CN110958041B - Dynamic user hybrid precoding method for millimeter wave system - Google Patents
Dynamic user hybrid precoding method for millimeter wave system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a dynamic user hybrid precoding method of a millimeter wave system, which comprises the following steps: acquiring channel state information of each user, and storing the channel state information of adjacent time slots of each user in a storage unit; obtaining the optimal propagation path of each user according to the stored channel state information; judging whether the optimal propagation path is a direct path or not to obtain a judgment result of each user; obtaining the state of each user according to the judgment result; designing a simulation pre-coding matrix of the user according to the state of the user; designing a digital pre-coding matrix of a user according to the analog pre-coding matrix; and carrying out data transmission according to the analog precoding matrix and the digital precoding matrix. The method of the invention can obtain the state of each user only by comparing and judging the channel state information of the adjacent time slots of the users, thereby improving the efficiency of user state detection and reducing the complexity of detection, and provides a self-adaptive mixed pre-coding method according to the real-time state of the detected user.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of wireless communication, and particularly relates to a dynamic user hybrid precoding method for a millimeter wave system.
Background
As one of the key technologies of the fifth generation mobile communication system, the millimeter wave can effectively solve the problem of global frequency band shortage and greatly improve the transmission speed and the spectrum efficiency of the system. However, the sparse channels and narrow beams in mmwave systems make their performance extremely sensitive to the user state in the system. For example, when the millimeter wave beam is blocked by a human body, about 35dB of beam gain will be lost. In addition, the millimeter wave beam gain also suffers from different degrees of attenuation when the user is in motion.
Aiming at the precoding problem in a millimeter wave partial connection antenna array system, a plurality of scholars have conducted intensive research at present, for example, a simulation precoding matrix is designed by utilizing a simulation precoding matrix block diagonalization structure and a semi-positive definite relaxation algorithm so as to reduce the Euclidean distance between a hybrid precoding matrix and a full digital precoding matrix; obtaining an optimal transmission direction through finite search in a beam space, and taking an array steering vector corresponding to the direction as a corresponding column of a simulation pre-coding matrix to simplify the design complexity of the hybrid pre-coding matrix; the calculation complexity in the optimization process is reduced by converting the optimization problem of the traditional analog precoding matrix into sub-problems of respectively optimizing the amplitude and the phase.
However, the conventional hybrid precoding algorithm only considers optimizing the sum-rate performance of the static users and simplifying the computational complexity in the design process of the static user hybrid precoding matrix. When dynamic users exist in the system, the sum rate performance of the traditional hybrid precoding algorithm is extremely easily influenced by the user states in the system. The above conventional algorithms are therefore not suitable for dynamic user scenarios or it is difficult to maintain their expected performance.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a dynamic user hybrid precoding method for millimeter wave system. The technical problem to be solved by the invention is realized by the following technical scheme, the invention provides a dynamic user hybrid precoding method of a millimeter wave system, which is used for a millimeter wave part connection antenna array system and comprises the following steps:
acquiring channel state information of each user, and storing the channel state information of adjacent time slots of each user in a storage unit;
obtaining the optimal propagation path of each user according to the stored channel state information;
judging whether the optimal propagation path is a direct path or not to obtain a judgment result of each user;
obtaining the state of each user according to the judgment result;
designing a simulation pre-coding matrix of the user according to the state of the user;
designing a digital pre-coding matrix of a user according to the analog pre-coding matrix;
and carrying out data transmission according to the analog precoding matrix and the digital precoding matrix.
In an embodiment of the present invention, acquiring channel state information of each user and storing the channel state information of each user's adjacent time slot in a storage unit includes:
the base station obtains the channel state information H scanned by each user in the beam training time slotm,
Wherein HmA channel state information matrix representing the mth user, M representing the number of users,a channel state matrix representing the direct path of the mth user,a channel state matrix representing the ith non-direct path of the mth user, K represents the Rice factor, PmIndicates the number of propagation paths of the mth user,a complex path gain representing an ith non-direct path of an mth user;
and respectively storing the channel state information of the t-1 time slot and the t time slot of each user in a first storage unit and a second storage unit, wherein t is more than or equal to 1.
In an embodiment of the present invention, obtaining an optimal propagation path of each user according to the stored channel state information includes:
obtaining an optimal propagation path of each user in the first storage unit and the second storage unit according to the following formula,
wherein g represents a memory cell,indicating the departure angle corresponding to the optimal propagation path of the user in the g-th storage unit,indicating the arrival angle corresponding to the optimal propagation path of the user in the g-th storage unit,represents the complex path gain of the xth propagation path of the user in the g storage unit, | | | represents taking the absolute value, max represents taking the maximum value,the number of propagation paths of the mth user in the g-th storage unit is shown.
In an embodiment of the present invention, determining whether the optimal propagation path is a direct path to obtain a determination result of each user includes:
if the optimal propagation path satisfiesThe optimal propagation path of the user in the g-th storage unit is a direct propagation path, and if the optimal propagation path meets the requirementThe optimal propagation path of the user at the g-th storage unit is a non-direct path,
wherein epsilon represents the threshold values of the direct path and the indirect path, and epsilon is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to muAS,μASRepresents the average of the angular spread of the propagating beam.
