CN110919015A - Al-Si-Mg system powder material for additive manufacturing and modification method thereof - Google Patents
Al-Si-Mg system powder material for additive manufacturing and modification method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 134
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 229910018566 Al—Si—Mg Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000002715 modification method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 5
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium atom Chemical compound [Be] ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910003407 AlSi10Mg Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052691 Erbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N erbium Chemical compound [Er] UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium atom Chemical compound [Sc] SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000789 Aluminium-silicon alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical class [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- PWOSZCQLSAMRQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium(2+) Chemical compound [Be+2] PWOSZCQLSAMRQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 38
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 22
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910001111 Fine metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910018125 Al-Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910018520 Al—Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 4
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 3
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 3
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000967 As alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000676 Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidynesilicon Chemical compound [Al].[Si] CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UYFXWCIZFDKSTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-J aluminum;cesium;tetrafluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[Al+3].[Cs+] UYFXWCIZFDKSTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000032798 delamination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
-
- B22F1/0003—
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
- B22F2003/248—Thermal after-treatment
Abstract
The invention provides a modification method of an Al-Si-Mg system powder material for additive manufacturing, which comprises the following steps: s1: preparing materials, namely preparing an alloy raw material, a small amount of beryllium and a small amount of modifier, wherein the alloy raw material is Si or an aluminum alloy material of Si and Mg, and the modifier is one of scandium, zirconium and erbium; s2: smelting and atomizing to prepare powder, namely smelting an alloy raw material, beryllium and an alterant, atomizing to prepare the powder, keeping the smelting temperature at 750-900 ℃, keeping the temperature for 15-35 min, and atomizing, wherein the alloy raw material is any one of AlSi10Mg, AlSi7Mg and AlSi12, and the beryllium is high-purity beryllium beads. A certain amount of beryllium element is added into the aluminum alloy powder material and a common modifier for aluminum alloy is added for modification, so that the aluminum alloy powder material can be well applied to additive manufacturing; no fluoride is generated in the modification process, and the environment is not polluted; in the additive manufacturing process, the layering phenomenon does not occur, and the printed product is suitable for long-term use.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of additive manufacturing, in particular to a common Al-Si-Mg system powder material for additive manufacturing and a modification method thereof.
Background
The additive manufacturing technology is one of the rapid prototyping technologies, and is a technology for constructing a three-dimensional part by using a three-dimensional model as a base and using a bondable material such as metal powder or plastic and the like in a mode of scanning layer by layer and stacking layer by layer. The technology combines various disciplines such as CAD/CAM, optics, numerical control, material science and the like, has very wide application field, and has application prospects in jewelry, medical treatment, shoes, industrial design, construction, aerospace, automobiles, education and the like.
At present, aiming at the additive manufacturing of aluminum alloy materials, the used powder materials are relatively fixed, generally AlSi10Mg, AlSi7Mg, AlSi12 and other aluminum-silicon alloys are more, and the additive manufacturing process is relatively mature due to better welding performance. However, the mechanical properties of the AlSi-series alloy are not high, which results in insufficient mechanical properties of the parts manufactured by additive manufacturing, and cannot meet the high strength requirement of the parts manufactured by additive manufacturing of aluminum alloy, so that the aluminum alloy powder material needs to be improved to improve the mechanical properties.
In the process of modifying the aluminum alloy powder for additive manufacturing, the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy can be improved by adding aluminum alloy related alloy elements or related reinforcing phases. Modifying the aluminum alloy powder, adding some additives with special effects, and improving the printing performance of the aluminum alloy powder is one of the important research and development directions. Patent [ CN106694870A ] is a research and development scheme for manufacturers to modify powder, and after cesium fluoroaluminate and potassium fluoroaluminate are added, although the printing performance of powder and the mechanical performance of printed parts are improved to a certain extent, cesium, potassium and other elements are added into the powder, the content is not low, and the generated fluoride cannot be completely eliminated, so that impurities can be brought in, and the fluoride is harmful to the environment and is not suitable for being used in large quantities.
