CN110932790B - Quantum service routing and fiber core distribution method and device in multi-core optical fiber optical network - Google Patents
Quantum service routing and fiber core distribution method and device in multi-core optical fiber optical network Download PDFInfo
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- H04Q11/0001—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems using optical switching
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
- H04Q11/0001—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems using optical switching
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Abstract
The invention discloses a quantum service routing and fiber core distribution method and a device in a multi-core optical fiber optical network, wherein the method comprises the following steps: for two nodes with the quantum service requirement in the multi-core optical fiber optical network, calculating a plurality of shortest routes between the two nodes as alternative routes; aiming at each alternative route, selecting a fiber core with the least number of adjacent cores for carrying classical services on each link on the alternative route as an alternative fiber core; calculating the strength of crosstalk between cores on the alternative route according to the length of each link of the alternative route and the number of adjacent cores carrying classical services, which are contained in the alternative fiber cores; and selecting an alternative route with the minimum crosstalk strength among cores, and performing routing and fiber core distribution on an alternative fiber core on each link of the alternative route for the quantum service. The invention can realize the reliable and stable quantum service transmission in the multi-core optical fiber optical network for the scene of quantum service transmission in the multi-core optical fiber optical network.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of quantum communication, in particular to a quantum service routing and fiber core distribution method and device in a multi-core optical fiber optical network.
Background
In recent years, the security of a quantum communication network is guaranteed by a basic quantum mechanical law of a measurement collapse theory, a Heisenberg inaccurate measurement principle and a quantum unclonable law, has the advantages of unconditional security and one-time pad theoretically, and becomes a research hotspot of countries in the world in the aspect of network information security. The quantum communication is used as a safety support means to effectively ensure the safety of a backbone network and a communication network, and the typical application of relatively mature stage development and industrialization potential is a quantum communication network based on quantum key distribution.
In the development of the current quantum key distribution optical network, the wavelength division multiplexing technology improves the transmission capacity of a single optical fiber quantum key but still cannot meet the requirements of capacity, space utilization rate, power consumption and cost, and the combination of the space division multiplexing technology can break through the limitation of the transmission capacity.
The traditional space division multiplexing technology currently comprises five implementation technologies of multi-fiber optical fiber, multi-core optical fiber, multi-mode optical fiber, few-mode optical fiber and orbital angular momentum, however, the most widely applied of the five technologies is the multi-core optical fiber technology. A single core fiber in the general sense is composed of a core and a cladding surrounding it, whereas a so-called multi-core fiber is a fiber in which a plurality of identical cores are contained in the same cladding and arranged in a certain shape. When an optical signal is transmitted through a plurality of core paths, the transmission capacity of such a multi-core optical fiber is equivalent to that of several conventional single-core optical fibers. Compared with a single-core single-mode optical fiber, the multi-core optical fiber improves the transmission capacity on one hand, does not increase the space and the capital investment for installing and laying the optical cable on the other hand, and saves the actual construction cost.
The occurrence of QKD (quantum key distribution) technology ensures the security of the information transmission process, however, with the increase of the capacity of the optical network, the transmission capacity of a single optical fiber no longer meets the existing capacity requirement, and the multi-core technology is applied to the data transmission process as the mainstream technology of space division multiplexing. Meanwhile, how to realize the transmission of quantum services in the multicore fiber becomes a current hot problem. Furthermore, a mathematical model and a relevant experiment are established by a relevant research institution aiming at the constraint condition of the quantum business in the multi-core optical fiber, and the influence of the crosstalk between cores on the quantum business is explained in detail. Relevant research shows that quantum business in a multi-core optical fiber is influenced by the coupled optical power generated by adjacent optical fibers and relative transmission distance.
The feasibility of transmitting two types of information under the space division multiplexing technology has been proved in transmission experiments implemented by various large research institutions at present, but the feasibility is almost zero in the networking scheme of the multi-core optical fiber optical network, because the crosstalk between cores has unavoidable interference on quantum key information in the transmission process, influences the transmission distance of quantum services and the reliability in the transmission process, and how to take effective measures to stably transmit the quantum services in real time in the network is an unsolved problem at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a quantum service routing and fiber core distribution method and device in a multi-core optical fiber optical network, aiming at the scene of quantum service transmission in the multi-core optical fiber optical network, and realizing reliable and stable quantum service transmission in the multi-core optical fiber optical network.
Based on the above purpose, the present invention provides a quantum service routing and fiber core allocation method in a multicore optical fiber optical network, including:
for two nodes with the quantum service requirement in the multi-core optical fiber optical network, calculating a plurality of shortest routes between the two nodes as alternative routes;
aiming at each alternative route, selecting a fiber core with the least number of adjacent cores for carrying classical services on each link on the alternative route as an alternative fiber core; calculating the strength of crosstalk between cores on the alternative route according to the length of each link of the alternative route and the number of adjacent cores carrying classical services, which are contained in the alternative fiber cores;
and selecting an alternative route with the minimum crosstalk strength among cores, and performing routing and fiber core distribution on an alternative fiber core on each link of the alternative route for the quantum service.