In an embodiment of the present invention, obtaining the state of each user according to the determination result includes:
if the optimal propagation paths of the user in the first storage unit and the second storage unit are direct paths, executing the following steps:
if the departure angle of the optimal propagation path of the user in the first storage unit and the second storage unit satisfies the requirementThe user is in a static state, and if the departure angle of the optimal propagation path of the user in the first storage unit and the second storage unit meets the requirementThe user is in a state of motion and,
wherein, delta represents the judgment threshold value of the motion and the static state of the user,μASan average value representing the angular spread of the propagation beam, BW representing the half-power beamwidth of the base station propagation beam;
if the optimal propagation path of the user in the first storage unit is a direct path and the optimal propagation path in the second storage unit is a non-direct path, executing the following steps:
matching the nearest non-direct path of the user in the first storage unit and the second storage unit according to the following formula to obtainThe number of the path pairs is one,
if it isThe angular difference of the departure angles of at least 2 path pairs in each path pair satisfiesThen useThe user is in a blocking + movement state, otherwise the user is in a blocking state;
if the optimal propagation path of the user in the first storage unit is a non-direct path and the optimal propagation path in the second storage unit is a direct path, executing the following steps:
matching the nearest non-direct path of the user in the first storage unit and the second storage unit according to the following formula to obtainThe number of the path pairs is one,
if it isThe angular difference of the departure angles of at least 2 path pairs in each path pair satisfiesThe user is in a motion state, otherwise, the user is in a static state;
if the optimal propagation paths of the user in the first storage unit and the second storage unit are both non-direct paths, executing the following steps:
matching the nearest non-direct path of the user in the first storage unit and the second storage unit according to the following formula to obtainThe number of the path pairs is one,
if it isAt least 2 paths in each path pairThe angle difference of the starting angles of the radial pairs satisfiesThe user is in the block + move state otherwise the user is in the block state.
In an embodiment of the present invention, designing an analog precoding matrix of a user according to a state of the user includes:
prioritizing a status of the user, wherein,
stationary > occlusion > motion > occlusion + motion;
designing a simulation pre-coding matrix of the first user according to the priority sequence;
and designing analog precoding matrixes of other users to obtain the analog precoding matrixes of all the users.
In an embodiment of the present invention, designing an analog precoding matrix of the first user according to the priority ranking includes:
i. let m equal to 1, wmFor all-zero vectors, a precoding matrix F is simulatedRFJudging the state of the first user for an all-zero matrix, wherein the simulation precoding matrix FRFIn order to realize the purpose,
wherein, the analog precoding matrix FRFHas the dimension ofNtIndicating the number of transmit antennas of the base station,indicating the number of transmit sub-arrays of the base station, flAn analog precoding vector representing the ith transmit sub-array of the base station,wmis shown asDimension of m users is NrX 1 received combined vector, NrIndicating the number of receive antennas per user;
if the status of the first user is static or blocked, then
f1=aN(φs),
wm(1:N)=aN(θs),
n=1,
Wherein phi issRepresenting the angle of departure, theta, of the user's propagating beamsThe arrival angle of the user's propagation beam is shown, the propagation beam of the user is the departure angle and the arrival angle corresponding to the path gain maximum path, wm(1: N) represents the 1 st to Nth elements of the m-th user reception combining vector, N represents the number of transmission sub-arrays used in the base station,aN(x) Indicating the array steering vector, N indicating the number of linear antennas per transmit sub-array of the base station,λ represents the carrier wavelength, d represents the spacing between antenna elements,
if the state of the first user is a moving or moving + blocking state, passing through the adjacent N in the base stationcCooperation of transmission sub-arrays, and N of userscCooperation of receiving sub-arrays for beam combining, and transmission of adjacent transmitting sub-arrays and adjacent receiving sub-arraysThe angle difference of the transmission beam isThen it is determined that,
if the tangential direction to the first user's direction of motion is counterclockwise, then,
n=Nc,
if the tangential direction to the first user's direction of motion is clockwise, then,
n=Nc;
wherein, wm(N +1:2N) denotes that the mth user receives the N +1 th to 2N-th elements of the merged vector, wm[(Nc-1)N+1:NcN](N) th user receiving combined vectorc-1) N +1 to NthcN elements;
updating the analog precoding matrix FRFA value of (d);
in an embodiment of the present invention, designing the analog precoding matrices of other users to obtain the analog precoding matrices of all users includes:
i. selecting a propagation beam for the mth user, determining a departure angle and an arrival angle of the propagation beam for the mth user,
wherein | | | purple hair2The norm of 2 is taken, and min is the minimum value;
judging the status of the mth user, if the status of the mth user is static or blocking, then,
fn+1=aN(φs),
wm(1:N)=aN(θs),
n=n+1,
if the mth user state is a moving or moving + blocking state, passing through the adjacent N in the base stationcCooperation of the transmitting sub-arrays, and N of userscThe receiving sub-arrays cooperate to carry out beam combination, and the angle difference of the transmission beams of the adjacent transmitting sub-arrays and the adjacent receiving sub-arrays isThen it is determined that,
if the tangential direction of the mth user's motion direction is counterclockwise, then,
n=n+Nc,
if the tangential direction of the mth user's motion direction is clockwise, then,
n=n+Nc;
updating the analog precoding matrix FRFIs given as M +1, repeating steps i-iv, and iterating M-1 times to obtain the analog precoding matrix F of the userRF。
In one embodiment of the present invention, designing a digital precoding matrix of a user according to the analog precoding matrix comprises:
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,the dimension of (a) is M-1 xM,a valid channel vector representing the mth user;
combined interference matrix to the mth userThe singular value decomposition is carried out, and the singular value decomposition,
wherein, UmRepresenting combined interference matricesLeft singular matrix of, VmRepresenting combined interference matricesRight singular matrix ofmRepresenting a singular value diagonal matrix;