The post-treatment of aluminum alloy powder to form an aluminum oxide coating on the surface of the powder is one of the important research and development directions for improving the printing performance of the aluminum alloy powder. Patent [ CN106623897A ] is a research and development scheme of manufacturers for modifying powder, and an alumina coating layer is added on the surface of the powder, so that the powder becomes an alumina/aluminum composite material, and the performance of the powder can be improved in a certain range. However, after the aluminum oxide is introduced, the oxygen content of the powder is obviously increased, the 3D printing process is sensitive to the oxygen content, and the increased oxygen content causes other problems. Secondly, the melting point of the surface layer of the aluminum oxide is high, and the printed piece after printing and forming is likely to have a layering phenomenon, so that the printed piece is not beneficial to long-term use.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for modifying an Al-Si-Mg series powder material, which is used for solving the problem of low mechanical property of an additive manufacturing molded piece of the Al-Si-Mg series powder material, meeting the requirement of improving the mechanical property of an additive manufacturing sample piece, and generating no fluoride and polluting the environment; and the delamination phenomenon does not occur in the additive manufacturing process.
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for modifying an Al-Si-Mg system powder material for additive manufacturing, comprising the steps of:
s1: preparing materials, namely preparing an alloy raw material, a small amount of beryllium and a small amount of modifier, wherein the alloy raw material is Si or an aluminum alloy material of Si and Mg, and the modifier is one of scandium, zirconium and erbium;
s2: smelting and atomizing to prepare powder, namely smelting the alloy raw material, beryllium and a modifier, and then atomizing to prepare the powder to obtain the powder.
Further, before preparing the alloy raw material, removing an oxide layer on the surface of the alloy raw material, and drying for later use. The method for removing the surface oxide layer may be a removing method known in the art, such as cutting to remove the surface oxide layer. The drying method can adopt drying modes such as air drying, vacuum drying and the like.
Further, the removing mode of the surface oxide layer is grinding and polishing, and the vacuum drying mode is drying for 2-4 h at 120 ℃ in a vacuum drying oven.
Furthermore, the smelting temperature is 750-900 ℃, and atomization is carried out after the modification is carried out for 15-35 min.
Further, the alloy raw material is any one of AlSi10Mg, AlSi7Mg and AlSi 12.
Further, the beryllium is high-purity beryllium beads.
Furthermore, the addition amount of the beryllium is 2.0-2.8 percent of the mass percent of the Al-Si-Mg series powder material.
Further, the addition amount of the modifier is 0.1-0.2% of the mass percentage of the Al-Si-Mg series powder material.
Furthermore, the smelting adopts a step-by-step smelting mode, alloy raw materials are firstly added into a crucible of a smelting chamber to be completely melted, heat preservation is carried out, and beryllium is then added. In this step, the dried raw material is added to a crucible of a melting chamber, and beryllium beads are put into a secondary feed opening.
Further, the smelting temperature of the alloy raw materials in the smelting step is 750-900 ℃.
Furthermore, beryllium beads are added after the alloy raw materials are completely melted and the temperature is kept for 15-30 min. The beryllium beads are added from a secondary feeding port.
And further, after beryllium is added, the temperature is kept for 5-30min, and then atomization is started.
Further, the atomizing step comprises: pouring the smelted metal into a tundish, wherein the temperature of the tundish is 650-750 ℃, and the metal melt enters an atomizing spray gun through a liquid guide pipe of the tundish to be atomized into metal droplets and solidified into powder.
Further preferably, the temperature of the tundish is 700 ℃ ± 20 ℃.
Further, vacuum and/or inert gas means may be employed in the melting and atomizing chambers to prevent oxidation of the metal. Optionally, the melting chamber and the atomizing chamber are evacuated, the pressure in the melting chamber and the atomizing chamber is lower than 50Pa, preferably lower than 15Pa, further lower than 10Pa, and then argon is introduced to atmospheric pressure.
Further, the step S2 is followed by a step S3 of classifying powder,
s3: and grading the Al-Si-Mg series powder material according to the requirement of additive manufacturing powder, and obtaining a modified aluminum alloy powder finished product after screening.
