CN110922976A - Coastal saline soil improvement salt-resistant agent for simulating soil self-improvement and restoration, and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Coastal saline soil improvement salt-resistant agent for simulating soil self-improvement and restoration, and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a coastal saline soil improvement salt-resistant agent for simulating soil self-improvement and restoration and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the invention simulates the relation between an eluviation deposition layer and a soil adhesive film formed in the natural process of soil and the soil deep soil by the components of the soil adhesive film interlayer; the soil structure improving component promotes the formation of a good granular structure of soil, destroys the capillary action of the soil, inhibits the movement of water and salt and realizes salt resistance. The leaching and depositing layer is formed by the soil adhesive film interlayer component to effectively block salt, the soil structure improving component destroys the capillary action of soil, the self-repairing and self-improving effects of soil in nature are simulated, white pollution is avoided, the method is environment-friendly, simple and feasible, the salt blocking is efficient and long-lasting, and the used organic matters and mineral matters are natural or semi-natural products and are environment-friendly without recovery.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a coastal saline soil improvement salt inhibitor for simulating soil self-improvement and restoration, and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the field of soil conditioners.
Background
The salinized soil is the main obstacle soil in China and accounts for 4.88 percent of the available land area in China, wherein the salinized land area reaches 920.9 multiplied by 104hm2And accounts for 6.62 percent of the cultivated land area in China. With the reduction of cultivated land area in China, the pressure of 'grain safety' is increased, and especially the requirement of promoting 'Bohai sea granary' engineering construction is met, and a agenda schedule is provided for improvement of salinized soil. The coastal saline soil is distributed most widely, almost all distributed in provinces, cities and autonomous regions along the coast, and the area is about 211.4 multiplied by 104hm2. The coastal plain area in the north of the Yangtze river is the largest coastal saline soil distribution area in China and occupies about half of the area of the coastal saline soil. Due to natural factors and the lack of low-cost and effective modifiers, about 80% of coastal saline soil is not developed and utilized nowadays. At present, an improvement technology aiming at the characteristics of the coastal saline soil and simultaneously aiming at the utilization of resources in coastal areas is urgently needed.
The coastal saline soil, particularly the coastal saline soil in Huang-Huai area, has strong soil capillary action because the soil matrix is loess from loess plateau caused by yellow river flooding, the soil has low organic matter content and fine particles, and no good soil aggregate structure exists, and the coastal saline soil is easy to improve repeatedly because underground water in the coastal saline soil area has high ground water level and high mineralization degree and underground highly mineralized water easily reaches a soil plough layer under the action of the soil capillary; the phenomenon is easy to occur in spring and autumn with large wind power in the coastal saline soil area.
The water-salt relation between the cut plough layer and the soil at the lower part of the plough layer is an effective means for improving the saline soil, can promote the formation of good soil aggregates of the plough layer, improve the soil structure, destroy the continuity of the capillary action of the soil, prevent the salt in the bottom soil or underground water from ascending along with the capillary water and accumulating to the ground surface, and obviously reduce the influence of the saline soil at the bottom layer on the surface soil; thereby inhibiting the water and salt movement of the whole soil body and achieving the purpose of inhibiting salt and inhibiting the salt return of the soil of the plough layer.
The prior salt-blocking technology or salt-blocking method disclosed in the prior art has many defects, but the prior salt-blocking technology or salt-blocking method has different defects, for example, Chinese patent document CN106664860A discloses a saline-alkali land treatment system in desert regions, and the method has the advantages that salt blocking is carried out through engineering measures, the manufacturing cost is high, and the method is difficult to popularize on field crops. Chinese patent document CN107182336A discloses a method for improving salt resistance of a plastic film laid under a plough layer of a coastal saline-alkali land, wherein the method is used for resisting salt by laying the plastic film under the plough layer, and has the risks of difficult film recovery and white pollution. Chinese patent document CN103975666A discloses a method for controlling salt in moderately heavily salinized soil suitable for cotton cultivation, which is applicable to cotton crops but not necessarily to grain crops such as wheat, because the method of laying a straw salt-blocking layer below a plough layer and drip irrigation is narrow in application range. The method not only relates to the problem that the construction measures are adopted to bury straws, so that the manufacturing cost is high, but also has the problem that no water can be used to limit drip irrigation and popularization in coastal saline soil areas, particularly yellow irrigation areas. Chinese patent document CN107624603A discloses a method for afforestation in inland saline-alkali soil, in which an artificially synthesized high molecular polymer-polyurethane solution is used for salt isolation in saline-alkali soil improvement afforestation, which not only has the problems of high cost and environmental risk caused by difficult recovery of membrane material, but also has the problems that afforestation improvement belongs to root-limiting planting and is not suitable for field crops.
Therefore, a salt inhibitor which has low cost, wide application range, ecological property, environmental friendliness, simple method, suitability for coastal saline soil and effective salt inhibition is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of the prior art and provides a coastal saline soil improvement salt-resistant agent for simulating soil self-improvement and restoration, and a preparation method and application thereof.
