CN110931908A - Energy storage device safety control system based on optical fiber temperature measurement - Google Patents
Energy storage device safety control system based on optical fiber temperature measurement Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
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- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K11/00—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00
- G01K11/32—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using changes in transmittance, scattering or luminescence in optical fibres
- G01K11/3206—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using changes in transmittance, scattering or luminescence in optical fibres at discrete locations in the fibre, e.g. using Bragg scattering
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- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
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Abstract
The invention discloses an energy storage device safety control system based on optical fiber temperature measurement, which is characterized in that the temperature of each battery in a lithium battery energy storage device is monitored in real time through an optical fiber temperature measurement technology to judge the thermal stability state of the battery, simultaneously, the temperature curve of the whole service cycle of the battery is recorded, and the health degree of the battery is analyzed by combining a battery voltage safety state algorithm and the like, so that the purposes of ensuring the safe operation of the lithium battery energy storage system and avoiding the thermal runaway risk of the battery are achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a safety control system, in particular to a lithium battery energy storage device safety control system based on optical fiber temperature measurement.
Background
According to the CNESA data, the accumulated installed scale of the electrochemical energy storage projects which have been put into operation in China by 2018 reaches 1.1GW, wherein the installed scale of the electrochemical energy storage projects which are newly added into operation is 682.9MW, the installed scale is increased by 464.4% on year-by-year basis, and the installed scale is continuously increased even in Korea with multiple accidents. Generally, the occurrence of problems of the energy storage system is still relatively rare in China, but the fire combustion events of the energy storage system are more and more frequently occurred in recent times. For energy storage systems, battery safety issues have always been the most critical issue in the development of this industry, and for the application environment of energy storage at the user side, safety issues are the primary concern.
The safety of the battery is a key factor for stable operation of an energy storage system, the design structure and the chemical characteristics of the conventional lithium battery cause the risk of thermal runaway in the use process, and once the thermal runaway condition occurs, the lithium battery is extremely difficult to extinguish after a fire occurs. Therefore, in the aspect of improving the safety of the energy storage system, the safety of the battery is improved, attention is paid to thermal state monitoring of the battery in the using process, thermal runaway of the battery is pre-judged in advance, and fire hazards are stopped in a bud state.
The temperature measurement technique that generally adopts in the trade at present is limited to the control and the safe management and control ability of battery thermal state, and temperature detection range is not comprehensive, the dominant mode is to use NTC thermistor to gather the battery temperature, and be subject to the passageway quantity of sampling chip, only be equipped with 2 ~ 4 temperature sampling points in the battery module that contains 12 ~ 24 batteries usually, can't accomplish the temperature acquisition to each electric core, when not monitoring when the battery that arrives the temperature appears temperature anomaly, can't restrain the emergence of battery thermal runaway in advance. Similarly, battery over-temperature protection methods commonly used in the current industry are also simple, and only when the battery temperature reaches an over-temperature threshold, the battery stops working or the battery operating power is reduced by a certain proportion.
The NTC thermistor method for acquiring the battery temperature, which is commonly adopted in the industry at present, is limited by the number of channels of a sampling chip, and cannot monitor the temperature of each battery in multiple directions.
The existing technology lacks a system which can accurately detect, early warn and has high efficiency for batteries in an energy storage system.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the problems, the invention provides a safety control system of a lithium battery energy storage device based on optical fiber temperature measurement, which adopts an optical fiber temperature measurement technology, can be provided with 4 temperature sampling points for each battery, can monitor the temperature state of each part of each battery core comprehensively and at high speed, and simultaneously designs a battery safety state judgment method and a thermal runaway diagnosis method based on battery temperature data, ensures the stable and safe operation of the energy storage system through all-round control, can also early warn the possible thermal runaway state of the battery in advance, avoids the fire hazard of the energy storage system device, and achieves the purpose of greatly reducing the fire accidents of the energy storage system.
