CN110929364A - Quantitative evaluation method for microcracks of compact clastic rock reservoir - Google Patents
Quantitative evaluation method for microcracks of compact clastic rock reservoir Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an oil-gas exploration, development and analysis technology. The invention relates to a method for quantitatively evaluating microcracks of a compact clastic rock reservoir, which comprises the following steps of: identifying the microcracks and determining real and effective microcracks; measuring the opening, length and density parameters of the microcracks; calculating the porosity and permeability of the underground microcracks through conversion of the measurement parameters; and (4) integrating a plurality of parameter characteristics of the microcrack development to perform comprehensive quantitative evaluation on the microcracks. The method can accurately and quantitatively evaluate the micro cracks in the clastic rock reservoir, thereby finely describing reservoir characteristics, accurately evaluating the reservoir, improving the development efficiency of the compact clastic rock reservoir, determining the development level of the micro cracks of the compact clastic rock reservoir, effectively guiding the quantitative evaluation of the micro cracks of the compact clastic rock reservoir and laying a foundation for the efficient development of oil and gas reservoirs.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an oil-gas exploration, development and analysis technology, in particular to a quantitative evaluation method for microcracks of a compact clastic rock reservoir.
Background
In the process of oil and gas exploration and development, in order to identify an exploration area and ascertain oil and gas reserves, geological survey, geophysical exploration, drilling and related activities need to be carried out, wherein the analysis on clastic rock reservoir fractures is particularly important, the clastic rock reservoir fractures can be divided into macro fractures and micro fractures, wherein the clastic rock reservoir fractures are fractures with the opening degree smaller than 20 mu m, and in the actual research, the development of the micro fractures determines the capacity of a compact sandstone reservoir, but at present, the research on the micro fractures at home and abroad is in a starting stage.
The micro-fractures of the compact clastic rock reservoir are observed and described by means of a microscope, the opening degree of the micro-fractures and the pore throat diameter are in the same order of magnitude, the micro-fractures cannot be identified by conventional means such as well logging and earthquake, and the micro-fractures are often overlooked. According to the distribution characteristics of the micro cracks in the compact sandstone, the micro cracks are divided into 3 types: intragranular seams, grain edge seams and grain penetrating seams. The grain penetrating seam has large scale and long extension, is not limited by mineral particles, has the opening degree of 5-20 mu m at most, is mostly expressed as penetrating a plurality of mineral particles, is easy to be corroded at the same time, and has the opening degree increased after being corroded. The cause of the through grain cracks is mainly cracks related to structural cracks, the directionality is obvious, the through grain cracks are partially filled by asphalt and calcite, and in addition, the diagenetic cracks mainly develop on lithologic interfaces. The intragranular cracks mainly develop into cracks of quartz, occasionally cleavage cracks of feldspar, develop in quartz or calcite mineral particles without cutting edges of the mineral particles, and the scale of the cracks is small, and the opening degree of the cracks is smaller than 10 mu m.
Although the classification schemes of the different types of micro fractures describe the morphology and the distribution characteristics of the micro fractures in more detail, quantitative evaluation of the micro fractures cannot be achieved, and the storage and permeability performance of a compact reservoir cannot be judged according to the development conditions of the micro fractures, so that how to accurately perform quantitative evaluation on the micro fractures becomes one of key technologies for accurately evaluating the compact reservoir.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems that the research on the micro cracks is still in a starting stage at present, the shape and distribution characteristics of the micro cracks are correspondingly explained, but the micro cracks cannot be quantitatively evaluated, and the storage and seepage performance of a compact reservoir cannot be judged from the development condition of the micro cracks, and provides a method for quantitatively evaluating the micro cracks of the compact clastic rock reservoir.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a method for quantitatively evaluating microcracks of a compact clastic rock reservoir comprises the following steps:
A. identifying the microcracks and determining real and effective microcracks;
B. measuring the opening, length and density parameters of the microcracks;
C. calculating the porosity and permeability of the underground microcracks through conversion of the measurement parameters;
D. and (4) integrating a plurality of parameter characteristics of the microcrack development to perform comprehensive quantitative evaluation on the microcracks.
The quantitative evaluation method for the microcracks of the compact clastic rock reservoir can accurately perform quantitative evaluation on the microcracks in the clastic rock reservoir, thereby finely describing reservoir characteristics, accurately evaluating the reservoir, improving the development efficiency of the compact clastic rock reservoir, determining the development level of the microcracks of the compact clastic rock reservoir, effectively guiding the quantitative evaluation on the microcracks of the compact clastic rock reservoir, and laying a foundation for the efficient development of oil and gas reservoirs.
