CN110938729A - Deoxidizer for smelting nickel-chromium steel by electroslag furnace and deoxidation method thereof - Google Patents
Deoxidizer for smelting nickel-chromium steel by electroslag furnace and deoxidation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a deoxidizer for smelting nickel-chromium steel in an electroslag furnace and a deoxidizing method thereof, wherein the deoxidizer is a SiCa block, the total mass of the added SiCa block in each furnace is 6.5-7.5 Kg/ton of molten steel, the chemical components and the mass fraction of the SiCa block are that Ca is more than or equal to 32%, and Si: 55-65%, C is less than or equal to 0.8%, Al is less than or equal to 2.0%, P is less than or equal to 0.04%, and S is less than or equal to 0.05%. The SiCa block is used as a deoxidizer for smelting nickel-chromium steel in an electroslag furnace, so that the deoxidizer has a good deoxidizing effect, and a cast steel bar has high cleanliness.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electroslag furnace smelting, and particularly relates to a deoxidizer for smelting nickel-chromium steel in an electroslag furnace and a deoxidation method thereof.
Background
The electroslag furnace is a special smelting device which utilizes remelting current to generate heat energy to melt a consumable electrode inserted into a slag bath, and metal molten drops are crystallized into electroslag ingots in a water-cooled crystallizer after being cleaned by slag liquid.
A three-phase electroslag furnace with lining is a common equipment for electroslag metallurgy, and its smelting method is that the returned steel or Ni plate is laid on the bottom of the furnace to be powered and arc, the slag-forming agent is added, in the course of arc-forming, Si-Ca powder is added successively as arc-striking agent, after the solid slag is molten, it is fed into normal smelting stage, and the metal chromium and crystal silicon are mixed in batches and fed into the furnace to make smelting. In smelting, the crystalline silicon is used as a deoxidizer to remove oxygen in molten steel, but the deoxidation capability is not ideal by adopting the crystalline silicon for deoxidation.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a deoxidizer for smelting nickel chromium steel in an electroslag furnace and a deoxidizing method thereof, which aim to solve the problems that the deoxidizing effect is poor because crystalline silicon is adopted for deoxidizing in the prior art.
The invention realizes the purpose through the following technical scheme:
on one hand, the invention provides a deoxidizer for smelting nickel chromium steel in an electroslag furnace, wherein the deoxidizer is a SiCa block, the total mass of the added SiCa block in each furnace is 6.5-7.5 Kg/ton of molten steel, the chemical components and the mass fraction of the SiCa block are that Ca is more than or equal to 32%, and Si: 55-65%, C is less than or equal to 1.0%, Al is less than or equal to 2.4%, P is less than or equal to 0.04%, and S is less than or equal to 0.05%.
Further, the lumpiness of the deoxidizer is 20-50 mm.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a deoxidizing agent for nickel chromium steel using the electroslag furnace, which comprises,
before electroslag furnace smelting, adding a conductive material and an arc striking agent into the bottom of an electroslag furnace, and performing power supply and arc striking;
adding a slagging agent into an electroslag furnace in the power supply arc starting for melting and smelting;
adding the deoxidizer into the electroslag furnace in batches according to the adding mass of 0.9-1.1 kg/t molten steel every time from the beginning of electroslag furnace smelting to the end of the electroslag furnace smelting, wherein the interval time between adjacent batches is 3-4 min; the deoxidizer is SiCa blocks, the total mass of the added SiCa blocks in each furnace is 6.5-7.5 Kg/ton of molten steel, the chemical components and the mass fraction of the SiCa blocks are more than or equal to 32%, and the ratio of Si: 55-65%, C is less than or equal to 0.8%, Al is less than or equal to 2.0%, P is less than or equal to 0.04%, and S is less than or equal to 0.05%;
and tapping and casting when the electroslag furnace is finished.
Further, the conductive material is one or a mixture of two of metal chromium and a nickel plate, the adding mass of the conductive material is 50-80 kg, and the bulk degree of the metal chromium is 20-30 mm.
Further, the arc striking agent is Si-Ca powder, and the mass of the added arc striking agent is 0.7-1.3 kg.
Further, in the electroslag furnace smelting, when the amount of molten steel in the electroslag furnace is 33-37% of the volume of the electroslag furnace, silicon calcium powder is added into the electroslag furnace in batches, the total mass of the added silicon calcium powder is 4.5-5 kg/t of molten steel, and the mass of the added silicon calcium powder in each batch is 0.13-0.17 kg/t of molten steel.
Further, in the electroslag furnace smelting, after the molten steel in the electroslag furnace exceeds 40% of the volume of the electroslag furnace, when the deoxidizer and the calcium silicate powder are added, the slag in the electroslag furnace is stirred, and the stirring time is 10-20 s.
Further, the slagging agent comprises lime, fluorite and aluminum oxide.
