CN110943911A - High-efficiency data transmission method for Internet of things based on protobuf - Google Patents
High-efficiency data transmission method for Internet of things based on protobuf Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L51/00—User-to-user messaging in packet-switching networks, transmitted according to store-and-forward or real-time protocols, e.g. e-mail
- H04L51/04—Real-time or near real-time messaging, e.g. instant messaging [IM]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
- H04L67/01—Protocols
- H04L67/12—Protocols specially adapted for proprietary or special-purpose networking environments, e.g. medical networks, sensor networks, networks in vehicles or remote metering networks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
- H04L67/50—Network services
- H04L67/56—Provisioning of proxy services
- H04L67/561—Adding application-functional data or data for application control, e.g. adding metadata
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L69/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services independent of the application payload and not provided for in the other groups of this subclass
- H04L69/06—Notations for structuring of protocol data, e.g. abstract syntax notation one [ASN.1]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/50—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wire-line communication networks, e.g. low power modes or reduced link rate
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of Internet of things, and discloses a protobuf-based high-efficiency data transmission method for the Internet of things, which comprises the following steps: s1) the publisher acquires the message and uses protobuf to perform serialization processing on the message; s2) transmitting the serialized messages; s3) acquiring the serialized information by using the MQTT server, and performing deserialization on the serialized information by using protobuf; s4) the Subscriber obtains the serialized message and uses protobuf to perform deserialization processing on the serialized message. The method generates the source code by using the protobuf framework, uses the protobuf data protocol to carry out serialization processing and deserialization, can update the data structure without influencing a deployed program once the requirement is changed, can reduce the length of data carried in a message, and simultaneously reduces the serialization and deserialization cost of the data.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of Internet of things, in particular to a protobuf-based efficient data transmission method for the Internet of things.
Background
MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport) is a "lightweight" communication protocol based on publish/subscribe (publish/subscribe) mode, which is built on TCP/IP protocol, published by IBM in 1999, and has three identities in MQTT protocol: publisher (pushhash), Broker (Broker) (server), subscriber (Subscribe). The message publisher and the message subscriber are clients, the message broker is a server, and the message publisher can be a subscriber at the same time. The MQTT has the greatest advantage that a real-time reliable message service can be provided for connecting remote devices with few codes and limited bandwidth. As an instant messaging protocol with low cost and low bandwidth occupation, the method has wide application in the aspects of Internet of things, small-sized equipment, mobile application and the like.
The MQTT communication protocol is a protocol designed for remote sensor or control communication of a large number of networks with limited computing power and low bandwidth and unreliable, and has the following characteristics: 1) using publish/subscribe messaging schema, providing one-to-many message publishing, decoupling applications: 2) message transmission for load content shielding; 3) providing a network connection using TCP/IP; 4) there are three types of quality of service (Qos) for message distribution:
at most once: message distribution relies entirely on the underlying TCP/IP network. Message loss or duplication can occur. This level can be used in situations where environmental sensor data is lost, so it is not said that a read record is lost once, since a second transmission will occur in the near future.
At least once: message arrival is assured but message duplication may occur.
Only once: ensuring that the message arrives once. This level can be used in situations where message duplication or loss can lead to incorrect results in a billing system. The highest quality message publishing service can also be used for pushing instant messaging APP, so that the user can receive the APP only once.
In addition to the first message distribution quality of service, the message content needs to be temporarily stored. Meanwhile, in an actual project, the Broker side can collect published information and store the published information in various databases for data analysis, AI learning, strategy judgment and the like. Currently, the mainstream technology basically adopts json (javascript Object notification) format to store Payload data of a message in a message. Although simple to use and easy to understand, it has problems in the size of data storage and the speed of data processing. Especially for the data distribution occasions with the connection of the devices with the maximum level of 100 ten thousand, and more than 1 ten thousand times per second, the data unloading pressure of the Broker server is very large. In the environments of Internet of things and the like facing large-scale MQTT connection and having high event release throughput, the json-based Payload data storage scheme has the problems of large data size and low data processing speed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a protobuf-based efficient data transmission method for the Internet of things, so that the problems of large data size and low data processing speed of a json-based Payload data storage method in the prior art are solved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the method for transmitting the high-efficiency data of the Internet of things based on protobuf comprises the following steps:
s1) the publisher acquires the message and uses protobuf to perform serialization processing on the message;
s2) transmitting the serialized messages;
s3) acquiring the serialized information by using the MQTT server, and performing deserialization on the serialized information by using protobuf;
s4) the Subscriber obtains the serialized message and uses protobuf to perform deserialization processing on the serialized message.