The invention provides an energy storage system safety control system based on optical fiber temperature measurement, which comprises an optical fiber temperature measurement device and a safety control device, wherein the optical fiber temperature measurement device is connected with the safety control device;
the optical fiber temperature measuring device comprises a sensing element which is a Bragg grating of an optical fiber, and is arranged at the electric core to measure the temperature of the electric core; the optical fiber temperature measuring device sends temperature data to the safety control device,
the safety control device comprises a safety state control module, and the safety state module comprises a data processing unit and a data acquisition unit; the data acquisition unit is used for acquiring a resistance R, a CO concentration value and a VOC concentration value of volatile organic compounds;
the data processing unit is used for evaluating the security level according to the received detection data, and the safety level evaluating mode is as follows:
SOS (State of safety) is a comprehensive evaluation value of the battery safety parameter;
SOSi＝(100-SOHi)+ΔT+ΔR+COi+VOCi；
SOSj＝(100-SOHj)+(Tj-Ti)+(Rj-Ri)+COj+VOCj；
wherein, SOSi is the reference value of the battery safety parameter;
SOHi is a battery state of health reference value, and the maximum value is 100; the delta T is a reference value of the change rate of the safe temperature of the battery; the delta R is a reference value of the change rate of the safe internal resistance of the battery; COi is a reference value of the concentration of the carbon monoxide safe to the battery; VOCi is a concentration reference value of the safe volatile organic compounds of the battery; SOSj is a battery safety parameter value at the current moment; SOHj is the current battery state of health value, and the maximum value is 100; tj is a current temperature sampling value, and Ti is a temperature value at the last sampling moment; rj is the current internal resistance value of the battery to be measured, and Ri is the internal resistance value of the battery at the last measurement moment; COj is the carbon monoxide concentration value at the current moment; VOcj is the current volatile organic concentration value; i, j are used for identifying different measuring moments; and acquiring the region where the difference value of the SOSj and the SOSi is positioned, and determining different security levels.
Further, the optical fiber temperature measuring device comprises a wireless communication module, and the temperature number measured by the optical fiber is sent to the safety control device; the safety control device records the temperature curve of the whole service cycle of the battery.
Furthermore, optic fibre temperature measuring device, including wireless communication module, the module can adopt bluetooth or WIFI agreement to carry out the transmission of data.
Further, the safety control device further comprises a thermal runaway control module, wherein the thermal runaway control module comprises a data processing and data acquisition unit: the data acquisition unit is used for acquiring the values of the resistance R, the CO concentration and the VOC volatile organic compound concentration,
the data processing unit is used for performing thermal runaway diagnosis according to the received detection data, and the thermal runaway diagnosis specifically comprises the following steps:
t _ runaway is a comprehensive evaluation value for battery thermal runaway diagnosis;
T_runaway1＝SOSi+ΔR+ΔT+COi+VOCi；
T_runaway2＝SOSj+(Tj-Ti)+(Rj-Ri)+COj+VOCj
wherein, T _ runaway1 is a comparative reference value for judging thermal runaway of the battery; SOSi is a reference value of the battery safety parameter; the delta T is a reference value of the change rate of the thermal runaway temperature of the battery; delta R is a reference value of the thermal runaway internal resistance change rate of the battery; COi is a reference value of the concentration of carbon monoxide caused by thermal runaway of the battery; VOCi is a concentration reference value of the thermal runaway volatile organic compounds of the battery; SOSj is a current battery safety parameter calculation value; tj is a current temperature sampling value, and Ti is a temperature value at the last sampling moment; rj is the current internal resistance value of the battery to be measured, and Ri is the internal resistance value of the battery at the last measurement moment; COj is the carbon monoxide concentration value at the current moment; VOcj is the current concentration value of volatile organic compounds;
and comparing the T _ runaway2 value with the T _ runaway1 value in real time, and obtaining the state grade of the thermal runaway according to the difference value of the T _ runaway2 value and the T _ runaway1 value.
Further, the data acquisition units in the thermal runaway control module and the safety state control module can be integrated into the optical fiber temperature measuring device.
Further, the safety control device further comprises a safety strategy control module, and the safety strategy control module is used for performing fault diagnosis according to the thermal runaway state grade and/or the safety grade and adopting corresponding safety control operation.
Further, in the security policy control module, the fault diagnosis is: the system level fault or the battery module level fault is distinguished from the fault, and when the thermal runaway or the serious safety level of the battery module is judged, a relay in the battery module can be cut off by direct triggering, and the fault battery is isolated.
Further, the fault diagnosis specifically includes: and distinguishing the system level fault from the fault or the battery module level fault, and linking the fire protection system, the PCS energy storage converter and the EMS energy management system when the system level fault is judged, and cutting off the power supply output and input of the system after the system level fault enters a protection mechanism.