Further, the adding mass of the lime is 28-32% of the amount of the electroslag furnace slag, and the lumpiness of the lime is 3-6 mm; the adding mass of the fluorite is 38-42% of the electroslag furnace slag, and the lumpiness of the fluorite is 3-6 mm; the adding mass of the aluminum oxide is 28-32% of the amount of the electroslag furnace slag, and the lumpiness of the aluminum oxide is less than or equal to 1 mm.
Further, the tapping temperature is 1580 +/-20 ℃.
The beneficial effects of the invention at least comprise:
the invention provides a deoxidizer for smelting nickel-chromium steel in an electroslag furnace and a deoxidizing method thereof, wherein the deoxidizer is a SiCa block, the total mass of the added SiCa block in each furnace is 6.5-7.5 Kg/ton of molten steel, the chemical components and the mass fraction of the SiCa block are that Ca is more than or equal to 32%, and Si: 55-65%, C is less than or equal to 0.8%, Al is less than or equal to 2.0%, P is less than or equal to 0.04%, and S is less than or equal to 0.05%. The SiCa block is added in the electroslag furnace smelting process, silicon can be increased, Si in the SiCa block can react with oxygen in molten steel to generate silicon dioxide, calcium in the SiCa block can react with oxygen in the molten steel to generate calcium oxide, and the generated calcium oxide can be combined with the silicon dioxide obtained by reaction to form a composite oxide, so that the activity of the silicon dioxide obtained by reaction is reduced, the reaction of the silicon in the SiCa block and the oxygen in the molten steel is further promoted, and the oxygen in the molten steel is further reduced.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a process step diagram of a deoxidation method for smelting nickel chromium steel by an electroslag furnace.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and examples, and the advantages and various effects of the present invention will be more clearly apparent therefrom. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that these specific embodiments and examples are for the purpose of illustrating the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
Throughout the specification, unless otherwise specifically noted, terms used herein should be understood as having meanings as commonly used in the art. Accordingly, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. If there is a conflict, the present specification will control.
Unless otherwise specifically stated, various raw materials, reagents, instruments, equipment and the like used in the present invention are commercially available or can be prepared by existing methods.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention has the following general idea:
on one hand, the embodiment of the invention provides a deoxidizer for smelting nickel chromium steel in an electroslag furnace, wherein the deoxidizer is a SiCa block, the total mass of the added SiCa block in each furnace is 6.5-7.5 Kg/ton of molten steel, the chemical components and the mass fraction of the SiCa block are that Ca is more than or equal to 32%, and Si: 55-65%, C is less than or equal to 0.8%, Al is less than or equal to 2.0%, P is less than or equal to 0.04%, and S is less than or equal to 0.05%.
Adding SiCa blocks to deoxidize in the smelting process, wherein on one hand, silicon can be added by adding the SiCa blocks, on the other hand, the Si in the SiCa blocks can also react with the oxygen in the molten steel to generate silicon dioxide, the calcium in the SiCa blocks can also react with the oxygen in the molten steel to generate calcium oxide, and the generated calcium oxide can be combined with the silicon dioxide obtained by the reaction to form composite oxide, so that the activity of the generated silicon dioxide is reduced, the reaction of the silicon in the SiCa blocks and the oxygen in the molten steel can be further promoted, and the oxygen in the molten steel is further reduced. The deoxidation of SiCa block Si belongs to precipitation deoxidation, the deoxidation speed is high, and the generated deoxidation product can be quickly gathered and floats to a slag layer to achieve the purpose of molten steel deoxidation.
Further, the lumpiness of the deoxidizer is 20-50 mm. The lumpiness of the deoxidizer in the present invention is represented by the maximum distance between both ends. The blockiness according to the present invention is the same as that described below.
In another aspect, the embodiment of the invention provides a deoxidation method using the deoxidizer, fig. 1 is a process step diagram of a deoxidation method for smelting nickel chromium steel by an electroslag furnace according to the embodiment of the invention, and with reference to fig. 1, the method includes,
s1, before the electroslag furnace smelting, adding the conducting material and the arc striking agent into the bottom of the electroslag furnace to strike arc for electricity.
When power is supplied for arc striking, the arc striking agent is added to promote the slag forming agent to be rapidly melted, the formed liquid slag can conduct electricity, and electric energy is converted into heat energy, so that the normal electroslag smelting process is carried out.
Further, the conductive material is one or a mixture of two of metal chromium and a nickel plate, the adding mass of the conductive material is 50-80 kg, and the bulk degree of the metal chromium is 20-30 mm. Because the smelting steel of the invention is nickel-chromium steel, the conductive material is one or a mixture of two of metal chromium and a nickel plate, and the addition amount of the conductive material is based on the alloy composition requirement, so that the conductive arcing can be successfully carried out.
Further, the arc striking agent is Si-Ca powder, and the mass of the added arc striking agent is 0.7-1.3 kg.
And S2, adding a slag former into the electroslag furnace in the power supply arc striking for melting and smelting.
Further, the slagging agent comprises lime, fluorite and aluminum oxide.