MQTT employs a publish-subscribe (Subscriber) mode. The message publisher serializes the message before sending it to the MQTT server (i.e., Broker) via the network. After the Broker receives the data or the Subscriber receives the data, the deserialization of the message is also performed. The invention uses protobuf to serialize and deserialize the message (data message), and the size of the data message can be greatly reduced by sending the data message twice. Meanwhile, the time consumed by the serialization and deserialization of the data message can be greatly shortened.
Further, the message in step S1) includes a Fixed header (Fixed header), a variable header (variable header), and a packet Payload (Payload).
Further, the message payload in the message is serialized by using protobuf.
Further, the method performs deserialization processing on the message payload in the message by using protobuf.
Further, the serialization process comprises the following steps:
s11) defining a data structure, creating a schema file suffixed with proto;
s12) compiling the schema file by using a protoc tool to obtain a compiled software component;
s13) adding a dependence library of protobuf in the MQTT engineering;
s14) adding the compiled software components to the MQTT project;
s15) the message payload of the MQTT is coded by the binary system corresponding to the compiled software component.
Further, the deserialization process comprises the steps of:
s341) defining a data structure, and compiling a schema file with proto as a suffix;
s342) compiling the schema file by using a protoc tool to obtain a compiled software component;
s343) adding a protobuf dependency library in the MQTT engineering;
s344) adding the compiled software components to the MQTT project;
s345) decoding the message payload of the MQTT by using the binary system corresponding to the compiled software component.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method generates the source code by using the protobuf framework, uses the protobuf data protocol to carry out serialization processing and deserialization, can update the data structure without influencing a deployed program once the requirement is changed, can reduce the length of data carried in a data message, and simultaneously reduces the serialization and deserialization cost of the data.
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FIG. 1 is an overall flow chart of an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a serialization process according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of data transmission of MQTT communication protocol according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a graph comparing performance of protobuf and json according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a diagram of a comparison of the packet sizes of protobuf and json according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the invention, are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
In the first embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 and 3, a protobuf-based efficient data transmission method for an internet of things includes the following steps:
s1) the publisher obtains a message, where the message includes a fixed header, a variable header, and a message payload, and performs serialization processing on the message payload using protobuf, as shown in fig. 2, including the steps of:
s11) defining a data structure, creating a schema file suffixed with proto;
s12) compiling the schema file by using a protoc tool to obtain a compiled software component;
s13) adding a dependence library of protobuf in the MQTT engineering;
s14) adding the compiled software components to the MQTT project;
s15) the message payload of the MQTT is coded by the binary system corresponding to the compiled software component.
S2) transmitting the serialized messages;
s3) obtaining the information after the serialization processing by using an MQTT server (Broker), and performing deserialization processing on the message payload in the information after the serialization processing by using protobuf, comprising the following steps:
s31) defining a data structure, and writing a schema file with proto as a suffix;
s32) compiling the schema file by using a protoc tool to obtain a compiled software component;
s33) adding a dependence library of protobuf in the MQTT engineering;
s34) adding the compiled software components to the MQTT project;
s35) the message payload of the MQTT is decoded by using the binary system corresponding to the compiled software component.
S4) the Subscriber obtains the serialized message and uses protobuf to perform deserialization processing on the serialized message, including the steps:
s41) defining a data structure, and writing a schema file with proto as a suffix;
s42) compiling the schema file by using a protoc tool to obtain a compiled software component;
s43) adding a dependence library of protobuf in the MQTT engineering;
s44) adding the compiled software components to the MQTT project;
s45) the message payload of the MQTT is decoded by using the binary system corresponding to the compiled software component.
Taking Java as an example, protobuf is used in a payload entity of a message payload of MQTT for data serialization and deserialization, and the data serialization and deserialization are performed according to the following steps:
1) writing a schema file with proto as a suffix;
2) the proto file is compiled into a JavaBean by a protoc tool, and the JavaBean is a reusable Java component and comprises Properties such as Properties (Properties), Methods (Methods), Events (Events) and the like.
3) And (3) adding a dependence library of protobuf in MQTT engineering, and adding the JavaBean in the previous step to the engineering. The payload entity to the MQTT is coded with the corresponding binary of the JavaBean.
As shown in fig. 4, the ordinate indicates different types of data, and the abscissa indicates the processing speed. Jackson is a Java class library used for processing json format data, and protobuf is faster than json in the serialization and deserialization processing processes for various different types of data in terms of serialization processing speed, which shows that protobuf is greatly improved in serialization and deserialization performance. For the reduction of the packet size, as shown in fig. 5, Payload generated by protobuf is significantly reduced in size compared to json format.