And further, the security policy control module is further used for executing alarm reset operation and setting different alarm value reset delay time for signals with different security levels.
Further, the alarm reset operation in the safety strategy control module of the system is combined with PCS standby and shutdown.
The invention discloses an energy storage device safety control system based on optical fiber temperature measurement, which is characterized in that the temperature of each battery in a lithium battery energy storage device is monitored in real time through an optical fiber temperature measurement technology to judge the thermal stability state of the battery, simultaneously, the temperature curve of the whole service cycle of the battery is recorded, and the health degree of the battery is analyzed by combining a battery voltage safety state algorithm and the like, so that the purposes of ensuring the safe operation of the lithium battery energy storage system and avoiding the thermal runaway risk of the battery are achieved.
Drawings
The features and advantages of the present disclosure will be more clearly understood by reference to the accompanying drawings, which are illustrative and should not be construed as limiting the disclosure in any way, in which
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an energy storage device safety control system based on optical fiber temperature measurement;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of thermal runaway;
FIG. 3 Security control policy diagram
Detailed Description
These and other features and characteristics of the present disclosure, as well as the methods of operation and functions of the related elements of structure and the combination of parts and economies of manufacture, will be better understood by reference to the following description and drawings, which form a part of this specification. It is to be expressly understood, however, that the drawings are for the purpose of illustration and description only and are not intended as a definition of the limits of the disclosure. It will be understood that the figures are not drawn to scale. Various block diagrams are used in this disclosure to illustrate various variations of embodiments according to the disclosure.
Example 1
A lithium battery energy storage device safety control system based on optical fiber temperature measurement comprises an optical fiber temperature measurement device and a safety control device. The optical fiber temperature measuring device comprises: the optical fiber temperature measuring device uses optical fibers as temperature sensing elements and signal transmission media, a series of temperature sensitive areas, namely Bragg gratings, are manufactured on common single-mode optical fibers, the sensitive areas can accurately and sensitively detect slight changes of ambient temperature, other parts of the optical fibers are only used for signal transmission and are insensitive to environmental interference, and therefore high sensitivity and low error rate of temperature sensing detection of the whole optical fiber gratings are guaranteed.
The optical fiber temperature measuring device utilizes the Bragg grating of the optical fiber as a sensing element and combines laser, optical fiber and optical communication technology to construct a monitoring system. The method is characterized in that a periodic defect structure is inscribed on an optical fiber by adopting a laser micromachining technology to form a Bragg grating, when incident light enters the Bragg grating, selective reflection can be generated under the condition that the Bragg condition is met, and when the Bragg grating is acted by external temperature, the wavelength of the reflected light is changed. The change of the corresponding temperature of the part to be measured can be determined according to the change of the wavelength of the reflected light. The grating with different wavelengths is inscribed on the same optical fiber, so that multi-point simultaneous measurement can be realized. And then, each functional module in the fiber grating temperature-sensing detection signal processor completes the excitation/output optical spectrum analysis and physical quantity conversion of an input light source of the fiber grating temperature-sensing detector, and gives the temperature information of each monitoring point in a digital mode.
The optical fiber temperature measuring device can comprise a light source generator, a processor and a photoelectric detection unit. The optical fiber temperature measuring device can further comprise a Bluetooth/WIFI communication circuit or a USB communication circuit and a storage module, and the optical fiber temperature measuring data are stored and sent to the close-range data acquisition device. The optical fiber temperature measuring device is not limited to temperature measurement, and can be further integrated with other parameter sensors to transmit signals to other processing devices.
The temperature data that safety control device received the optic fibre temperature measuring device and sent records the temperature curve of the whole life cycle of battery simultaneously, and safety control device can include safe state control module, safe state control module includes data processing unit and data acquisition unit, the data acquisition unit is used for battery device data collection and/or detects, the detection to battery state data can be through optic fibre temperature measuring device and data acquisition unit come to accomplish jointly or alone to measuring through the temperature to every battery cell, voltage monitoring, gas monitoring, combination SOH (battery state of health value), delta T (battery temperature change rate), delta R (battery internal resistance change rate), CO (fire control detector carbon monoxide concentration value), VOC (fire control detector volatile organic compounds concentration value) etc.. The data acquisition unit sends the acquired data to the data processing unit, the data processing unit is used for evaluating the safety level according to the received detection data, and the specific evaluation safety mode is as follows:
sos (state of safety) is a comprehensive evaluation value of the battery safety parameter.
