CN110952052A - Method for improving anisotropy of aluminum alloy plate for automobile body - Google Patents
Method for improving anisotropy of aluminum alloy plate for automobile body Download PDFInfo
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- CN110952052A CN110952052A CN202010003086.9A CN202010003086A CN110952052A CN 110952052 A CN110952052 A CN 110952052A CN 202010003086 A CN202010003086 A CN 202010003086A CN 110952052 A CN110952052 A CN 110952052A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/047—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with magnesium as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
- C22C21/08—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent with silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/043—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with silicon as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/05—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys of the Al-Si-Mg type, i.e. containing silicon and magnesium in approximately equal proportions
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for improving the anisotropy of an aluminum alloy plate for an automobile body, which comprises the following steps: firstly, performing intermediate annealing on the hot-rolled aluminum alloy plate to obtain an intermediate-annealed aluminum alloy plate; step two, performing cold rolling deformation on the aluminum alloy plate subjected to intermediate annealing by adopting a cross rolling process to obtain a cold-rolled deformed aluminum alloy plate; and step three, carrying out solution heat treatment on the cold-rolled and deformed aluminum alloy plate to obtain a T4 state plate. The method for improving the anisotropy of the aluminum alloy plate for the automobile body can improve the structure appearance and the texture characteristics of the aluminum alloy after the solution heat treatment, and the lug making rate of the aluminum alloy plate treated by the method is obviously reduced and the lug making distribution is uniform after the aluminum alloy plate is stamped, so that the effect of improving the anisotropy of the aluminum alloy plate for the automobile in the forming process is achieved, and the integral performance of the aluminum alloy plate is improved under the condition that the strength meets the service condition.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum alloy plates, in particular to a method for improving the anisotropy of an aluminum alloy plate for an automobile body.
Background
Along with the development of the automobile industry, the three problems of energy, environmental protection and safety are more and more concerned by people, and the light weight of the automobile becomes an important means for solving the current problems.
Aluminum alloy has become a preferred material for light weight due to its characteristics of small density, high strength, good corrosion resistance and the like. The 6xxx series aluminum alloys are heat-treatable, strengthened alloys that have been widely used for automotive body panels and other parts due to their high specific strength, excellent corrosion resistance, and weldability. However, in the actual stamping process, the tab making, flanging and bending properties of the series alloy can not meet the requirements, and need to be further improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a method for improving the anisotropy of an aluminum alloy plate for an automobile body, and aims to solve the problem that the ear making, flanging and bending properties of the conventional aluminum alloy plate for the automobile body cannot meet the requirements in the actual stamping forming process.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a method of improving the anisotropy of an aluminum alloy sheet for automotive bodies, comprising:
firstly, performing intermediate annealing on the hot-rolled aluminum alloy plate to obtain an intermediate-annealed aluminum alloy plate;
step two, adopting a cross rolling process to carry out cold rolling deformation on the intermediate annealed aluminum alloy plate to obtain a cold-rolled deformed aluminum alloy plate;
and step three, carrying out solution heat treatment on the cold-rolled and deformed aluminum alloy plate to obtain a T4 state plate.
Wherein, when the intermediate annealing is carried out on the aluminum alloy plate after the hot rolling in the first step, the temperature of the intermediate annealing is 350-450 ℃; the time of intermediate annealing is 1-3 h.
When the intermediate annealing is carried out on the hot-rolled aluminum alloy plate in the first step, the temperature rise rate of the intermediate annealing is 20-30 ℃/h; the cooling rate of the intermediate annealing was 5 ℃/s.
When the intermediate annealing is carried out on the aluminum alloy plate after the hot rolling in the first step, the cooling method of the intermediate annealing comprises furnace cooling and/or air cooling.
And the cross rolling process in the step two is a cross rolling process of initially rolling along the original hot rolled plate and reversing after each rolling is finished.
And in the second step, a cross rolling process is adopted, and when the aluminum alloy plate subjected to intermediate annealing is subjected to cold rolling deformation, the rolling speed of each pass in the rolling process is consistent, and the strain amount is the same.
And in the second step, a cross rolling process is adopted, and the rolling speed for cold rolling deformation of the intermediate annealed aluminum alloy plate is 1 m/min.