Further, the adding mass of the lime is 28-32% of the amount of the electroslag furnace slag, and the lumpiness of the lime is 3-6 mm; the adding mass of the fluorite is 38-42% of the electroslag furnace slag, and the lumpiness of the fluorite is 3-6 mm; the adding mass of the aluminum oxide is 28-32% of the amount of the electroslag furnace slag, and the lumpiness of the aluminum oxide is less than or equal to 1 mm.
The lime is used for slagging to adsorb impurities in the molten steel, and the cleanliness of the molten steel is improved. Fluorite can improve the mobility of sediment, improves the effect of adsorbing and mixing with. The aluminum oxide is added, so that the resistance of the furnace slag can be increased, the heat productivity of the furnace slag is improved, the melting speed of the alloy material is accelerated, meanwhile, the alkalinity of the furnace slag can not be reduced by adding the aluminum oxide, and the chemical erosion of the furnace slag to an alkaline furnace lining can also be reduced. The adding sequence of the slag former is lime-fluorite-aluminum oxide, the adding sequence can ensure uninterrupted arcing, firstly, blocky lime and fluorite are added and accumulated around the conductive electrode, and powdery aluminum oxide is added after the electrode and the furnace bottom conductive material are completely contacted with the conductive arc striking, so that the arc striking operation of the powdery aluminum oxide flowing between the electrode and the furnace bottom conductive material, the insulating electrode and the furnace bottom conductive material is avoided.
And S3, adding the deoxidizer into the electroslag furnace in batches by adding molten steel of 0.9-1.1 kg/t each time by mass from the beginning of electroslag furnace smelting to the end of the electroslag furnace smelting, wherein the interval time between adjacent batches is 3-4 min. The deoxidizer is SiCa blocks, the total mass of the added SiCa blocks in each furnace is 6.5-7.5 Kg/ton of molten steel, the chemical components and the mass fraction of the SiCa blocks are more than or equal to 32%, and the ratio of Si: 55-65%, C is less than or equal to 0.8%, Al is less than or equal to 2.0%, P is less than or equal to 0.04%, and S is less than or equal to 0.05%;
in the smelting process of the electroslag furnace, the reaction in molten steel is difficult to reach balance in a short time, so the deoxidizer is added into the molten steel in batches for deoxidation, the deoxidation effect of the deoxidizer is further exerted, the deoxidation reaction is thorough, and meanwhile, the deoxidation product floats to a slag layer for smelting in a required time, so the deoxidation effect of adding in batches and carrying out deoxidation in stages is better, and the deoxidation product is not easy to remain in the molten steel. The SiCa block is used as a deoxidizer, on one hand, silicon can be increased by adding the SiCa block, on the other hand, Si in the SiCa block can react with oxygen in molten steel to generate silicon dioxide, calcium in the SiCa block can react with oxygen in the molten steel to generate calcium oxide, and the generated calcium oxide can be combined with the silicon dioxide obtained by reaction to form a composite oxide, so that the activity of the generated silicon dioxide is reduced, the reaction of silicon in the SiCa block and the oxygen in the molten steel can be further promoted, and the oxygen in the molten steel is further reduced. The deoxidation of SiCa block Si belongs to precipitation deoxidation, the deoxidation speed is high, and the generated deoxidation product can be quickly gathered and floats to a slag layer to achieve the purpose of molten steel deoxidation.
Further, in the electroslag furnace smelting, when the amount of molten steel in the electroslag furnace is 33-37% of the volume of the electroslag furnace, silicon calcium powder is added into the electroslag furnace in batches, the total mass of the added silicon calcium powder is 4.5-5 kg/t of molten steel, and the mass of the added silicon calcium powder in each batch is 0.13-0.17 kg/t of molten steel. The SiCa powder belongs to a diffusion deoxidizer, and the purpose of using the diffusion deoxidizer is to remove unstable oxides in slag and achieve the purpose of reducing the oxygen content in the slag. In the deoxidation reaction process, when the amount of molten steel in the electroslag furnace is 30-40% of the volume of the electroslag furnace, adding calcium silicate powder into the electroslag furnace, wherein the calcium silicate powder is added into slag on molten steel for multiple times, and SiCa powder is added into 300g/t of molten steel every time.
Further, in the electroslag furnace smelting, after the molten steel in the electroslag furnace exceeds 40% of the volume of the electroslag furnace, when the deoxidizer and the calcium silicate powder are added, the slag in the electroslag furnace is stirred, and the stirring time is 10-20 s. The slag in the electroslag furnace is stirred, so that the dynamic conditions of SiCa block precipitation deoxidation and silico-calcium powder diffusion deoxidation reaction can be improved, the deoxidation reaction degree is further improved, and the cleanliness of molten steel in the electroslag furnace is improved.
And S4, tapping and casting when the electroslag furnace is smelted.
Further, the tapping temperature is 1580 +/-20 ℃.