Wherein, the selecting the fiber core with the least number of adjacent cores carrying the classical service on the link as the alternative fiber core specifically includes:
calculating the value of each element in the adjacent core number matrix according to the value of each element in the fiber core description matrix of the link;
determining the fiber core with the minimum number of adjacent cores for bearing classical services according to the calculated matrix of the number of the adjacent cores;
taking the determined fiber core as a standby fiber core on the link;
the fiber core description matrix comprises a plurality of fiber core description matrixes, wherein the fiber core description matrix comprises ith row elements and jth column elements, the ith row elements of the fiber core description matrix correspond to the arrangement of the ith row of fiber cores in the cross section of the optical fiber, and the jth column elements of the fiber core description matrix correspond to the arrangement of the jth column of fiber cores in the cross section of the optical fiber; the value of the ith row and the jth column of the fiber core description matrix is used for indicating whether a fiber core exists at the position of the cross section of the optical fiber corresponding to the element or not, and whether quantum service or classical service is carried under the condition that the fiber core exists;
the ith row and jth column elements of the adjacent core number matrix represent the fiber cores corresponding to the ith row and jth column elements of the fiber core description matrix, and the number of the adjacent cores carrying classical services is the fiber cores.
Preferably, the value of the ith row and jth column element of the fiber core description matrix is used to indicate whether a fiber core is present at a position of the cross section of the optical fiber corresponding to the element, and whether quantum service or classical service is carried in the case of the fiber core, specifically:
if the fiber core does not exist at the position of the cross section of the optical fiber corresponding to the ith row and the jth column of the fiber core description matrix, the value of the element is 0; if a fiber core is arranged at the position of the cross section of the optical fiber corresponding to the ith row and the jth column of the fiber core description matrix element, and the fiber core already bears quantum service, the value of the element is more than 0 and far less than 1; if the core does not currently carry quantum traffic, the value of the element is 1.
Preferably, after the routing and the fiber core allocation are performed on the quantum service, the method further includes:
updating the core description matrix for each link on the assigned route: assigning elements in the core description matrix on the link corresponding to the core carrying the quantum traffic to a value greater than 0 and much less than 1;
after the quantum service is finished, if the fiber core in the link on the allocated route does not bear any quantum service any more, resetting the element corresponding to the fiber core in the fiber core description matrix of the link to be 1.
Wherein, calculating the inter-core crosstalk strength on the alternative route according to the length of each link of the alternative route and the number of adjacent cores carrying classical traffic, which the alternative cores have, specifically includes:
for each alternative route, calculating the inter-core crosstalk strength of each link in the alternative route according to the following formula, and taking the calculated average inter-core crosstalk strength of each link on the alternative route as the inter-core crosstalk strength on the alternative route;
ICC＝tanh(hops*l*ACN*r*a)≈hops*l*ACN*r*a
in the formula, ICC represents the inter-core crosstalk strength on the link, hoss is the number of routing hops on the link, 1 is the unit path length (unit is kilometer), ACN is the number of adjacent cores carrying classical traffic, which are possessed by alternative cores on the link, r is the reciprocal of the distance between the cores, and a is a set attenuation coefficient.
The invention also provides a quantum service routing and fiber core distribution device in the multi-core optical fiber optical network, which comprises:
the alternative route calculation module is used for calculating a plurality of shortest routes between two nodes as alternative routes for the two nodes with the quantum service requirement in the multi-core optical fiber optical network;
the alternative fiber core selection module is used for selecting the fiber core with the least number of adjacent cores for carrying the classical service on each link on each alternative route as the alternative fiber core for each link on the alternative route;
the inter-core crosstalk calculation module is used for calculating the inter-core crosstalk strength on each alternative route according to the length of each link of the alternative route and the number of adjacent cores carrying classical services, which are contained in alternative fiber cores, of each alternative route;
and the routing and fiber core distribution module is used for selecting the alternative route with the minimum inter-core crosstalk strength and carrying out routing and fiber core distribution on the alternative fiber core on each link of the alternative route for the quantum service.
The present invention also provides a central controller, comprising: the device for quantum service routing and fiber core distribution in the multi-core optical fiber optical network is described above.
