that weeds are effectively prevented, moisture, heat and soil loss are preserved, the yield per unit is improved, and the incidence rate of plant diseases and insect pests is reduced; spreading over 2000 jin of grass per mu, and the thickness is 10 cm;

(6) scientific fertilization: the growth of the konjak is mainly carried out by using a base fertilizer, 2000 jin of decomposed household fertilizer is applied per mu, an additional fertilizer is applied as an auxiliary fertilizer, a phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is mainly used, 50 jin of a phosphate fertilizer, 60 jin of a potassium fertilizer and a nitrogen fertilizer are used as auxiliary fertilizers; applying potassium fertilizer before seedling emergence or after leaf spreading, and covering with soil; the special biological fertilizer for the konjak can be uniformly sprayed in the soil for several times during sowing, 100 kilograms of fertilizer is used per mu, the fertilizer can effectively increase the fertilizer and resist diseases, and the compartment surface can also be covered by the fully fermented and decomposed household fertilizer and the fire soil ash;

(7) the medicament is used for preventing diseases: mainly preventing, the seed-grown taro is well treated with virus removal, 70 percent of the seedlings can be prevented after emergence of seedlings, 72 percent of agricultural streptomycin is used for pesticide application, then, the special konjak pesticide is used for eliminating rotten clean spray to prevent soft rot and root rot, and then, the konjak panacea, carbendazim and the like are used for preventing southern blight;

(8) harvesting at proper time: the method comprises the following steps of (1) digging and reserving size for konjak in a period of settling nutrients for konjak in a general 20 days after seedling dumping, harvesting commercial konjak and reserving cultivation of konjak seeds, wherein seedlings are dumped when 4280 ℃ is reached;

(9) and (3) immediate fertilizer supplement: after digging, the cultivation is not needed to be replanted in principle, only the ditches need to be cleaned immediately, weeds are removed, and the cultivation is fertilized, sterilized, reseeded, shaded and reinforced according to the new cultivation land.

Example 2

A cultivation method of konjak comprises the following steps:

(1) site selection and soil preparation: konjak is warm and shady, afraid of strong light and waterlogging, is planted in 100 cm compartment-by-compartment ridging and deep surrounding ditches, waist ditches and straight ditches, and has the width of 50 cm; 570 kg of quicklime is applied to the whole land, the quicklime is uniformly spread, and after the seedlings emerge, the lime can be spread for three times to sterilize and remove bacteria, and 30 kg of the quicklime is applied each time;

(2) seed selection and disinfection: screening seed yams with uniform size, flat upper port, small dental fossa, normal color, full body, no damage, rotten mildew and diseases and insect pests; spreading and drying taro seeds in the sun before the seeds fall in the middle of the sun, spraying water for disinfection, sticking powder medicines on clothes, and sowing the taro seeds in the sun after the taro seeds are turned over and dried for 2-3 days, wherein the principle of no planting in rainy days is adhered;

(3) timely sowing: planting winter seeds and spring seeds, namely planting the seeds from winter to grain rain, wherein the seeds must be planted in sunny days, the main teeth and the ports are upward when the seeds are planted, the large seed taros need to be obliquely placed to prevent the stem block from rotting due to water accumulation in the bud pits, the covering soil is preferably 8 inches thick, the sowing period is properly delayed in places with high altitude, and the sowing period is advanced in places with low altitude;

(4) weeding at proper time: the glyphosate is used for removing grass once before the emergence of the seedlings, namely 5 months and 1 day and one week after the emergence of the seedlings, the special herbicide for the konjac can be sprayed if the weeds grow after the emergence of the seedlings, the weeds can be earthed up, protected, diseased plants removed and fertilized timely in the middle period, the disease prevention and treatment are well carried out, and intertillage and weeding are not needed to avoid damaging roots and causing seedling dumping; the second time of spraying herbicide can be carried out at the end of 5 months;

(5) intercropping and covering: according to different conditions, high-stalk crops such as corns or forest trees are planted in rows and ridges in the north and south directions to shade konjak, and the corns are suitable for being early and not late; the surface of the compartment is covered with the hay, so that weeds are effectively prevented, moisture, heat and soil loss are preserved, the yield per unit is improved, and the incidence rate of plant diseases and insect pests is reduced; spreading over 2000 jin of grass per mu, and the thickness is 15 cm;

(6) scientific fertilization: the growth of the konjak is mainly based on base fertilizer, 5000 jin of decomposed household fertilizer is applied per mu, additional fertilizer is applied as auxiliary fertilizer, the main fertilizer is phosphorus-potassium fertilizer, 50 jin of phosphate fertilizer, 60 jin of potassium fertilizer and the auxiliary fertilizer are applied; applying potassium fertilizer before seedling emergence or after leaf spreading, and covering with soil; the special biological fertilizer for the konjak can be uniformly sprayed in the soil for several times during sowing, 100 kilograms of fertilizer is used per mu, the fertilizer can effectively increase the fertilizer and resist diseases, and the compartment surface can also be covered by the fully fermented and decomposed household fertilizer and the fire soil ash;