The tapping temperature is reasonably set based on the melting point, the superheat degree and the casting temperature drop of steel, and argon blowing refining is carried out for 3 minutes after tapping to a tundish according to the characteristics that nickel-chromium steel is easy to absorb hydrogen and impurities are gathered. The purpose of further deoxidizing, degassing and removing impurities is achieved. The steel bar is obtained after casting, can be used for electrodes for electroslag remelting, and has the length of 2000mm and the diameter of 90 mm. The hydrogen content in the steel bar is detected to be less than 3PPm, the oxygen content is detected to be less than 60PPm, and the content of four types of impurities is detected to be less than 0.5 grade.
The invention provides a deoxidation method for smelting nickel-chromium steel in an electroslag furnace, which adopts SiCa block as a deoxidizer to replace the traditional crystallized silicon for deoxidation reaction, on one hand, the added SiCa block can increase silicon, on the other hand, Si in the SiCa block can also react with oxygen in molten steel to generate silicon dioxide, calcium in the SiCa block can also react with oxygen in the molten steel to generate calcium oxide, and the generated calcium oxide can be combined with the silicon dioxide obtained by reaction to generate composite oxide, thereby reducing the activity of the produced silicon dioxide, further promoting the reaction of silicon in the SiCa block and oxygen in the molten steel, and further reducing the oxygen in the molten steel. The deoxidation of SiCa block Si belongs to precipitation deoxidation, the deoxidation speed is high, and the generated deoxidation product can be quickly gathered and floats to a slag layer to achieve the purpose of molten steel deoxidation.
The technical solution of the present invention will be further described with reference to specific examples.
TABLE 1
| Item | Ca，％ | Si，％ | C，％ | Al，％ | P，％ | S，％ |
| Example 1 | 33 | 58 | 0·2 | 1·5 | 0·03 | 0·04 |
| Example 2 | 38 | 62 | 0·5 | 1·2 | 0·03 | 0·03 |
| Example 3 | 42 | 65 | 0·3 | 1·3 | 0·04 | 0·03 |
| Example 4 | 32 | 62 | 0·7 | 1·8 | 0·03 | 0·03 |
| Example 5 | 43 | 59 | 0·6 | 1·5 | 0·02 | 0·04 |
| Example 6 | 35 | 59 | 0·5 | 1·6 | 0·03 | 0·05 |
| Example 7 | 34 | 57 | 0·7 | 1·7 | 0·02 | 0·05 |
| Example 8 | 36 | 56 | 0·8 | 1·9 | 0·03 | 0·04 |
| Example 9 | 33 | 68 | 0·3 | 1·6 | 0·03 | 0·03 |
| Example 10 | 37 | 68 | 0·6 | 1·6 | 0·04 | 0·05 |
Example 1
Example 1 provides a deoxidation method for electroslag furnace smelting of nickel chromium steel, which comprises,
before electroslag smelting, 58kg of metal chromium with the lumpiness of 20-30 mm and 0.8kg of Si-Ca powder are added into the bottom of an electroslag furnace to start arc by power supply. And sequentially adding lime with the block size of 3-6 mm and the mass of 29kg, fluorite with the block size of 3-6 mm and the mass of 38kg and aluminum oxide with the block size of less than or equal to 1 and the mass of 30kg into the electroslag furnace in the power supply arc starting for melting and smelting. Adding SiCa blocks into the electroslag furnace in batches according to the adding mass of 0.9Kg/t molten steel every time from the beginning of electroslag furnace smelting to the end of the electroslag furnace smelting, wherein the interval time between every two adjacent batches is 3min, the total mass of the SiCa blocks is 6.7 Kg/ton molten steel, and the chemical components and the mass fraction of the SiCa blocks are shown in Table 1. In the electroslag furnace smelting, when the amount of molten steel in an electroslag furnace is 34 percent of the volume of the electroslag furnace, adding the calcium silicate powder into the electroslag furnace in batches, adding the molten steel with the total mass of 4.6kg/t, and adding the molten steel with the mass of 0.13-0.17 kg/t each time. And when the molten steel in the electroslag furnace exceeds 40% of the volume of the electroslag furnace, stirring the slag in the electroslag furnace while adding SiCa blocks and calcium silicate powder, wherein the stirring time is 10-20 s. And when the electroslag furnace is smelted, tapping is cast, the tapping temperature is 1580 ℃, the slag amount is 100kg, and the volume of the electroslag furnace is 2 tons.
