CN110922094B - Cemented sand gravel admixture and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Cemented sand gravel admixture and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110922094B CN110922094B CN201911343488.7A CN201911343488A CN110922094B CN 110922094 B CN110922094 B CN 110922094B CN 201911343488 A CN201911343488 A CN 201911343488A CN 110922094 B CN110922094 B CN 110922094B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B26/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing only organic binders, e.g. polymer or resin concrete
- C04B26/02—Macromolecular compounds
- C04B26/04—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00017—Aspects relating to the protection of the environment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/20—Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
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- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a cemented sand gravel admixture and a preparation method thereof. The admixture comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10-15 parts of alkyl sodium sulfonate, 20-30 parts of clay ceramsite, 30-50 parts of modified fly ash, 10-15 parts of modified nano rubber powder, 5-10 parts of expanded graphite and 10-15 parts of sodium lignosulfonate. The additive prepared by the invention can effectively improve the frost resistance of cemented sand gravel.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of cemented sand gravel admixtures, and particularly relates to a cemented sand gravel admixture and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The cemented dam is a new dam model developed based on a new dam construction concept of 'suitable material and suitable construction and suitable material', is arranged between an earth and rock dam and a concrete dam, comprises a cemented sand and gravel dam (a cemented sand and gravel dam), a cemented artificial sand and rock dam, a cemented rock-fill dam, a cemented soil dam and the like, has low requirement on dam construction materials, can fully excavate natural sand, gravel, stone and engineering materials, is cemented by adding a small amount of cement, an additive and fly ash, and is formed into the dam construction materials by rough screening and rough mixing. Because zero material abandonment or little material abandonment is realized in the damming process, the environment protection is facilitated, the cement consumption is less, the adiabatic temperature rise is facilitated, the temperature control is facilitated, and the construction is quicker, so that the cemented dam is widely applied, and particularly, the cemented dam is also slowly applied in alpine regions in China. Generally, the cement content of aggregate in cemented sand gravel is about 5%, so that the problems that the existing admixture is low in efficiency, cannot fully exert the function and the like in the use process of a cemented dam, a water reducing agent cannot play a water reducing effect, an air entraining agent cannot exert the effect, the cemented sand gravel is poor in workability and the like exist. In order to improve the engineering durability of the cemented sand gravel in alpine regions, the workability and the freezing resistance of the cemented sand gravel are urgently needed to be improved, and the development of a special additive suitable for the cemented sand gravel is particularly important.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a cemented sand gravel admixture and a preparation method thereof, which can effectively solve the problem of poor freezing resistance of the existing admixture.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
the cemented sand gravel admixture comprises the following components in parts by weight:
10-15 parts of alkyl sodium sulfonate, 20-30 parts of clay ceramsite, 30-50 parts of modified fly ash, 10-15 parts of modified nano rubber powder, 5-10 parts of expanded graphite and 10-15 parts of sodium lignosulfonate.
Further, the paint comprises the following components in parts by weight:
10 parts of alkyl sodium sulfonate, 30 parts of clay ceramsite, 40 parts of modified fly ash, 15 parts of modified nano rubber powder, 5 parts of expanded graphite and 10 parts of sodium lignosulfonate.
Further, the preparation method of the modified fly ash comprises the following steps:
soaking the fly ash in an ethanol solution for 2-5 h, taking out, mixing the fly ash with bentonite, dissolving, reacting at 100-150 ℃ for 5-8 h, filtering and drying; wherein the addition amount of the bentonite is 5-10% of the weight of the fly ash.
Further, the reaction temperature was 110 ℃ and the reaction time was 5 hours.
Further, the addition amount of bentonite is 6% of the weight of the fly ash.
Further, the preparation method of the modified nano rubber powder comprises the following steps:
placing waste rubber powder into a sodium hydroxide solution, soaking for 18-20 h, taking out, washing to be neutral, placing into absolute ethyl alcohol, soaking for 1-1.5 h, adding vinyltriethoxysilane, acetic anhydride and an initiator, stirring at 70-75 ℃ for reaction for 2-3 h, filtering, adding acetone for precipitation separation, washing with clear water, drying and crushing; wherein the weight ratio of the waste rubber powder, the vinyltriethoxysilane, the acetic anhydride and the initiator is 20-30: 1-1.5: 4-5: 0.1-0.2.
Further, the weight ratio of the waste rubber powder to the vinyltriethoxysilane to the acetic anhydride to the initiator is 20:1:5: 0.2.
Further, the initiator is benzoyl peroxide or ammonium persulfate.
Further, the clay ceramsite is clay ceramsite in a water-saturated state.
