CN110932968A - Flow forwarding method and device - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a flow forwarding method and a device, wherein the method comprises the following steps: sending a link establishment request to a controller, and planning a data packet forwarding path by the controller; sending a forwarding request to a controller through a switch; sending the data packet to encoding equipment, encapsulating routing information, and configuring different routing information according to different reading functions of switch ports in a forwarding path; sending the data packet with the encapsulated routing information back to the original exchanger; forwarding the data packet to a destination address according to the encapsulated routing information; after the data packet reaches the destination address, judging whether the destination address is the same as the forwarded destination address; if the data packets are the same, continuing to request the controller for forwarding of the next data packet, and if the data packets are different, continuing to send a forwarding request to the controller; and ending the process until all the data packets are forwarded. The invention encapsulates the routing information of the switch in the path onto the data packet, saves the use of the flow table space and reduces the bandwidth overhead.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of software defined networking technologies, and in particular, to a traffic forwarding method and apparatus.
Background
Software defined networking is an emerging network architecture. In most of today's large-scale network scenarios, software defined networking still relies on traditional forwarding methods, including:
1. hop-by-hop forwarding method
The principle of the forwarding scheme is that whenever a new flow reaches an ingress switch of the network, the switch sends a new flow setup request to the controller and then places a flow entry at each switch on the forwarding path planned by the controller. Such a scheme requires a large amount of control traffic and consumes excessively the flow table space, so that the forwarding performance is greatly degraded, resulting in redundancy of the flow table space.
2. Arbitrary forwarding and forwarding method based on multi-protocol label switching (MPLS) label
If an ordered multi-protocol label switching (MPLS) label list with a certain length is only encapsulated on an appropriate flow entry to indicate routing information of each hop of a forwarding path in a data flow, the bandwidth overhead caused by the forwarding method in a data flow environment with a large number of packets and a large number of forwarding hops is still serious, because the packet header still adds an additional MPLS label to cause redundant forwarding traffic overhead.
3. Forwarding method based on data field identifier (VID field) in VLAN (virtual local area network) tag
Such forwarding methods transport routing information through unused VID fields in the packet header, and many ports of the switch do not support reading the routing information encoded in the VID fields in the software defined networking framework. In large packets and data flows with a large number of hops, the forwarding scheme based on VID tags may not necessarily support packet forwarding of the entire long path. Such forwarding schemes add operational difficulty and complexity to the controller planning the forwarding path for large data flows.
In summary, the above conventional forwarding methods are not suitable for scenarios in which there are a large number of data packets and a large number of forwarding hops in a software-defined network, and the forwarding schemes are either extremely inefficient or have too large traffic overhead, and also have the problem of excessive use of flow table space in the forwarding process.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a flow forwarding method and a flow forwarding device, and the method and the device can save the space of a flow table and reduce the bandwidth overhead.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a traffic forwarding method comprises the following steps:
sending a link establishment request to a controller, planning a data packet forwarding path by the controller after the controller receives and accepts the request, and configuring routing information of flow items by a switch on the forwarding path;
identifying routing information of a first data packet through a switch, and if the routing information of the data packet is not matched with the routing information of the flow entry or the switch does not have the routing information of the flow entry, sending a forwarding request to a controller;
sending the first data packet to encoding equipment, encapsulating routing information, and configuring different routing information according to different reading functions of switch ports in a forwarding path;
sending the first data packet with the encapsulated routing information back to the original switch;
forwarding the first data packet to a destination address according to the encapsulated routing information;
because the packet loss condition exists in the transmission process, a part of data packets cannot be correctly forwarded to the destination address, and after the other data packets reach the destination address, whether the destination address is the same as the forwarded destination address is judged; if the data packets are the same, continuing to request the controller for forwarding of the next data packet, and if the data packets are different, continuing to send a forwarding request to the controller;
if the routing information of the first data packet and the routing information of the flow entry have corresponding forwarding ports, forwarding the data packet through the switch; and finishing the flow forwarding process after all the data packets are forwarded.