Example 2
Embodiment 2 provides a deoxidation method for electroslag furnace smelting of nickel chromium steel, which comprises the following steps,
before electroslag smelting, 79kg of nickel plate and 1.3kg of Si-Ca powder are added into the bottom of an electroslag furnace, and arc striking is carried out by power supply. And sequentially adding lime with the block size of 3-6 mm and the mass of 32kg, fluorite with the block size of 3-6 mm and the mass of 39kg and aluminum oxide with the block size of less than or equal to 1 and the mass of 29kg into the electroslag furnace in the power supply arc starting for melting and smelting. Adding SiCa blocks into the electroslag furnace in batches according to the adding mass of 0.9Kg/t molten steel every time from the beginning of electroslag furnace smelting to the end of the electroslag furnace smelting, wherein the interval time between every two adjacent batches is 3min, the total mass of the added SiCa blocks is 7.0Kg/t molten steel, and the chemical components and the mass fraction of the SiCa blocks are shown in Table 1. In the electroslag furnace smelting, when the amount of molten steel in an electroslag furnace is 35 percent of the volume of the electroslag furnace, adding silicon calcium powder into the electroslag furnace in batches, adding molten steel with the total mass of 4.7kg/t, and adding molten steel with the mass of 0.13-0.17 kg/t each time. And when the molten steel in the electroslag furnace exceeds 40% of the volume of the electroslag furnace, stirring the slag in the electroslag furnace while adding SiCa blocks and calcium silicate powder, wherein the stirring time is 10-20 s. And when the electroslag furnace is smelted, tapping and casting are carried out, wherein the tapping temperature is 1592 ℃, the slag amount is 100kg, and the volume of the electroslag furnace is 2 tons.
Example 3
Embodiment 3 provides a deoxidation method for electroslag furnace smelting of nickel chromium steel, which comprises the following steps,
before electroslag smelting, 62kg of nickel plate and 1.3kg of Si-Ca powder are added into the bottom of an electroslag furnace, and arc striking is carried out by power supply. And sequentially adding lime with the block size of 3-6 mm and the mass of 30kg, fluorite with the block size of 3-6 mm and 41kg and aluminum oxide with the block size of less than or equal to 1 and the mass of 30kg into the electroslag furnace in the power supply arc starting for melting and smelting. Adding SiCa blocks into the electroslag furnace in batches according to the adding mass of 1.0Kg/t molten steel every time from the beginning of electroslag furnace smelting to the end of the electroslag furnace smelting, wherein the interval time between every two adjacent batches is 3min, the total mass of the SiCa blocks is 7.0 Kg/ton molten steel, and the chemical components and the mass fraction of the SiCa blocks are shown in Table 1. In the electroslag furnace smelting, when the amount of molten steel in an electroslag furnace is 37 percent of the volume of the electroslag furnace, adding silicon calcium powder into the electroslag furnace in batches, adding molten steel with the total mass of 4.6kg/t, and adding molten steel with the mass of 0.13-0.17 kg/t each time. And when the molten steel in the electroslag furnace exceeds 40% of the volume of the electroslag furnace, stirring the slag in the electroslag furnace while adding SiCa blocks and calcium silicate powder, wherein the stirring time is 10-20 s. And when the electroslag furnace is smelted, tapping is cast, the tapping temperature is 1568 ℃, the slag amount is 100kg, and the volume of the electroslag furnace is 2 tons.
Example 4
Embodiment 4 provides a deoxidation method for electroslag furnace smelting of nickel chromium steel, which comprises the following steps,
before electroslag smelting, 55kg of metal chromium with the lumpiness of 20-30 mm and 1.1kg of Si-Ca powder are added into the bottom of an electroslag furnace to perform power supply and arc striking. And sequentially adding lime with the block size of 3-6 mm and the mass of 31kg, fluorite with the block size of 3-6 mm and 39kg and aluminum oxide with the block size of less than or equal to 1 and the mass of 31kg into the electroslag furnace in the power supply arc starting for melting and smelting. Adding SiCa blocks into the electroslag furnace in batches according to the adding mass of 0.9Kg/t molten steel every time from the beginning of electroslag furnace smelting to the end of the electroslag furnace smelting, wherein the interval time between every two adjacent batches is 3min, the total mass of the added SiCa blocks is 7.4Kg/t molten steel, and the chemical components and the mass fraction of the SiCa blocks are shown in Table 1. In the electroslag furnace smelting, when the amount of molten steel in an electroslag furnace is 35 percent of the volume of the electroslag furnace, adding silicon calcium powder into the electroslag furnace in batches, adding molten steel with the total mass of 4.7kg/t, and adding molten steel with the mass of 0.13-0.17 kg/t each time. And when the molten steel in the electroslag furnace exceeds 40% of the volume of the electroslag furnace, stirring the slag in the electroslag furnace while adding SiCa blocks and calcium silicate powder, wherein the stirring time is 10-20 s. And when the electroslag furnace smelting is finished, tapping and casting are carried out, the tapping temperature is 1579 ℃, the slag amount is 100kg, and the volume of the electroslag furnace is 2 tons.