The invention can achieve the following purposes:
(1) simulating the relationship between a leaching deposition layer and a soil adhesive film formed in the natural process of soil, and splitting the connection between plough layer soil and deep soil through the components of the soil adhesive film interlayer; the soil structure improving component promotes the formation of a good granular structure of soil, destroys the capillary action of the soil, inhibits the movement of water and salt and realizes salt resistance. The inorganic salt used in the process is not only harmless, but also can provide nutrients required by crops; the used organic matters and mineral matters are natural or semi-natural products, are environment-friendly and do not need to be recycled.
(2) The leaching and depositing layer formed by the soil adhesive film interlayer component effectively blocks salt, the soil structure improving component destroys the capillary action of soil, the self-repairing and self-improving effects of soil in nature can be simulated, white pollution cannot be caused, and the method is environment-friendly, simple and easy to implement, and efficient and long in salt blocking.
(3) The fertilizer can be applied in broadcasting and strip fertilizing, can realize simultaneous sowing of seed and fertilizer, is convenient to apply, does not need to help engineering measures, and is easy to popularize.
(4) The raw materials are easy to obtain, the cost is low, the process is simple, and the method is suitable for rapid mass production.
(5) The application range is wide, the fertilizer is not only suitable for economic crops and forest trees, but also suitable for field crops, and is not limited by irrigation technology.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a coastal saline soil improvement salt-resistant agent for simulating soil self-improvement and restoration comprises two functional components of a soil structure improvement component and a soil adhesive film interlayer component, wherein the weight ratio of the soil structure improvement component to the soil adhesive film interlayer component is as follows: (80-90): (10-20).
According to the invention, the soil structure improvement component comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
according to the invention, the soybean oil residue is preferably residue obtained after soybean oil is extracted from soybeans and subjected to extraction and precipitation.
According to the invention, the humic acid is preferably weathered coal or lignite, the humic acid is powder with the fineness of more than or equal to 200 meshes, the content of soluble humic acid is more than or equal to 1 percent, and the water content is less than or equal to 15 percent.
According to the invention, the polyvinyl alcohol is preferably polyvinyl alcohol with medium and low polymerization degree, and the polymerization degree is more preferably 1700-1800.
According to the invention, the bentonite and the calcium sulfate dihydrate are preferably powdery, and the fineness of the bentonite and the calcium sulfate dihydrate is more than or equal to 200 meshes.
According to the invention, the calcium lignosulfonate is preferably obtained by sulfite pulping, and the molecular weight is controlled to be 800-4000.
Preferably, according to the present invention, the soil structure improving component is prepared by the following method:
dissolving polyvinyl alcohol in hot water at the temperature of 80-90 ℃ according to the weight ratio of 1:10, cooling to room temperature, sequentially adding wormcast, silkworm excrement and calcium lignosulfonate, finally adding soybean oil residue, shearing and stirring at the rotation speed of 500-800 r/min, shearing and stirring for 15min when stirring to form paste, and stopping stirring to obtain a liquid component in the soil structure improvement component; uniformly mixing humic acid, bentonite and calcium sulfate dihydrate in proportion to obtain a solid component, spraying a liquid component onto the solid component by pressurizing, and carrying out rolling granulation and drying at 150-180 ℃ for 25-35 min to obtain the soil structure improvement component.
According to the present invention, the granulated particle size is preferably 2 to 4 mm.
According to the invention, the soil adhesive film salt-separating component preferably comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
14-20 parts of soil adhesive film forming material
65-76 parts of soil salt interlayer material
10-15 parts of a cementing dispersion material.
According to the invention, the preferable soil adhesive film forming material is one or more of manganese sulfate monohydrate, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, ammonium ferrous sulfate and ammonium ferrous citrate in any combination.
According to the invention, the fineness of the soil adhesive film forming material is preferably more than or equal to 80 meshes.
According to the invention, the soil salt separation layer material is preferably one or more of microcrystalline kaolin powder, chlorite powder and dolomite powder in any combination.
According to the invention, the fineness of the soil salt separation layer material is preferably more than or equal to 200 meshes.
According to the invention, the cementing and dispersing material is preferably one or more of fulvic acid powder, crude amino acid powder, molasses powder, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose and hydroxyethyl cellulose.
According to the invention, the soil adhesive film salt-separating component is preferably prepared by the following method:
adding the cementing dispersion material into water at 30-50 ℃ according to a solid-liquid ratio of 1: 3-5, shearing and emulsifying at a rotating speed of 1000-1500 r/min for 10-15 min, adding the soil adhesive film forming material while stirring at a rotating speed of 40-50 r/min, after 10-15 min, adding the soil salt separating material while stirring at the same rotating speed, stirring for 10-15 min, pressing into long strips, cutting into small segments, grinding the small segments into round particles, and drying at low temperature to obtain the soil adhesive film salt separating component.