A traffic forwarding device comprising:
a controller to:
receiving a link establishment request, and planning a forwarding path of a data packet;
receiving a forwarding request;
recognizing and counting the reading function of the port of the switch;
the control coding equipment encapsulates the routing information, and the controller is separated from the data packet and is not in the same plane (namely, the control plane and the data plane are separated in the SDN);
the switches are used for receiving and forwarding the transmission data packets and sending forwarding requests to the controller, and the switches on the forwarding path are internally provided with flow items;
and the coding equipment is used for encapsulating the routing information to the data packet and configuring different routing information according to different reading functions of the switch port in the forwarding path.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
the invention plans different data packet forwarding paths for different switch reading functions, encapsulates the routing information of the switch in the path onto the data packet, saves the use of flow table space and reduces the bandwidth overhead.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a forwarding process of a first packet on a forwarding path after a new data flow enters an ingress switch according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is an overall flowchart of a traffic forwarding method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the following overall forwarding process of the remaining packets of the same data flow according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
For better understanding of the technical solutions of the present invention, the following detailed description is provided for the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
The embodiment of the application provides a traffic forwarding method and device, and solves the problems that in the prior art, in a forwarding scheme of a scene where the number of data packets is large and the number of data streams to be forwarded is large, the forwarding efficiency is extremely low, or the traffic overhead is too large, and the flow table space is excessively used in the forwarding process.
In order to solve the problem of crosstalk, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present application has the following general idea:
the core thought of the forwarding method is based on a dynamic programming method, and when the controller cannot use the forwarding method based on the VID field, the controller is switched to the forwarding method based on the MPLS. The complexity of the number of data packets and the forwarding hop count is converted into the diversity of the controller instructions, so that the waste of bandwidth can be greatly reduced in the flow with larger data packets and more hop counts, and the use of the space of a low flow table can be realized.
Combines the advantages of both the traditional multi-protocol label switching (MPLS) label forwarding method and the data field identifier (VID field) forwarding method based on VLAN tagging. Before the data packet forwarding process, the controller firstly judges whether the switch in the forwarding path can read the routing information written on the VID field of the data packet header, and the switch which can not read selects the forwarding scheme based on the MPLS label. The controller, upon accepting a request for a new packet to establish a link, places a flow entry at the switch where there are multiple forwarding ports (understood as an intersection): the function is to instruct the data packet to send a forwarding request to the controller to complete normal forwarding. And when the controller receives the routing request of the data packet, the data packet is issued to the specific coding equipment, and the coding equipment completes the coding work of the data packet. After the encoding operation is finished, the encoding equipment forwards the data packet back to the switch, and the data packet carries the encapsulated routing information and continues to be normally forwarded to the destination address.
The forwarding scheme is more suitable for the data stream transmission environment with larger data packet number and longer forwarding distance.
It should be noted that, in the embodiments of the present invention, the terms are:
bandwidth overhead: overhead for forwarding useful information in the communication;
routing information: the necessary information for indicating the packet to be forwarded to the destination address is based on the coding of the routing protocol, and the information of the packet forwarding path is included in the embodiment;
destination address: the final address where the packet is intended to arrive;
target address: the address where the packet finally arrives according to the encapsulated routing information;
flow entry: i.e., flow table entries, similar to routing tables in conventional network routers in the sdn architecture;
flow table space: memory space spent storing flow tables;
routing table: a path specifying a particular network address is stored. The method contains topology information of the periphery of the network, and mainly aims to realize routing protocol and static routing selection by the wireless.
In this embodiment, the routing information is encapsulated and the packet header is included, and the flow entry is stored in the switch; in the forwarding process, the switch forwards the data packet after matching the routing information of the data packet according to the flow entry information.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1-3, a traffic forwarding method includes the steps of:
step 101: adding a preprocessing mechanism before sending a forwarding request to a controller, and identifying and counting the situations that the global switch port can or cannot read the routing information in the VID field through the controller;
step 102: the source host sends a link establishment request to the controller, the request is to send a first data packet, after the controller receives and accepts the request, the controller plans a data packet forwarding path, and a switch on the forwarding path configures routing information of a flow entry;
step 103: identifying routing information of a first data packet through a switch, and if the routing information of the data packet is not matched with the routing information of the flow entry or the switch does not have the routing information of the flow entry, sending a forwarding request to a controller;
step 104: encapsulating different routing information for the data packet according to different reading functions of the switch ports in the forwarding path; identifying whether a port of a switch in a forwarding path supports reading of routing information in a VID field through a controller, sending an encapsulation instruction to an encoding device, if the port supports reading, the encapsulation content is the routing information of the switch, and encapsulating the routing information to the VID field of a data packet through the encoding device; if the label does not support reading, the encapsulated content is an MPLS label of the routing information of the switch; inserting the MPLS label in front of the packet head of the first data packet through the coding equipment;
step 105: sending the first data packet with the encapsulated routing information back to the original switch;
step 106: forwarding the first data packet to a destination address according to the encapsulated routing information;
step 107: after the first data packet reaches the destination address, whether the destination address is the same as the forwarded destination address or not needs to be judged due to the situation of packet loss; if the data packets are the same, continuing to request the controller for forwarding of the next data packet, and if the data packets are different, continuing to send a forwarding request to the controller;
step 108: if the routing information of the first data packet is matched with the routing information of the flow entry, forwarding the data packet through the switch;
step 109: and finishing the flow forwarding process after all the data packets are forwarded.
