CN110919001A - Molding material co-mixing feeding type aluminum matrix composite material 3D printing device and printing method - Google Patents

Molding material co-mixing feeding type aluminum matrix composite material 3D printing device and printing method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110919001A
CN110919001A CN201911261100.9A CN201911261100A CN110919001A CN 110919001 A CN110919001 A CN 110919001A CN 201911261100 A CN201911261100 A CN 201911261100A CN 110919001 A CN110919001 A CN 110919001A
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printing
ultrasonic
molding material
storage tank
module
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CN110919001B (en
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许国敬
于汉臣
闫久春
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Harbin Institute of Technology
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Harbin Institute of Technology
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/115—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces by spraying molten metal, i.e. spray sintering, spray casting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/003—Apparatus, e.g. furnaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
    • C22C32/0047—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents
    • C22C32/0052—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents only carbides

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Abstract

A3D printing device and a printing method for a molding material co-mixing feeding type aluminum matrix composite relate to a 3D printing device and a printing method. The invention aims to solve the problem that the surface oxide film of the metal powder causes poor wetting and combination of the ceramic and the metal powder; the difficulty of the laser 3D printing technology is high; and the problem of uneven distribution of the reinforced particles when the laser selective area is printed layer by layer. The invention adopts a mixture of ceramic particles and liquid aluminum alloy melt as a molding material, the mixture is arranged in a storage tank provided with an ultrasonic stirring device, the ceramic particles in the mixture are uniformly distributed under the action of a wolf tooth rod type ultrasonic tool head, the mixture is extruded into a conveying pipe through an extrusion device, the feeding, stopping and feeding amount of the mixture are controlled by adjusting the rotating speed of a spiral rod, the mixture is conveyed to a position to be printed through an ultrasonic sonotrode nozzle, and the liquid aluminum alloy melt is wetted and combined with the ceramic particles under the ultrasonic action and is contacted with the surface to be printed to form connection. The invention is used for printing the aluminum matrix composite material.

Description

Molding material co-mixing feeding type aluminum matrix composite material 3D printing device and printing method
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preparation technology of a ceramic particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite, in particular to a ceramic particle and metal co-feeding type aluminum matrix composite ultrasonic-assisted 3D printing device and a printing method, which are used for preparing the ceramic particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite. Belong to 3D and print technical field.
Background
The ceramic particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material with excellent performances such as high specific stiffness, low thermal expansion, high thermal conductivity and the like is widely applied to the fields of aviation, aerospace, automobiles, electronics and the like. At present, the traditional and mature preparation methods of the aluminum-based composite material mainly comprise a powder metallurgy method, a pressure casting method, a stirring casting method, a non-pressure infiltration method and a spray deposition method. Parts prepared from the aluminum-based composite material are processed by milling, turning and the like on the aluminum-based composite material blank prepared by the method, the processing cutter is seriously abraded, the processing period is long, and the application of a complex structural part is seriously limited by high cost and low production efficiency.
The 3D printing technology is also called additive manufacturing technology, and is a technology for constructing a part by printing layer by layer, which is mainly classified into three-dimensional stereolithography, fused deposition modeling, 3D inkjet printing, selective laser sintering, and layered solid manufacturing.
The 3D printing technology is already applied to the preparation of aluminum matrix composites, and one is that a porous prefabricated body of a part is prepared by the 3D printing technology, then a metal matrix is impregnated, and the part is manufactured by solidification and forming; the other method is that a prefabricated body of a two-phase or multi-phase material is prepared by using a 3D printing technology, and then a part is manufactured by high-temperature sintering; and thirdly, preparing mixed powder of ceramic and aluminum, layering, and sintering by adopting a selective laser melting and material increasing technology to manufacture parts.
Utility model patent CN201721236057.7 discloses cold printing device of supplementary 3D of metal glass combined material supersound, this patent promotes the mixture of powder and cold printing into the preform under the ultrasonic action with metal glass granule and ceramic magnetic particle after mixing, obtains the combined material part through the high temperature sintering degrease at last.
Chinese patent CN201910526195.6 discloses a method for preparing metal matrix composite blanks based on 3D printing technology, in which metal powder and reinforcing particles are distributed in a laminated manner, and each layer is subjected to laser scanning treatment to prepare blanks of aluminum matrix composite materials with different reinforcing particle distributions.