(7) the medicament is used for preventing diseases: mainly preventing, the seed-grown taro is well treated with virus removal, 70 percent of the seedlings can be prevented after emergence of seedlings, 72 percent of agricultural streptomycin is used for pesticide application, then, the special konjak pesticide is used for eliminating rotten clean spray to prevent soft rot and root rot, and then, the konjak panacea, carbendazim and the like are used for preventing southern blight;

(8) harvesting at proper time: the method comprises the following steps of (1) digging and reserving size for konjak in a period of settling nutrients for konjak in the general 30 days after seedling dumping, harvesting commercial konjak and reserving cultivation of konjak seeds, wherein seedlings are dumped when 4280 ℃ is reached;

(9) and (3) immediate fertilizer supplement: after digging, the cultivation is not needed to be replanted in principle, only the ditches need to be cleaned immediately, weeds are removed, and the cultivation is fertilized, sterilized, reseeded, shaded and reinforced according to the new cultivation land.

Example 3

A cultivation method of konjak comprises the following steps:

(1) site selection and soil preparation: konjak is warm and shady, afraid of strong light and waterlogging, is planted in 90 cm compartment-by-compartment ridging and deep surrounding ditches, waist ditches and straight ditches, and has the advantages of half-shady, warm and moist, organic humus-rich neutral meta-acid, convenient irrigation and drainage and loose soil, and the width of the ditches is 50 cm; 570 kg of quicklime is applied to the whole land, the quicklime is uniformly spread, and lime can be spread for three times after seedling emergence to sterilize and remove bacteria, wherein 28 kg of the quicklime is applied each time;

(2) seed selection and disinfection: screening seed yams with uniform size, flat upper port, small dental fossa, normal color, full body, no damage, rotten mildew and diseases and insect pests; spreading and drying taro seeds in the sun before the seeds fall in the middle of the sun, spraying water for disinfection, sticking powder medicines on clothes, and sowing the taro seeds in the sun after the taro seeds are turned over and dried for 2-3 days, wherein the principle of no planting in rainy days is adhered;

(3) timely sowing: planting winter seeds and spring seeds, namely planting the seeds from winter to grain rain, wherein the seeds must be planted in sunny days, the main teeth and the ports are upward when the seeds are planted, the large seed taros need to be obliquely placed to prevent the stem block from rotting due to water accumulation in the bud pits, the covering soil is preferably 7 inches thick, the sowing period is properly delayed in places with high altitude, and the sowing period is advanced in places with low altitude;

(4) weeding at proper time: the glyphosate is used for removing grass once before the emergence of the seedlings, namely 5 months and 1 day and one week after the emergence of the seedlings, the special herbicide for the konjac can be sprayed if the weeds grow after the emergence of the seedlings, the weeds can be earthed up, protected, diseased plants removed and fertilized timely in the middle period, the disease prevention and treatment are well carried out, and intertillage and weeding are not needed to avoid damaging roots and causing seedling dumping; the second time of spraying herbicide can be carried out at the end of 5 months;

(5) intercropping and covering: according to different conditions, high-stalk crops such as corns or forest trees are planted in rows and ridges in the north and south directions to shade konjak, and the corns are suitable for being early and not late; the surface of the compartment is covered with the hay, so that weeds are effectively prevented, moisture, heat and soil loss are preserved, the yield per unit is improved, and the incidence rate of plant diseases and insect pests is reduced; spreading over 2000 jin of grass per mu, and the thickness is 13 cm;

(6) scientific fertilization: the growth of the konjak is mainly carried out by using a base fertilizer, 3000 jin of decomposed household fertilizer is applied per mu, an additional fertilizer is applied as an auxiliary fertilizer, a phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is mainly used, 50 jin of a phosphate fertilizer, 60 jin of a potassium fertilizer and a nitrogen fertilizer are used as auxiliary fertilizers; applying potassium fertilizer before seedling emergence or after leaf spreading, and covering with soil; the special biological fertilizer for the konjak can be uniformly sprayed in the soil for several times during sowing, 100 kilograms of fertilizer is used per mu, the fertilizer can effectively increase the fertilizer and resist diseases, and the compartment surface can also be covered by the fully fermented and decomposed household fertilizer and the fire soil ash;

(7) the medicament is used for preventing diseases: mainly preventing, the seed-grown taro is well treated with virus removal, 70 percent of the seedlings can be prevented after emergence of seedlings, 72 percent of agricultural streptomycin is used for pesticide application, then, the special konjak pesticide is used for eliminating rotten clean spray to prevent soft rot and root rot, and then, the konjak panacea, carbendazim and the like are used for preventing southern blight;

(8) harvesting at proper time: the method comprises the following steps of (1) digging and reserving konjak in a large-size digging mode to harvest commodity taro and reserve and plant konjak seeds, wherein konjak seedlings begin to fall when the temperature of the konjak reaches 4280 ℃, konjak seedlings normally fall in the last ten days of 9 months in the lunar calendar, digging and reserving the konjak in a period of settling and reserving the konjak with nutrition;

(9) and (3) immediate fertilizer supplement: after digging, the cultivation is not needed to be replanted in principle, only the ditches need to be cleaned immediately, weeds are removed, and the cultivation is fertilized, sterilized, reseeded, shaded and reinforced according to the new cultivation land.