Example 5
Example 5 provides a deoxidation method for electroslag furnace nickel chromium steel, which comprises,
before electroslag smelting, 78kg of nickel plate and 0.9kg of Si-Ca powder are added into the bottom of an electroslag furnace, and arc striking is carried out by power supply. And sequentially adding lime with the block size of 3-6 mm and the mass of 29kg, fluorite with the block size of 3-6 mm and 41kg and aluminum oxide with the block size of less than or equal to 1 and the mass of 28kg into the electroslag furnace in the power supply arc starting for melting and smelting. Adding SiCa blocks into the electroslag furnace in batches according to the adding mass of 1.0Kg/t molten steel every time from the beginning of electroslag furnace smelting to the end of the electroslag furnace smelting, wherein the interval time between every two adjacent batches is 3min, the total mass of the added SiCa blocks is 6.8Kg/t molten steel, and the chemical components and the mass fraction of the SiCa blocks are shown in Table 1. In the electroslag furnace smelting, when the amount of molten steel in an electroslag furnace is 34 percent of the volume of the electroslag furnace, adding the calcium silicate powder into the electroslag furnace in batches, adding the molten steel with the total mass of 4.9kg/t, and adding the molten steel with the mass of 0.13-0.17 kg/t each time. And when the molten steel in the electroslag furnace exceeds 40% of the volume of the electroslag furnace, stirring the slag in the electroslag furnace while adding SiCa blocks and calcium silicate powder, wherein the stirring time is 10-20 s. And when the electroslag furnace is smelted, tapping is cast, the tapping temperature is 1580 ℃, the slag amount is 100kg, and the volume of the electroslag furnace is 2 tons.
Example 6
Example 6 provides a deoxidation method for electroslag furnace nickel chromium steel, which comprises,
before electroslag smelting, 65kg of nickel plate and 1.3kg of Si-Ca powder are added into the bottom of an electroslag furnace, and arc striking is carried out by power supply. And sequentially adding lime with the block size of 3-6 mm and the mass of 28kg, fluorite with the block size of 3-6 mm and 39kg and aluminum oxide with the block size of less than or equal to 1 and the mass of 32kg into the electroslag furnace in the power supply arc starting for melting and smelting. Adding SiCa blocks into the electroslag furnace in batches according to the adding mass of 0.9Kg/t molten steel every time from the beginning of electroslag furnace smelting to the end of the electroslag furnace smelting, wherein the interval time between every two adjacent batches is 3min, the total mass of the added SiCa blocks is 7.4Kg/t molten steel, and the chemical components and the mass fraction of the SiCa blocks are shown in Table 1. In the electroslag furnace smelting, when the amount of molten steel in an electroslag furnace is 36 percent of the volume of the electroslag furnace, adding silicon calcium powder into the electroslag furnace in batches, adding molten steel with the total mass of 4.7kg/t, and adding molten steel with the mass of 0.13-0.17 kg/t each time. And when the molten steel in the electroslag furnace exceeds 40% of the volume of the electroslag furnace, stirring the slag in the electroslag furnace while adding SiCa blocks and calcium silicate powder, wherein the stirring time is 10-20 s. And when the electroslag furnace is smelted, tapping is cast, the tapping temperature is 1589 ℃, the slag amount is 100kg, and the volume of the electroslag furnace is 2 tons.
Example 7
Example 7 provides a deoxidation method for electroslag furnace nickel chromium steel, which comprises,
before electroslag smelting, 30kg of a mixture of metal chromium with the lumpiness of 20-30 mm, 32kg of a nickel plate and 1.2kg of Si-Ca powder are added into the bottom of an electroslag furnace to perform power supply and arc striking. And sequentially adding lime with the block size of 3-6 mm and the mass of 31kg, fluorite with the block size of 3-6 mm and 42kg and aluminum oxide with the block size of less than or equal to 1 and the mass of 30kg into the electroslag furnace in the power supply arc starting for melting and smelting. Adding SiCa blocks into the electroslag furnace in batches according to the adding mass of 1.1Kg/t molten steel every time from the beginning of electroslag furnace smelting to the end of the electroslag furnace smelting, wherein the interval time between every two adjacent batches is 3min, the total mass of the added SiCa blocks is 7.4Kg/t molten steel, and the chemical components and the mass fraction of the SiCa blocks are shown in Table 1. In the electroslag furnace smelting, when the amount of molten steel in an electroslag furnace is 33 percent of the volume of the electroslag furnace, adding silicon calcium powder into the electroslag furnace in batches, adding molten steel with the total mass of 4.6kg/t, and adding molten steel with the mass of 0.13-0.17 kg/t each time. And when the molten steel in the electroslag furnace exceeds 40% of the volume of the electroslag furnace, stirring the slag in the electroslag furnace while adding SiCa blocks and calcium silicate powder, wherein the stirring time is 10-20 s. And when the electroslag furnace is smelted, tapping and casting are carried out, wherein the tapping temperature is 1593 ℃, the slag amount is 100kg, and the volume of the electroslag furnace is 2 tons.