According to the invention, the preferable low-temperature drying temperature is 60-80 ℃, and the water content of the salt-isolating component of the obtained soil adhesive film is less than or equal to 8%.
The preparation method of the coastal saline soil improvement salt inhibitor for simulating soil self-improvement and restoration is characterized by physically and uniformly mixing a soil structure improvement component and a soil adhesive film interlayer component according to a ratio.
The invention also provides application of the coastal saline soil improvement salt inhibitor for simulating soil self-improvement and restoration, which is used for improving high-water-level and high-salinity coastal saline soil, wherein the application amount is 80-150 kg/mu, and the application depth is 8-25 cm.
According to the invention, the preferable application amount is 100 kg/mu-150 kg/mu for the severe saline soil with the soluble salt content of more than or equal to 0.4 percent, and 80 kg/mu-100 kg/mu for the medium-low saline soil with the soluble salt content of less than 0.4 percent.
The soil has the capability of self-repairing and self-improving. In nature, an eluviation deposition layer with a soil adhesive film and a water blocking effect is formed due to the eluviation deposition effect of irrigation and rainfall below shallow soil, and the movement of underground water to the ground surface and the movement of salt to the overground part along with water are inhibited by the deposition layer. In addition, the soil is more fertile by the cultivation of human beings, the structure of the soil is improved, the capillary tubes of the soil are damaged, and the movement of salt to the overground part along with water is further inhibited. Of course, this process would be lengthy if no external intervention were performed, and may take decades, hundreds, or even thousands of years. In the practice of improving coastal saline soil, the soil of a silt soil plough layer is found to have light salt return in spring and autumn, and the soil profile is found through sampling and analysis, wherein the soil profile is provided with an eluviation deposition layer with a soil adhesive film. Therefore, the invention introduces the bonding components required by the formation of the soil aggregate structure through the preparation of the soil structure improvement components, promotes the formation of the good soil aggregate structure of the plough layer soil, destroys the capillary action of the soil, and inhibits the water and salt movement, and the bonding components and the proportion thereof highly simulate the natural components (such as humic acid, polysaccharide substances, organic nitrogen, calcium and the like) required by the soil particles to be bonded into aggregates and the proportion thereof, thereby not only improving the soil structure, but also leading the soil to be fertile, and further leading the salt resistance to be more efficient. According to the invention, through the preparation of the soil adhesive film interlayer component, the soil adhesive film component in the soil eluviation deposition layer is introduced, and the eluviation deposition layer with a water blocking effect below plough layer soil is promoted to form. The formation of the leaching and depositing layer with soil adhesive film and water-blocking function in the nature is simulated, the self-improvement and restoration of the soil are realized, and the soil adhesive film components and the proportion thereof highly simulate the soil adhesive film components (such as iron-manganese oxide, clay mineral and the like) and the proportion thereof in the leaching and depositing layer under the natural condition, so that the salt blocking is more durable. In addition, an auxiliary component, namely a cementing dispersion material, for ensuring the formation of the leaching deposition layer is introduced, so that the soil adhesive film plough layer material is ensured to be deposited at the bottom of the plough layer instead of being dispersed in the plough layer soil. Irrigation or precipitation salt washing of plough layer soil and eluviation deposition of soil adhesive film interlayer components are synchronous, and formation of a salt resistance layer is accompanied with a plough layer desalting process, so that salt resistance is not mistakenly desalted, and in addition, formation of a good granular structure of plough layer soil enables water to infiltrate more easily, so that the plough layer salt suppression effect is more obvious, and more efficient and more lasting effect are achieved. The used materials are all natural semi-natural materials, are environment-friendly and pollution-free, and do not need to be recycled; the raw materials are mostly wastes or crushed ore products, the price is low, the production process is simple, the method is suitable for batch production, the production cost is low, and the popularization and application difficulty is low; the two functional components are granulated, so that the fertilizer is suitable for 'sowing seeds and fertilizers at the same time', and is convenient to apply and popularize; the salt inhibitor provided by the invention simulates the soil self-improvement process, and is suitable for economic crops, forest trees, field crops such as wheat and corn, so that the salt inhibitor is suitable for crops and has a wider area range.