In the technical scheme of the invention, for two nodes with the requirement of quantum service in a multi-core optical fiber optical network, a plurality of shortest routes between the two nodes are calculated to be used as alternative routes; aiming at each alternative route, selecting a fiber core with the least number of adjacent cores for carrying classical services on each link on the alternative route as an alternative fiber core; calculating the strength of crosstalk between cores on the alternative route according to the length of each link of the alternative route and the number of adjacent cores carrying classical services, which are contained in the alternative fiber cores; and selecting an alternative route with the minimum crosstalk strength among cores, and performing routing and fiber core distribution on an alternative fiber core on each link of the alternative route for the quantum service. Thus, when a route which is as short as possible is selected, a fiber core which is less influenced by adjacent cores bearing classical services is distributed, and a route and a fiber core distribution scheme with the minimum crosstalk strength between cores are selected, so that the bit error code influenced by the transmission distance is ensured to be in an acceptable range, the quantum services can be influenced by the optical power of the fewer adjacent cores, the reliable and stable transmission of the quantum services is realized, and the bearing rate of the quantum services in an optical network can be improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a quantum service routing and fiber core allocation method in a multicore optical fiber optical network according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the shortest route between the node a and the node D according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3a to 3c are schematic diagrams of three routes between a node a and a node D, which are smaller than T hops according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4a is a schematic diagram of a core arrangement in a cross-section of a multi-core optical fiber according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4b is a schematic diagram of a two-dimensional core description matrix constructed from core arrangements according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a flowchart of a method for implementing core selection on the link based on a core description matrix according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIGS. 6a, 6c, and 6e are schematic diagrams of three core description matrices provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIGS. 6b, 6d, and 6f are schematic diagrams of three matrices of the number of neighboring cores according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a block diagram of an internal structure of a quantum service routing and fiber core distribution device in a multicore optical fiber optical network according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings.
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative only and should not be construed as limiting the invention.
As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an", "the" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that when an element is referred to as being "connected" or "coupled" to another element, it can be directly connected or coupled to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. Further, "connected" or "coupled" as used herein may include wirelessly connected or wirelessly coupled. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes all or any element and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
It should be noted that all expressions using "first" and "second" in the embodiments of the present invention are used for distinguishing two entities with the same name but different names or different parameters, and it should be noted that "first" and "second" are merely for convenience of description and should not be construed as limitations of the embodiments of the present invention, and they are not described in any more detail in the following embodiments.
The inventor considers that quantum key information can generate a certain bit error code along with the influence of optical power and transmission distance generated by the adjacent core classical service on the basis of realizing mixed transmission of the quantum service and the classical service in a multi-core optical fiber optical network; if the quantum service is influenced by less optical power of adjacent cores by adopting a corresponding routing mode and the distribution of fiber cores, the bit error code influenced by the transmission distance is ensured to be within an acceptable range, and the reliable and stable transmission of the quantum service is realized.
Based on this, in the technical scheme of the invention, for two nodes with the requirement of quantum service in the multi-core optical fiber optical network, a plurality of shortest routes between the two nodes are calculated as alternative routes; aiming at each alternative route, selecting a fiber core with the least number of adjacent cores for carrying classical services on each link on the alternative route as an alternative fiber core; calculating the strength of crosstalk between cores on the alternative route according to the length of each link of the alternative route and the number of adjacent cores carrying classical services, which are contained in the alternative fiber cores; and selecting an alternative route with the minimum crosstalk strength among cores, and performing routing and fiber core distribution on an alternative fiber core on each link of the alternative route for the quantum service. Thus, when a route which is as short as possible is selected, a fiber core which is less influenced by adjacent cores bearing classical services is distributed, and a route and a fiber core distribution scheme with the minimum crosstalk strength between cores are selected, so that the bit error code influenced by the transmission distance is ensured to be in an acceptable range, the quantum services can be influenced by the optical power of the fewer adjacent cores, the reliable and stable transmission of the quantum services is realized, and the bearing rate of the quantum services in an optical network can be improved.
The technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The embodiment of the invention provides a quantum service routing and fiber core distribution method in a multi-core optical fiber optical network, the specific flow is shown in figure 1, and the method comprises the following steps:
step S101: for two nodes with the quantum service requirement in the multi-core optical fiber optical network, a plurality of shortest routes between the two nodes are calculated to be used as alternative routes.
In this step, when a quantum service exists between two nodes, such as a requirement of a quantum key information service, a plurality of shortest routes between the two nodes are calculated as alternative routes.
Specifically, if the length of a transmission path of a quantum service in a multi-core optical fiber optical network is greater than T hops, a quantum key distribution process cannot be realized, and key resources need to be regenerated by means of methods such as a relay; meanwhile, the inventor considers that the constraint on the distance in the crosstalk between the cores is stronger than the constraint of a classical optical signal as an adjacent core, namely the transmission quality of quantum key information generated in a certain short distance is better than the transmission quality of quantum key information of a relatively long distance in any case;
therefore, as a preferred embodiment, in this step, the route of the shortest path between nodes may be calculated first, and if the hop count of the route is less than S, the next step S102 may be directly performed to perform core selection; if the route hop number is larger than or equal to S, calculating all routes with the route hop number smaller than T hop as alternative routes; further, a threshold value M may also be set; and if the number of the alternative routes is larger than M, selecting M alternative routes to enter the next step S102 for fiber core selection, and preventing excessive repeated route calculation.
T may be set by a person skilled in the art according to the scale of the multi-core optical fiber optical network, for example, T may be set to 3 for an optical network with 7 or 8 nodes, S may be determined according to multi-core optical fibers of different materials, and the set S value is usually a natural number smaller than T/2.