Example 8
Embodiment 8 provides a deoxidation method for electroslag furnace nickel chromium steel, which comprises the following steps,
before electroslag smelting, 20kg of metal chromium with the lumpiness of 20-30 mm, 45kg of nickel plate and 1.0kg of Si-Ca powder are added into the bottom of an electroslag furnace to be electrified and arc-struck. And sequentially adding lime with the block size of 3-6 mm and the mass of 31kg, fluorite with the block size of 3-6 mm and 41kg and aluminum oxide with the block size of less than or equal to 1 and the mass of 30kg into the electroslag furnace in the power supply arc starting for melting and smelting. Adding SiCa blocks into the electroslag furnace in batches according to the adding mass of 0.9Kg/t molten steel every time from the beginning of electroslag furnace smelting to the end of the electroslag furnace smelting, wherein the interval time between every two adjacent batches is 3min, the total mass of the added SiCa blocks is 6.7Kg/t molten steel, and the chemical components and the mass fraction of the SiCa blocks are shown in Table 1. In the electroslag furnace smelting, when the amount of molten steel in an electroslag furnace is 35 percent of the volume of the electroslag furnace, adding silicon calcium powder into the electroslag furnace in batches, adding molten steel with the total mass of 4.5kg/t, and adding molten steel with the mass of 0.13-0.17 kg/t each time. And when the molten steel in the electroslag furnace exceeds 40% of the volume of the electroslag furnace, stirring the slag in the electroslag furnace while adding SiCa blocks and calcium silicate powder, wherein the stirring time is 10-20 s. And when the electroslag furnace is smelted, tapping and casting are carried out, wherein the tapping temperature is 1592 ℃, the slag amount is 100kg, and the volume of the electroslag furnace is 2 tons.
Example 9
Example 9 provides a deoxidation method for electroslag furnace nickel chromium steel, comprising,
before electroslag smelting, 75kg of metal chromium with the lumpiness of 20-30 mm and 1.2kg of Si-Ca powder are added into the bottom of an electroslag furnace to be electrified and arc-struck. And sequentially adding lime with the block size of 3-6 mm and the mass of 30kg, fluorite with the block size of 3-6 mm and 39kg and aluminum oxide with the block size of less than or equal to 1 and the mass of 29kg into the electroslag furnace in the power supply arc starting for melting and smelting. Adding SiCa blocks into the electroslag furnace in batches according to the adding mass of 0.9Kg/t molten steel every time from the beginning of electroslag furnace smelting to the end of the electroslag furnace smelting, wherein the interval time between every two adjacent batches is 3min, the total mass of the added SiCa blocks is 6.7Kg/t molten steel, and the chemical components and the mass fraction of the SiCa blocks are shown in Table 1. In the electroslag furnace smelting, when the amount of molten steel in an electroslag furnace is 35 percent of the volume of the electroslag furnace, adding silicon calcium powder into the electroslag furnace in batches, adding molten steel with the total mass of 4.5kg/t, and adding molten steel with the mass of 0.13-0.17 kg/t each time. And when the molten steel in the electroslag furnace exceeds 40% of the volume of the electroslag furnace, stirring the slag in the electroslag furnace while adding SiCa blocks and calcium silicate powder, wherein the stirring time is 10-20 s. And when the electroslag furnace is smelted, tapping and casting are carried out, wherein the tapping temperature is 1592 ℃, the slag amount is 100kg, and the volume of the electroslag furnace is 2 tons.
Example 10
Example 10 provides a deoxidation method for electroslag furnace nickel chromium steel, the method comprising,
before electroslag smelting, 76kg of metal chromium with the lumpiness of 20-30 mm and 1.1kg of Si-Ca powder are added into the bottom of an electroslag furnace to be electrified and arc-struck. And sequentially adding lime with the block size of 3-6 mm and the mass of 30kg, fluorite with the block size of 3-6 mm and 39kg and aluminum oxide with the block size of less than or equal to 1 and the mass of 29kg into the electroslag furnace in the power supply arc starting for melting and smelting. Adding SiCa blocks into the electroslag furnace in batches according to the adding mass of 1.0Kg/t molten steel every time from the beginning of electroslag furnace smelting to the end of the electroslag furnace smelting, wherein the interval time between every two adjacent batches is 3min, the total mass of the added SiCa blocks is 7.0Kg/t molten steel, and the chemical components and the mass fraction of the SiCa blocks are shown in Table 1. In the electroslag furnace smelting, when the amount of molten steel in an electroslag furnace is 34 percent of the volume of the electroslag furnace, adding the calcium silicate powder into the electroslag furnace in batches, adding the molten steel with the total mass of 4.5kg/t, and adding the molten steel with the mass of 0.13-0.17 kg/t each time. And when the molten steel in the electroslag furnace exceeds 40% of the volume of the electroslag furnace, stirring the slag in the electroslag furnace while adding SiCa blocks and calcium silicate powder, wherein the stirring time is 10-20 s. And when the electroslag furnace is smelted, tapping is cast, the tapping temperature is 1562 ℃, the slag amount is 100kg, and the volume of the electroslag furnace is 2 tons.
Comparative examples 1 and 5 nickel chromium steel was smelted in an electroslag furnace using crystalline silicon as a deoxidizer.