And in the second step, a cross rolling process is adopted, and the rolling reduction of cold rolling deformation of the intermediate annealed aluminum alloy plate is 75-87%.
And in the third step, the solid solution temperature of the cold-rolled and deformed aluminum alloy plate is 540-550 ℃, the heat is preserved for 3-10 min, and then the aluminum alloy plate is quenched by water cooling to obtain a T4 state plate.
When the cold-rolled and deformed aluminum alloy plate is subjected to solution heat treatment in the third step, the temperature rise rate of the solution heat treatment is 5-10 ℃/s; the cooling rate of the solution heat treatment is 70-2000 ℃/s.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention adopts a mode of direct intermediate annealing of the hot rolled plate, changes the structure appearance and texture characteristics of the aluminum alloy after hot rolling, and retains certain recrystallization cubic texture and rolling texture of brass components through a cross rolling process, and after solution heat treatment, the crystal grains of the aluminum alloy plate are fine and uniformly distributed without obvious texture characteristics, thereby reducing the earing rate of the aluminum alloy plate in the stamping process and achieving the effect of obviously improving the plastic anisotropy of the aluminum alloy plate. The experimental result shows that after the aluminum alloy plate prepared by the intermediate annealing combined with the cross rolling process is subjected to lug making, the lug making rate is obviously reduced, the formability is excellent, and the aluminum alloy plate can be used as an automobile body.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of improving the anisotropy of an aluminum alloy sheet for automobile bodies according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-rolling process route diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the following detailed description is given with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Numerous studies have shown that the formability of alloys is mainly influenced by the distribution of the structure, intermetallic compounds and texture. Under the condition of certain components, the preparation process of the 6xxx series aluminum alloy comprises smelting and casting, homogenization, hot rolling, intermediate annealing, cold rolling and solution treatment, and certain rolling texture and recrystallization texture are formed, and the type and content of the texture have obvious influence on the forming performance and the anisotropy of the sheet material in the stamping process. The r value and the anisotropy delta r corresponding to each texture of the aluminum alloy are obtained through Taylor model simulation calculation, and the fact that the content of the strong Cube {001} <110> recrystallization texture formed after the automobile is subjected to solid solution is too high is found, so that the forming performance and the surface quality of the plate are reduced. The r value of the aluminum alloy plate can be obviously improved by the deformation texture Brass, Copper and S texture, so that the forming performance of the aluminum alloy plate can be properly improved if a plurality of common textures in the aluminum alloy plate are combined by proper volume fractions.
Based on the above, the present embodiment provides a method for improving the anisotropy of an aluminum alloy sheet material for automobile bodies, and as shown in fig. 1, the method for improving the anisotropy of an aluminum alloy sheet material for automobile bodies of the present embodiment comprises:
s101, performing intermediate annealing on the hot-rolled aluminum alloy plate to obtain an intermediate-annealed aluminum alloy plate;
wherein the thickness of the aluminum alloy plate after hot rolling in the step S101 is 6-10 mm, and the intermediate annealing temperature is 350-450 ℃ when the aluminum alloy plate after hot rolling is subjected to intermediate annealing; the time of intermediate annealing is 1-3 h; the temperature rise rate of the intermediate annealing is 20-30 ℃/h; the cooling rate of the intermediate annealing is 5 ℃/s; and the cooling method of the intermediate annealing can comprise furnace cooling and/or air cooling.
S102, cold rolling deformation is carried out on the aluminum alloy plate subjected to intermediate annealing by adopting a cross rolling process to obtain a cold-rolled deformed aluminum alloy plate;
the cross rolling process used in S102 is a cross rolling process that initially rolls along an original hot rolled plate and reverses after each rolling pass, as shown in fig. 2; the rolling speed of each pass in the rolling process is consistent, and the dependent variables are the same; the rolling speed for cold rolling deformation of the aluminum alloy plate subjected to intermediate annealing is 1 m/min; the rolling reduction is 75-87%; the thickness of the intermediate annealed aluminum alloy plate is 6-10 mm, and the thickness of the cold-rolled and deformed aluminum alloy plate is 0.8-1.5 mm.