Chinese invention patent CN201510606543.2 proposes a laser rapid forming method for aluminum, aluminum alloy and aluminum-based composite material, which utilizes the high absorptivity of the aluminum, aluminum alloy and aluminum-based composite material to the laser with the wavelength of 700nm-900nm to carry out laser sintering on powdery, filamentous or strip-shaped raw materials.
The invention Chinese patent CN20190594552.2 discloses a method for preparing a hollow silicon carbide reinforced aluminum-based composite material by 3D printing, which mixes hollow silicon carbide powder and aluminum powder to prepare mixed powder, and prepares the composite material by sintering layer by layer through a laser heat source.
Chinese invention patent CN201811082116.9 proposes an aluminum alloy composite material for 3D printing, a 3D printing product and a preparation method thereof, the patent introduces TiB2 and Si in 7 series aluminum alloy, the laser absorption rate is obviously improved, and the aluminum alloy composite material and the product are prepared by adopting a laser 3D printing technology.
The prior art has the following defects:
(1) the existing 3D printing technology is to print an aluminum-based composite material blank at room temperature, and the surface oxidation film of metal powder causes poor wetting and combination of ceramic and metal powder;
(2) the aluminum alloy has high light reflection performance, and the difficulty of a laser 3D printing technology is increased;
(3) when the laser selective area is printed layer by layer, the distribution of the enhanced particles is not uniform.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems that the existing 3D printing technology exists: (1) printing an aluminum-based composite material blank at room temperature, wherein an oxide film on the surface of metal powder causes poor wetting and combination of ceramic and metal powder; (2) the aluminum alloy has high light reflection performance, and the difficulty of a laser 3D printing technology is increased; (3) when the laser is selected to print layer by layer, the distribution of the reinforced particles is not uniform. Further provides a molding material co-feeding type aluminum matrix composite material 3D printing device and a printing method.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a molding material co-feeding type aluminum matrix composite 3D printing device has the working principle that: adopt the mixture of powder granule and liquid aluminum alloy fuse-element as the forming material, the dress is in the storage tank who is furnished with supersound agitating unit, ceramic particle in the mixture evenly distributed under the effect of the supersound instrument head of wolf tooth stick formula, push away the extrusion device through the hob with the mixture extrusion of forming material misce bene to the conveyer pipe in, the rotational speed control mixture of adjustment hob send into with stop and how much of the volume of sending into, the mixture sends to the department of waiting to print through the supersound sonotrode nozzle, liquid aluminum alloy fuse-element is moist and combine and with waiting to print the surface contact formation under the ultrasonic action and be connected.
Further, it comprises a three-dimensional moving module; the ultrasonic printing system also comprises a work control cabinet, an ultrasonic auxiliary printing module and a storage conveying module; the ultrasonic auxiliary printing module comprises a first ultrasonic transducer, a first amplitude transformer, an ultrasonic tool head, a second heating module, a printing nozzle, a second temperature sensor and a substrate; the ultrasonic generator comprises a three-dimensional moving module, a Z-axis support and an XY-axis moving system, wherein the Z-axis support and the XY-axis moving system are arranged up and down; a heatable substrate arranged on an XY-axis moving system of the three-dimensional moving module is arranged right below the printing nozzle; the powder particle and liquid aluminum alloy melt mixture is used as a molding material and is arranged in a material storage tank which is arranged on a Z-axis support and is provided with an ultrasonic stirring device, a material conveying pipe of a material storage conveying module is connected with a printing nozzle and provides a printing mixture for the printing nozzle, the mixture is conveyed to a position to be printed through an ultrasonic sonotrode nozzle, the liquid aluminum alloy melt is wetted and combined with the powder particles under the ultrasonic action and is contacted with the surface to be printed to form connection, wherein the diameter range of a liquid mixture outflow pipe at the printing nozzle is 20-1000 mu m, the liquid mixture outflow pipe in the printing nozzle is in circular chamfer transition with a plane, the radius of the circular chamfer is 50-600 mu m, and the printing interval is 100-300 mu m; the industrial control cabinet controls the printing actions of the ultrasonic auxiliary printing module, the storage conveying module and the three-dimensional moving module.
Furthermore, the periphery of the outer edge of the lower end of the printing nozzle is provided with a round chamfer, and the radius of the chamfer is 200-1000 mu m.
Preferably, the material of the ultrasonic tool head is molybdenum alloy or pure niobium or titanium alloy or tungsten alloy.