Samples of the nickel chromium steels obtained by smelting in examples 1 to 10 and comparative examples 1 to 5 were subjected to total oxygen test and tensile strength test, and the test results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2
| Item | Oxygen in nickel chromium Steel, ppm | Tensile strength, MPa |
| Example 1 | 39 | 870 |
| Example 2 | 43 | 840 |
| Example 3 | 38 | 875 |
| Example 4 | 34 | 850 |
| Example 5 | 32 | 865 |
| Example 6 | 55 | 835 |
| Example 7 | 34 | 860 |
| Example 8 | 33 | 865 |
| Example 9 | 27 | 880 |
| Example 10 | 32 | 860 |
| Comparative example 1 | 86 | 795 |
| Comparative example 2 | 122 | 755 |
| Comparative example 3 | 102 | 780 |
| Comparative example 4 | 78 | 805 |
| Comparative example 5 | 102 | 785 |
According to the data in table 2, the total oxygen content of the nickel-chromium steel cast by the deoxidation method of the invention in the embodiment 1 to the embodiment 5 is 27-55 ppm, and the total oxygen content of the nickel-chromium steel cast by the deoxidation method of the comparative example 1 to the comparative example 5 is 78-122 ppm, and the results show that the deoxidation effect of the deoxidation method of the invention is greatly improved compared with that of the comparative example 1 to the comparative example 5, and the method is worthy of application and popularization.
Finally, it should also be noted that the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (10)
1. The deoxidizer for smelting nickel chromium steel in the electroslag furnace is characterized by being SiCa blocks, the total mass of the added SiCa blocks in each furnace is 6.5-7.5 Kg/ton of molten steel, the chemical components and the mass fraction of the SiCa blocks are that Ca is more than or equal to 32%, and Si: 55-65%, C is less than or equal to 1.0%, Al is less than or equal to 2.4%, P is less than or equal to 0.04%, and S is less than or equal to 0.05%.
2. The deoxidizer for smelting nickel chromium steel by an electroslag furnace according to claim 1, wherein the lumpiness of the deoxidizer is 20-50 mm.
3. A deoxidation method using the deoxidizer for electroslag furnace nickel chromium steel smelting according to any one of claims 1 to 2, which is characterized in that the method comprises,
before electroslag furnace smelting, adding a conductive material and an arc striking agent into the bottom of an electroslag furnace, and performing power supply and arc striking;
adding a slagging agent into an electroslag furnace in the power supply arc starting for melting and smelting;
adding the deoxidizer into the electroslag furnace in batches according to the adding mass of 0.9-1.1 kg/t molten steel every time from the beginning of electroslag furnace smelting to the end of the electroslag furnace smelting, wherein the interval time between adjacent batches is 3-4 min; the deoxidizer is SiCa blocks, the total mass of the added SiCa blocks in each furnace is 6.5-7.5 Kg/ton of molten steel, the chemical components and the mass fraction of the SiCa blocks are more than or equal to 32%, and the ratio of Si: 55-65%, C is less than or equal to 0.8%, Al is less than or equal to 2.0%, P is less than or equal to 0.04%, and S is less than or equal to 0.05%;
and tapping and casting when the electroslag furnace is finished.
4. The deoxidation method for nickel chromium steel smelting in an electroslag furnace according to claim 3, wherein the conductive material is one or a mixture of two of metal chromium and a nickel plate, the adding mass of the conductive material is 50-80 kg, and the bulk degree of the metal chromium is 20-30 mm.
5. The deoxidation method for nickel chromium steel smelting in an electroslag furnace as claimed in claim 3, wherein the arc initiator is Si-Ca powder, and the added mass of the arc initiator is 0.7-1.3 kg.
6. The deoxidation method for nickel-chromium steel smelted by an electroslag furnace according to claim 3, characterized in that in the electroslag furnace smelting, when the amount of molten steel in the electroslag furnace is 33-37% of the volume of the electroslag furnace, silicon calcium powder is added into the electroslag furnace in batches, the total mass of the added silicon calcium powder is 4.5-5 kg/t of molten steel, and the added mass of the silicon calcium powder per batch is 0.13-0.17 kg/t of molten steel.
7. The deoxidation method for nickel chromium steel in electroslag furnace smelting according to claim 3 or 6, characterized in that in the electroslag furnace smelting, after the molten steel in the electroslag furnace exceeds 40% of the volume of the electroslag furnace, when the deoxidizer and the calcium silicon powder are added, the slag in the electroslag furnace is stirred, and the stirring time is 10-20 s.
8. The deoxidation method for electroslag furnace nickel chromium steel according to claim 3, wherein the slag former comprises lime, fluorite and alumina.
9. The deoxidation method for nickel chromium steel smelting by an electroslag furnace according to claim 8, wherein the mass of the added lime is 28-32% of the amount of the electroslag furnace slag, and the lumpiness of the lime is 3-6 mm; the adding mass of the fluorite is 38-42% of the electroslag furnace slag, and the lumpiness of the fluorite is 3-6 mm; the adding mass of the aluminum oxide is 28-32% of the amount of the electroslag furnace slag, and the lumpiness of the aluminum oxide is less than or equal to 1 mm.
10. The deoxidation method for electroslag furnace nickel chromium steel according to claim 3, wherein the tapping temperature is 1580 ± 20 ℃.
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