SOSi＝(100-SOHi)+ΔT+ΔR+COi+VOCi；
SOSj＝(100-SOHj)+(Tj-Ti)+(Rj-Ri)+COj+VOCj；
Wherein, SOSi is the reference value of the battery safety parameter;
SOHi is a battery state of health reference value, and the maximum value is 100;
the delta T is a reference value of the change rate of the safe temperature of the battery;
the delta R is a reference value of the change rate of the safe internal resistance of the battery;
COi is a reference value of the concentration of the carbon monoxide safe to the battery;
VOCi is a concentration reference value of the safe volatile organic compounds of the battery;
SOSj is a battery safety parameter value at the current moment;
SOHj is the current battery state of health value, and the maximum value is 100;
tj is a current temperature sampling value, and Ti is a temperature value at the last sampling moment;
rj is the current internal resistance value of the battery to be measured, and Ri is the internal resistance value of the battery at the last measurement moment;
COj is the carbon monoxide concentration value at the current moment;
VOcj is the concentration value of volatile organic compounds; i, j are numbers used to identify different time instants,
when the SOSj value measured and calculated in real time is compared with the SOSi, and when the SOSj is larger than the SOSi, starting an alarm process according to an interval where the two different difference values are located, and setting the SOS three-level fault alarm level: the first level is the lowest risk level and is safe; the third level is the highest risk level and extremely dangerous; through the early warning to the battery safe state, avoid the battery to work in high-risk area, to the battery system of "taking a disease" operation, give the early warning, be convenient for the emergence of operation and maintenance prevention incident.
Preferentially, the method comprises the following steps:
SOSi＝(100-SOHi)+ΔT+ΔR+COi+VOCi；
SOSj ═ (100-SOHj) + (Tj-Ti) + (Rj-Ri) + COj + VOCj; the values of Δ T and Δ R in the measurement parameters are related to the measurement period settings of Tj, Ti, Rj, and Ri, and when the measurement interval needs to be increased or decreased by multiples due to an emergency, the preset Δ T and Δ R may be changed according to the corresponding proportion. Preferentially, when a plurality of measuring points exist at the same time, the values of Tj, Ti, Rj and Ri are obtained by adopting weighted average to the numerical values of different measuring points and internal resistivity. Each cell may be equipped with 4 temperature sampling points.
The installation control device further comprises a thermal runaway control module, the thermal runaway control module comprises a data processing and data collecting unit, and the data collecting unit collects the data of the full battery temperature field through the optical fiber temperature measuring device and sends the data of the data collecting unit to the data processing unit. The data acquisition unit can be integrated with other sensors or measurers through an optical fiber temperature measuring device to detect the temperature, voltage monitoring and gas monitoring of each single battery, and combines with SOH (battery health state value), delta T (battery temperature change rate), delta R (battery internal resistance change rate), CO (fire detector carbon monoxide concentration value) and VOC (fire detector volatile organic compound concentration value).
And according to a preset electric heating runaway model, effectively diagnosing the battery overheating runaway so as to execute a corresponding safety control strategy.
T _ runaway is a comprehensive assessment value for battery thermal runaway diagnosis.
T_runaway1＝SOSi+ΔR+ΔT+COi+VOCi；
T_runaway2＝SOSj+(Tj-Ti)+(Rj-Ri)+COj+VOCj
Wherein, T _ runaway1 is a comparative reference value for judging thermal runaway of the battery;
SOSi is a reference value of the battery safety parameter;
the delta T is a reference value of the change rate of the thermal runaway temperature of the battery;
delta R is a reference value of the thermal runaway internal resistance change rate of the battery;
COi is a reference value of the concentration of carbon monoxide caused by thermal runaway of the battery;
VOCi is a concentration reference value of the thermal runaway volatile organic compounds of the battery;
SOSj is a current battery safety parameter calculation value;
tj is a current temperature sampling value, and Ti is a temperature value at the last sampling moment;
rj is the current internal resistance value of the battery to be measured, and Ri is the internal resistance value of the battery at the last measurement moment;
COj is the carbon monoxide concentration value at the current moment;
VOcj is the concentration value of volatile organic compounds;
comparing the T _ runaway2 value with the T _ runaway1 value in real time, and judging that the battery is in a thermal runaway state when the T _ runaway2 is greater than the T _ runaway 1.