Furthermore, the step S2 is performed with heat preservation for 5-15min after the alterant is added.
Further, the order of addition of the modificator and beryllium may be interchanged.
Further, the beryllium is uniformly dissolved by keeping the temperature of 700-750 ℃ for 25-35 min in the process of adding the beryllium.
Furthermore, the beryllium is uniformly dissolved by heat preservation for 30min at 730 ℃ in the process of adding the beryllium.
Further, if the modifying element is scandium or erbium, Al-Sc or Al-Er intermediate alloy is correspondingly added, and the addition amount of the Al-Sc or Al-Er intermediate alloy is 0.5-3% of the mass percentage of the Al-Si-Mg series powder material.
Furthermore, the addition amount of the Al-Sc or Al-Er intermediate alloy is 2 percent of the mass percentage of the Al-Si-Mg series powder material.
Further, in the step S2, a modifier zirconium is added, and the temperature is kept at 830-880 ℃ for 15-25 min, so that the zirconium element is uniformly dissolved.
Furthermore, in step S2, modifier zirconium is added, and the temperature is kept at 850 ℃ for 20min to ensure that the zirconium element is uniformly dissolved.
Further, in step S3, the upper and lower limits of the powder classification are 15 micrometers and 53 micrometers, respectively.
Further, a vibrating sieving machine is adopted for sieving.
The invention provides aluminum alloy powder which is obtained by adopting the preparation method.
The invention also provides an aluminum alloy processing formed part prepared from the aluminum alloy powder prepared by the modification method of the Al-Si-Mg system powder material for additive manufacturing, wherein the aluminum alloy processing formed part is obtained by performing additive manufacturing processing on an aluminum alloy powder finished product by adopting metal additive manufacturing equipment, and the density of the formed part can reach more than 99.95%.
Furthermore, the parameter process package of additive manufacturing processing can use a common additive manufacturing process package, and the density and the surface roughness of the formed part are not influenced.
Furthermore, after stress relief annealing, the formed part is subjected to aging heat treatment: the heat is preserved for 3 to 4 hours at the temperature of between 150 and 170 ℃, and the mechanical property is improved to more than 450 Mpa.
More preferably, the mechanical property of the formed part is improved to more than 460MPa by aging heat treatment at 160 ℃ for 3.5 hours after stress relief annealing.
After the scheme is adopted, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. a certain amount of beryllium element is added into the aluminum alloy powder material and a common modifier for aluminum alloy is added for modification, so that the aluminum alloy powder material can be well applied to additive manufacturing;
2. no fluoride is generated in the modification process, and the environment is not polluted;
3. in the additive manufacturing process, the layering phenomenon does not occur, and a printed product is suitable for long-term use;
4. the additive manufacturing processing parameter process packet can use a common additive manufacturing process packet, the processing parameter process packet does not need to be developed again in a targeted manner, the density and the surface roughness of the formed part are not influenced, and the cost is saved;
5. according to the Al-Si-Mg series powder material modification scheme provided by the invention, beryllium is added according to the modification principle, so that the β' phase nucleation density precipitated in the thermal treatment aging process is obviously increased, the number of precipitated phases is increased, the aging strengthening condition is provided for the Al-Si-Mg series alloy, and the problems of softening and low mechanical property of the Al-Si-Mg series alloy after the heat treatment of the formed part manufactured by the additive manufacturing of the Al-Si-Mg series alloy are solved;
6. the modifier is matched with Al-Si-Mg series powder materials to enable the effect of grain refinement of the modifier to be better, the mechanical strength of the formed piece made of Al-Si-Mg series alloy through additive manufacturing is further improved, and the density of the formed sample piece made through additive manufacturing can reach more than 99.95%.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments of the present invention, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The invention will be further described below by taking the preparation of beryllium-zirconium-modified AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy powder as an example.