Further, when the controller plans the forwarding path, the routing information of the flow entry is placed on a switch having a plurality of forwarding ports, and is used to instruct the data packet to send a forwarding request to the controller, so that the data packet is instructed to be forwarded from the switch on which the routing information of the flow entry is placed to a switch on which the routing information of the flow entry is placed next.
In the process of forwarding the data packet, the working flow of the controller is as follows:
step 201: the controller firstly carries out statistical preprocessing on the global switch in the network initialization stage, wherein the preprocessing aims to calculate the information of all switches, and whether a statistical port can read the routing information in the VID field or not is counted.
Step 202: the controller receives a link establishment request of a new data packet and plans a forwarding path.
Step 203: the controller plans the forwarding path and places the routing information of the flow entry on the switch.
Step 204: the controller identifies whether a port support of the switch exists in the next forwarding path to read the routing information in the VID field. If yes, go to step 205, otherwise go to step 206.
Step 205: the controller issues an instruction to the special encoding device, and the encoding device encapsulates the routing information of the data packet (the encoding device encapsulates the routing information in the VID field of the data packet).
Step 206: the controller issues an instruction to a special encoding device, and the encoding device encapsulates the routing information of the data packet (the encoding device inserts an MPLS label of the encoding routing information in front of the packet header of the data packet).
Step 207: the controller waits for the next forwarding request from the packet. If it is received, go to step 208, and if it is not received, go to step 210.
Step 208: the controller receives the next request from the data packet.
Step 209: the controller plans the next forwarding path for the packet. Go to step 304.
Step 210: the controller does not receive a forwarding request sent by a data packet again, and the data packet reaches the target address by default.
As shown in fig. 3, when the first packet reaches the destination address, the remaining packets are forwarded according to the routing table stored in the switch, and it is no longer necessary to query the controller for forwarding paths one by one, thereby reducing the workload of the controller.
The content of FIG. 1:
one, typical forwarding scheme: before the data packet is forwarded, the controller is inquired about a forwarding path, works normally, and issues an instruction to special encoding equipment, and the equipment encapsulates routing information to the data packet according to a forwarding scheme of the controller. The packet arrives at the destination address according to the routing information of the header.
Secondly, a forwarding scheme through a switch: after the data packet is forwarded to the destination address according to the encapsulated routing information, the data packet finds that the destination host address is not reached yet, and the data packet continues to request the forwarding information from the controller through the switch where the data packet is located. The controller continues to encapsulate the routing information into the packet header as required until the packet has completely completed the forwarding process.
Example 2
A traffic forwarding device comprising:
a controller to:
receiving a link establishment request, and planning a forwarding path of a data packet;
receiving a forwarding request;
identifying and counting the situations that the switch ports can or cannot read the routing information in the VID field, controlling the forwarding path of the data packet, and controlling the encoding device to encapsulate the routing information, wherein the controller is separated from the data packet and is not in the same plane (namely, the control plane and the data plane are separated in the SDN);
the switches are used for receiving and forwarding the data packet and sending a forwarding request to the controller, and the routing information of the switch built-in flow items on the forwarding path comprises the switches with a plurality of forwarding ports and the switches with only one forwarding port;
and the encoding device is used for encapsulating the routing information into the data packet.