In summary, the invention has the advantages that the cultivation of the good soil aggregate structure and the formation of the soil adhesive film salt isolation layer are simultaneously realized, the lasting effect and the high efficiency are synchronous, the salt reduction effect is more obvious, and the soil salt content is more favorably maintained at a lower level; the desalination and the salt resistance are coordinated, the formation of a leaching and depositing layer which is provided with a soil adhesive film and has a water resistance function in the nature is simulated, the self-improvement and restoration of the soil are realized, and the growth of crops and the improvement of the soil structure are facilitated; the used raw materials are safe and environment-friendly, do not need to be recycled, and are easy to obtain; the preparation is simple, the cost is low, and the method is suitable for rapid mass production; can 'broadcast seed manure simultaneously', simplifies the improvement operation and has wide market prospect.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described in conjunction with the following examples, which are included to explain and illustrate the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
The raw materials used in the examples are illustrated below:
soybean oil residue available from jining yuntian feeds limited;
wormcast, Zhengding Kangfei Biotech limited company;
silkworm excrement, the agricultural and sideline products purchased in Nanning market are sold by Ministry of nutrition;
polyvinyl alcohol (1799), available from Anhui Uygur, Inc.;
calcium lignosulfonate, available from chemical ltd, denham;
weathered coal humic acid, lignite humic acid, available from Jinan Yunze chemical Limited;
calcium bentonite, available from processing plants for Yaoya mineral products in Lingshou county;
calcium sulfate dihydrate, available from the manufacturer of Yaozhou mineral products in Lingshou county;
manganese sulfate monohydrate, commercially available from ZiBo Guanyu chemical Co., Ltd;
ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, available from Jinan Xinwang chemical Co., Ltd;
ferrous ammonium sulfate, available from Zhongping county Runzai chemical Co., Ltd;
ferrous ammonium citrate, available from food ingredient Limited of Longtaiwei, Hongyong;
microcrystalline kaolin powder, available from the manufacturer of Yaozhou mineral products in Lingshu county;
chlorite powder, available from the processing plants of Shengheng mineral products in Lingshu county;
dolomite powder, available from Lingshou county Henchang mineral processing factories;
fulvic acid powder, crude amino acid powder and molasses powder, which are sold by Jinan Hongbo chemical industry limited company.
Hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, commercially available from Hebei Chemicals, Inc.
Example 1:
a preparation method of a coastal saline soil improvement salt-resistant agent for simulating soil self-improvement and restoration comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a soil structure improvement component:
in a temperature-controlled reaction kettle, firstly, 3 parts by weight of polyvinyl alcohol is hot-dissolved in hot water at 90 ℃ according to the ratio of 1:10, after the mixture is cooled to room temperature, 5 parts by weight of wormcast, 3 parts by weight of silkworm excrement and 5 parts by weight of calcium lignosulfonate are sequentially added, finally, 4 parts by weight of soybean oil residue are added, shearing stirring is carried out at the rotation speed of 800r/min, when the mixture is stirred into paste, the stirring is stopped after the stirring is carried out for 15min, and the paste is used as a liquid component in the soil structure improvement component for later use. 55 parts by weight of humic acid, 15 parts by weight of bentonite and 10 parts by weight of calcium sulfate dihydrate are uniformly mixed in a ribbon blender and then used as solid components in the soil structure improvement component for later use. Spraying a liquid component onto a solid component in a disc granulator by pressurizing, adjusting the rotating speed of the disc granulator to 13r/min, spraying the liquid component and reinforcing the solid component, performing rolling granulation, drying at 160 ℃ for 35min, cooling at room temperature, sieving by a 4mm and 2mm sieve, and selecting particles with the particle size of 2-4 mm as finished products for later use.
(2) Preparing a soil adhesive film interlayer component:
adding 6 parts by weight of molasses powder, 5 parts by weight of fulvic acid powder, 2 parts by weight of hydroxypropyl cellulose and 2 parts by weight of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose into a stainless steel container filled with tap water at 50 ℃ according to the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:3, shearing and emulsifying for 15min in a shearing, dispersing and emulsifying machine at the rotating speed of 1500r/min, transferring into a dispersing and stirring machine, adding 5 parts by weight of manganese sulfate monohydrate and 15 parts by weight of ammonium ferrous sulfate into a dispersion mixer, stirring at a rotating speed of 50r/min while adding, adding 50 parts by weight of microcrystalline kaolin and 15 parts by weight of chlorite powder after 15min, stirring at the same rotation speed, stirring for 15min when forming uniform dough, and then pressing the mixture into a long strip with the width of 3mm by a disc type mould press, cutting the long strip into small sections with the length of 3mm, grinding the small sections into round particles, and drying the round particles at a low temperature of 60 ℃ to obtain the soil adhesive film interlayer component with the water content of less than or equal to 8%.
(3) Preparation of coastal saline soil improvement salt inhibitor for simulating soil self-improvement and restoration
And (3) uniformly mixing 80 parts by weight of soil structure improvement component and 20 parts by weight of soil adhesive film interlayer component in a ribbon mixer, and then mixing for 5 minutes to obtain the soil structure improvement composite.
The application of the coastal saline soil improvement salt inhibitor for simulating soil self-improvement and restoration prepared in the embodiment 1 is suitable for improving high-water-level high-salinity coastal saline soil.