The preparation process comprises the following steps:
s1: the raw materials are mixed, and high-purity AlSi10Mg master alloy ingots are used as the alloy raw materials. Before feeding, polishing a surface oxide layer, putting the polished surface oxide layer into a vacuum drying oven to be dried for 3 hours at 120 ℃ for later use, and weighing high-purity beryllium beads and a simple substance zirconium for later use;
s2: smelting and atomizing to prepare powder, adding the dried alloy raw materials into a crucible of a smelting chamber, and putting beryllium beads into a secondary feeding port.
Starting a vacuum system, vacuumizing the smelting chamber and the atomizing chamber to 10Pa, and then filling argon to atmospheric pressure.
Starting a smelting system, carrying out programmed induction heating of heating-heat preservation-cooling-heat preservation in a smelting chamber, setting the smelting power to be 100KW, heating from room temperature to 850 ℃, adding a simple substance of zirconium, synchronously heating a tundish to 700 ℃, preserving heat for 20min after a metal block in a crucible is completely molten, fully melting and mixing the materials, and then adding beryllium beads from a secondary feed inlet; and (3) reducing the smelting temperature to 730 ℃, preserving the temperature for 30min to ensure that the beryllium beads and the zirconium simple substance are uniformly melted, and starting atomization.
Pouring the melt into a heated tundish, and introducing the mixed metal melt into an atomizing spray gun through a liquid guide pipe at the bottom of the tundish.
Argon is used as an atomizing medium, the atomizing pressure is adjusted to be 3.8MPa, the mixed metal melt is sprayed into an atomizing chamber by an atomizing spray gun and then is crushed into fine metal droplets by high-pressure argon, and alloy powder is obtained after cooling and solidification.
S3: and (3) grading the powder, namely grading the Al-Si-Mg series powder material according to the requirements of additive manufacturing powder, wherein the upper limit and the lower limit are respectively 15 micrometers and 53 micrometers, and obtaining a beryllium-zirconium modified AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy powder finished product after the screening is finished.
In this example, 2.4% by mass of high-purity beryllium beads and 0.1% by mass of elemental zirconium were weighed out based on the mass percentage of the Al-Si-Mg-based powder material.
The powder is manufactured by adopting Raniesha metal additive manufacturing equipment and AlSi10Mg powder for additive manufacturing, so that an AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy sample piece with the density of 99.95% of a molded sample piece is obtained.
In step S1 of this embodiment, the processing parameters of the metal additive manufacturing apparatus are laser power 300W, the powder layer thickness is 30 microns, the laser scanning speed is 1200mm/S, the overlapping rate is 50%, and the scanning pitch is 100 microns.
After 2.4% beryllium and 0.1% zirconium modified AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy sample piece is subjected to stress relief annealing, the mechanical property is improved by an aging heat treatment mode of preserving heat for 4 hours at 160 ℃, and the mechanical property of the final sample piece can reach 480 Mpa.
Example 2
The invention will be further explained by taking the preparation of Al-Sc master alloy modified AlSi7Mg aluminum alloy powder corresponding to beryllium and scandium as an example.
The preparation process comprises the following steps:
s1: proportioning, wherein the alloy raw materials comprise high-purity aluminum ingots, Al-Si 30% intermediate alloys and magnesium ingots. Before feeding, polishing a surface oxide layer, putting the polished surface oxide layer into a vacuum drying oven for drying at 120 ℃ for 2h for later use, and meanwhile, weighing Al-Sc intermediate alloy corresponding to high-purity beryllium scandium for later use;
s2: smelting and atomizing to prepare powder, adding the dried alloy raw materials into a crucible of a smelting chamber, and putting beryllium beads into a secondary feeding port.
Starting a vacuum system, vacuumizing the smelting chamber and the atomizing chamber to 50Pa, and then filling argon to atmospheric pressure.
Starting a smelting system, carrying out programmed induction heating of heating-heat preservation-cooling-heat preservation in a smelting chamber, setting the smelting power to be 100KW, heating from room temperature to 900 ℃, simultaneously synchronously heating a tundish to 700 ℃, preserving heat for 10min after the metal block in the crucible is completely molten, fully melting and mixing the metal block, and then adding beryllium beads from a secondary feed inlet; the smelting temperature is reduced to 730 ℃, the temperature is kept for 30min, Al-Sc intermediate alloy is added before atomization, the temperature is kept for 10min according to the atomization temperature, and atomization is started.