Still further, the ultrasonic-assisted printing module further comprises a third temperature sensor and a third heating module, the third heating module is mounted in the substrate, and the third temperature sensor is mounted on the upper portion of the substrate.
Further, the storage and conveying module comprises a second ultrasonic transducer, a second amplitude transformer, a storage tank, a wolf tooth rod type ultrasonic tool head, a first heating module, a heat insulation tile, a first temperature sensor, a feeding motor, a pushing device, a pushing rotating rod, a conveying pipe, an electromagnetic valve, a flow regulator and an argon bottle; the second ultrasonic transducer is arranged on the Z-axis support and is positioned on one side of the first ultrasonic transducer, the lower end of the second ultrasonic transducer is connected with the upper end of a second amplitude transformer, a second cooling water inlet and outlet are formed in the second amplitude transformer, the storage tank is arranged on the Z-axis support right below the second amplitude transformer, the upper end of the wolf tooth rod type ultrasonic tool head is connected with the lower end of the second amplitude transformer, the lower end of the wolf tooth rod type ultrasonic tool head penetrates through the upper cover of the storage tank and then extends into the storage tank, the first temperature sensor is arranged at the lower part of the storage tank, the argon gas cylinder is connected with the storage tank through a pipeline, and the electromagnetic valve and the flow regulator are respectively arranged on the pipeline; the first heating module is sleeved on the material storage tank, and the heat insulation tile is wrapped on the first heating module and the second heating module; the material storage tank is filled with a molding material mixture; the pushing device is horizontally arranged at the outlet end of the material storage tank, the pushing rotary rod is arranged in the pushing device, the feeding motor is arranged on the outer side of the pushing device and connected with the pushing rotary rod, one end of the conveying pipe is connected with the discharging end of the pushing device, and the other end of the conveying pipe extends into the ultrasonic tool head and is connected with the liquid mixture outflow pipe.
Preferably, the powder particles in the molding material mixture are ceramic particles or graphene particles or diamond particles.
Preferably, the liquid aluminum alloy melt in the molding material mixture is an Al alloy or an Mg alloy or a Zn alloy or an Sn alloy.
Preferably, the feed delivery pipe is a stainless steel corrugated pipe.
Preferably, the mix outlet pushing end of the pushing device is tapered.
Further, the three-dimensional moving module comprises a Z-axis synchronous motor, an XY-axis synchronous motor, a Z-axis bracket, a laser range finder and an XY-axis moving system; the Z-axis synchronous motor is installed on the Z-axis support and drives the ultrasonic auxiliary printing module and the material storage conveying module to move in the vertical direction, the XY-axis synchronous motor is connected with the XY-axis moving system and drives the substrate to move in the XY-axis direction, and the laser range finder is installed on the Z-axis support and moves simultaneously with the ultrasonic tool head.
Wherein, the worker accuse cabinet is controlled total power, heating power, supersound power, temperature, argon gas switch and three-dimensional removal. The second ultrasonic transducer is connected with the second amplitude transformer, the second amplitude transformer inputs ultrasonic waves into a forming material mixture in the storage tank through the wolf tooth rod type tool head, the forming material mixture can be stirred by vibration of the wolf tooth rod type tool head so as to promote full mixing of ceramic particles and metal liquid, the first temperature sensor can control the first heating module to heat the storage tank and the pushing device, the argon gas bottle in the mixture is connected with the storage tank, the middle of the argon gas bottle is provided with the electromagnetic valve and the flow regulator, inert gas protection can be carried out on the forming material mixture, and excessive oxidation of easily oxidized metals is avoided.
The first ultrasonic transducer is connected with the first amplitude transformer, a first cooling water inlet and a first cooling water outlet are formed in the first amplitude transformer, the lower portion of the first amplitude transformer is connected with the ultrasonic tool head, the ultrasonic tool head enables ultrasonic waves to act on the printing nozzle, the ultrasonic tool head is provided with a second temperature sensor for measuring temperature and controlling a second heating module to heat the ultrasonic tool head, the port of a conveying pipe in the printing nozzle is in transition with a printing plane in a round chamfer mode, the outermost periphery of the printing nozzle is in transition in a round corner mode, a heatable substrate is arranged below the printing nozzle, the third temperature sensor monitors the temperature of the substrate to control a third heating module, and the printing nozzle prints the aluminum-based composite material on the substrate.