Preferably, in the step A, the micro cracks in the thin slice are identified through a microscope, and the length of the cracks is measured by selecting a low-power objective lens; and selecting a high-power objective lens to measure the opening degree of the crack. The opening degree of the microcracks is mostly less than 20 μm, so that the microcracks must be measured by means of a microscope and cannot be identified by conventional means such as well logging, earthquake and the like, and the microcracks are often ignored, so that the microcrack parameters are accurately measured by combining the microscope, and a data basis is provided for subsequent research.
Preferably, the area of the thin slice is measured in the step B, and the area of the irregular rock slice is measured and calculated by a centimeter-lattice transparent paper or an integrator. And obtaining the density parameters of the microcracks according to the area of the sheet and the opening and the length of the microcracks.
Preferably, the opening values of a plurality of positions are measured for the same crack, the average value is taken, and the empirical correction value between the true opening and the measured apparent opening of the measured crack is 2/pi for a slice with randomly distributed cracks. And the opening values of a plurality of positions measured by the same crack are averaged to obtain a more accurate calculated value, and the measured value is subjected to empirical correction and is provided for a more effective parameter value in subsequent calculation.
Preferably, in step C, the formula for calculating the porosity of the microcracks is as follows:
the formula for calculating the permeability of the microcracks is as follows:
wherein e isiMicro-crack width (i is a natural number from 1 to n), li-microcrack length (i is a natural number from 1 to n), S-sheet area, n-number of microcracks, C-microcrack coefficient.
The method is firstly proposed by the former Soviet Union geological exploration scientific research institute, and then is verified by research of E.M.Cmexoba and the like, so that sufficient precision can be ensured, and the porosity and permeability values of the microcracks can be obtained.
Preferably, the microcrack crack coefficient C is 1.7 × 10－6This is the value of the crack coefficients taken to be randomly distributed.
Preferably, the comprehensive quantitative evaluation method in step D includes:
(1) firstly, screening out factors reflecting the development degree of the microcracks, including the reservoir thickness D of the developing microcracks, the percentage α of the number of the sheets of the developing microcracks in the total number of the sheets in the region, and the areal density S of the microcracksmfMicro-fractured porosity
And permeability K of microcracksf；
(2) Based on different influences of various factors on the development degree of the microcracks, corresponding weighting factors (X) are respectively given according to the influence levels1、X2、X3、X4And X5)；
(3) And multiplying the value of each influence factor by the weighting factor given by the influence factor, wherein the sum of each evaluation score is a comprehensive index of the microcrack development degree of the horizon in the area, and the higher the comprehensive evaluation index is, the more microcracks develop at the horizon in the area.
The comprehensive quantitative evaluation method is characterized in that the porosity and permeability values of the microcracks are obtained according to the measured parameters and experiences of the microcracks, the values of the influencing factors are multiplied by the given weighting factors to obtain evaluation values for evaluating the development degree of the microcracks, the microcracks are visually quantized, the development degree of the microcracks can be visually evaluated, the accuracy of the process from measurement to calculation is high, and data support is provided for effectively judging the permeability storage performance of a compact reservoir.
Preferably, the calculation formula of the comprehensive evaluation index is as follows:
wherein, X1、X2、X3、X4And X5Are weighting factor coefficients.
Preferably, the overall microcrack evaluation index ZfA high value zone is more than 20 and represents a microcrack development zone; z is more than 5fLess than 20 indicates that the microcracks are relatively developed; zf< 5 indicates that microcracks did not develop. The calculation formula and the calculated value firstly provide a method for comprehensively and quantitatively evaluating the multi-factor microcracks, so that the development degree of the reservoir microcracks can be accurately evaluated.