By adopting the technical scheme disclosed by the invention, the following beneficial effects are obtained:
the method generates the source code by using the protobuf framework, uses the protobuf data protocol to carry out serialization processing and deserialization, can update the data structure without influencing a deployed program once the requirement is changed, can reduce the length of data carried in a message, and simultaneously reduces the serialization cost and the deserialization cost of the data.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and such modifications and improvements should also be considered within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The method for efficient data transmission of the Internet of things based on protobuf is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1) the publisher acquires the message and uses protobuf to perform serialization processing on the message;
s2) transmitting the serialized messages;
s3) acquiring the serialized information by using the MQTT server, and performing deserialization on the serialized information by using protobuf;
s4) the Subscriber obtains the serialized message and uses protobuf to perform deserialization processing on the serialized message.
2. The method for efficient data transmission of the internet of things based on protobuf as claimed in claim 1, wherein the message in step S1) includes a fixed header, a variable header and a message payload.
3. The method for efficient data transmission of the internet of things based on the protobuf as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the message payload in the message is serialized by using the protobuf.
4. The efficient data transmission method of the internet of things based on the protobuf as claimed in claim 3, wherein the message payload in the message is deserialized using protobuf.
5. The protobuf-based efficient data transmission method of the internet of things as claimed in claim 4, wherein the serialization processing comprises the steps of:
s11) defining a data structure, creating a schema file suffixed with proto;
s12) compiling the schema file by using a protoc tool to obtain a compiled software component;
s13) adding a dependence library of protobuf in the MQTT engineering;
s14) adding the compiled software components to the MQTT project;
s15) the message payload of the MQTT is coded by the binary system corresponding to the compiled software component.
6. The protobuf-based efficient data transmission method of the internet of things as claimed in claim 3 or 5, wherein the deserialization process comprises the steps of:
s341) defining a data structure, and compiling a schema file with proto as a suffix;
s342) compiling the schema file by using a protoc tool to obtain a compiled software component;
s343) adding a protobuf dependency library in the MQTT engineering;
s344) adding the compiled software components to the MQTT project;
s345) decoding the message payload of the MQTT by using the binary system corresponding to the compiled software component.
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| CN111917770A (en) * | 2020-07-31 | 2020-11-10 | 北京骑胜科技有限公司 | Device communication method, device and storage medium |
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| CN112698786A (en) * | 2020-12-25 | 2021-04-23 | 朗坤智慧科技股份有限公司 | High-frequency vibration data acquisition and storage method and device based on 5G network |
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| CN111917770A (en) * | 2020-07-31 | 2020-11-10 | 北京骑胜科技有限公司 | Device communication method, device and storage medium |
| CN111917770B (en) * | 2020-07-31 | 2022-09-20 | 北京骑胜科技有限公司 | Device communication method, device and storage medium |
| CN112087431A (en) * | 2020-08-14 | 2020-12-15 | 华新(北京)网络科技有限公司 | Internet of things data transmission method based on state password |
| CN112230968A (en) * | 2020-12-17 | 2021-01-15 | 清华四川能源互联网研究院 | Firmware updating method, device, server and computer readable storage medium |
| CN112698786A (en) * | 2020-12-25 | 2021-04-23 | 朗坤智慧科技股份有限公司 | High-frequency vibration data acquisition and storage method and device based on 5G network |
| CN112685727A (en) * | 2021-01-22 | 2021-04-20 | 读书郎教育科技有限公司 | Protobuf-based efficient identity authentication method |
| CN113114775A (en) * | 2021-04-17 | 2021-07-13 | 深圳前海云充科技有限公司 | Finite resource networking method, system, computer device and storage medium |
| CN114138867A (en) * | 2021-12-02 | 2022-03-04 | 杭州复杂美科技有限公司 | Block chain multi-item query method, computer device and storage medium |
| CN114268620A (en) * | 2021-12-13 | 2022-04-01 | 深圳供电局有限公司 | Data compression transmission method for intelligent equipment of Internet of things |
| CN114510357A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-05-17 | 北京空间飞行器总体设计部 | Satellite launching field test identification service message interaction method and system |
| CN114510357B (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2023-11-17 | 北京空间飞行器总体设计部 | Satellite transmitting field test authentication service message interaction method and system |
| CN114710541A (en) * | 2022-01-28 | 2022-07-05 | 赛纳生物科技(北京)有限公司 | Method for transmitting sequencing data |
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