Pouring the melt into a heated tundish, and introducing the mixed metal melt into an atomizing spray gun through a liquid guide pipe at the bottom of the tundish.
Argon is used as an atomizing medium, the atomizing pressure is adjusted to be 3.8MPa, the mixed metal melt is sprayed into an atomizing chamber by an atomizing spray gun and then is crushed into fine metal droplets by high-pressure argon, and alloy powder is obtained after cooling and solidification.
S3: and (3) powder grading, namely grading the Al-Si-Mg series powder material according to the requirement of additive manufacturing powder, wherein the upper limit and the lower limit are respectively 15 micrometers and 53 micrometers, and obtaining a beryllium-scandium modified AlSi7Mg aluminum alloy powder finished product after the sieving is finished.
In step S1 of this embodiment, 2.0% by mass of high-purity beryllium balls and 0.15% by mass of Al — Sc master alloy corresponding to scandium are weighed out for use.
The powder is subjected to additive manufacturing by adopting Renysha metal additive manufacturing equipment and an AlSi7Mg powder process parameter package, so that a molded sample piece with the density of 99.96% AlSi7Mg aluminum alloy can be obtained.
In this embodiment, the machining parameters of the metal additive manufacturing equipment are laser power 270W, the powder layer thickness is 25 micrometers, the laser scanning speed is 1100mm/s, the overlapping rate is 40%, and the scanning interval is 90 micrometers.
After the Al-Si 7Mg aluminum alloy sample piece modified by 2.0% of beryllium and 0.15% of scandium is subjected to stress relief annealing, the mechanical property can be improved by an aging heat treatment mode of preserving heat for 3.5 hours at 160 ℃, and the mechanical property of the final sample piece can reach 460 Mpa.
Example 3
The invention will be further illustrated below by way of example for the preparation of beryllium, erbium-modified AlSi10Mg aluminium alloy powder.
The preparation process comprises the following steps:
s1: the raw materials are mixed, and high-purity AlSi10Mg master alloy ingots are used as the alloy raw materials. Removing the surface oxide layer by cutting before feeding, and drying in a vacuum drying oven at 120 deg.C for 4 h. Weighing high-purity beryllium beads and erbium simple substance for later use;
s2: smelting and atomizing to prepare powder, adding the dried alloy raw materials into a crucible of a smelting chamber, and putting beryllium beads into a secondary feeding port.
Starting a vacuum system, vacuumizing the smelting chamber and the atomizing chamber to 15Pa, and then filling argon to atmospheric pressure.
Starting a smelting system, carrying out programmed induction heating of heating-heat preservation-cooling-heat preservation in a smelting chamber, setting the smelting power to be 100KW, heating from room temperature to 800 ℃, synchronously heating a tundish to 680 ℃, preserving heat for 20min after the metal block in the crucible is completely molten, fully melting and mixing, and then adding beryllium beads from a secondary feeding port; the smelting temperature is reduced to 730 ℃, the temperature is kept for 30min, the erbium simple substance is added, the temperature is kept for 5min, and atomization is started.
Pouring the melt into a heated tundish, and introducing the mixed metal melt into an atomizing spray gun through a liquid guide pipe at the bottom of the tundish.
Argon is used as an atomizing medium, the atomizing pressure is adjusted to be 3.8MPa, the mixed metal melt is sprayed into an atomizing chamber by an atomizing spray gun and then is crushed into fine metal droplets by high-pressure argon, and alloy powder is obtained after cooling and solidification.
S3: and (3) grading the powder, namely grading the Al-Si-Mg series powder material according to the requirements of additive manufacturing powder, wherein the upper limit and the lower limit are respectively 15 micrometers and 53 micrometers, and obtaining a beryllium-erbium modified AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy powder finished product after the screening is finished.