according to the right singular matrix VmObtaining the digital precoding vector F of the mth userBB(:,m),
FBB(:,m)=Vm(:,M),
Wherein, FBB(: m) denotes a digital precoding matrix FBBRow m of (5), Vm(M) represents the right singular matrix VmThe M-th column of (1);
repeating the steps by making M equal to M +1, and iterating for M-1 times to obtain the analog precoding matrix F of the userBB。
In an embodiment of the present invention, performing data transmission according to the analog precoding matrix and the digital precoding matrix includes:
the base station transmits data according to the channel state information, the analog pre-coding matrix, the digital pre-coding matrix and the receiving merging vector of the user, and the receiving signal y of the mth usermIn order to realize the purpose,
wherein n ismRepresenting the received noise vector for the mth user and x representing the transmitted signal vector.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. in the millimeter wave system dynamic user hybrid precoding method, the state of each user can be obtained only by comparing and judging the channel state information of the adjacent time slots of the users without a user positioning system or a gyroscope, so that the user state detection efficiency is improved, and the detection complexity is reduced;
2. the millimeter wave system dynamic user hybrid precoding method of the invention utilizes the cooperation of adjacent antenna sub-arrays and enables the interval between the departure angle and the arrival angle of the adjacent sub-arrays to transmit the wave beams to beUnder the condition of the system, stable and wide beams are synthesized, so that the stability of the motion user in the millimeter wave system is improved, the time for the motion user to move out of the beams is prolonged, and the training period of the system beams is effectively prolonged.
The foregoing description is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present invention, and in order to make the technical means of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention may be implemented in accordance with the content of the description, and in order to make the above and other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the following preferred embodiments are described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a system model diagram according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a flowchart of a dynamic user hybrid precoding method for a millimeter wave system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram comparing beam patterns provided by embodiments of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram comparing beam patterns provided by embodiments of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a simulation graph of user movement time and rate over time provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a simulation graph of time and rate of user movement provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a simulation graph of time and rate of user movement provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a simulation graph of time and rate of movement of a user according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a simulation diagram of random time and rate variation with time for a user state according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a diagram of another simulation of random user state and rate over time provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a graph of a simulation of random time and rate over time for a user state provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 12 is a simulation diagram of random time and rate variation with time for a user state according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to further explain the technical means and effects of the present invention adopted to achieve the predetermined object, the following describes in detail a dynamic user hybrid precoding method for millimeter wave system according to the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description.
The foregoing and other technical matters, features and effects of the present invention will be apparent from the following detailed description of the embodiments, which is to be read in connection with the accompanying drawings. The technical means and effects of the present invention adopted to achieve the predetermined purpose can be more deeply and specifically understood through the description of the specific embodiments, however, the attached drawings are provided for reference and description only and are not used for limiting the technical scheme of the present invention.
Example one
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a system model diagram according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in the diagram, a millimeter wave communication system used in this embodiment is formed by connecting a millimeter wave section with an antenna array base station, a transmission channel, and a user. Base station hasA plurality of transmitting sub-arrays, each transmitting sub-array having N antennas, the base station having a common structureA transmitting antenna, M users in the system, each user havingA receiving sub-array, each transmitting sub-array has N antennas, each user hasA plurality of receiving antennas, wherein each antenna is independent and the adjacent antennas are spaced from each other by a distance ofEach user state is random and includes four states of rest, motion, occlusion, and occlusion + motion.
Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a flowchart of a dynamic user hybrid precoding method for a millimeter wave system according to an embodiment of the present invention, where as shown in the figure, the method according to the embodiment includes:
s1: acquiring channel state information of each user, and storing the channel state information of adjacent time slots of each user in a storage unit;
specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
s11: the base station acquires each user in the beam training time slotThe channel state information H obtained by scanningm,
Wherein HmA channel state information matrix representing the mth user, M representing the number of users,a channel state matrix representing the direct path of the mth user,a channel state matrix representing the ith non-direct path of the mth user, K represents the Rice factor, PmIndicates the number of propagation paths of the mth user,a complex path gain representing an ith non-direct path of an mth user;
in this embodiment, the channel state information includes departure angle, arrival angle and path gain between each user and a uniform linear antenna array base station,andthe expression of (a) is as follows,
wherein the content of the first and second substances,λ represents the carrier wavelength, d represents the spacing between antenna elements, representing the angle of arrival of the ith propagation path of the mth user,denotes the departure angle of the ith propagation path of the mth user, i is 0,1,2, …, PmAnd-1, when i is equal to 0, the path is a direct path, and when i is equal to 0, the path is a non-direct path.