For example, as shown in fig. 2, when there is a need for quantum key information service between node a and node D, the shortest route between the two nodes is calculated first, where A, B, C, D, E, F is the node, and the weight on the link is the number of route hops between the nodes; in the optical network shown in fig. 2, T is set to 9, S is set to 3, and M is set to 5; by calculating the routing policy smaller than T hops between nodes, the following three routes can be obtained, as shown in fig. 3a, 3b, and 3c, respectively, and the total number of hops is 5, 6, and 8, respectively. The calculated number of the routes is 3 and is less than a threshold value 5, so that the number of the alternative routes is not more than a certain threshold value, and whether the total hop count of the shortest route in the three routes is higher than S-3 is calculated; if the total hop number is less than 3, directly distributing fiber cores on the route of the shortest path; the total hop counts of the three routes are respectively 5, 6 and 8, and are all larger than 3, and then the 3 routes are used as alternative routes to enter the next step S102 for fiber core selection.
Step S102: and aiming at each alternative route, selecting a fiber core with the least number of adjacent cores for carrying classical services on each link on the alternative route as an alternative fiber core.
In this step, for each link, core selection on that link is implemented based on one core description matrix.
Specifically, the two-dimensional core description matrix of the link is constructed according to the arrangement positions of the cores in the cross section of the optical fiber on the link: in a two-dimensional fiber core description matrix constructed according to the arrangement positions of fiber cores in the cross section of the optical fiber on the link, the number of rows of elements is consistent with the number of rows of the fiber cores in the cross section of the optical fiber, and the number of columns of the elements is consistent with the number of columns of the fiber cores in the cross section of the optical fiber; the ith row of elements of the fiber core description matrix corresponds to the arrangement of the ith row of fiber cores in the cross section of the optical fiber, and the jth column of elements of the fiber core description matrix corresponds to the arrangement of the jth column of fiber cores in the cross section of the optical fiber; the value of the ith row and the jth column of the fiber core description matrix is used for indicating whether a fiber core exists at the position of the cross section of the optical fiber corresponding to the element, and whether quantum service or classical service is carried under the condition that the fiber core exists.
Specifically, if there is no core at the position of the cross section of the optical fiber corresponding to the ith row and jth column element of the core description matrix, the value of the element is 0; if a fiber core is arranged at the position of the cross section of the optical fiber corresponding to the ith row and the jth column of the fiber core description matrix element, and the fiber core already bears quantum service, the value of the element is more than 0 and far less than 1; if the core does not currently carry quantum traffic, the value of the element is 1.
When initializing the constructed core description matrix, it may be default that all core bearers are classical traffic: if a fiber core is arranged at the position of the cross section of the optical fiber corresponding to the ith row and the jth column element, setting the element as 1; and if the position of the cross section of the optical fiber corresponding to the ith row and the jth column element has no fiber core, setting the element to be 0.
For example, a multi-core fiber has a core arrangement in cross-section as shown in FIG. 4a, wherein the number of core rows is 3 and the number of core columns is 5; then a two-dimensional fiber core description matrix is constructed according to the fiber core arrangement in the cross section, as shown in fig. 4b, the number of rows of elements is 3, and the number of columns is 5; when the fiber core description matrix is initialized, only the 2 nd and 4 th positions are provided with fiber cores in the arrangement of the 1 st row of fiber cores; accordingly, only the 2 nd and 4 th elements in the 1 st row of the core description matrix are set as 1, and the rest elements are 0; similarly, since in the arrangement of the cores in row 3, only the cores are provided at the 2 nd and 4 th positions; accordingly, only the 2 nd and 4 th elements in the 3 rd row elements of the fiber core description matrix are set as 1, and the rest elements are 0; in the arrangement of the fiber cores in the 2 nd row, fiber cores are arranged at the 1 st, 3 rd and 5 th positions, so that correspondingly, in the 2 nd row elements of the fiber core description matrix, the 1 st, 3 rd and 5 th elements are set as 1, and the rest elements are 0; resulting in a core description matrix as shown in figure 6 a.
In this step, a specific method flow for implementing core selection on the link based on the core description matrix, as shown in fig. 5, includes the following sub-steps:
substep S501: and calculating the value of each element in the adjacent core number matrix according to the value of each element in the fiber core description matrix.
In this sub-step, the value of each element in the neighbor number matrix can be calculated according to the following formula one:
a′(i，j)＝a(i+1，j+1)+a(i+1，j-1)+a(i-1j+1)+a(i-1j-1)+a(i，j-2)+a(i，j+2)(formula one)
In formula I, a'(i，j)Values, a, representing elements of ith row and jth column in the matrix of the calculated number of neighbors(i+1，j+1)The value, a, representing the element in row i +1 and column j +1 of the core description matrix(i+1，j-1)The value, a, representing the element in row i +1, column j-1 of the core description matrix(i-1，j-1)The value, a, representing the element in row i-1, column j-1 of the core description matrix(i，j-2)Values, a, representing the elements of the ith row, the j-2 th column in the core description matrix(i，j+2)A value representing the ith row and the jth +2 column element in the core description matrix; a 'if the numerical value obtained by the calculation formula on the right side of the formula I is not integer'(i，j)And rounding down. And the row number and the column number of the adjacent core number matrix are consistent with the row number and the column number of the core description matrix. The value of the ith row and jth column element in the adjacent core number matrix represents the number of adjacent cores which bear classical services and correspond to the fiber core in the ith row and jth column element in the fiber core description matrix.