The values of Δ T and Δ R of the optional measurement parameters are related to the measurement period settings of Tj, Ti, Rj, and Ri, and when the measurement interval needs to be increased or decreased by multiples due to an emergency, the preset Δ T and Δ R may be changed according to the corresponding proportion. Preferentially, when a plurality of measuring points exist at the same time, the values of Tj, Ti, Rj and Ri are obtained by adopting weighted average to the numerical values of different measuring points and internal resistivity.
The safety strategy for finding the thermal runaway measure is as follows: alarm, power failure, isolation and fire protection are cooperated.
Fig. 2 shows the corresponding status display of different batteries, and the security policy may send a response alarm message to the remote control device according to different temperatures, and send or trigger a security alarm message to the security management controller through the linkage of the security control.
Example II,
A lithium battery energy storage device safety control system based on optical fiber temperature measurement comprises an optical fiber temperature measurement device and a safety control device. The optical fiber temperature measuring device comprises: the optical fiber temperature measuring device uses optical fibers as temperature sensing elements and signal transmission media, a series of temperature sensitive areas, namely Bragg gratings, are manufactured on common single-mode optical fibers, the sensitive areas can accurately and sensitively detect slight changes of ambient temperature, other parts of the optical fibers are only used for signal transmission and are insensitive to environmental interference, and therefore high sensitivity and low error rate of temperature sensing detection of the whole optical fiber gratings are guaranteed.
The optical fiber temperature measuring device utilizes the Bragg grating of the optical fiber as a sensing element and combines laser, optical fiber and optical communication technology to construct a monitoring system. The method is characterized in that a periodic defect structure is inscribed on an optical fiber by adopting a laser micromachining technology to form a Bragg grating, when incident light enters the Bragg grating, selective reflection can be generated under the condition that the Bragg condition is met, and when the Bragg grating is acted by external temperature, the wavelength of the reflected light is changed. The change of the corresponding temperature of the part to be measured can be determined according to the change of the wavelength of the reflected light. The grating with different wavelengths is inscribed on the same optical fiber, so that multi-point simultaneous measurement can be realized. And then, each functional module in the fiber grating temperature-sensing detection signal processor completes the excitation/output optical spectrum analysis and physical quantity conversion of an input light source of the fiber grating temperature-sensing detector, and gives the temperature information of each monitoring point in a digital mode.
The optical fiber temperature measuring device can comprise a light source generator, a processor and a photoelectric detection unit. The optical fiber temperature measuring device can also comprise a Bluetooth communication circuit or a USB communication circuit and a storage module, and stores the data of the optical fiber temperature measurement and sends the data to the close-range data acquisition device. The optical fiber temperature measuring device is not limited to temperature measurement, and can be further integrated with other parameter sensors to transmit signals to other processing devices.
The safety state control module comprises a data processing unit and a data acquisition unit, wherein the data acquisition unit is used for collecting and/or detecting battery device data, the detection on the battery state data can be realized by jointly or independently completing the temperature, voltage monitoring and gas monitoring of each single battery through an optical fiber temperature measuring device and the data acquisition unit, and the measurement is carried out by combining with an SOH (battery health state value), a delta T (battery temperature change rate), a delta R (battery internal resistance change rate), a CO (fire detector carbon monoxide concentration value), a VOC (volatile organic compound concentration value of a fire detector) and the like. The data acquisition unit sends the acquired data to the data processing unit, the data processing unit is used for evaluating the safety level according to the received detection data, and the specific evaluation safety mode is as follows:
sos (state of safety) is a comprehensive evaluation value of the battery safety parameter.