Preferably, the value of the weighting factor coefficient is determined according to the level of the correlation of the corresponding parameter.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the method can accurately perform quantitative evaluation on the micro-fractures in the clastic rock reservoir, so that the reservoir characteristics are described finely, the reservoir is evaluated accurately, the development efficiency of the compact clastic rock reservoir is improved, the development level of the micro-fractures of the compact clastic rock reservoir can be determined, the quantitative evaluation on the micro-fractures of the compact clastic rock reservoir is effectively guided, and a foundation is laid for the efficient development of the oil and gas reservoir;
2. the opening degree of the microcracks is mostly less than 20 μm, so that the microcracks must be measured by means of a microscope and cannot be identified by conventional means such as well logging, earthquake and the like, and the microcrack parameters are accurately measured by combining the microscope, so that a data basis is provided for subsequent research;
3. the opening values of a plurality of positions measured by the same crack are calculated averagely to obtain a more accurate calculated value, and the measured value is subjected to experience correction and is provided for a more effective parameter value in subsequent calculation;
4. the method comprises the steps of correcting according to actual measurement parameters and experience of the microcracks, obtaining porosity and permeability values of the microcracks according to an accurate and reliable calculation formula, obtaining an evaluation numerical value for evaluating the development degree of the microcracks by multiplying the value of each influence factor by a given weighting factor, quantifying the visibility of the microcracks, evaluating the development degree of the microcracks visually, and providing data support for effectively judging the permeability storage performance of a compact reservoir, wherein the accuracy of the process from measurement to calculation is high.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method for quantitatively evaluating the microcracks of the tight clastic rock reservoir.
FIG. 2 is a plot of microfracture opening versus number of strips for a reservoir of an example.
FIG. 3 is a plot of porosity versus sample frequency for an example reservoir.
FIG. 4 is a graph of permeability versus sample frequency for an example reservoir.
FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of the seam penetrating in the embodiment.
FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of the inner seam of the granule in the embodiment.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to test examples and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the scope of the above-described subject matter is not limited to the following examples, and any techniques implemented based on the disclosure of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.
Examples
In this embodiment, by observing 323 thin slices of a certain reservoir, it is found that the micro-fractures developed in the reservoir are mainly interparticle cracks, and are intragranular cracks and perigranular cracks. As shown in FIG. 5, the grain-through slits are large in scale, long in extension, not limited by mineral particles, and have an opening of 5 μm to 20 μm in most cases, and are likely to be corroded while passing through several mineral particles, and the opening increases after corrosion.
The origin of the through grain seams is mainly cracks related to structural cracks, the orientation is obvious, the through grain seams are partially filled by asphalt and calcite, and then rock-forming cracks mainly develop on a lithologic interface, as shown in figure 6, the intra-grain seams mainly develop into quartz cracks, the opening degree and the length are small, the opening degree is smaller than 10 mu m, and the through grain seams are mainly formed by the rock-forming effect and the later structural extrusion effect. Therefore, in order to accurately and quantitatively evaluate the micro fractures in the clastic rock reservoir, so as to precisely describe the reservoir characteristics, accurately evaluate the reservoir and improve the development efficiency of the compact clastic rock reservoir, the method for quantitatively evaluating the micro fractures in the compact clastic rock reservoir according to the embodiment includes the following steps, as shown in fig. 1:
A. identifying the microcracks and determining real and effective microcracks;
B. measuring the opening, length and density parameters of the microcracks;
C. calculating the porosity and permeability of the underground microcracks through conversion of the measurement parameters;
D. and (4) integrating a plurality of parameter characteristics of the microcrack development to perform comprehensive quantitative evaluation on the microcracks.
Further, identifying the micro cracks in the slice through a microscope in the step A, and selecting a low power objective lens to measure the length of the cracks; and selecting a high-power objective lens to measure the opening degree of the crack. The opening degree of the microcracks is mostly less than 20 μm, so that the microcracks must be measured by means of a microscope and cannot be identified by conventional means such as well logging, earthquake and the like, and the microcracks are often ignored, so that the microcrack parameters are accurately measured by combining the microscope, and a data basis is provided for subsequent research.
Furthermore, in step B, the area S of the slice is measured, and the area of the irregular slice is measured and calculated by a centimeter-lattice transparent paper or an integrator. And obtaining the density parameters of the microcracks according to the area of the sheet and the opening and the length of the microcracks.
In this embodiment, for the same crack, the opening values at a plurality of positions are measured, the average value is taken, and for the thin slices with randomly distributed cracks, the empirical correction value between the actual opening and the actually measured apparent opening of the measured crack is 2/pi. And the opening values of a plurality of positions measured by the same crack are averaged to obtain a more accurate calculated value, and the measured value is subjected to empirical correction and is provided for a more effective parameter value in subsequent calculation.
Through the measurement and calculation of the process, as shown in fig. 2, the actual opening degree of the gas reservoir grain penetration seam of the embodiment is mainly distributed between 1.3 μm and 4.6 μm, accounting for 81.8%, the peak value is 2.5 μm to 4.5 μm, accounting for 68.6%, and the average value is 3.4 μm; the opening degree of the micro-cracks of the conglomerate reservoir is 3.8-27.3 mu m, the average size is 16.1 mu m, the micro-cracks are far higher than those of other lithologic reservoirs, and the opening degree of the micro-cracks of the fine and medium particle calcium debris sandstone is 3.2 mu m; the opening degree of the medium-grained rock debris quartz sandstone microcracks is 3.2-12.7 μm.