S12: and respectively storing the channel state information of the t-1 time slot and the t time slot of each user in a first storage unit and a second storage unit, wherein t is more than or equal to 1.
In this embodiment, the first storage unit and the second storage unit only store the channel state information of the adjacent time slot of each user, and when the channel state information of the next time slot needs to be stored, the channel state information of the previous time slot is overwritten or deleted.
S2: obtaining the optimal propagation path of each user according to the stored channel state information;
specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
obtaining an optimal propagation path of each user in the first storage unit and the second storage unit according to the following formula,
wherein g representsThe storage unit is used for storing the data,indicating the departure angle corresponding to the optimal propagation path of the user in the g-th storage unit,indicating the arrival angle corresponding to the optimal propagation path of the user in the g-th storage unit,represents the complex path gain of the xth propagation path of the user in the g storage unit, | | | represents taking the absolute value, max represents taking the maximum value,the number of propagation paths of the mth user in the g-th storage unit is shown.
S3: judging whether the optimal propagation path is a direct path or not to obtain a judgment result of each user;
specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
if the optimal propagation path satisfiesThe optimal propagation path of the user in the g storage unit is a direct path;
if the optimal propagation path satisfiesThe optimal propagation path of the user in the g storage unit is a non-direct path;
wherein epsilon represents the threshold values of the direct path and the indirect path, and epsilon is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to muAS,μASThe average value of the angle spread of the propagation beam is represented, and in this embodiment, the threshold value is set according to the angle spread value of the system and the system requirement. As shown in the above formula, if the absolute value of the sum of the departure angle and the receiving angle of the optimal propagation path in the g-th storage unit is smaller than epsilon, the optimal propagation path is a direct propagation path, otherwise, the optimal propagation path is a non-direct propagation pathAnd (4) diameter.
S4: obtaining the state of each user according to the judgment result;
in this embodiment, the states of the user include a still state, a moving state, a blocking state and a blocking + moving state, where the still state represents that the user is not blocked and does not move, the moving state represents that the user is in a moving state, the blocking state represents that the millimeter wave beam is blocked by an obstacle, and the blocking + moving state represents that the user has both moving and blocking.
Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
s41: if the optimal propagation paths of the user in the first storage unit and the second storage unit are direct paths, executing the following steps:
if the departure angle of the optimal propagation path of the user in the first storage unit and the second storage unit satisfies the requirementThe user is in a stationary state;
if the departure angle of the optimal propagation path of the user in the first storage unit and the second storage unit satisfies the requirementThe user is in motion;
wherein, δ represents the judgment threshold of the user's motion and static state, and the value thereof is determined according to the system requirement, in the embodiment,μASan average value representing the angular spread of the propagation beam, BW representing the half-power beamwidth of the base station propagation beam;
s42: if the optimal propagation path of the user in the first storage unit is a direct path and the optimal propagation path in the second storage unit is a non-direct path, executing the following steps:
matching the nearest non-direct path of the user in the first storage unit and the second storage unit according to the following formulaTo obtainThe number of the path pairs is one,
if it isThe angular difference of the departure angles of at least 2 path pairs in each path pair satisfiesThe user is in a blocking + movement state, otherwise the user is in a blocking state;
s43: if the optimal propagation path of the user in the first storage unit is a non-direct path and the optimal propagation path in the second storage unit is a direct path, executing the following steps:
matching the nearest non-direct path of the user in the first storage unit and the second storage unit according to the following formula to obtainThe number of the path pairs is one,
if it isThe angular difference of the departure angles of at least 2 path pairs in each path pair satisfiesThe user is in a motion state, otherwise, the user is in a static state;
s44: if the optimal propagation paths of the user in the first storage unit and the second storage unit are both non-direct paths, executing the following steps:
matching the nearest non-direct path of the user in the first storage unit and the second storage unit according to the following formula to obtainThe number of the path pairs is one,
if it isThe angular difference of the departure angles of at least 2 path pairs in each path pair satisfiesThe user is in the block + move state otherwise the user is in the block state.
In the millimeter wave system dynamic user hybrid precoding method of the embodiment, the state of each user can be obtained only by comparing and judging the channel state information of the adjacent time slots of the users without a user positioning system or a gyroscope, so that the user state detection efficiency is improved, and the detection complexity is reduced.
S5: designing a simulation pre-coding matrix of the user according to the state of the user;
specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
s51: prioritizing a status of the user, wherein,
stationary > occlusion > motion > occlusion + motion;
in this embodiment, the processing priority of the user in the static state is the highest, the data transfer processing is performed first, and the processing priority of the user in the blocking + moving state is the lowest, and finally, the data transfer processing is performed, so that if a plurality of users exist in the same state and the processing priorities among the plurality of users are not in sequence, any one of the users can be selected to start the data transfer processing.