SOSi＝(100-SOHi)+ΔT+ΔR+COi+VOCi；
SOSj＝(100-SOHj)+(Tj-Ti)+(Rj-Ri)+COj+VOCj；
Wherein, SOSi is the reference value of the battery safety parameter;
SOHi is a battery state of health reference value, and the maximum value is 100;
the delta T is a reference value of the change rate of the safe temperature of the battery;
the delta R is a reference value of the change rate of the safe internal resistance of the battery;
COi is a reference value of the concentration of the carbon monoxide safe to the battery;
VOCi is a concentration reference value of the safe volatile organic compounds of the battery;
SOSj is a battery safety parameter value at the current moment;
SOHj is the current battery state of health value, and the maximum value is 100;
tj is a current temperature sampling value, and Ti is a temperature value at the last sampling moment;
rj is the current internal resistance value of the battery to be measured, and Ri is the internal resistance value of the battery at the last measurement moment;
COj is the carbon monoxide concentration value at the current moment;
VOcj is the concentration value of volatile organic compounds; i, j are numbers used to identify different time instants,
taking i as 1, j as 2, for example, i as 1 as a reference, comparing the real-time measured SOS2 value with the SOS1, when SOS2 is greater than SOS1, starting an alarm process according to a section where the difference between the two is located, and setting the SOS three-level fault alarm level: the first level is the lowest risk level and is safe; the third level is the highest risk level and extremely dangerous; through the early warning to the battery safe state, avoid the battery to work in high-risk area, to the battery system of "taking a disease" operation, give the early warning, be convenient for the emergence of operation and maintenance prevention incident.
Preferentially, the method comprises the following steps:
SOSi＝(100-SOHi)+ΔT+ΔR+COi+VOCi；
SOSj ═ (100-SOHj) + (Tj-Ti) + (Rj-Ri) + COj + VOCj; the values of Δ T and Δ R in the measurement parameters are related to the measurement period settings of Tj, Ti, Rj, and Ri, and when the measurement interval needs to be increased or decreased by multiples due to an emergency, the preset Δ T and Δ R may be changed according to the corresponding proportion. Preferentially, when a plurality of measuring points exist at the same time, the values of Tj, Ti, Rj and Ri are obtained by adopting weighted average to the numerical values of different measuring points and internal resistivity.
The installation control device further comprises a thermal runaway control module, the thermal runaway control module comprises a data processing and data collecting unit, and the data collecting unit collects the data of the full battery temperature field through the optical fiber temperature measuring device and sends the data of the data collecting unit to the data processing unit. The data acquisition unit can be integrated with other sensors or measurers through an optical fiber temperature measuring device to detect the temperature, voltage monitoring and gas monitoring of each single battery, and combines with SOH (battery health state value), delta T (battery temperature change rate), delta R (battery internal resistance change rate), CO (fire detector carbon monoxide concentration value) and VOC (fire detector volatile organic compound concentration value).
And according to a preset electric heating runaway model, effectively diagnosing the battery overheating runaway so as to execute a corresponding safety control strategy.
T _ runaway is a comprehensive assessment value for battery thermal runaway diagnosis.
T_runaway1＝SOSi+ΔR+ΔT+COi+VOCi；
T_runaway2＝SOSj+(Tj-Ti)+(Rj-Ri)+COj+VOCj
Wherein, T _ runaway1 is a comparative reference value for judging thermal runaway of the battery;
SOSi is a reference value of the battery safety parameter;
the delta T is a reference value of the change rate of the thermal runaway temperature of the battery;
delta R is a reference value of the thermal runaway internal resistance change rate of the battery;
COi is a reference value of the concentration of carbon monoxide caused by thermal runaway of the battery;
VOCi is a concentration reference value of the thermal runaway volatile organic compounds of the battery;
SOSj is a current battery safety parameter calculation value;
tj is a current temperature sampling value, and Ti is a temperature value at the last sampling moment;
rj is the current internal resistance value of the battery to be measured, and Ri is the internal resistance value of the battery at the last measurement moment;
COj is the carbon monoxide concentration value at the current moment;
VOcj is the concentration value of volatile organic compounds;
comparing the T _ runaway2 value with the T _ runaway1 value in real time, judging that the battery is in a thermal runaway state when the T _ runaway2 is greater than the T _ runaway1 value, and determining different states according to the difference.
The values of Δ T and Δ R of the optional measurement parameters are related to the measurement period settings of Tj, Ti, Rj, and Ri, and when the measurement interval needs to be increased or decreased by multiples due to an emergency, the preset Δ T and Δ R may be changed according to the corresponding proportion. Preferentially, when a plurality of measuring points exist at the same time, the values of Tj, Ti, Rj and Ri are obtained by adopting weighted average to the numerical values of different measuring points and internal resistivity.