In this embodiment, the porosity formula for calculating the microcracks is:
the formula for calculating the permeability of the microcracks is as follows:
wherein e isiMicro-crack width (i is a natural number from 1 to n), liMicrocrack length (i is a natural number from 1 to n), S-sheet area, n-microcrack stripNumber, C-microcrack crack coefficient.
The method is firstly proposed by the former Soviet Union geological exploration scientific research institute, and then is verified by research of E.M.Cmexoba and the like, so that sufficient precision can be ensured, and the porosity and permeability values of the microcracks can be obtained.
The quantitative evaluation method for the microcracks of the compact clastic rock reservoir can accurately perform quantitative evaluation on the microcracks in the clastic rock reservoir, so that the reservoir characteristics are described finely, the reservoir is evaluated accurately, the development efficiency of the compact clastic rock reservoir is improved, the development level of the microcracks of the compact clastic rock reservoir can be determined, the quantitative evaluation on the microcracks of the compact clastic rock reservoir is effectively guided, and a foundation is laid for the efficient development of oil and gas reservoirs.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, according to the above formula, the gas reservoir microcrack porosity of the present embodiment is 0.04% to 0.84%, the average is 0.27%, the peak value is 0.1% to 0.4%, which accounts for 55.3%, the microcrack permeability is 0.01mD to 32.37mD, the average is 4.31mD, which is greater than 1mD, which accounts for 71.9%; furthermore, the porosity of the conglomerate reservoir microcracks is 0.01-0.53%, the permeability is 0.15-336.5mD, the permeability is calculated to be far higher than that of other reservoirs, and the opening degree of the corresponding conglomerate microcracks is far larger than that of other lithologic reservoirs.
Further, the microcrack crack coefficient C is 1.7 multiplied by 10－6This is the value of the crack coefficients taken to be randomly distributed.
Because the opening and the spacing of the micro cracks measured on the sheet are values of the micro cracks after ground pressure reduction, the values are larger than the actual underground opening value, and closed coring is not performed, the porosity of the underground micro cracks is reduced by 8% by taking the earlier-stage research results and experiences as reference, and the permeability is reduced by 46%. And the average porosity of the underground microcracks of the lower sub-section microcrack development section (well depth 3229-3233m) of the reservoir gas reservoir is 0.45 percent, the average permeability is 4.2mD, the average porosity of the underground microcracks of the upper sub-section microcrack development section (well depth 2906-2910m) is 0.38 percent, and the average permeability is 2.9 mD.
Therefore, the microcracks are not only important storage spaces of low-permeability sandstone reservoirs, but also play a good seepage role, high-value areas of the porosity and the permeability of the microcracks have a rule that high values are overlapped with each other, and are most likely to be main yield contribution layers, the development of the microcracks greatly improves the performance of the reservoirs, the seepage radius is enlarged, and the single-well controlled reserve can be increased. Therefore, the single well can obtain high capacity due to the good seepage effect of the huge micro-fracture system, the dense reservoir layer can obtain relatively stable capacity due to the reservoir space provided for the reservoir layer, and the correct judgment and evaluation of the development and installation conditions of the micro-fracture system are very important.
Further, the comprehensive quantitative evaluation method in step D of this embodiment includes:
(1) firstly, screening out factors reflecting the development degree of the microcracks, including the reservoir thickness D of the developing microcracks, the percentage α of the number of the sheets of the developing microcracks in the total number of the sheets in the region, and the areal density S of the microcracksmfMicro-fractured porosity
And permeability K of microcracksf；
(2) Based on different influences of various factors on the development degree of the microcracks, corresponding weighting factors (X) are respectively given according to the influence levels1、X2、X3、X4And X5)；
(3) And multiplying the value of each influence factor by the weighting factor given by the influence factor, wherein the sum of each evaluation score is a comprehensive index of the microcrack development degree of the horizon in the area, and the higher the comprehensive evaluation index is, the more microcracks develop at the horizon in the area.
Specifically, the calculation formula of the comprehensive evaluation index is as follows:
wherein, X1、X2、X3、X4And X5Are weighting factor coefficients.
More specifically, the microcrack comprehensive evaluation index ZfA high value zone is more than 20 and represents a microcrack development zone; z is more than 5fLess than 20 indicates that the microcracks are relatively developed; zf< 5 indicates that microcracks did not develop. The calculation formula and the calculated value firstly provide multi-factor microcrack synthesisThe quantitative evaluation method achieves the accurate evaluation of the development degree of the reservoir microcracks.