The laser range finder is fixed on the Z-axis support, the distance from the printing nozzle to a printing material is measured, the XY-axis synchronous motor is connected with the substrate through the support, the XY-axis direction movement of the substrate is achieved, and the first ultrasonic transducer and the material storage tank are fixed on the Z-axis support.
The invention also provides a printing method of the forming material co-feeding type aluminum matrix composite material 3D printing device, which comprises the following printing steps:
s1: putting pure aluminum or aluminum alloy and powder particles in a corresponding proportion into a storage tank, and opening an electromagnetic valve to fill a certain amount of argon into the storage tank;
s2: opening the first heating module storage tank and a third heating module on the printing substrate, and heating to a set temperature;
wherein the printing temperature is set to be 20-100 ℃ higher than the melting point of the metal material to be printed,
the preheating temperature of the substrate is 50-200 ℃ lower than the melting point of the metal material,
the printing speed is 5-20 cm/min;
s3: opening a second ultrasonic transducer to perform ultrasonic stirring on the molding material mixture;
s4: moving the platform to a designated position, adjusting the height of a printing nozzle, turning on an ultrasonic transducer and a pushing motor, wherein the amplitude of an ultrasonic tool head is adjustable within 2-15 mu m, and the frequency is adjustable within 10-100 kHz;
s5: according to the size requirement of the part, under the control of the industrial control cabinet 1, printing the corresponding aluminum-based composite material at a specified position;
s6: setting corresponding stirring ultrasonic amplitude and ultrasonic frequency according to different volume fractions of powder particles in the aluminum-based composite material, recalibrating the height after printing one layer, and printing the next layer after staying for 5 s;
s7: sequentially executing steps S5-S6 after printing of each layer is completed until the printing of the parts of the aluminum matrix composite material is completed;
s8: taking down the printed part blank;
s9: and machining the part with the uneven surface of the blank by a machining method to finally obtain the aluminum-based composite material part with the geometric dimension meeting the requirement.
Preferably, the pure aluminum or aluminum alloy put in the storage tank in S1 is a block or powder.
Preferably, the size of the powder particles put into the storage tank in S1 is 5-30 μm, and the powder is ceramic particles or graphene materials or diamond particles. Such as SiC powder, Al2O3Powders, nano-scale graphene sheets/tubes, diamond particles, and the like.
Further, in step S6, according to the volume fraction of the ceramic particles in the aluminum matrix composite, the amplitude and frequency of the ultrasonic wolf tooth bar tool head are adjusted, wherein the amplitude of the ultrasonic wolf tooth bar tool head is 2-20 μm, and the frequency is 10-60 kHz.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following effects:
1. the invention breaks the surface film of the liquid metal by means of ultrasonic cavitation effect, and realizes the wetting and combination of the ceramic particles and the metal liquid at a lower temperature (higher than the melting point of the metal by 30 ℃) and quickly (with the printing speed of 5-20 cm/min); in addition, the invention realizes the ultrasonic-assisted 3D printing of the aluminum matrix composite material in a form of mixing and feeding the ceramic particles and the metal.
2. The ultrasonic action device and the printing device are integrally designed, ultrasonic waves directly act on a region to be printed, 3D printing forming and connection of the aluminum matrix composite are completed simultaneously, and component distribution and performance uniformity of the aluminum matrix composite are improved;
3. the aluminum alloy raw material of the invention has no limit on the types and sizes, can be in the form of blocks or powder, and has low material cost;
4. the invention applies ultrasonic action, can refine the crystal grains of the aluminum alloy matrix by means of ultrasound, promotes the ceramic powder particles to be uniformly distributed in the aluminum matrix composite material by means of acoustic flow stirring action under ultrasound, improves the mechanical property of the part, and further improves the printing quality of the part.
5. The method is used for printing the aluminum-based composite material with the reinforced particle volume fraction of 10-50%, can realize the printing of the gradient aluminum-based composite material with different volume fractions in different areas, and has wide application range.
6. The heating mode is resistance heat conduction, and the problem of high reflectivity of the aluminum alloy is effectively avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a magazine transport system;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a print nozzle;
fig. 4 is a partial cross-sectional view of a print nozzle.