For example, if the current core description matrix is as shown in fig. 6a, the matrix of the number of neighboring cores obtained by calculating the values of each element in the core description matrix shown in fig. 6a according to the formula is as shown in fig. 6 b;
if the current fiber core description matrix is shown in fig. 6c, and the value of an element in the current fiber core description matrix is greater than 0 and less than 1, which indicates that the current fiber has a fiber core carrying quantum traffic, then the adjacent core number matrix obtained by calculating the values of the elements in the fiber core description matrix shown in fig. 6c according to the formula is shown in fig. 6 d.
If the current fiber core description matrix is shown in fig. 6e, where two elements have values greater than 0 and less than 1, which indicates that there are two fiber cores carrying quantum traffic in the current optical fiber, then the adjacent core number matrix obtained by calculating the values of the elements in the fiber core description matrix shown in fig. 6e according to the formula is shown in fig. 6 f.
Substep S502: and determining the fiber core carrying the classical service with the minimum number of adjacent cores according to the calculated matrix of the number of the adjacent cores, and taking the determined fiber core as the alternative fiber core on the link.
In this sub-step, an element with the smallest value may be determined from the elements greater than or equal to 1 in the calculated matrix of the number of adjacent cores, a fiber core at the position of the cross section of the optical fiber corresponding to the element is selected, the fiber core with the smallest number of adjacent cores carrying classical traffic on the link is determined, and the fiber core is used as a candidate fiber core of the link.
In the calculation process of the number of adjacent cores, after the quantum fiber cores are distributed to different links in the path, if the path-fiber core distribution of the quantum service is recalculated after a new user request is responded in each link, the number of the adjacent cores in the different links is different. Since quantum traffic is linearly superimposed over a certain Number of links under the influence of optical power generated by Adjacent cores, in order to compare Adjacent Core Numbers (ACN) under different conditions, the average Adjacent Core Number can be calculated according to the following formula two:
in the second formula, hops represents the routing hop number, and Σ ACN represents the sum of the adjacent core numbers of the cores selected by each hop.
Step S103: and for each alternative route, calculating the strength of the inter-core crosstalk on the alternative route according to the length of each link of the alternative route and the number of the adjacent cores carrying the classical traffic, which are possessed by the alternative cores.
Specifically, through the steps, the alternative routes between nodes and the alternative cores on each link on each alternative route can be obtained. The strength of crosstalk between cores of the alternative route can be calculated according to the following formula three:
in equation three, XT is expressed as intercore crosstalk, L is the transmission path length,
the average power coupling coefficient generated by the core n for the core m. In view of the small radius of curvature of the material,
the calculation formula of (2) is shown as formula four:
in the formula IV, KmnIs a coupling coefficient, RbDenotes the radius of curvature, Λ denotes the core distance, βmIs a propagation constant, where RbAnd betamIs a constant in the optical fiber, KmnIn order to influence the coupling coefficient of optical power by multiple factors of classical optical information, Λ can be relieved by the selection of the fiber core
I.e., mitigating inter-core crosstalk. Through the formulas three and four, the constraint in networking can be simplified into the formula five:
ICC ═ tanh (hops:. ACN:. r:. a) ≈ hops:. ACN:. a (formula five)
In the formula five, ICC represents inter-core crosstalk strength on a link, hoss is the number of routing hops on the link, 1 is unit path length (unit is kilometer), ACN is the number of adjacent cores carrying classical services, which are possessed by alternative cores on the link, r is the reciprocal of the distance between the cores, and a is a set attenuation coefficient.
Therefore, in this step, for each candidate route, the inter-core crosstalk strength on each link in the candidate route may be calculated according to the formula five, and then the calculated average inter-core crosstalk strength of each link on the candidate route is taken as the inter-core crosstalk strength on the candidate route.
For example, for each alternative route between the node a and the node D, the number of neighboring cores carrying the classical traffic, which are possessed by the alternative cores of each segment of the link of the alternative route, the total number of neighboring cores carrying the classical traffic, which are possessed by all the alternative cores of the link, the average number of neighboring cores, and the strength of the inter-core crosstalk on the alternative route are counted as shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
Step S104: and selecting an alternative route with the minimum crosstalk strength among cores, and performing routing and fiber core distribution on an alternative fiber core on each link of the alternative route for the quantum service.
For example, as can be seen from the results in table 1, for each candidate route between the nodes a and D, the number of neighboring cores of different routes is different, and although the path of the candidate route 1 is short, the neighboring core of the quantum core is inferior to that of the candidate route 2. The ICC (inter-core crosstalk) values for the three paths are 19.6, 10.08, and 22.4, respectively, calculated according to the above equation five, where l is 10km, r is 0.5mm, and a is 0.28. Through comparison, the degree of crosstalk between cores generated under the alternative route 2 is the lowest, so that the alternative route 1 with the shortest path is not selected as a final routing strategy of the quantum service, but the alternative route 2 is used as the final routing strategy of the quantum service, and therefore lower crosstalk between cores can be achieved, and a higher key rate is relatively generated.