The preparation method of the cemented sand and gravel admixture comprises the following steps:
(1) adding clay ceramsite into sodium alkylsulfonate according to a formula, continuously stirring and mixing for 2-5 h, then stirring and mixing with the modified fly ash in a vacuum environment for 20-30 h, cooling, and spraying water to wet the surface of the modified fly ash;
(2) and (2) mixing the molten modified nano rubber powder with expanded graphite and sodium lignin sulfonate, adding the product obtained in the step (1) into the mixture, stirring and mixing for 2-5 h, taking out the mixture, and curing the mixture for 7-10 days at the temperature of 20-25 ℃ and in an environment with the relative humidity of more than 95%.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. when the fly ash is modified, firstly, the fly ash is soaked in an ethanol solution, so that unburned or incompletely burned carbon powder in the fly ash can be further removed, then, the fly ash is treated by bentonite, the bentonite mainly contains montmorillonite, the montmorillonite is alkaline when being dispersed in an aqueous solution, and the montmorillonite can corrode an aluminosilicate glass body on the surface of the fly ash under an alkaline condition, so that more pores are formed in the aluminosilicate glass body, and an air entraining agent can smoothly enter the aluminosilicate glass body; unstable substances on the surface of the fly ash can be removed, and the stability of the fly ash as a carrier is ensured; in addition, the bentonite has a multi-layer net structure, can also be used as a storage carrier of the sodium alkylsulfonate and is matched with the modified fly ash, so that the accommodation rate of the air entraining agent is further improved, and the limitation of the traditional air entraining agent is improved.
2. Modified nanometer rubber powder, expanded graphite and sodium lignosulfonate are used to this application and are sealed thick liquid to fly ash, as powdered object, can also effectually avoid during the sodium alkylsulfonate in the fly ash leaks the cementation sand gravel, and simultaneously, expanded graphite has good heat transfer performance, can guarantee that the heat-conduction efficiency between air entraining agent and the cementation sand gravel is very fast.
3. The waste rubber powder is modified by selecting the sodium hydroxide, the vinyltriethoxysilane and the acetic anhydride as the modifiers, so that the obtained modified nano rubber powder is stable in performance, rough in surface, enhanced in hydrophilicity and adhesiveness with silicate cement, easy to carry air and good in air entraining effect, a large amount of bubbles can exist in gaps of the fly ash, the frost resistance of the cemented sand gravel can be effectively improved, the modified nano rubber powder is matched with an additive to improve the frost resistance of the cemented sand gravel together, and when the modified nano rubber powder is added into the cemented sand gravel, the modified nano rubber powder is good in air entraining effect, the using amount of the air entraining agent can be regulated, and even the air entraining agent does not need to be additionally added into the cemented sand gravel.
4. According to the method, firstly, clay ceramsite in a water-saturated state is used as a primary carrier of alkyl sodium sulfonate, so that the overall heat conductivity coefficient of the alkyl sodium sulfonate can be effectively improved, and then, the fly ash is used as a carrier of the clay ceramsite carrying the alkyl sodium sulfonate, so that the fly ash can contain the alkyl sodium sulfonate as much as possible, and the frost resistance of the fly ash is improved.
5. The method takes the sodium alkyl sulfonate as an air entraining agent, the sodium lignosulfonate as a water reducing agent and the clay ceramsite as a porous medium, can adsorb the additive, plays a role in protecting the additive and prevents the additive from being absorbed by soil in cemented sand gravel; the modified fly ash is used as a carrier of the modified fly ash, so that wastes can be utilized, resources are saved, and meanwhile, when the additive prepared by the method is added into cemented sand gravel, the additive is used as an auxiliary protection additive of the cemented sand gravel, so that air entraining agents such as low-temperature environmental change, vibration damage and the like in the construction process of the cemented sand gravel are prevented from being released, the release time of the cemented sand gravel is prolonged, and the frost resistance of the cemented sand gravel is improved.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided to facilitate the understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art, but it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined and defined in the appended claims, and all matters produced by the invention using the inventive concept are protected.
Example 1
The cemented sand gravel admixture comprises the following components in parts by weight:
10 parts of alkyl sodium sulfonate, 30 parts of clay ceramsite in a water-saturated state, 40 parts of modified fly ash, 15 parts of modified nano rubber powder, 5 parts of expanded graphite and 10 parts of sodium lignosulfonate.
The preparation method of the modified fly ash comprises the following steps:
soaking the fly ash in an ethanol solution for 2h, taking out, mixing the fly ash with bentonite, dissolving, reacting at 110 ℃ for 5h, filtering and drying; wherein the addition amount of the bentonite is 6 percent of the weight of the fly ash.