S52: designing a simulation pre-coding matrix of the first user according to the priority sequence
Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
i. let m equal to 1, wmFor all-zero vectors, a precoding matrix F is simulatedRFJudging the state of the first user for an all-zero matrix, wherein the simulation precoding matrix FRFIn order to realize the purpose,
wherein, the analog precoding matrix FRFHas the dimension ofNtIndicating the number of transmit antennas of the base station,representing the number of transmit subarrays of a base station, in this embodiment, the millimeter wave base station antenna and the user antenna are partially connected antenna arrays, flAn analog precoding vector representing the ith transmit sub-array of the base station,wmrepresenting the mth user dimension as NrX 1 received combined vector, NrIndicating the number of receive antennas per user;
if the status of the first user is static or blocked, then
f1=aN(φs),
wm(1:N)=aN(θs),
n=1,
Wherein phi issRepresenting the angle of departure, theta, of the user's propagating beamsThe arrival angle of the user's propagation beam is shown, the propagation beam of the user is the departure angle and the arrival angle corresponding to the path gain maximum path, wm(1: N) represents the 1 st to Nth elements of the m-th user reception combining vector, N represents the number of transmission sub-arrays used in the base station,aN(x) Indicating the array steering vector, N indicating the number of linear antennas per transmit sub-array of the base station,λ represents the carrier wavelength, d represents the spacing between antenna elements,
if the state of the first user is a moving or moving + blocking state, passing through the adjacent N in the base stationcCooperation of transmission sub-arrays, and N of userscThe receiving sub-arrays cooperate to perform beam combination to increase the beam width of the transmission beam, and the angle difference between the transmission beam of the adjacent transmitting sub-array and the transmission beam of the adjacent receiving sub-array isThen it is determined that,
if the tangential direction to the first user's direction of motion is counterclockwise, then,
n=Nc,
if the tangential direction to the first user's direction of motion is clockwise, then,
n=Nc;
wherein, wm(N +1:2N) indicates that the mth user receives the combined vectorN +1 to 2N elements, wm[(Nc-1)N+1:NcN](N) th user receiving combined vectorc-1) N +1 to NthcN elements;
in the present embodiment, the adjacent subarrays N in cooperationcThe number of the transmitting subarrays is set according to the requirements of the system, the number n of the used transmitting subarrays in the base station is accumulated and calculated in the process of transmitting data to users by the base station, and the base station is sharedAnd transmitting the sub-arrays.
Updating the analog precoding matrix FRFA value of (d);
specifically, f of the first user is obtained in step ii or step iii1Or f1To fNcIs updated to the analog precoding matrix FRFIn (1).
S53: and designing analog precoding matrixes of other users to obtain the analog precoding matrixes of all the users.
Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
i. selecting a propagation beam for the mth user, determining a departure angle and an arrival angle of the propagation beam for the mth user,
wherein | | | purple hair2The norm of 2 is taken, and min is the minimum value;
judging the status of the mth user, if the status of the mth user is static or blocking, then,
fn+1=aN(φs),
wm(1:N)=aN(θs),
n=n+1,
if the mth user state is a moving or moving + blocking state, passing through the adjacent N in the base stationcCooperation of the transmitting sub-arrays, and N of userscThe receiving sub-arrays cooperate to carry out beam combination, and the angle difference of the transmission beams of the adjacent transmitting sub-arrays and the adjacent receiving sub-arrays isThen it is determined that,
if the tangential direction of the mth user's motion direction is counterclockwise, then,
n=n+Nc,
if the tangential direction of the mth user's motion direction is clockwise, then,
n=n+Nc;
updating the analog precoding matrix FRFIs given as M +1, repeating steps i-iv, and iterating M-1 times to obtain the analog precoding matrix F for all usersRF。
S6: designing a digital pre-coding matrix of a user according to the analog pre-coding matrix;
specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,the dimension of (a) is M-1 xM,a valid channel vector representing the mth user;
s62: combined interference matrix to the mth userThe singular value decomposition is carried out, and the singular value decomposition,
wherein, UmRepresenting combined interference matricesLeft singular matrix of, VmRepresenting combined interference matricesRight singular matrix ofmRepresenting a singular value diagonal matrix;
s63: according to the right singular matrix VmObtaining the digital precoding vector F of the mth userBB(:,m),
FBB(:,m)=Vm(:,M),
Wherein, FBB(: m) denotes a digital precoding matrix FBBRow m of (5), Vm(M) represents the right singular matrix VmThe M-th column of (1);
s64: repeating S61-S64 by making M equal to M +1, and iterating M-1 times to obtain the analog precoding matrix F of the userBB。
S7: and carrying out data transmission according to the analog precoding matrix and the digital precoding matrix.
Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
the base station transmits data according to the channel state information, the analog pre-coding matrix, the digital pre-coding matrix and the receiving merging vector of the user, and the receiving signal y of the mth usermIn order to realize the purpose,
wherein n ismRepresenting the received noise vector for the mth user and x representing the transmitted signal vector.
The millimeter wave system dynamic user hybrid precoding method of the embodiment utilizes the cooperation of the adjacent antenna subarrays and makes the interval between the departure angle and the arrival angle of the propagation beam of the adjacent subarrays beUnder the condition of the system, stable and wide beams are synthesized, so that the stability of the motion user in the millimeter wave system is improved, the time for the motion user to move out of the beams is prolonged, and the training period of the system beams is effectively prolonged.