Claims (1)

1. A cultivation method of konjak is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) site selection and soil preparation: konjak is fond of temperature and shade resistance, is afraid of strong light and waterlogging, is planted in 80-100 cm compartment-by-compartment ridging and deep-furrows, waist furrows and straight furrows with the depth of 70 cm and the width of 50 cm by selecting semi-shady, warm and moist neutral meta-acid land rich in organic humus, convenient irrigation and drainage and loose and fertile soil; 570 kg of quicklime is applied to the whole land, the quicklime is uniformly spread, and lime can be spread for three times after seedling emergence to sterilize and remove bacteria, wherein 25-30 kg of the quicklime is applied each time;

(2) seed selection and disinfection: screening seed yams with uniform size, flat upper port, small dental fossa, normal color, full body, no damage, rotten mildew and diseases and insect pests; spreading and drying taro seeds in the sun before the seeds fall in the middle of the sun, spraying water for disinfection, sticking powder medicines on clothes, and sowing the taro seeds in the sun after the taro seeds are turned over and dried for 2-3 days, wherein the principle of no planting in rainy days is adhered;

(3) timely sowing: planting winter seeds and spring seeds, namely planting the seeds from winter to grain rain, wherein the seeds must be planted in sunny days, the main teeth and the ports are upward when the seeds are planted, the large seed taros need to be obliquely placed to prevent the stem block from rotting due to water accumulation in the bud pits, the covering soil is preferably 5-8 inches thick, the sowing time is properly delayed in places with high altitude, and the sowing time is advanced in places with low altitude;

(4) weeding at proper time: the glyphosate is used for removing grass once before the emergence of the seedlings, namely 5 months and 1 day and one week after the emergence of the seedlings, the special herbicide for the konjac can be sprayed if the weeds grow after the emergence of the seedlings, the weeds can be earthed up, protected, diseased plants removed and fertilized timely in the middle period, the disease prevention and treatment are well carried out, and intertillage and weeding are not needed to avoid damaging roots and causing seedling dumping; the second time of spraying herbicide can be carried out at the end of 5 months;

(5) intercropping and covering: according to different conditions, high-stalk crops such as corns or forest trees are planted in rows and ridges in the north and south directions to shade konjak, and the corns are suitable for being early and not late; the surface of the compartment is covered with the hay, so that weeds are effectively prevented, moisture, heat and soil loss are preserved, the yield per unit is improved, and the incidence rate of plant diseases and insect pests is reduced; spreading over 2000 jin of grass per mu, and the thickness is 10-15 cm;

(6) scientific fertilization: the growth of the konjak is mainly carried out by using a base fertilizer, 2000 jin of decomposed household fertilizer is applied per mu, 5000 jin of additional fertilizer is applied, the main is phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, 50 jin of phosphate fertilizer, 60 jin of potassium fertilizer and the auxiliary is nitrogen fertilizer; applying potassium fertilizer before seedling emergence or after leaf spreading, and covering with soil; the special biological fertilizer for the konjak can be uniformly sprayed in the soil for several times during sowing, 100 kilograms of fertilizer is used per mu, the fertilizer can effectively increase the fertilizer and resist diseases, and the compartment surface can also be covered by the fully fermented and decomposed household fertilizer and the fire soil ash;

(7) the medicament is used for preventing diseases: mainly preventing, the seed-grown taro is well treated with virus removal, 70 percent of the seedlings can be prevented after emergence of seedlings, 72 percent of agricultural streptomycin is used for pesticide application, then, the special konjak pesticide is used for eliminating rotten clean spray to prevent soft rot and root rot, and then, the konjak panacea, carbendazim and the like are used for preventing southern blight;

(8) harvesting at proper time: the method comprises the following steps of (1) digging large and small konjak in a period of settling nutrients for konjak in a general day 20-30 days after seedling dumping, harvesting commercial konjak, and planting konjak seeds;

(9) and (3) immediate fertilizer supplement: after digging, the cultivation is not needed to be replanted in principle, only the ditches need to be cleaned immediately, weeds are removed, and the cultivation is fertilized, sterilized, reseeded, shaded and reinforced according to the new cultivation land.