And S103, carrying out solution heat treatment on the cold-rolled and deformed aluminum alloy plate to obtain a T4 state plate.
The solid solution temperature of the cold-rolled and deformed aluminum alloy plate in the step S103 is 540-550 ℃, and the aluminum alloy plate is subjected to water-cooling quenching after heat preservation for 3-10 min to obtain a T4 state plate; the temperature rise rate of the solution heat treatment is 5-10 ℃/s; the cooling rate of the solution heat treatment is 70-2000 ℃/s.
The method of the present embodiment is applicable to a 6 xxx-series aluminum alloy, and particularly to a 6016 aluminum alloy, which preferably includes the following components in parts by mass: mg: 03-0.7%, Si: 0.5-1.5%, Cu is less than or equal to 0.20%, Zn: less than or equal to 0.25 percent, less than or equal to 0.50 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.20 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.15 percent of Ti, less than or equal to 0.1 percent of Cr, and the balance of aluminum.
The efficacy of the method of this example is further illustrated below in conjunction with actual experimental data:
the first embodiment is as follows:
heating a 6014 aluminum alloy hot-rolled plate with the thickness of 6mm to 350 ℃ in a box-type resistance furnace at the heating rate of 20 ℃/h, heating the aluminum alloy, and keeping the temperature for 2h after the temperature is reached; then cooling along with furnace cooling at the speed of 5 ℃/s, cooling to room temperature to obtain the aluminum alloy after intermediate annealing, and then carrying out cross cold rolling along the rolling direction of the original hot rolled plate, wherein the rolling speed is 1m/min, and the final thickness of the cold rolling is 1.0 mm. And (3) carrying out solution heat treatment on the cold-rolled sheet, wherein the solution temperature is 550 ℃, and carrying out water-cooling quenching after heat preservation for 3min to obtain the T4 sheet.
According to the embodiment, according to the national standard of aluminum alloy plates for automobiles and GB/T15825.7-1995, the lug rate of the aluminum alloy plate obtained in the embodiment is detected by adopting an edge pressing force of 2000-2500 KN and an effective repeated test of each material for more than 3 times at a test speed of 0.3mm/s, and the measured lug rate is 2.5%, so that the aluminum alloy plate has good anisotropy and can be applied to the automobile industry.
Example two:
heating a 6016 aluminum alloy hot-rolled plate with the thickness of 7mm to 420 ℃ at the heating rate of 20 ℃/h in a box-type resistance furnace, heating the aluminum alloy, and keeping the temperature for 2h after the temperature is reached; then cooling along with furnace cooling at the speed of 5 ℃/s, cooling to room temperature to obtain the aluminum alloy after intermediate annealing, and then carrying out cross cold rolling along the rolling direction of the original hot rolled plate, wherein the rolling speed is 1m/min, and the final thickness of the cold rolling is 1.2 mm. And (3) carrying out solution heat treatment on the cold-rolled sheet, wherein the solution temperature is 550 ℃, and carrying out water-cooling quenching after heat preservation for 5min to obtain the T4 sheet.
According to the embodiment, according to the national standard of aluminum alloy plates for automobiles and GB/T15825.7-1995, the lug rate of the aluminum alloy plate obtained in the embodiment is detected by adopting an edge pressing force of 2000-2500 KN and an effective repeated test of each material for more than 3 times at a test speed of 0.3mm/s, and the lug rate is 2.96%, so that the aluminum alloy plate has good plastic anisotropy and can be applied to the automobile industry.
Comparative example one:
and (3) carrying out cold rolling on the 6016 aluminum alloy hot rolled plate with the thickness of 6mm along the rolling direction of the original hot rolled plate without intermediate annealing, wherein the rolling speed is 1m/min, and the final thickness of the cold rolled plate is 1.0 mm. And (3) carrying out solution heat treatment on the cold-rolled sheet, wherein the solution temperature is 550 ℃, and carrying out water-cooling quenching after heat preservation for 5min to obtain the T4 sheet.