Example two
The present embodiment is a simulation experiment of the dynamic user hybrid precoding method of the millimeter wave system in the first embodiment. The simulation conditions of this embodiment are: the base station has 15 transmitting subarrays, each transmitting subarray has 20 antennas, the system has 5 users, each user has 3 receiving subarrays, each receiving subarray has 20 antennas, the Rice factor K is 7dB, and the transmitting power of each signal is unit power.
Referring to fig. 3 and 4, fig. 3 shows a method according to the present invention and the adjacent cooperative sub-array is NcA comparison of 2 and a beam pattern map without the method of the present invention; FIG. 4 shows a method of the present invention with N adjacent cooperative sub-arraysc2 and NcA beam pattern map comparison plot of 3. Such asShown in FIG. 3, using NcThe beam of the inventive method of 2 is much wider than the beam without the inventive method, as shown in fig. 4 using NcThe process of the present invention using N as compared with 3cThe beam of the method of the invention is wider and the top end is smoother, and by comparing fig. 3 with fig. 4, the angle difference between adjacent subarray beams is shown to beIn this case, a wide beam with a smoother top end can be formed by a plurality of sub-arrays.
Fig. 5-8 are graphs showing the simulation of the velocity change with time of the user in different exercise states according to the present invention. Wherein, 5 users in the system are all in motion state, and each user has only direct path, the distances from the base station for the users in the system are respectively 5 meters, 15 meters and 35 meters, the moving speed of the user in fig. 5 is 2 meters/second, the moving speed of the user in fig. 6 is 5 meters/second, the moving speed of the user in fig. 7 is 15 meters/second, and the moving speed of the user in fig. 8 is 35 meters/second. In FIG. 5, when the user moves at 2 m/s and 15 m from the base station, NcThe 3 beam combining algorithm (beam combining of 3 sub-arrays) can be maintained and the rate performance is kept unchanged within 1000 ms, NcThe beam combining algorithm 2 (beam combining of 2 sub-arrays) drops the sum rate to 13 bits/s/hz after 1000 ms, while the sum rate performance without beam combining algorithm drops to 5 bits/s/hz after 750 ms. As shown in fig. 6, using NcThe method of the invention of 3 can maintain the sum speed unchanged within 500 milliseconds under the condition of the distance of 15 meters and the speed of 5 meters/second. Without the method of the invention, at a distance of 15 meters and a speed of 5 m/s, and after 300 milliseconds, the sum rate decays to 5 bits/s/hz. As shown in FIG. 7, when the user is 35 m away and 15 m/s at speed, NcThe sum rate of the method of the invention decays to 5 bits/s/hz after 200 ms 2, NcThe sum rate of the method of the invention decays to 5 bits/s/hz after 300 ms at 3, while the sum rate of the method of the invention is not usedThe rate decays to 5 bits/sec/hz after 100 milliseconds. As shown in FIG. 8, when the user speed is 35 m/s, N is usedc2 and NcThe inventive method of 3 has better sum rate performance at distances of 5 meters, 15 meters and 35 meters than the inventive method, and in particular, when the distance is 35 meters and the time is 500 milliseconds, N iscThe sum rate of the inventive method of 2 is 4.5 bits/sec/hz, NcThe sum rate for the inventive method of 3 is 15 bits/sec/hz sum, while the sum rate without the inventive method is 1.5 bits/sec/hz. As can be seen from fig. 5, 6, 7 and 8, the method of the present invention can effectively maintain the sum rate performance and slow down the rate of decrease of the sum rate, compared to the curves without the method of the present invention.
Fig. 9-12 are graphs showing the simulation of the sum rate over time when the user uses the method of the present invention in a random state and does not use the method of the present invention. Wherein, all users in the system are in random states, the states include stationary, moving, blocking and moving + blocking, each user has 5 propagation paths, the distances from the base station to the users are respectively 5 meters, 15 meters and 35 meters, the moving speed of the user in fig. 9 is 2 meters/second, the moving speed of the user in fig. 10 is 5 meters/second, the moving speed of the user in fig. 11 is 15 meters/second, and the moving speed of the user in fig. 12 is 35 meters/second. The propagation delay of the ith propagation path from the transmitting end to the receiving end follows an exponential delay profile, which is expressed by the following formula,
τ′i=-γτDSln(Xi),
wherein, γτWith 3 representing the delay scaling factor, DS representing the delay spread, and lgDS having an average of-0.28 log10(1+fc)-7.173,fc28GHz is the carrier frequency. Then, the delay of the ith path can be obtained by subtracting the minimum delay to normalize the delay and arranging the delays in descending order,
τi=sort{τ′i-min(τ′i)},
wherein sort represents a descending order function, and min represents taking a minimum value.