In addition, whether quantum business can realize transmission in the multi-core optical fiber optical network can be further judged: the fiber core carrying the quantum service can transmit the Maximum L kilometers when the adjacent core carrying the classical service is not available, the Maximum Transmission Distance is correspondingly reduced along with the increase of the number of the adjacent cores carrying the classical service, and a Maximum Transmission Distance (MTD) calculation formula is shown as a formula six. Wherein, the highest transmission distance without adjacent core is expressed as M, the average number of adjacent cores carrying classical service is expressed as C, and the attenuation coefficient is expressed as a. Under the condition of different adjacent core numbers, the highest transmission distance is calculated for the channel:
MTD＝M-C2a (six formula)
For example, for the quanta between node A and node D aboveService, the highest transmission distance M is 100KM without adjacent core, C2The maximum transmission distance is 92KM through calculation, and the path in the routing strategy is less than 92KM, so that the reliable transmission of quantum traffic can be ensured.
After routing and core allocation are performed on the quantum service, a core description matrix of each link on the allocated route can be updated: the elements of the core description matrix on the link corresponding to the core carrying the quantum traffic are assigned a value greater than 0 and much less than 1, e.g., 0.005. Correspondingly, after the quantum service is finished, if the fiber core in the link on the allocated route does not bear any quantum service any more, resetting the element corresponding to the fiber core in the fiber core description matrix of the link to be 1; the core description matrix can thus continue to be used to select an alternative core when the next quantum traffic arrives.
Based on the foregoing quantum service routing and fiber core allocation method in a multicore optical fiber optical network, an embodiment of the present invention provides a quantum service routing and fiber core allocation apparatus in a multicore optical fiber optical network that can be disposed in a central controller, and a structure of the apparatus is shown in fig. 7, where the apparatus includes: the system comprises an alternative route calculation module 701, an alternative fiber core selection module 702, an inter-core crosstalk calculation module 703 and a route and fiber core distribution module 704.
The alternative route calculation module 701 is configured to calculate, for two nodes in the multi-core optical fiber optical network that require quantum services, a plurality of shortest routes between the two nodes as alternative routes;
the alternative fiber core selecting module 702 is configured to select, for each alternative route, a fiber core with the smallest number of adjacent cores that carry classical traffic on each link as an alternative fiber core for each link on the alternative route;
the inter-core crosstalk calculation module 703 is configured to calculate, for each alternative route, inter-core crosstalk strength on the alternative route according to the length of each link of the alternative route and the number of adjacent cores carrying classical traffic, which the alternative cores have; specifically, for each candidate route, the inter-core crosstalk calculation module 703 may calculate, according to the above formula five, the inter-core crosstalk strength on each link in the candidate route, and then use the calculated average inter-core crosstalk strength of each link on the candidate route as the inter-core crosstalk strength on the candidate route.
The routing and fiber core allocation module 704 is configured to select an alternative route with the smallest inter-core crosstalk strength, and route and fiber core allocation is performed on an alternative fiber core on each link of the alternative route for the quantum service.
Specifically, for each alternative route, when selecting, as the alternative core, the core with the minimum number of adjacent cores for carrying the classical service on the link for each link on the alternative route, the alternative core selection module 702 may calculate the value of each element in the matrix of the number of adjacent cores according to the value of each element in the description matrix of the core of the link; determining the fiber core with the minimum number of adjacent cores for bearing classical services according to the calculated matrix of the number of the adjacent cores; taking the determined fiber core as a standby fiber core on the link; the fiber core description matrix comprises a plurality of fiber core description matrixes, wherein the fiber core description matrix comprises ith row elements and jth column elements, the ith row elements of the fiber core description matrix correspond to the arrangement of the ith row of fiber cores in the cross section of the optical fiber, and the jth column elements of the fiber core description matrix correspond to the arrangement of the jth column of fiber cores in the cross section of the optical fiber; the value of the ith row and the jth column of the fiber core description matrix is used for indicating whether a fiber core exists at the position of the cross section of the optical fiber corresponding to the element or not, and whether quantum service or classical service is carried under the condition that the fiber core exists; the ith row and jth column elements of the adjacent core number matrix represent the fiber cores corresponding to the ith row and jth column elements of the fiber core description matrix, and the number of the adjacent cores carrying classical services is the fiber cores.
If the values of the elements in the fiber core description matrix are as follows: if the fiber core does not exist at the position of the cross section of the optical fiber corresponding to the ith row and the jth column of the fiber core description matrix, the value of the element is 0; if a fiber core is arranged at the position of the cross section of the optical fiber corresponding to the ith row and the jth column of the fiber core description matrix element, and the fiber core already bears quantum service, the value of the element is more than 0 and far less than 1; if the fiber core does not bear the quantum service currently, the value of the element is 1; the routing and core assignment module 704 may be further configured to, after the quantum traffic is routed and core assigned, update the core description matrix of each link on the assigned route: assigning an element corresponding to the fiber core carrying the quantum service in the fiber core description matrix on the link to a value larger than 0 and far smaller than 1, and resetting the element corresponding to the fiber core in the fiber core description matrix of the link to 1 if the fiber core on the allocated route does not carry any quantum service any more after the quantum service is finished.