According to the embodiment, according to the national standard of aluminum alloy plates for automobiles and GB/T15825.7-1995, the blank holder force is 2000-2500 KN, the test speed is 0.3mm/s, each material is effectively tested for more than 3 times, the lug rate of the aluminum alloy plate obtained in the embodiment is detected, the lug rate is 6.1%, and the lug making peak height and the lug making peak valley are obvious, so that the plastic anisotropy is poor, and the stamping preparation of the automobile body plate is not facilitated.
Comparative example two:
heating a 6016 aluminum alloy hot-rolled plate with the thickness of 7mm to 420 ℃ in a box-type resistance furnace at the heating rate of 20 ℃/h, heating the aluminum alloy, and keeping the temperature for 2h after the temperature is reached; then cooling along with furnace cooling at the speed of 5 ℃/s, cooling to room temperature to obtain the aluminum alloy after intermediate annealing, and then carrying out cold rolling along the transverse direction of the original hot rolled plate all the time, wherein the rolling speed is 1m/min, and the final thickness of the cold rolling is 1.2 mm. And (3) carrying out solution heat treatment on the cold-rolled sheet, wherein the solution temperature is 550 ℃, and carrying out water-cooling quenching after heat preservation for 5min to obtain the T4 sheet.
According to the embodiment, according to the national standard of aluminum alloy plates for automobiles and GB/T15825.7-1995, the blank holder force is 2000-2500 KN, the test speed is 0.3mm/s, each material is effectively tested for more than 3 times, the lug rate of the aluminum alloy plate obtained in the embodiment is detected, the lug rate is 8.2%, and the lug making peak height and the lug making peak valley are obvious, so that the plastic anisotropy is poor, and the stamping preparation of the automobile body plate is not facilitated.
In conclusion, the invention adopts a mode of direct intermediate annealing of the hot rolled plate, changes the structure appearance and texture characteristics of the aluminum alloy after hot rolling, retains a certain recrystallization cubic texture and a rolling texture of brass components through a cross rolling process, and after solution heat treatment, the crystal grains of the aluminum alloy plate are fine and uniformly distributed without obvious texture characteristics, thereby reducing the earing rate of the aluminum alloy plate in the stamping process and achieving the effect of obviously improving the plastic anisotropy of the aluminum alloy plate. The experimental result shows that after the aluminum alloy plate prepared by the intermediate annealing combined with the cross rolling process is subjected to lug making, the lug making rate is obviously reduced, the formability is excellent, and the aluminum alloy plate can be used as an automobile body.
Further, it should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or terminal apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or terminal apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or terminal that comprises the element.
It should be noted that while the above describes a preferred embodiment of the invention, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that, once the basic inventive concepts have been learned, numerous changes and modifications may be made without departing from the principles of the invention, which shall be deemed to be within the scope of the invention. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the embodiments of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method of improving the anisotropy of an aluminum alloy sheet for automotive bodies, comprising:
firstly, performing intermediate annealing on the hot-rolled aluminum alloy plate to obtain an intermediate-annealed aluminum alloy plate;
step two, adopting a cross rolling process to carry out cold rolling deformation on the intermediate annealed aluminum alloy plate to obtain a cold-rolled deformed aluminum alloy plate;
and step three, carrying out solution heat treatment on the cold-rolled and deformed aluminum alloy plate to obtain a T4 state plate.
2. The method for improving the anisotropy of an aluminum alloy sheet for automobile bodies as claimed in claim 1, wherein, in the first step, when the hot-rolled aluminum alloy sheet is subjected to the intermediate annealing, the temperature of the intermediate annealing is 350 to 450 ℃; the time of intermediate annealing is 1-3 h.
3. The method for improving the anisotropy of an aluminum alloy sheet for automobile bodies as set forth in claim 2, wherein, in the step one, when the hot-rolled aluminum alloy sheet is subjected to the intermediate annealing, the temperature rise rate of the intermediate annealing is 20 to 30 ℃/h; the cooling rate of the intermediate annealing was 5 ℃/s.
4. The method for improving the anisotropy of aluminum alloy sheets for automobile bodies according to claim 3, wherein, in the step one, when the hot-rolled aluminum alloy sheet is subjected to the intermediate annealing, the cooling method of the intermediate annealing comprises furnace cooling and/or air cooling.