Example 2:
a preparation method of a coastal saline soil improvement salt-resistant agent for simulating soil self-improvement and restoration comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a soil structure improvement component:
in a temperature-controlled reaction kettle, firstly, 3 parts by weight of polyvinyl alcohol is hot-dissolved in hot water at 90 ℃ according to the ratio of 1:10, after the mixture is cooled to room temperature, 5 parts by weight of wormcast, 1 part by weight of silkworm excrement and 3 parts by weight of calcium lignosulfonate are sequentially added, finally, 3 parts by weight of soybean oil residue are added, shearing stirring is carried out at the rotation speed of 700r/min, when the mixture is stirred into paste, the stirring is stopped after the mixture is sheared and stirred for 15min, and the paste is used as a liquid component in the soil structure improvement component for later use. And (3) uniformly mixing 60 parts by weight of humic acid, 10 parts by weight of bentonite and 15 parts by weight of calcium sulfate dihydrate in a ribbon mixer, and taking the mixture as a solid component in the soil structure improvement component for later use. Spraying the liquid component onto the solid component in a rotary drum granulator under pressure, adjusting the rotating speed of the rotary drum granulator to 16r/min, spraying the liquid component while adding the solid component, performing rolling granulation, drying at 180 ℃ for 30min, cooling at room temperature, sieving with a 4mm and 2mm sieve, and selecting particles with the particle size of 2-4 mm as finished products for later use.
(2) Preparing a soil adhesive film interlayer component:
adding 8 parts by weight of molasses powder, 3 parts by weight of fulvic acid powder, 1 part by weight of hydroxypropyl cellulose and 3 parts by weight of hydroxyethyl cellulose into a stainless steel container filled with tap water at 45 ℃ according to a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:4, shearing and emulsifying for 12min in a shearing and dispersing emulsifying machine at a rotating speed of 1400r/min, transferring into a dispersing and stirring machine, adding 5 parts by weight of manganese sulfate monohydrate, 9 parts by weight of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate and 2 parts by weight of ammonium ferrous citrate, stirring at a rotating speed of 45r/min while adding, adding 50 parts by weight of microcrystalline kaolin, 15 parts by weight of chlorite powder and 5 parts by weight of dolomite powder after 15min, stirring at the same rotating speed while adding to form a uniform dough, stirring for 12min, pressing into a strip with a width of 3mm by a disc type die press, forming a small section with a length of 3mm, rounding to form round particles, drying at low temperature of 80 ℃ to obtain the soil adhesive film interlayer component with the water content less than or equal to 5 percent.
(3) Preparation of coastal saline soil improvement salt inhibitor for simulating soil self-improvement and restoration
And (3) uniformly mixing 85 parts by weight of soil structure improvement component and 15 parts by weight of soil adhesive film interlayer component in a ribbon mixer, and then mixing for 5 minutes to obtain the soil structure improvement composite.
The application of the coastal saline soil improvement salt inhibitor for simulating soil self-improvement and restoration prepared in the embodiment 2 is suitable for improving coastal saline soil with low water level and high salinity.
Example 3:
a preparation method of a coastal saline soil improvement salt-resistant agent for simulating soil self-improvement and restoration comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a soil structure improvement component:
in a temperature-controlled reaction kettle, firstly, 2 parts by weight of polyvinyl alcohol is hot-dissolved in hot water at 80 ℃ according to the ratio of 1:10, after the mixture is cooled to room temperature, 3 parts by weight of wormcast, 2 parts by weight of silkworm excrement and 3 parts by weight of calcium lignosulfonate are sequentially added, finally, 3 parts by weight of soybean oil residue are added, the mixture is sheared and stirred at the rotating speed of 600r/min, when the mixture is stirred into paste, the stirring is stopped after the mixture is sheared and stirred for 15min, and the paste is used as a liquid component in the soil structure improvement component for later use. And (3) uniformly mixing 60 parts by weight of humic acid, 17 parts by weight of bentonite and 10 parts by weight of calcium sulfate dihydrate in a ribbon mixer, and taking the mixture as a solid component in the soil structure improvement component for later use. Spraying a liquid component onto a solid component in a disc granulator by pressurizing, adjusting the rotating speed of the disc granulator to 13r/min, spraying the liquid component and reinforcing the solid component, performing rolling granulation, drying at 170 ℃ for 35min, cooling at room temperature, sieving by a 4mm and 2mm sieve, and selecting particles with the particle size of 2-4 mm as finished products for later use.
(2) Preparing a soil adhesive film interlayer component:
adding 6 parts by weight of crude amino acid powder, 6 parts by weight of fulvic acid powder and 3 parts by weight of hydroxypropyl cellulose into a stainless steel container filled with tap water at 40 ℃ according to the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:4, shearing and emulsifying for 10min in a shearing, dispersing and emulsifying machine at the rotating speed of 1200r/min, transferring into a dispersing and stirring machine, adding 3 parts by weight of manganese sulfate monohydrate, 12 parts by weight of ferrous ammonium sulfate and 5 parts by weight of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate into a dispersion mixer, stirring at a rotating speed of 50r/min while adding, adding 40 parts by weight of microcrystalline kaolin and 25 parts by weight of chlorite powder after 15min, stirring at the same rotation speed, stirring for 10min when the dough is uniform, and then pressing the mixture into a long strip with the width of 3mm by a disc type mould press, cutting the long strip into small sections with the length of 3mm, grinding the small sections into round particles, and drying the round particles at a low temperature of 70 ℃ to obtain the soil adhesive film interlayer component with the water content of less than or equal to 8%.