The specific implementation method of the functions of each module in the quantum service routing and fiber core distribution device in the multi-core optical fiber optical network may refer to the method detailed in each step in the flow shown in fig. 1, and is not described here again.
In the technical scheme of the invention, for two nodes with the requirement of quantum service in a multi-core optical fiber optical network, a plurality of shortest routes between the two nodes are calculated to be used as alternative routes; aiming at each alternative route, selecting a fiber core with the least number of adjacent cores for carrying classical services on each link on the alternative route as an alternative fiber core; calculating the strength of crosstalk between cores on the alternative route according to the length of each link of the alternative route and the number of adjacent cores carrying classical services, which are contained in the alternative fiber cores; and selecting an alternative route with the minimum crosstalk strength among cores, and performing routing and fiber core distribution on an alternative fiber core on each link of the alternative route for the quantum service. Thus, when a route which is as short as possible is selected, a fiber core which is less influenced by adjacent cores bearing classical services is distributed, and a route and a fiber core distribution scheme with the minimum crosstalk strength between cores are selected, so that the bit error code influenced by the transmission distance is ensured to be in an acceptable range, the quantum services can be influenced by the optical power of the fewer adjacent cores, the reliable and stable transmission of the quantum services is realized, and the bearing rate of the quantum services in an optical network can be improved.
Those of skill in the art will appreciate that various operations, methods, steps in the processes, acts, or solutions discussed in the present application may be alternated, modified, combined, or deleted. Further, various operations, methods, steps in the flows, which have been discussed in the present application, may be interchanged, modified, rearranged, decomposed, combined, or eliminated. Further, steps, measures, schemes in the various operations, methods, procedures disclosed in the prior art and the present invention can also be alternated, changed, rearranged, decomposed, combined, or deleted.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that: the discussion of any embodiment above is meant to be exemplary only, and is not intended to intimate that the scope of the disclosure, including the claims, is limited to these examples; within the idea of the invention, also features in the above embodiments or in different embodiments may be combined, steps may be implemented in any order, and there are many other variations of the different aspects of the invention as described above, which are not provided in detail for the sake of brevity. Therefore, any omissions, modifications, substitutions, improvements and the like that may be made without departing from the spirit and principles of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A quantum service routing and fiber core distribution method in a multi-core optical fiber optical network is characterized by comprising the following steps:
for two nodes with the quantum service requirement in the multi-core optical fiber optical network, calculating a plurality of shortest routes between the two nodes as alternative routes;
aiming at each alternative route, selecting a fiber core which bears classical service and has the least number of adjacent cores on each link on the alternative route as an alternative fiber core; calculating the strength of crosstalk between cores on the alternative route according to the length of each link of the alternative route and the number of adjacent cores carrying classical services, which are contained in the alternative fiber cores;
and selecting an alternative route with the minimum crosstalk strength among cores, and performing routing and fiber core distribution on an alternative fiber core on each link of the alternative route for the quantum service.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the selecting, as the alternative core, the core with the least number of adjacent cores that carries the classical traffic on the link specifically includes:
calculating the value of each element in the adjacent core number matrix according to the value of each element in the fiber core description matrix of the link;
determining the fiber core which bears the classical service and has the least number of adjacent cores according to the calculated matrix of the number of the adjacent cores;
taking the determined fiber core as a standby fiber core on the link;
the fiber core description matrix comprises a plurality of fiber core description matrixes, wherein the fiber core description matrix comprises ith row elements and jth column elements, the ith row elements of the fiber core description matrix correspond to the arrangement of the ith row of fiber cores in the cross section of the optical fiber, and the jth column elements of the fiber core description matrix correspond to the arrangement of the jth column of fiber cores in the cross section of the optical fiber; the value of the ith row and the jth column of the fiber core description matrix is used for indicating whether a fiber core exists at the position of the cross section of the optical fiber corresponding to the element or not, and whether quantum service or classical service is carried under the condition that the fiber core exists;
the ith row and jth column elements of the adjacent core number matrix represent the fiber cores corresponding to the ith row and jth column elements of the fiber core description matrix, and the number of the adjacent cores carrying classical services is the fiber cores.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the values of the ith row and the jth column of the fiber core description matrix are used to indicate whether a fiber core is present at a position of the cross section of the optical fiber corresponding to the element, and whether quantum traffic or classical traffic is carried in the case of a fiber core, and specifically:
if the fiber core does not exist at the position of the cross section of the optical fiber corresponding to the ith row and the jth column of the fiber core description matrix, the value of the element is 0; if a fiber core is arranged at the position of the cross section of the optical fiber corresponding to the ith row and the jth column of the fiber core description matrix element, and the fiber core already bears quantum service, the value of the element is more than 0 and far less than 1; if the core does not currently carry quantum traffic, the value of the element is 1.