In the above embodiment, after the data packet enters the ingress switch and sends a link establishment request, the controller plans the forwarding path according to the request, and selects an appropriate forwarding scheme according to the function of reading the routing information of the switch itself, and encapsulates a part of the routing information onto the data packet, so that the data packet can be smoothly forwarded to the next switch on which the routing information of the flow entry is placed. Because the switch has a plurality of forwarding ports, if the data packet is forwarded by a certain port at will without specific indication, the data packet is not easy to be forwarded to a correct destination address, the flow table space can be saved to a great extent by placing the routing information of the flow entry on the appropriate switch and combining the traditional MPLS label forwarding scheme and the forwarding scheme based on VID fields, and the controller selects different forwarding schemes to make the forwarding of the data flow in the environment meet the balance of the use of low flow table space and the reduction of bandwidth overhead. In addition, the combination of the two forwarding schemes can also avoid the defect that the VID field cannot support the encoding of the routing information on the long forwarding path.
Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art will clearly understand that the present invention may be implemented by software plus a necessary hardware platform, and certainly may be implemented by hardware, but in many cases, the former is a better embodiment. With this understanding in mind, all or part of the technical solutions of the present invention that contribute to the background can be embodied in the form of a software product, which can be stored in a storage medium, such as a ROM/RAM, a magnetic disk, an optical disk, etc., and includes instructions for causing a computer device (which can be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute the methods according to the embodiments or some parts of the embodiments of the present invention.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (7)
1. A traffic forwarding method, comprising the steps of:
sending a link establishment request to a controller, planning a data packet forwarding path by the controller after the controller receives and accepts the request, and configuring routing information of flow items by a switch on the forwarding path;
identifying routing information of a first data packet through a switch, and if the routing information of the data packet is not matched with the routing information of the flow entry or the switch does not have the routing information of the flow entry, sending a forwarding request to a controller;
sending the first data packet to encoding equipment, encapsulating routing information, and configuring different routing information according to different reading functions of switch ports in a forwarding path;
sending the first data packet with the encapsulated routing information back to the original switch;
forwarding the first data packet to a destination address according to the encapsulated routing information;
after the first data packet reaches the destination address, judging whether the destination address is the same as the forwarded destination address; if the data packets are the same, continuing to request the controller for forwarding of the next data packet, and if the data packets are different, continuing to send a forwarding request to the controller;
if the routing information of the first data packet is matched with the routing information of the flow entry, forwarding the data packet through the switch;
and finishing the flow forwarding process after all the data packets are forwarded.
2. The traffic forwarding method according to claim 1, wherein:
before sending a link establishment request to a controller, identifying and counting the situations that a global switch port can and cannot read the routing information in a VID field through the controller;
after sending a link establishment request to a controller, identifying whether a port of a switch in a forwarding path supports reading of routing information in a VID field through the controller, sending an encapsulation instruction to an encoding device, if the port supports reading, the encapsulation content is the routing information of the switch, and encapsulating the routing information to the VID field of a first data packet through the encoding device; if the label does not support reading, the encapsulated content is an MPLS label of the routing information of the switch; the MPLS label is inserted in front of the header of the first data packet through the encoding equipment.
3. The traffic forwarding method according to claim 1, wherein:
when the controller plans a forwarding path, routing information of flow entries is placed on a switch with a plurality of forwarding ports, and is used for indicating that a data packet sends a forwarding request to the controller, and then indicating that the data packet is forwarded from the switch with the routing information of the flow entries to a switch with the routing information of the next flow entries.
4. The traffic forwarding method according to claim 1, wherein: when the first data packet reaches the destination address, the rest data packets are forwarded according to the routing information of the flow entry stored in the switch.
5. A traffic forwarding apparatus, comprising:
a controller to:
receiving a link establishment request, and planning a forwarding path of a data packet;
receiving a forwarding request;
recognizing and counting the reading function of the port of the switch;
controlling the encoding equipment to encapsulate the routing information, wherein the controller is separated from the data packet and is not on the same plane;
the switches are used for receiving and forwarding the data packets and sending forwarding requests to the controller, and the switches on the forwarding path are internally provided with routing information of flow items;
and the coding equipment is used for encapsulating the routing information to the data packet and configuring different routing information according to different reading functions of the switch port in the forwarding path.
6. The traffic forwarding device of claim 5 wherein the controller is specifically configured to identify and account for instances where a switch port is capable of and incapable of reading routing information in the VID field.
7. The traffic forwarding device of claim 5 wherein the switches comprise a switch with multiple forwarding ports and a switch with only one forwarding port in a network formed by the traffic forwarding device.
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