In the figure: 1. a work control cabinet; 2. an ultrasonic-assisted printing module; 21. a first ultrasonic transducer; 22. a first horn; 23. a first cooling water inlet and outlet; 24. an ultrasonic tool head; 25. a second heating module; 26. a printing nozzle; 27. a second temperature sensor; 28. a Z-axis support; 3. a material storage and conveying module; 31. a second ultrasonic transducer; 32. a second horn; 33. a second cooling water inlet and outlet; 34. a material storage tank; 35. a wolf tooth stick type tool head; 36. a first heating module; 37. a heat insulation tile; 38. mixing; 39 a first temperature sensor; 41. a feeding motor; 42. a pushing device; 43. pushing the screw rod; 44. a delivery pipe; 45. an electromagnetic valve; 46. a flow regulator; 47. an argon bottle; 51. a Z-axis synchronous motor; 52. a laser range finder; 53. an XY-axis synchronous motor; 54. a substrate; 55. a third temperature sensor; 56. a support; 57. a third heating module; 61. an aluminum matrix composite.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows: the present embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1 to 4, and the molding material co-feeding type aluminum matrix composite 3D printing apparatus of the present embodiment includes: the system comprises a power control cabinet 1, an ultrasonic auxiliary printing module 2, a storage conveying module 3 and a three-dimensional moving module. The industrial control 1 cabinet comprises a main power supply, a heating power supply, a temperature switch, an argon switch and a three-dimensional movement controller.
The ultrasonic auxiliary printing module 2 comprises a first ultrasonic transducer 21, a first amplitude transformer 22, a cooling water outlet 23, an ultrasonic tool head 24, a second heating module 25, a printing nozzle 26, a second temperature sensor 27, a bracket 28, a base plate 54, a third temperature sensor 55 and a third heating module 57. The three-dimensional moving module comprises a Z-axis synchronous motor 51, a laser range finder 52, an XY-axis synchronous motor 53, a support 28 and an XY-axis support 56. The first ultrasonic transducers 21 and 31 and the storage tank 34 are all fixed on the bracket 28, the Z-axis synchronous motor 51 drags the bracket 28 to drive the first ultrasonic transducer 21, the second ultrasonic transducer 31, the first amplitude transformer 22, the second amplitude transformer 32, the ultrasonic tool head 24 and the wolf tooth stick type tool head 35 to move up and down, a first cooling water inlet and outlet 23 is formed at one upper part and one lower part of the first amplitude transformer 22 near the first ultrasonic transducer 21 for cooling heat on the first amplitude transformer 22, the first amplitude transformer 22 is tightly connected with the ultrasonic tool head 24, the lower end of the ultrasonic tool head is provided with a printing nozzle 26, the laser range finder 52 is fixed on the Z-axis bracket 28 and moves with the first amplitude transformer 22 at the same time, the ultrasonic tool head 24 is provided with a second temperature sensor 27 for measuring the heating temperature of the ultrasonic tool head 24 by the second heating module 25, the second heating module 25 is regulated and controlled according to the temperature measured by the industrial control cabinet 1 of the second temperature sensor 26, the third heating module 57 and the third temperature sensor 55 are installed on the substrate 54, the industrial control cabinet 1 regulates and controls the third heating module 57 according to the temperature measured by the third temperature sensor 55, the substrate 54 is fixed on the XY axis moving system, and the substrate is driven to move by the XY axis synchronous motor 53.
The storage and delivery module 3 comprises a second ultrasonic transducer 31, a second amplitude transformer 32, a cooling water outlet 33, a storage tank 34, a wolf tooth rod type ultrasonic tool head 35, a first heating module 36, a heat insulation tile 37, a molding material mixture 38, a second temperature sensor 39, a feeding motor 41, a pushing device 42, a pushing screw rod 43, a conveying pipe 44, an electromagnetic valve 45, a flow regulator 46 and an argon bottle 47. The second ultrasonic transducer 31 is fixed on the Z-axis bracket 28, the second ultrasonic transducer 31 is connected with the second amplitude transformer 32, a second cooling water inlet and outlet 33 is arranged at one position of the second amplitude transformer 32 close to the second ultrasonic transducer 31, the position is above and below, and is used for reducing the temperature on the second amplitude transformer 32, the second amplitude transformer 32 is connected with the wolf tooth rod type ultrasonic tool head 35 and is arranged in the storage tank 34, the vibration of the wolf tooth rod type ultrasonic tool head 35 can play a role in stirring ceramic particles and liquid metal, so as to promote the uniform distribution of the ceramic particles in the liquid metal, the argon cylinder 47 is connected with the storage tank 34, an electromagnetic valve 45 and a flow regulator 46 are arranged between the argon cylinder 47 and the storage tank 34 to regulate and control the argon gas, the argon gas is mainly used for avoiding the oxidation of the easily oxidizable metal, and the first heating module 36 heats the storage tank 34, the heat insulation tile 37 is coated around the first heating module 36 and the second heating module 25 to play a role of heat insulation, after the metal in the molding material mixture 38 is melted, the feeding motor 41 drives the pushing screw rod 43 in the pushing device 42 to extrude the molding material mixture 38 into the feeding pipe 44, and finally the molding material mixture is fed to the printing nozzle 26.