4. The method of claim 3, further comprising, after said routing and core assignment for said quantum traffic:
updating the core description matrix for each link on the assigned route: assigning elements in the core description matrix on the link corresponding to the core carrying the quantum traffic to a value greater than 0 and much less than 1;
after the quantum service is finished, if the fiber core in the link on the allocated route does not bear any quantum service any more, resetting the element corresponding to the fiber core in the fiber core description matrix of the link to be 1.
5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the calculating the strength of the inter-core crosstalk on the alternative route according to the length of each link of the alternative route and the number of adjacent cores carrying classical traffic that the alternative cores have specifically includes:
for each alternative route, calculating the inter-core crosstalk strength of each link in the alternative route according to the following formula, and taking the calculated average inter-core crosstalk strength of each link on the alternative route as the inter-core crosstalk strength on the alternative route;
ICC＝tanh(hops*l*ACN*r*a)≈hops*l*ACN*r*a
in the formula, ICC represents the inter-core crosstalk strength on the link, hoss is the number of routing hops on the link, l is the unit path length (unit is kilometer), ACN is the number of adjacent cores carrying classical traffic, which are possessed by alternative cores on the link, r is the reciprocal of the distance between the cores, and a is a set attenuation coefficient.
6. A quantum service routing and fiber core distribution device in a multi-core optical fiber optical network is characterized by comprising:
the alternative route calculation module is used for calculating a plurality of shortest routes between two nodes as alternative routes for the two nodes with the quantum service requirement in the multi-core optical fiber optical network;
the alternative fiber core selection module is used for selecting a fiber core which bears classical service and has the least number of adjacent cores on each link on each alternative route as an alternative fiber core for each link on the alternative route;
the inter-core crosstalk calculation module is used for calculating the inter-core crosstalk strength on each alternative route according to the length of each link of the alternative route and the number of adjacent cores carrying classical services, which are contained in alternative fiber cores, of each alternative route;
and the routing and fiber core distribution module is used for selecting the alternative route with the minimum inter-core crosstalk strength and carrying out routing and fiber core distribution on the alternative fiber core on each link of the alternative route for the quantum service.
7. The apparatus of claim 6,
the alternative fiber core selection module is specifically configured to, for each alternative route, calculate, for each link on the alternative route, a value of each element in an adjacent core number matrix according to a value of each element in a fiber core description matrix of the link when selecting, as an alternative fiber core, a fiber core with the smallest adjacent core number that carries a classical service on the link; determining the fiber core with the minimum number of adjacent cores for bearing classical services according to the calculated matrix of the number of the adjacent cores; taking the determined fiber core as a standby fiber core on the link;
the fiber core description matrix comprises a plurality of fiber core description matrixes, wherein the fiber core description matrix comprises ith row elements and jth column elements, the ith row elements of the fiber core description matrix correspond to the arrangement of the ith row of fiber cores in the cross section of the optical fiber, and the jth column elements of the fiber core description matrix correspond to the arrangement of the jth column of fiber cores in the cross section of the optical fiber; the value of the ith row and the jth column of the fiber core description matrix is used for indicating whether a fiber core exists at the position of the cross section of the optical fiber corresponding to the element or not, and whether quantum service or classical service is carried under the condition that the fiber core exists;
the ith row and jth column elements of the adjacent core number matrix represent the fiber cores corresponding to the ith row and jth column elements of the fiber core description matrix, and the number of the adjacent cores carrying classical services is the fiber cores.
8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein values of elements in the core description matrix are specifically as follows: if the fiber core does not exist at the position of the cross section of the optical fiber corresponding to the ith row and the jth column of the fiber core description matrix, the value of the element is 0; if a fiber core is arranged at the position of the cross section of the optical fiber corresponding to the ith row and the jth column of the fiber core description matrix element, and the fiber core already bears quantum service, the value of the element is more than 0 and far less than 1; if the fiber core does not bear the quantum service currently, the value of the element is 1; and
the routing and fiber core allocation module is further configured to update a fiber core description matrix of each link on the allocated route after the quantum traffic is routed and fiber core allocated: assigning an element corresponding to the fiber core carrying the quantum service in the fiber core description matrix on the link to a value larger than 0 and far smaller than 1, and resetting the element corresponding to the fiber core in the fiber core description matrix of the link to 1 if the fiber core on the allocated route does not carry any quantum service any more after the quantum service is finished.
9. The apparatus of claim 6,
the inter-core crosstalk calculation module is specifically configured to calculate, for each alternative route, inter-core crosstalk strength on each link in the alternative route according to the following formula, and further use the calculated average inter-core crosstalk strength of each link on the alternative route as the inter-core crosstalk strength on the alternative route;
ICC＝tanh(hops*l*ACN*r*a)≈hops*l*ACN*r*a
in the formula, ICC represents inter-core crosstalk strength on the link, hoss is routing hop number on the link, l is unit path length (unit is kilometer), ACN is the number of adjacent cores carrying classical services, which are possessed by alternative cores on the link, r is the reciprocal of the distance between the cores, and a is a set attenuation coefficient.
10. A central controller, comprising: the apparatus of any one of claims 6-9.
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