In step S1 in this example, 2.8% by mass of high-purity beryllium balls and 0.2% by mass of erbium were weighed out as the Al — Si — Mg powder material.
The powder is manufactured by adopting Raniesha metal additive manufacturing equipment and AlSi10Mg powder for additive manufacturing, so that an AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy sample piece with the density of 99.96% of a molded sample piece is obtained.
In this embodiment, the processing parameters of the metal additive manufacturing equipment are laser power 350W, the powder layer thickness is 35 microns, the laser scanning speed is 1100mm/s, the overlapping rate is 55%, and the scanning pitch is 100 microns.
After 2.8% beryllium and 0.2% erbium modified AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy sample piece is subjected to stress relief annealing, the mechanical property is improved by an aging heat treatment mode of preserving heat for 3 hours at 150 ℃, and the mechanical property of the final sample piece can reach 493 Mpa.
Example 4
The invention will be further explained by taking the preparation of Al-Er master alloy modified AlSi7Mg aluminum alloy powder corresponding to beryllium and erbium as an example.
The preparation process comprises the following steps:
s1: proportioning, wherein the alloy raw materials comprise high-purity aluminum ingots, Al-Si 30% intermediate alloys and magnesium ingots. And (3) polishing the surface oxide layer before feeding, polishing, and drying in a vacuum drying oven at 120 ℃ for 2h for later use. Meanwhile, weighing high-purity beryllium beads and Al-Er intermediate alloy corresponding to erbium for later use;
s2: smelting and atomizing to prepare powder, adding the dried raw materials into a crucible of a smelting chamber, and putting beryllium beads into a secondary feeding port.
Starting a vacuum system, vacuumizing the smelting chamber and the atomizing chamber to 10Pa, and then filling argon to atmospheric pressure.
Starting a smelting system, carrying out programmed induction heating of heating-heat preservation-cooling-heat preservation in a smelting chamber, setting the smelting power to be 100KW, heating from room temperature to 850 ℃, simultaneously synchronously heating a tundish to 730 ℃, preserving heat for 15min after the metal block in the crucible is completely molten, fully melting and mixing the metal block, and then adding beryllium beads from a secondary feed inlet; reducing the smelting temperature to 730 ℃, preserving the temperature for 30min, adding Al-Er intermediate alloy before atomization, preserving the temperature for 10min according to the atomization temperature, and starting atomization.
Pouring the melt into a heated tundish, and introducing the mixed metal melt into an atomizing spray gun through a liquid guide pipe at the bottom of the tundish.
Argon is used as an atomizing medium, the atomizing pressure is adjusted to be 3.8MPa, the mixed metal melt is sprayed into an atomizing chamber by an atomizing spray gun and then is crushed into fine metal droplets by high-pressure argon, and alloy powder is obtained after cooling and solidification.
S3: and (3) grading the powder, namely grading the Al-Si-Mg series powder material according to the requirement of additive manufacturing powder, wherein the upper limit and the lower limit are respectively 15 micrometers and 53 micrometers, and obtaining a beryllium and Al-Er intermediate alloy modified AlSi7Mg aluminum alloy powder finished product after the screening is finished.
In step S1 of this embodiment, 2.8% by mass of high-purity beryllium balls and 0.1% by mass of Al — Er master alloy corresponding to erbium are weighed out for use.
The powder is subjected to additive manufacturing by adopting Renysha metal additive manufacturing equipment and an AlSi7Mg powder process parameter package, so that a molded sample piece with the density of 99.96% AlSi7Mg aluminum alloy can be obtained.
In this embodiment, the machining parameters of the metal additive manufacturing equipment are laser power 270W, the powder layer thickness is 25 micrometers, the laser scanning speed is 1100mm/s, the overlapping rate is 40%, and the scanning interval is 90 micrometers.
After the AlSi7Mg aluminum alloy sample piece modified by 2.8% beryllium and 0.1% Al-Er intermediate alloy is subjected to stress relief annealing, the mechanical property can be improved by an aging heat treatment mode of keeping the temperature at 170 ℃ for 3 hours, and the mechanical property of the final sample piece can reach 490 Mpa.