The safety strategy for finding the thermal runaway measure is as follows: alarm, power failure, isolation and fire protection are cooperated. Fig. 2 shows the corresponding status display of different batteries, and the security policy may send a response alarm message to the remote control device according to different temperatures, and send or trigger a security alarm message to the security management controller through the linkage device of the security control.
The safety control device further comprises a safety control strategy unit which divides the detected thresholds of different runaway states and/or the thresholds of the safety states into different safety levels; by means of the data of the safety template, different parameters correspond to different faults and the like, and hierarchical control and multilayer isolation protection are achieved.
The system level fault or the battery module level fault is distinguished from the fault, and when the battery module is judged to be out of control due to thermal runaway or serious fault, a relay in the cut-off module can be directly triggered to isolate a fault object.
When the system is judged to have basic faults, the fire protection, PCS energy storage converter and EMS energy management system can be linked, and when the system has faults or receives the faults and enters a protection mechanism, the power supply input and output of the system can be cut off.
The security policy control module in the security control device further performs an alarm reset operation, where the alarm reset operation is performed to set an alarm value reset delay time for signals of different security levels, where the reset delay time values are different due to the alarm degree, and may present an arithmetic sequence, and may also be combined with PCS standby and shutdown, as exemplified in fig. 3: when a mild alarm occurs, the action is reset and delayed for 30 seconds, when a moderate alarm occurs, the PCS is triggered to stand by, the full electric function of the battery is forbidden, when the severe alarm is determined, the PCS is triggered to stop, the battery is forbidden to charge and discharge, the reset delay signal of the tangent battery relay is set for 15 seconds for the first time, and the reset is set for 25 seconds for the second time; and the safety of the battery pack system is controlled and ensured through the alarm reset delay.
The invention applies the optical fiber temperature measurement technology, can monitor the temperature state of each part of each battery core comprehensively and at high speed, greatly improves the temperature control capability of the energy storage system, simultaneously applies system safety engineering and a system safety management method in the whole life cycle of the energy storage system based on the temperature data of the battery, identifies the hidden danger in the system, and adopts effective control measures to minimize the danger, thereby leading the system to achieve the optimal safety degree within the specified performance, time and cost range. The basic principle of system safety is that in the design stage of a new system, the safety problem must be considered, and a safety work plan (system safety activity) is formulated and executed, belonging to the analysis in advance and the protection in advance. The system safety activities are carried out throughout the whole life cycle of the system until the system is scrapped. For the safety control of the system, the probability of potential accidents caused by hidden dangers is reduced to the minimum, and the damage caused by the potential dangers is controlled to an acceptable degree. This safety control system all-round control ensures the stable safe operation of energy storage system, and the thermal runaway state that the early warning battery probably takes place in advance does, avoids the potential fire hazard to appear in the energy storage system device, realizes the purpose that greatly reduced energy storage system fire incident takes place.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that all or part of the processes of the methods of the embodiments described above can be implemented by a computer program, which can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and when executed, can include the processes of the embodiments of the methods described above. The storage medium may be a magnetic Disk, an optical Disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a Flash Memory (Flash Memory), a Hard Disk (Hard Disk Drive, abbreviated as HDD) or a Solid State Drive (SSD), etc.; the storage medium may also comprise a combination of memories of the kind described above.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides an energy storage system safety control system based on optic fibre temperature measurement which characterized in that: the system comprises an optical fiber temperature measuring device and a safety control device;
the optical fiber temperature measuring device comprises a sensing element which is a Bragg grating of an optical fiber, and is arranged at the electric core to measure the temperature of the electric core; the optical fiber temperature measuring device sends temperature data to the safety control device,
the safety control device comprises a safety state control module, and the safety state module comprises a data processing unit and a data acquisition unit; the data acquisition unit is used for acquiring a resistance R, a CO concentration value and a VOC concentration value of volatile organic compounds;
the data processing unit is used for evaluating the security level according to the received detection data, and the safety level evaluating mode is as follows:
SOS (State of safety) is a comprehensive evaluation value of the battery safety parameter;
SOSi＝(100-SOHi)+ΔT+ΔR+COi+VOCi；
SOSj＝(100-SOHj)+(Tj-Ti)+(Rj-Ri)+COj+VOCj；
wherein, SOSi is the reference value of the battery safety parameter;
SOHi is a battery state of health reference value, and the maximum value is 100; the delta T is a reference value of the change rate of the safe temperature of the battery; the delta R is a reference value of the change rate of the safe internal resistance of the battery; COi is a reference value of the concentration of the carbon monoxide safe to the battery; VOCi is a concentration reference value of the safe volatile organic compounds of the battery; SOSj is a battery safety parameter value at the current moment; SOHj is the current battery state of health value, and the maximum value is 100; tj is a current temperature sampling value, and Ti is a temperature value at the last sampling moment; rj is the current internal resistance value of the battery to be measured, and Ri is the internal resistance value of the battery at the last measurement moment; COj is the carbon monoxide concentration value at the current moment; VOcj is the current volatile organic concentration value; i, j are used for identifying different measuring moments; and acquiring the region where the difference value of the SOSj and the SOSi is positioned, and determining different security levels.