The preparation method of the modified nano rubber powder comprises the following steps:
soaking waste rubber powder in sodium hydroxide solution for 18h, washing to neutrality, soaking in anhydrous ethanol for 1h, adding vinyltriethoxysilane, acetic anhydride and benzoyl peroxide, stirring at 70 deg.C for reaction for 3h, filtering, adding acetone for precipitation separation, washing with clear water, drying, and pulverizing; wherein the weight ratio of the waste rubber powder to the vinyltriethoxysilane to the acetic anhydride to the initiator is 20:1:5: 0.2.
The preparation method of the additive comprises the following steps:
(1) adding clay ceramsite in a saturated water state into sodium alkylsulfonate according to the formula, continuously stirring and mixing for 3 hours, then stirring and mixing with modified fly ash in a vacuum environment for 20 hours, and spraying water to wet the surface of the modified fly ash;
(2) and (2) mixing the molten modified rubber powder with expanded graphite and sodium lignosulphonate, adding the product obtained in the step (1) into the mixture, stirring and mixing for 2 hours, taking out the mixture, and curing the mixture for 7 days at the temperature of 22 ℃ in an environment with the relative humidity of more than 95%.
Example 2
The cemented sand gravel admixture comprises the following components in parts by weight:
10 parts of alkyl sodium sulfonate, 30 parts of clay ceramsite in a water-saturated state, 50 parts of modified fly ash, 15 parts of modified nano rubber powder, 10 parts of expanded graphite and 10 parts of sodium lignosulfonate.
The preparation method of the modified fly ash comprises the following steps:
soaking the fly ash in an ethanol solution for 5h, taking out, mixing the fly ash with bentonite, dissolving, reacting at 100 ℃ for 5h, filtering and drying; wherein the addition amount of the bentonite is 10 percent of the weight of the fly ash.
The preparation method of the modified nano rubber powder comprises the following steps:
soaking waste rubber powder in sodium hydroxide solution for 20h, washing to neutrality, soaking in anhydrous ethanol for 1.5h, adding vinyltriethoxysilane, acetic anhydride and ammonium persulfate, stirring at 70 deg.C for reaction for 3h, filtering, adding acetone for precipitation separation, washing with clear water, drying and pulverizing; wherein the weight ratio of the waste rubber powder to the vinyl triethoxysilane to the acetic anhydride to the initiator is 20:1.5:5: 0.1.
The preparation method of the additive comprises the following steps:
(1) adding the clay ceramsite into the sodium alkylsulfonate according to the formula, continuously stirring and mixing for 2h, then stirring and mixing with the modified fly ash in a vacuum environment for 30h, and spraying water to wet the surface of the modified fly ash;
(2) and (2) mixing the molten modified rubber powder with expanded graphite and sodium lignin sulfonate, adding the product obtained in the step (1) into the mixture, stirring and mixing for 5 hours, taking out the mixture, and curing the mixture for 10 days at the temperature of 25 ℃ in an environment with the relative humidity of more than 95%.
Example 3
The cemented sand gravel admixture comprises the following components in parts by weight:
10 parts of alkyl sodium sulfonate, 25 parts of clay ceramsite in a water-saturated state, 40 parts of modified fly ash, 13 parts of modified nano rubber powder, 6 parts of expanded graphite and 13 parts of sodium lignosulfonate.
The preparation method of the modified fly ash comprises the following steps:
soaking the fly ash in an ethanol solution for 5h, taking out, mixing the fly ash with bentonite, dissolving, reacting at 150 ℃ for 8h, filtering and drying; wherein the addition amount of the bentonite is 5 percent of the weight of the fly ash.
The preparation method of the modified nano rubber powder comprises the following steps:
soaking waste rubber powder in sodium hydroxide solution for 20h, washing to neutrality, soaking in anhydrous ethanol for 1h, adding vinyltriethoxysilane, acetic anhydride and benzoyl peroxide, stirring at 70 deg.C for reaction for 3h, filtering, adding acetone for precipitation separation, washing with clear water, drying, and pulverizing; wherein the weight ratio of the waste rubber powder, the vinyltriethoxysilane, the acetic anhydride and the initiator is 30:1.5:5: 0.2.
The preparation method of the additive comprises the following steps:
(1) adding the clay ceramsite in a saturated water state into the sodium alkylsulfonate according to the formula, continuously stirring and mixing for 5 hours, then stirring and mixing with the modified fly ash in a vacuum environment for 30 hours, and spraying water to wet the surface of the modified fly ash;
(2) and (2) mixing the molten modified nano rubber powder with expanded graphite and sodium lignin sulfonate, adding the product obtained in the step (1) into the mixture, stirring and mixing for 5 hours, taking out the mixture, and curing the mixture for 10 days at the temperature of 25 ℃ in an environment with the relative humidity of more than 95%.
Comparative example 1
The remaining procedure is the same as in example 1, except that sodium alkyl sulfonate is absent as compared to example 1.