From FIGS. 9, 10, 11 and 12It is seen that the method of the present invention can improve the sum rate performance of dynamic users compared to NcProcess according to the invention when 2, NcThe method of the present invention at 3 maintains the sum rate performance for a longer period of time. As shown in FIG. 9, when the user moves at 2 m/s and 15 m from the base station, Nc2 and NcThe adaptive hybrid precoding algorithm of 3 can maintain the system sum rate above 20 bits/s/hz in 1000 ms, while the sum rate without the adaptive hybrid precoding algorithm drops to 16 bits/s/hz after 1000 ms. As shown in FIG. 10, NcThe present method can maintain the sum rate performance of a user with a distance of 5 meters and a speed of 5 meters/second for 500 milliseconds at 3, but the sum rate without the present method is rapidly reduced. As shown in FIG. 11, when the distance is 15 m, N is used without using the method of the present inventioncMethod of the invention when 2 and using NcWhen the sum rate of the method of the present invention is 3, the sum rate decays to 14 bits/s/hz after 200 ms, 325 ms and 500 ms, respectively, it can be seen that the method of the present invention can effectively delay the decay of the sum rate performance of the dynamic users, and improve the system stability. As shown in FIG. 12, when the distance is 15 m, N is used without using the method of the present inventioncMethod of the invention when 2 and using NcWhen the sum rate decays to 14 bits/s/hz after 200 ms, 300 ms and 500 ms, respectively, the method of the present invention can be seen to also effectively mitigate the sum rate performance fading when the user speed is 35 m/s and the distance is 15 m. Therefore, the method of the invention can effectively delay the sum rate performance of dynamic users and improve the system stability.
The foregoing is a more detailed description of the invention in connection with specific preferred embodiments and it is not intended that the invention be limited to these specific details. For those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains, several simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and all shall be considered as belonging to the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. A dynamic user hybrid precoding method for a millimeter wave system is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring channel state information of each user, and storing the channel state information of adjacent time slots of each user in a storage unit;
the method comprises the following steps: the base station obtains the channel state information H scanned by each user in the beam training time slotm,
Wherein HmA channel state information matrix representing the mth user, M representing the number of users,a channel state matrix representing the direct path of the mth user,a channel state matrix representing the ith non-direct path of the mth user, K represents the Rice factor, PmIndicates the number of propagation paths of the mth user,a complex path gain representing an ith non-direct path of an mth user;
respectively storing the channel state information of the t-1 time slot and the t time slot of each user in a first storage unit and a second storage unit, wherein t is more than or equal to 1;
obtaining the optimal propagation path of each user according to the stored channel state information;
judging whether the optimal propagation path is a direct path or not to obtain a judgment result of each user;
obtaining the state of each user according to the judgment result;
the method comprises the following steps: if the optimal propagation paths of the user in the first storage unit and the second storage unit are direct paths, executing the following steps:
if the departure angle of the optimal propagation path of the user in the first storage unit and the second storage unit satisfies the requirementThe user is in a static state, and if the departure angle of the optimal propagation path of the user in the first storage unit and the second storage unit meets the requirementThe user is in a state of motion and,
wherein, delta represents the judgment threshold value of the motion and the static state of the user,μASrepresents the average value of the angular spread of the propagating beam, BW represents the half-power beamwidth of the base station propagating beam,indicating the departure angle corresponding to the optimal propagation path of the user in the g-th storage unit,representing the arrival angle corresponding to the optimal propagation path of the user in the g-th storage unit;
if the optimal propagation path of the user in the first storage unit is a direct path and the optimal propagation path in the second storage unit is a non-direct path, executing the following steps:
matching the nearest non-direct path of the user in the first storage unit and the second storage unit according to the following formula to obtainThe number of the path pairs is one,indicating the number of propagation paths of the mth user in the g-th storage unit,
if it isThe angular difference of the departure angles of at least 2 path pairs in each path pair satisfiesThe user is in a blocking + movement state, otherwise the user is in a blocking state;
if the optimal propagation path of the user in the first storage unit is a non-direct path and the optimal propagation path in the second storage unit is a direct path, executing the following steps:
matching the nearest non-direct path of the user in the first storage unit and the second storage unit according to the following formula to obtainThe number of the path pairs is one,
if it isThe angular difference of the departure angles of at least 2 path pairs in each path pair satisfiesThe user is in a motion state, otherwise, the user is in a static state;
if the optimal propagation paths of the user in the first storage unit and the second storage unit are both non-direct paths, executing the following steps:
matching the nearest non-direct path of the user in the first storage unit and the second storage unit according to the following formula to obtainThe number of the path pairs is one,
if it isThe angular difference of the departure angles of at least 2 path pairs in each path pair satisfiesThe user is in a blocking + movement state, otherwise the user is in a blocking state;
designing a simulation pre-coding matrix of the user according to the state of the user;
the method comprises the following steps:
prioritizing a status of the user, wherein,
static > blocking > motion > blocking + motion;
designing a simulation pre-coding matrix of the first user according to the priority sequence;
the method specifically comprises the following steps:
i. let m equal to 1, wmFor all-zero vectors, a precoding matrix F is simulatedRFJudging the state of the first user for an all-zero matrix, wherein the simulation precoding matrix FRFIn order to realize the purpose,
wherein, the analog precoding matrix FRFDimension (d) ofIs composed ofNtIndicating the number of transmit antennas of the base station,indicating the number of transmit sub-arrays of the base station, flAn analog precoding vector representing the l-th transmit sub-array of the base station, l 1,2, …,wmrepresenting the mth user dimension as NrX 1 received combined vector, NrIndicating the number of receive antennas per user;
if the status of the first user is static or blocked, then
f1=aN(φs),
wm(1:N)=aN(θs),
n=1,
Wherein phi issRepresenting the angle of departure, theta, of the user's propagating beamsThe arrival angle of the user's propagation beam is shown, the propagation beam of the user is the departure angle and the arrival angle corresponding to the path gain maximum path, wm(1: N) represents the 1 st to Nth elements of the m-th user reception combining vector, N represents the number of transmission sub-arrays used in the base station,aN(x) Representing array steering vectors, N representing each transmitter of the base stationThe number of the linear antennas of the array,λ represents the carrier wavelength, d represents the spacing between antenna elements,
if the state of the first user is a moving or moving + blocking state, passing through the adjacent N in the base stationcCooperation of transmission sub-arrays, and N of userscThe receiving sub-arrays cooperate to carry out beam combination, and the angle difference of the transmission beams of the adjacent transmitting sub-arrays and the adjacent receiving sub-arrays isThen it is determined that,
if the tangential direction to the first user's direction of motion is counterclockwise, then,
if the tangential direction to the first user's direction of motion is clockwise, then,
wherein, wm(N +1:2N) denotes that the mth user receives the N +1 th to 2N nd of the combined vectorElement of wm[(Nc-1)N+1:NcN](N) th user receiving combined vectorc-1) N +1 to NthcN elements;
updating the analog precoding matrix FRFA value of (d);
designing analog precoding matrixes of other users to obtain analog precoding matrixes of all the users;
designing a digital pre-coding matrix of a user according to the analog pre-coding matrix;
and carrying out data transmission according to the analog precoding matrix and the digital precoding matrix.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein obtaining an optimal propagation path for each user according to the stored channel state information comprises:
obtaining an optimal propagation path of each user in the first storage unit and the second storage unit according to the following formula,
wherein g represents a memory cell,indicating the departure angle corresponding to the optimal propagation path of the user in the g-th storage unit,indicating the arrival angle corresponding to the optimal propagation path of the user in the g-th storage unit,represents the complex path gain of the xth propagation path of the user in the g storage unit, | | | represents taking the absolute value, max represents taking the maximum value,the number of propagation paths of the mth user in the g-th storage unit is shown.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein determining whether the optimal propagation path is a direct path to obtain a determination result for each user comprises:
if the optimal propagation path satisfiesThe optimal propagation path of the user in the g-th storage unit is a direct propagation path, and if the optimal propagation path meets the requirementThe optimal propagation path of the user at the g-th storage unit is a non-direct path,
wherein epsilon represents the threshold values of the direct path and the indirect path, and epsilon is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to muAS,μASRepresents the average of the angular spread of the propagating beam.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein designing the analog precoding matrix of other users to obtain the analog precoding matrix of all users comprises:
i. selecting a propagation beam for the mth user, determining a departure angle and an arrival angle of the propagation beam for the mth user,
wherein | | | purple hair2The norm of 2 is taken, and min is the minimum value;
judging the status of the mth user, if the status of the mth user is static or blocking, then,
fn+1=aN(φs),
wm(1:N)=aN(θs),
n=n+1,
if the mth user state is a moving or moving + blocking state, passing through the adjacent N in the base stationcCooperation of the transmitting sub-arrays, and N of userscThe receiving sub-arrays cooperate to carry out beam combination, and the angle difference of the transmission beams of the adjacent transmitting sub-arrays and the adjacent receiving sub-arrays isThen it is determined that,
if the tangential direction of the mth user's motion direction is counterclockwise, then,
if the tangential direction of the mth user's motion direction is clockwise, then,
updating the analog precoding matrix FRFLet M be M +1, repeat steps i-iv, iterate M-1 times to obtain the analog precoding matrix F for all usersRF。
5. The method of claim 4, wherein designing a user's digital precoding matrix based on the analog precoding matrix comprises:
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,the dimension of (a) is M-1 xM,a valid channel vector representing the mth user;
combined interference matrix to the mth userThe singular value decomposition is carried out, and the singular value decomposition,
wherein, UmRepresenting combined interference matricesLeft singular matrix of, VmRepresenting combined interference matricesRight singular matrix ofmRepresenting a singular value diagonal matrix;
according to the right singular matrix VmObtaining the digital precoding vector F of the mth userBB(:,m),
FBB(:,m)=Vm(:,M),
Wherein, FBB(: m) denotes a digital precoding matrix FBBRow m of (5), Vm(M) represents the right singular matrix VmThe M-th column of (1);
repeating the steps by making M equal to M +1, and iterating for M-1 times to obtain the analog precoding matrix F of the userBB。
6. The method of claim 5, wherein transmitting data according to the analog precoding matrix and the digital precoding matrix comprises:
the base station transmits data according to the channel state information, the analog pre-coding matrix, the digital pre-coding matrix and the receiving merging vector of the user, and the receiving signal y of the mth usermIn order to realize the purpose,
wherein n ismRepresenting the received noise vector for the mth user and x representing the transmitted signal vector.
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