2. The energy storage system safety control system based on optical fiber temperature measurement as claimed in claim 1, wherein the optical fiber temperature measurement device comprises a wireless communication module for sending the temperature number of the optical fiber temperature measurement to the safety control device; the safety control device records the temperature curve of the whole service cycle of the battery.
3. The fiber optic thermometry device of claim 2, comprising a wireless communication module, the module capable of transmitting data using a bluetooth or WIFI protocol.
4. The system of claims 1-3, the safety control device further comprising a thermal runaway control module comprising a data processing and data acquisition unit: the data acquisition unit is used for acquiring the values of the resistance R, the CO concentration and the VOC volatile organic compound concentration,
the data processing unit is used for performing thermal runaway diagnosis according to the received detection data, and the thermal runaway diagnosis specifically comprises the following steps:
t _ runaway is a comprehensive evaluation value for battery thermal runaway diagnosis;
T_runaway1＝SOSi+ΔR+ΔT+COi+VOCi；
T_runaway2＝SOSj+(Tj-Ti)+(Rj-Ri)+COj+VOCj
wherein, T _ runaway1 is a comparative reference value for judging thermal runaway of the battery; SOSi is a reference value of the battery safety parameter; the delta T is a reference value of the change rate of the thermal runaway temperature of the battery; delta R is a reference value of the thermal runaway internal resistance change rate of the battery; COi is a reference value of the concentration of carbon monoxide caused by thermal runaway of the battery; VOCi is a concentration reference value of the thermal runaway volatile organic compounds of the battery; SOSj is a current battery safety parameter calculation value; tj is a current temperature sampling value, and Ti is a temperature value at the last sampling moment; rj is the current internal resistance value of the battery to be measured, and Ri is the internal resistance value of the battery at the last measurement moment; COj is the carbon monoxide concentration value at the current moment; VOcj is the current concentration value of volatile organic compounds;
and comparing the T _ runaway2 value with the T _ runaway1 value in real time, and obtaining the state grade of the thermal runaway according to the difference value of the T _ runaway2 value and the T _ runaway1 value.
5. The system of claim 4, wherein the data acquisition units in the thermal runaway control module and the safety state control module may be integrated into the fiber optic thermometry device.
6. The system of claim 5, the safety control device further comprising a safety strategy control module configured to perform fault diagnosis based on the state level and/or the safety level of the thermal runaway and to perform corresponding safety control operations.
7. The system of claim 6, wherein the security policy control module, the fault diagnosis is: the system level fault or the battery module level fault is distinguished from the fault, and when the thermal runaway or the serious safety level of the battery module is judged, a relay in the battery module can be cut off by direct triggering, and the fault battery is isolated.
8. The system of claim 7, wherein the fault diagnosis is specifically: and distinguishing the system level fault from the fault or the battery module level fault, and linking the fire protection system, the PCS energy storage converter and the EMS energy management system when the system level fault is judged, and cutting off the power supply output and input of the system after the system level fault enters a protection mechanism.
9. The system of claim 8, the security policy control module further to perform an alarm reset operation to set different alarm value reset delay times for different security level signals.
10. The system of claim 10 wherein alarm reset operations in the security policy control module are combined with PCS standby and shutdown.
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