(3) Preparation of coastal saline soil improvement salt inhibitor for simulating soil self-improvement and restoration
And (3) uniformly mixing 82 parts by weight of soil structure improvement component and 18 parts by weight of soil adhesive film interlayer component in a ribbon mixer, and then mixing for 5 minutes to obtain the soil structure improvement composite.
The application of the coastal saline soil improvement salt inhibitor for simulating soil self-improvement and restoration prepared in the embodiment 3 is suitable for improving high-salinity coastal saline soil in high water level.
Example 4:
a preparation method of a coastal saline soil improvement salt-resistant agent for simulating soil self-improvement and restoration comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a soil structure improvement component:
in a temperature-controlled reaction kettle, firstly, 2 parts by weight of polyvinyl alcohol is hot-dissolved in hot water at 80 ℃ according to the ratio of 1:10, after the mixture is cooled to room temperature, 4 parts by weight of wormcast, 2 parts by weight of silkworm excrement and 4 parts by weight of calcium lignosulfonate are sequentially added, finally, 3 parts by weight of soybean oil residue are added, shearing stirring is carried out at the rotation speed of 800r/min, when the mixture is stirred into paste, the stirring is stopped after the mixture is sheared and stirred for 15min, and the paste is used as a liquid component in the soil structure improvement component for later use. And (3) uniformly mixing 50 parts by weight of humic acid, 10 parts by weight of bentonite and 25 parts by weight of calcium sulfate dihydrate in a ribbon mixer, and taking the mixture as a solid component in the soil structure improvement component for later use. Spraying the liquid component onto the solid component in a rotary drum granulator under pressure, adjusting the rotating speed of the rotary drum granulator to 16r/min, spraying the liquid component while adding the solid component, performing rolling granulation, drying at 160 ℃ for 35min, cooling at room temperature, sieving with a 4mm and 2mm sieve, and selecting particles with the particle size of 2-4 mm as finished products for later use.
(2) Preparing a soil adhesive film interlayer component:
adding 8 parts by weight of crude amino acid powder, 5 parts by weight of fulvic acid powder, 1 part by weight of hydroxypropyl cellulose and 1 part by weight of hydroxyethyl cellulose into a stainless steel container filled with tap water at 45 ℃, shearing and emulsifying for 10min at the rotating speed of 1200r/min in a shearing and dispersing emulsifying machine, transferring into a dispersing and stirring machine, adding 3 parts by weight of manganese sulfate monohydrate, 6 parts by weight of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, 1 part by weight of ferrous ammonium citrate and 5 parts by weight of ferrous ammonium sulfate, stirring at the rotating speed of 40r/min while adding, after 15min, adding 40 parts by weight of microcrystalline kaolin, 11 parts by weight of chlorite powder and 18 parts by weight of dolomite powder, stirring while adding at the same rotating speed, when the uniform dough is formed, stirring for 15min, pressing into a long strip with the width of 3mm by a disc type mould press, and shearing into a small section with the length of 3mm, grinding the small section into round particles, and drying at low temperature of 75 ℃ to obtain the soil adhesive film interlayer component with the water content of less than or equal to 5%.
(3) Preparation of coastal saline soil improvement salt inhibitor for simulating soil self-improvement and restoration
And uniformly mixing 88 parts by weight of soil structure improvement component and 12 parts by weight of soil adhesive film interlayer component in a ribbon mixer, and then mixing for 5 minutes to obtain the soil structure improvement composite.
The application of the coastal saline soil improvement salt inhibitor for simulating soil self-improvement and restoration prepared in the embodiment 4 is suitable for improving the whole plough layer of the coastal saline soil with high salinity in a low water level.
The application effect is as follows:
application example 1
The coastal saline soil improvement salt inhibitor prepared in the examples 2 and 4 for simulating soil self-improvement and restoration is applied to a low-water-level medium and severe salinization coastal saline soil improvement test of a yellow river estuary town in a reclamation area of Shandong province, Dongying city, and a tested crop is winter wheat; the application amount is 100 kg/mu, and the application is not carried out in the whole winter wheat growing season. Sowing and fertilizing for 10, 12 and 2018, wherein the amount of the three-element compound fertilizer is 16-16-16, and 15 kg of urea is additionally applied per mu for 3, 20 and 2019. In contrast, the salt inhibitor of the present invention was not applied.
Before sowing winter wheat:
the salt and nutrient content conditions of the plough layer soil are as follows: the soil on the surface layer (0-20 cm) has the soluble salt content of 0.54 percent, belongs to heavy saline soil (the salt content is more than or equal to 0.40 percent), the diving depth in spring is 2.7-3.0 m, belongs to low water level (the depth is more than 2.5m), the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content is 48.6mg/Kg, the effective phosphorus content is 13.3mg/Kg, and the effective potassium content is 124.3 mg/Kg.