Comparative example 1:
the invention will be further illustrated below by way of example of unmodified AlSi10Mg aluminium alloy powder.
The preparation process comprises the following steps:
s1: the raw materials are mixed, and high-purity AlSi10Mg master alloy ingots are used as the alloy raw materials. And (3) polishing the surface oxide layer before feeding, polishing, and drying in a vacuum drying oven at 120 ℃ for 3.5h for later use.
S2: smelting and atomizing to prepare powder, adding the dried raw materials into a crucible of a smelting chamber, and putting beryllium beads into a secondary feeding port.
Starting a vacuum system, vacuumizing the smelting chamber and the atomizing chamber to 10Pa, and then filling argon to atmospheric pressure.
Starting a smelting system, carrying out programmed induction heating of temperature rise, heat preservation, temperature reduction and heat preservation in a smelting chamber, setting the smelting power to be 100KW, raising the temperature from room temperature to 850 ℃, simultaneously synchronously heating the tundish to 750 ℃, and preserving the heat for 35min after the metal blocks in the crucible are completely melted so as to fully melt and mix the metal blocks and start atomization.
Pouring the melt into a heated tundish, and introducing the mixed metal melt into an atomizing spray gun through a liquid guide pipe at the bottom of the tundish.
Argon is used as an atomizing medium, the atomizing pressure is adjusted to be 3.5MPa, the mixed metal melt is sprayed into an atomizing chamber by an atomizing spray gun and then is crushed into fine metal droplets by high-pressure argon, and alloy powder is obtained after cooling and solidification.
S3: and (3) grading the powder, namely grading the Al-Si-Mg series powder material according to the requirements of additive manufacturing powder, wherein the upper limit and the lower limit are respectively 15 micrometers and 53 micrometers, and obtaining an AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy powder finished product after the screening is finished.
The powder is manufactured by adopting Raniesha metal additive manufacturing equipment and AlSi10Mg powder for additive manufacturing, so that an AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy sample piece with the density of 82.5% of a molded sample piece is obtained.
In this embodiment, the processing parameters of the metal additive manufacturing equipment are laser power 300W, the powder layer thickness is 30 micrometers, the laser scanning speed is 1200mm/s, the lap joint rate is 50%, and the scanning pitch is 100 micrometers.
Meanwhile, after the conventional AlSi10Mg material is subjected to stress relief annealing, the tensile strength is obviously reduced, the mechanical property of the final sample piece is 350-430 MPa, in the embodiment, 410MPa, and an aging heat treatment mode is omitted.
Comparative example 2:
the invention will be further illustrated below by way of example for the preparation of unmodified AlSi7Mg aluminium alloy powder.
The preparation process comprises the following steps:
s1: proportioning, wherein high-purity aluminum ingots, Al-Si 30% intermediate alloy and magnesium ingots are used as alloy raw materials, surface oxide layers are ground and polished before feeding, and the materials are dried for 3 hours in a vacuum drying oven at 120 ℃ for later use;
s2: smelting and atomizing to prepare powder, adding the dried raw materials into a crucible of a smelting chamber, and putting beryllium beads into a secondary feeding port.
Starting a vacuum system, vacuumizing the smelting chamber and the atomizing chamber to 50Pa, and then filling argon to atmospheric pressure.
Starting a smelting system, carrying out programmed induction heating of temperature rise, heat preservation, temperature reduction and heat preservation in a smelting chamber, setting the smelting power to be 100KW, raising the temperature from room temperature to 900 ℃, simultaneously synchronously heating the tundish to 750 ℃, preserving the heat for 15min after the metal blocks in the crucible are completely melted, fully melting and mixing the metal blocks, and starting atomization.
Pouring the melt into a heated tundish, and introducing the mixed metal melt into an atomizing spray gun through a liquid guide pipe at the bottom of the tundish.