5. The method for improving the anisotropy of aluminum alloy sheet for automobile bodies according to claim 1, wherein the cross-rolling process in the second step is a cross-rolling process in which the direction is reversed after each pass of rolling initially along the direction of the original hot-rolled sheet.
6. The method for improving the anisotropy of aluminum alloy sheets for automobile bodies according to claim 5, wherein, in the second step, a cross rolling process is adopted, and when the intermediate annealed aluminum alloy sheet is subjected to cold rolling deformation, the rolling speed of each pass in the rolling process is consistent, and the strain amount is the same.
7. The method for improving the anisotropy of aluminum alloy sheets for automobile bodies according to claim 6, wherein, in the second step, the cross rolling process is adopted, and the rolling speed for cold rolling deformation of the intermediate annealed aluminum alloy sheet is 1 m/min.
8. The method for improving the anisotropy of aluminum alloy sheets for automobile bodies according to claim 1, wherein the cross rolling process is used in the second step, and the rolling reduction for cold rolling deformation of the intermediate annealed aluminum alloy sheet is 75% to 87%.
9. The method for improving the anisotropy of the aluminum alloy sheet for the automobile body as claimed in claim 1, wherein the solution temperature of the solution heat treatment of the cold-rolled aluminum alloy sheet in the third step is 540-550 ℃, the temperature is kept for 3-10 min, and then the sheet is quenched by water cooling to obtain a T4 state sheet.
10. The method for improving the anisotropy of an aluminum alloy sheet for automobile bodies according to claim 9, wherein, in the third step, when the cold-rolled and deformed aluminum alloy sheet is subjected to solution heat treatment, the temperature increase rate of the solution heat treatment is 5 to 10 ℃/s; the cooling rate of the solution heat treatment is 70-2000 ℃/s.
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Cited By (5)
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CN112063817A (en) * | 2020-09-04 | 2020-12-11 | 山东南山铝业股份有限公司 | Secondary annealing production processing method for automobile plate |
CN112501481A (en) * | 2020-12-01 | 2021-03-16 | 吉林大学 | Al-Mg-Si alloy and preparation method thereof |
CN114657483A (en) * | 2020-12-23 | 2022-06-24 | 核工业理化工程研究院 | Method for reducing anisotropy of ultrahigh-strength aluminum alloy special-shaped component |
CN115109907A (en) * | 2022-07-25 | 2022-09-27 | 中铝瑞闽股份有限公司 | Preparation method for reducing anisotropy of aluminum alloy plate |
CN115305329A (en) * | 2022-07-25 | 2022-11-08 | 中铝瑞闽股份有限公司 | Preparation method of 6xxx series aluminum alloy plate strip with high surface quality |
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CN106756285A (en) * | 2016-11-16 | 2017-05-31 | 东北大学 | A kind of preparation method of 6022 aluminum alloy plate materials |
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JP2005177828A (en) * | 2003-12-22 | 2005-07-07 | Mitsubishi Alum Co Ltd | Method of producing brazing sheet excellent in strength and solder erosion resistance |
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CN112063817A (en) * | 2020-09-04 | 2020-12-11 | 山东南山铝业股份有限公司 | Secondary annealing production processing method for automobile plate |
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CN114657483A (en) * | 2020-12-23 | 2022-06-24 | 核工业理化工程研究院 | Method for reducing anisotropy of ultrahigh-strength aluminum alloy special-shaped component |
CN115109907A (en) * | 2022-07-25 | 2022-09-27 | 中铝瑞闽股份有限公司 | Preparation method for reducing anisotropy of aluminum alloy plate |
CN115305329A (en) * | 2022-07-25 | 2022-11-08 | 中铝瑞闽股份有限公司 | Preparation method of 6xxx series aluminum alloy plate strip with high surface quality |
CN115109907B (en) * | 2022-07-25 | 2023-10-24 | 中铝瑞闽股份有限公司 | Preparation method for reducing anisotropy of aluminum alloy plate |
CN115305329B (en) * | 2022-07-25 | 2023-10-27 | 中铝瑞闽股份有限公司 | Preparation method of 6xxx series aluminum alloy plate strip with high surface quality |
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