After harvesting winter wheat:
(1) improving effect on soil salinity and pH value
The content of soluble salt in the surface layer (0-20 cm) soil is reduced by 43.1-52.7%, the content of the soluble salt in the heavily saline soil is reduced to moderately saline soil, and specific indexes are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 salt content change in surface soil after harvesting of winter wheat
| Soil index | Example 2 | Example 4 |
| Soluble salt content (%) | 0.255 | 0.307 |
| Decrease in soluble salt content (%) | 52.7 | 43.1 |
(2) Influence on growth and yield of winter wheat
Compared with the contrast, the wheat field applying the special salt inhibitor has the advantages that the emergence rate is improved by 28.2-34.6%, the ear number per mu is increased by 38.1-42.5%, and the yield per mu of winter wheat is improved by 41.6-47.1%. The specific indexes are shown in Table 2:
TABLE 2 winter wheat growth and yield conditions
(3) Durability of salt-retarding agent
The salt inhibitor is not applied to the coastal saline soil improved by the salt inhibitor, the content of soluble salt in the surface soil (0-20 cm) of the coastal saline soil is measured after 6 months, and the test results are shown in the following table 3:
TABLE 3 salt Change in soil on surface of coastal saline soil after 6 months of improvement of salt inhibitor
| Soil index | Example 2 | Example 4 |
| Soluble salt content (%) | 0.251 | 0.305 |
As can be seen from the table 3, for the low-water-level medium and heavy salinized coastal saline soil, the content of the soluble salt in the improved coastal saline soil is basically unchanged after 6 months even if the salt inhibitor is not applied, which indicates that the salt inhibitor has long service life.
Application example 2
The coastal saline soil improvement salt inhibitor prepared in the embodiment 2 and 4 for simulating soil self-improvement and restoration is applied to a high-water-level medium and heavy salinization coastal saline soil improvement test of Rizhu, Rijin county, Shandong province Ying City, the tested crop is winter wheat, the salt inhibitor is applied in a mode that the surface is spread before sowing and fertilizing, and then the flat deep ploughing is carried out, and the ploughing depth is 20 cm; the application amount is 100 kg/mu, and the application is not carried out in the whole winter wheat growing season. Sowing and fertilizing for 10 months and 10 days in 2018, wherein the amount of the ternary compound fertilizer for the seed manure is 16-16-16 kg, and 15 kg of urea is additionally applied to each mu in 18 days in 3 months and 18 days in 2019. In contrast, the salt inhibitor of the present invention was not applied.
Before sowing winter wheat:
the salt and nutrient content conditions of the plough layer soil are as follows: the soil on the surface layer (0-20 cm) has the soluble salt content of 0.62 percent, belongs to heavy saline soil (the salt content is more than or equal to 0.40 percent), has the diving depth of 1.5-2.0 m in spring, belongs to high water level (the depth of burial is less than 2.5m), has the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content of 43.2mg/Kg, has the effective phosphorus content of 10.1mg/Kg and has the effective potassium content of 118.6 mg/Kg.
After harvesting winter wheat:
(1) improving effect on soil salinity and pH value
The content of soluble salt in the surface layer (0-20 cm) soil is reduced by 48.6-54.1%, the content of the soluble salt in the severely saline soil is reduced to the moderately saline soil, and the specific indexes are shown in table 4:
TABLE 4 salt content and pH changes in the surface soil after harvesting of winter wheat
| Soil index | Example 2 | Example 4 |
| Soluble salt content (%) | 0.278 | 0.285 |
| Decrease in soluble salt content (%) | 54.1 | 48.6 |
(2) Influence on growth and yield of winter wheat
Compared with the contrast, the wheat field applying the special salt inhibitor of the invention has the advantages that the emergence rate is improved by 35.7-42.3%, the ear number per mu is increased by 40.2-45.5%, and the yield per mu of winter wheat is improved by 46.1-51.8%. Specific indexes are shown in Table 5:
TABLE 5 winter wheat growth and yield conditions
| Soil index | Example 2 | Example 4 |
| Emergence rate increase (%) | 42.3 | 35.7 |
| Increase in ear per mu (%) | 45.5 | 40.2 |
| Mu yield increase (%) | 51.8 | 46.1 |
(3) Durability of salt-retarding agent
The salt inhibitor is not applied to the coastal saline soil improved by the salt inhibitor, the content of soluble salt in the surface soil (0-20 cm) of the coastal saline soil is measured after 6 months, and the test results are shown in the following table 6:
TABLE 6 salt Change in soil on surface of coastal saline soil after 6 months of improvement with salt inhibitor
| Soil index | Example 2 | Example 4 |
| Soluble salt content (%) | 0.270 | 0.286 |
As can be seen from the table 6, for the coastal saline soil with high water level, moderate and severe salinization, the content of the soluble salt in the soil is basically unchanged after 6 months even the improved coastal saline soil is not applied with the salt inhibitor, which indicates that the salt inhibitor has long-term property.