Argon is used as an atomizing medium, the atomizing pressure is adjusted to be 4.0MPa, mixed metal melt is sprayed into an atomizing chamber by an atomizing spray gun and then is crushed into fine metal droplets by high-pressure argon, and alloy powder is obtained after cooling and solidification
S3: and (3) grading the powder, namely grading the Al-Si-Mg series powder material according to the requirements of additive manufacturing powder, wherein the upper limit and the lower limit are respectively 15 micrometers and 53 micrometers, and obtaining an unmodified AlSi7Mg aluminum alloy powder finished product after the screening is finished.
The powder is subjected to additive manufacturing by adopting Renysha metal additive manufacturing equipment and an AlSi7Mg powder process parameter package, so that a molded sample piece with the density of 85.3% AlSi7Mg aluminum alloy can be obtained.
In this embodiment, the machining parameters of the metal additive manufacturing equipment are 280W of laser power, the thickness of the powder laying layer is 25 microns, the laser scanning speed is 1100mm/s, the lap joint rate is 45%, and the scanning interval is 90 microns.
The conventional AlSi7Mg powder material is consistent, and meanwhile, after the conventional AlSi7Mg material is subjected to stress relief annealing, the tensile strength is obviously reduced, the mechanical property of the final sample piece is between 300 and 410MPa, in the embodiment, 360MPa, and an aging heat treatment mode is avoided.
Claims (10)
1. A method for modifying an Al-Si-Mg system powder material for additive manufacturing is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: preparing materials, namely preparing an alloy raw material, a small amount of beryllium and a small amount of modifier, wherein the alloy raw material is Si or an aluminum alloy material of Si and Mg, and the modifier is one of scandium, zirconium and erbium;
s2: smelting and atomizing to prepare powder, namely smelting the alloy raw material, beryllium and a modifier, and then atomizing to prepare the powder to obtain the powder.
2. The method of modifying an Al-Si-Mg system powder material for additive manufacturing according to claim 1, characterized in that: the alloy raw material is any one of AlSi10Mg, AlSi7Mg and AlSi 12.
3. The method of modifying an Al-Si-Mg system powder material for additive manufacturing according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the addition amount of the beryllium is 2.0-2.8 percent of the mass percentage of the Al-Si-Mg series powder material.
4. The method of modifying an Al-Si-Mg system powder material for additive manufacturing according to claim 1, characterized in that: the beryllium is high-purity beryllium beads.
5. The method of modifying an Al-Si-Mg system powder material for additive manufacturing according to claim 1, characterized in that: the modifier is any one of scandium, zirconium, erbium or intermediate alloy, and the addition amount of the modifier is 0.1-0.2% of the mass percentage of the Al-Si-Mg series powder material.
6. The method of modifying an Al-Si-Mg system powder material for additive manufacturing according to claim 5, characterized in that: and if the modifying element is scandium or erbium, correspondingly adding Al-Sc or Al-Er intermediate alloy, wherein the addition amount of the Al-Sc or Al-Er intermediate alloy is 0.5-3% of the mass percentage of the Al-Si-Mg series powder material. .
7. The method of modifying an Al-Si-Mg system powder material for additive manufacturing according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step S2, a modifier zirconium is added, and the temperature is kept at 830-880 ℃ for 15-25 min to ensure that the zirconium element is uniformly dissolved.
8. The method for modifying an Al-Si-Mg system powder material for additive manufacturing according to claim 1, wherein the step S2 is further followed by a step S3 of powder classification,
and S3, powder grading, namely grading the Al-Si-Mg series powder material according to the requirement of additive manufacturing powder, and obtaining a modified aluminum alloy powder finished product after screening.
9. An aluminum alloy formed part made of an aluminum alloy powder obtained by the method for modifying an Al-Si-Mg system powder material for additive manufacturing according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: and (3) performing additive manufacturing processing on the aluminum alloy powder finished product by adopting metal additive manufacturing equipment to obtain a processed formed part, wherein the density of the formed part can reach more than 99.95%.
10. An aluminium alloy process shaped part according to claim 9, wherein: after the formed part is annealed by stress relief, aging heat treatment is carried out: keeping the temperature for 3 to 4 hours at the temperature of between 150 and 170 ℃.
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