Further, the value of the weighting factor coefficient is determined according to the height of the corresponding parameter correlation.
The comprehensive quantitative evaluation method is characterized in that the porosity and permeability values of the microcracks are obtained according to the measured parameters and experiences of the microcracks, the values of the influencing factors are multiplied by the given weighting factors to obtain evaluation values for evaluating the development degree of the microcracks, the microcracks are visually quantized, the development degree of the microcracks can be visually evaluated, the accuracy of the process from measurement to calculation is high, and data support is provided for effectively judging the permeability storage performance of a compact reservoir.
All of the features disclosed in this specification, or all of the steps in any method or process so disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except combinations of features and/or steps that are mutually exclusive.
Any feature disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract and drawings), may be replaced by alternative features serving equivalent or similar purposes, unless expressly stated otherwise. That is, unless expressly stated otherwise, each feature is only an example of a generic series of equivalent or similar features.
Claims (10)
1. A method for quantitatively evaluating microcracks of a compact clastic rock reservoir is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
A. identifying the microcracks and determining real and effective microcracks;
B. measuring the opening, length and density parameters of the microcracks;
C. calculating the porosity and permeability of the underground microcracks through conversion of the measurement parameters;
D. and (4) integrating a plurality of parameter characteristics of the microcrack development to perform comprehensive quantitative evaluation on the microcracks.
2. The method for quantitatively evaluating the microcracks in the tight clastic rock reservoir according to claim 1, wherein in the step A, the microcracks in the thin slices are identified through a microscope, a low-power objective lens is selected to measure the length of the microcracks, and a high-power objective lens is selected to measure the opening degree of the microcracks.
3. The method for quantitatively evaluating the microcracks of the tight clastic rock reservoir according to claim 2, wherein the area of the thin slices is measured in the step B, and the area of the irregular rock slices is measured and calculated by a centimeter-grid transparent paper or an integrator.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein for the same fracture, a plurality of opening values are measured, the average value is taken, and for a slice with randomly distributed fractures, the empirical correction value between the true opening and the observed opening of the measured fracture is 2/pi.
5. The method for quantitatively evaluating the microcracks of the tight clastic rock reservoir according to claim 3 or 4, wherein in the step C, the porosity formula for calculating the microcracks is as follows:
the formula for calculating the permeability of the microcracks is as follows:
wherein e is the width of the microcracks, eiWidth of i-th microcrack,/iThe length of the ith microcrack, i is a natural number from 1 to n, n is the number of microcracks, S is the area of the thin sheet, and C is the coefficient of microcracks.
6. The method for quantitatively evaluating the microcracks of the compact clastic rock reservoir as claimed in claim 5, wherein the microcrack coefficient C is 1.7 x 10-6。
7. The method for quantitatively evaluating the microcracks of the tight clastic rock reservoir according to claim 5, wherein the method for comprehensively and quantitatively evaluating in the step D comprises the following steps of:
(1) firstly, screening out factors reflecting the development degree of the microcracks, including the reservoir thickness D of the developing microcracks, the percentage α of the number of the sheets of the developing microcracks in the total number of the sheets in the region, and the areal density S of the microcracksmfMicro-fractured porosity
And permeability K of microcracksf；
(2) Based on different influences of various factors on the development degree of the microcracks, corresponding weighting factors are respectively given according to the influence levels: x1、X2、X3、X4And X5；
(3) And multiplying the value of each influence factor by the weighting factor given by the influence factor, wherein the sum of each evaluation score is a comprehensive index of the microcrack development degree of the horizon in the area, and the higher the comprehensive evaluation index is, the more microcracks develop at the horizon in the area.
8. The method for quantitatively evaluating the microcracks of the tight clastic rock reservoir according to claim 7, wherein the calculation formula of the comprehensive evaluation index is as follows:
wherein, X1、X2、X3、X4And X5Are weighting factor coefficients.
9. The method for quantitatively evaluating the microcracks of the tight clastic rock reservoir according to claim 8, wherein the comprehensive microcrack evaluation index Z isfA high value zone is more than 20 and represents a microcrack development zone; z is more than 5fLess than 20 indicates that the microcracks are relatively developed; zf< 5 indicates that microcracks did not develop.
10. The method for quantitatively evaluating the microcracks of the tight clastic rock reservoir according to claim 9, wherein the value of the weighting factor coefficient is determined according to the height of the correlation of the corresponding parameters.
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