The above embodiments are only exemplary, so as to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present disclosure, and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention, but as merely providing the modifications to the technical solution of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A coastal saline soil improvement salt-resistant agent for simulating soil self-improvement and restoration comprises two functional components of a soil structure improvement component and a soil adhesive film interlayer component, wherein the weight ratio of the soil structure improvement component to the soil adhesive film interlayer component is as follows: (80-90): (10-20).
2. The coastal saline soil improvement salt inhibitor for simulating soil self-improvement and restoration according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the soil structure improvement component comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
3. the coastal saline soil improvement salt-resistant agent for simulating soil self-improvement and restoration according to claim 2, wherein the soybean oil residue is residue obtained by extracting soybean oil from soybeans and then precipitating the soybean oil; the humic acid is weathered coal or lignite, the humic acid is powder with the fineness of more than or equal to 200 meshes, the content of soluble humic acid is more than or equal to 1 percent, and the water content is less than or equal to 15 percent; the polyvinyl alcohol is polyvinyl alcohol with medium and low polymerization degree, the further preferable polymerization degree is 1700-1800, the bentonite and the calcium sulfate dihydrate are powdery, and the further preferable fineness of the bentonite and the calcium sulfate dihydrate is more than or equal to 200 meshes.
4. The coastal saline soil improvement salt-resistant agent for simulating soil self-improvement and restoration according to claim 1, wherein the soil structure improvement component is prepared by the following method:
dissolving polyvinyl alcohol in hot water at the temperature of 80-90 ℃ according to the weight ratio of 1:10, cooling to room temperature, sequentially adding wormcast, silkworm excrement and calcium lignosulfonate, finally adding soybean oil residue, shearing and stirring at the rotation speed of 500-800 r/min, shearing and stirring for 15min when stirring to form paste, and stopping stirring to obtain a liquid component in the soil structure improvement component; uniformly mixing humic acid, bentonite and calcium sulfate dihydrate in proportion to obtain a solid component, spraying a liquid component onto the solid component by pressurizing, and carrying out rolling granulation and drying at 150-180 ℃ for 25-35 min to obtain the soil structure improvement component.
5. The coastal saline soil improvement salt inhibitor for simulating soil self-improvement and restoration according to claim 1, wherein the soil adhesive film salt-isolating component comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
14-20 parts of soil adhesive film forming material
65-76 parts of soil salt interlayer material
10-15 parts of a cementing dispersion material.
6. The coastal saline soil improvement salt inhibitor for simulating soil self-improvement restoration according to claim 5, wherein the soil adhesive film forming material is one or more of manganese sulfate monohydrate, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, ferrous ammonium sulfate and ferrous ammonium citrate in any combination; the fineness of the soil adhesive film forming material is more than or equal to 80 meshes.
7. The coastal saline soil improvement salt-resistant agent for simulating soil self-improvement restoration according to claim 1, wherein the soil salt interlayer material is one or more of microcrystalline kaolin powder, chlorite powder and dolomite powder in any combination, and the fineness of the soil salt interlayer material is more than or equal to 200 meshes.
8. The coastal saline soil improvement salt inhibitor for simulating soil self-improvement and restoration according to claim 1, wherein the cementing and dispersing material is one or more of fulvic acid powder, crude amino acid powder, molasses powder, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose and hydroxyethyl cellulose in any combination.
9. The coastal saline soil improvement salt-resistant agent for simulating soil self-improvement and restoration according to claim 1, wherein the soil adhesive film salt-separating component is prepared by the following method:
adding the cementing dispersion material into water at 30-50 ℃ according to a solid-liquid ratio of 1: 3-5, shearing and emulsifying at a rotating speed of 1000-1500 r/min for 10-15 min, adding the soil adhesive film forming material while stirring at a rotating speed of 40-50 r/min, after 10-15 min, adding the soil salt separating material while stirring at the same rotating speed, stirring for 10-15 min, pressing into long strips, cutting into small segments, grinding the small segments into round particles, and drying at low temperature to obtain the soil adhesive film salt separating component.
10. The application of the coastal saline soil improvement salt inhibitor for simulating soil self-improvement and restoration is used for improving high-water-level and high-salinity coastal saline soil, the application amount is 80-150 kg/mu, and the application depth is 8-25 cm;
preferably, the application amount of the heavy saline soil with the soluble salt content of more than or equal to 0.4 percent is 100 kg/mu to 150 kg/mu, and the application amount of the medium-low saline soil with the soluble salt content of less than 0.4 percent is 80 kg/mu to 100 kg/mu.
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| CN115093292A (en) * | 2022-08-24 | 2022-09-23 | 北京市农林科学院 | Saline-alkali soil modifier and application thereof |
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| CN113409669A (en) * | 2021-05-27 | 2021-09-17 | 山东师范大学 | Teaching demonstration device for landslide |
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| CN115093292A (en) * | 2022-08-24 | 2022-09-23 | 北京市农林科学院 | Saline-alkali soil modifier and application thereof |
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