Comparative example 2
The process is the same as example 1 except that sodium alkyl sulfonate and clay ceramsite are absent from example 1.
Comparative example 3
Compared with the example 1, the method lacks sodium alkyl sulfonate, modified nano rubber powder and expanded graphite, and the rest processes are the same as the example 1.
Examples of the experiments
The additives prepared in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 3 were added to the cemented sand and gravel in a proportion of 0.5% by weight of the cemented sand and gravel, and the cemented sand and gravel without any additive was used as a blank control, and the anti-freeze performance of the cemented sand and gravel with and without the additive was tested according to the GB/T50082-2009 standard, and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 examination result of anti-freezing property of cemented sand and gravel
As can be seen from the data in Table 1, the performance of the cemented sand gravel added with the admixtures prepared in examples 1-3 is obviously superior to that of comparative examples 1-3 and a blank control group, while the performance difference between the cemented sand gravel added with the admixtures prepared in examples 1-3 is not large, and the effect of the admixture prepared in example 1 is the best, so that the admixture with excellent anti-freezing performance can be prepared only under the matching of the formula components and the preparation method of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. The cemented sand gravel admixture is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight:
10-15 parts of alkyl sodium sulfonate, 20-30 parts of clay ceramsite, 30-50 parts of modified fly ash, 10-15 parts of modified nano rubber powder, 5-10 parts of expanded graphite and 10-15 parts of sodium lignosulfonate;
the modified fly ash is prepared by the following method:
soaking the fly ash in an ethanol solution for 2-5 h, taking out, uniformly mixing the fly ash and bentonite, reacting at 100-150 ℃ for 5-8 h, filtering and drying; wherein the addition amount of the bentonite is 5-10% of the weight of the fly ash.
2. The additive for cemented sand and gravel according to claim 1, which comprises the following components in parts by weight:
10 parts of alkyl sodium sulfonate, 30 parts of clay ceramsite, 40 parts of modified fly ash, 15 parts of modified nano rubber powder, 5 parts of expanded graphite and 10 parts of sodium lignosulfonate.
3. The additive for cemented sand and gravel according to claim 1, wherein the reaction temperature is 110 ℃ and the reaction time is 5 hours.
4. The additive for cemented sand and gravel according to claim 1, wherein the bentonite is added in an amount of 6% by weight of the fly ash.
5. The additive for cemented sand and gravel according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the modified nano-rubber powder is prepared by the following method:
placing waste rubber powder into a sodium hydroxide solution, soaking for 18-20 h, taking out, washing to be neutral, placing into absolute ethyl alcohol, soaking for 1-1.5 h, adding vinyltriethoxysilane, acetic anhydride and an initiator, stirring at 70-75 ℃ for reaction for 2-3 h, filtering, adding acetone for precipitation separation, washing with clear water, drying and crushing; wherein the weight ratio of the waste rubber powder, the vinyltriethoxysilane, the acetic anhydride and the initiator is 20-30: 1-1.5: 4-5: 0.1-0.2.
6. The additive for cemented sand and gravel according to claim 5, wherein the weight ratio of the waste rubber powder, the vinyltriethoxysilane, the acetic anhydride and the initiator is 20:1:5: 0.2.
7. The additive for cemented sand and gravel of claim 5 wherein the initiator is benzoyl peroxide or ammonium persulfate.
8. A cemented sand and gravel admixture according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the clay ceramsite is a water-saturated clay ceramsite.
9. The method for preparing the additive for cemented sand and gravel as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, which comprises the following steps:
(1) adding clay ceramsite into sodium alkylsulfonate according to a formula, continuously stirring and mixing for 2-5 h, then stirring and mixing with the modified fly ash in a vacuum environment for 20-30 h, and spraying water to wet the surface of the modified fly ash;
(2) and (2) mixing the molten modified nano rubber powder with expanded graphite and sodium lignin sulfonate, adding the product obtained in the step (1) into the mixture, stirring and mixing for 2-5 h, taking out the mixture, and curing the mixture for 7-10 days at the temperature of 20-25 ℃ and in an environment with the relative humidity of more than 95%.
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| CN101239802A (en) * | 2007-03-26 | 2008-08-13 | 天津市国腾公路咨询监理有限公司 | Durability concrete |
| CN108049370B (en) * | 2017-10-26 | 2023-12-08 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Seepage-proofing drainage system of gel sand gravel dam |
| US11643588B2 (en) * | 2017-12-04 | 2023-05-09 | Hexion Inc. | Multiple functional wellbore fluid additive |
| CN109437729A (en) * | 2018-10-30 | 2019-03-08 | 蚌埠市方阵商品混凝土有限公司 | A kind of freeze proof anti-crack concrete |
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