The second embodiment is as follows: the printing process of the printing nozzle 26 of the present embodiment is described with reference to fig. 3 and 4, the diameter of the liquid mixture outflow pipe at the printing nozzle is in the range of 20 μm to 1000 μm, the outflow pipe and the plane 262 of the printing nozzle are transited by the circular chamfer 261, the radius of the circular chamfer 261 is 50 μm to 600 μm, the circular chamfer 262 can make the transition of the extrusion process smoother along with the movement of the platform, meanwhile, because the ultrasonic action distance is limited, the printing distance is generally 100 μm and 300 μm, under such a narrow gap, the liquid metal is more inclined to flow down the plane 262, the extruded liquid metal is in close contact with the plane 262, the up-and-down ultrasonic vibration of the plane 262 can cause the internal flow of the liquid metal to play a role of stirring, the powder particles are uniformly distributed, meanwhile, the input of ultrasonic waves can cause the cavitation effect of the liquid metal, the instantaneous local high temperature and high pressure caused by the collapse of a large amount of cavitation bubbles can cause the wetting and bonding of the powder, meanwhile, the oxide film on the surface of the aluminum is rapidly broken, and the process time can be realized within 1s, so that the micro-fusion connection is formed with the previous layer of aluminum-based composite material, the periphery of the printing nozzle is provided with a round chamfer 263, and the chamfer radius of the chamfer 263 is 1000 mu m. Other components and connections are the same as in the first embodiment.
The third concrete implementation mode: the embodiment is described by combining fig. 1 to 4, and provides an ultrasonic-assisted 3D printing method for an aluminum matrix composite, wherein the temperature which is 20-100 ℃ higher than the melting point of a metal material to be printed is selected as the printing temperature, the preheating temperature of a substrate is 50-200 ℃ lower than the melting point of the metal material, and the printing speed is 5-20 cm/min. 3D printing that can realize that base member aluminum alloy raw and other materials size is unrestricted prepares aluminium base composite and part. Through stirring the shaping material mixture 38 adopts the mode of supersound in advance to obtain more even mixture of mixing, and set for printing parameter, improve printing quality.
The fourth concrete implementation mode: the present embodiment will be described with reference to fig. 1 to 4, and the printing step of the present embodiment:
s1: putting pure aluminum or aluminum alloy and powder particles in a corresponding proportion into the storage tank 34, and opening the electromagnetic valve 45 to fill a certain amount of argon into the storage tank 34;
s2: opening the first heating module storage tank 34 and the third heating module 63 on the printing substrate 54, and heating to a set temperature;
wherein the printing temperature is set to be 20-100 ℃ higher than the melting point of the metal material to be printed,
the preheating temperature of the substrate 54 is 50 to 200 c lower than the melting point of the metal material,
the printing speed is 5-20 cm/min;
s3: turning on the second ultrasonic transducer 31 to ultrasonically stir the molding material mixture 38;
s4: moving the platform to a designated position, adjusting the height of the printing nozzle 26, turning on the ultrasonic transducer 21 and the pushing motor 41, wherein the amplitude of the ultrasonic tool head 24 is adjustable at 2-15 μm, and the frequency is adjustable at 10-100 kHz;
s5: according to the size requirement of the part, under the control of the industrial control cabinet 1, printing the corresponding aluminum-based composite material 71 at a specified position;
s6: setting corresponding stirring ultrasonic amplitude and ultrasonic frequency according to different volume fractions of powder particles in the aluminum-based composite material, recalibrating the height after printing one layer, and printing the next layer after staying for 5 s;
s7: sequentially executing steps S5-S6 after printing of each layer is completed until the printing of the parts of the aluminum matrix composite material is completed;
s8: taking down the printed part blank 61;
s9: and machining the part with the uneven surface of the blank piece 61 by a machining method to finally obtain the aluminum matrix composite part with the geometric dimension meeting the requirement.
The fifth concrete implementation mode: in the present embodiment, the pure aluminum or the aluminum alloy put into the storage tank 34 in S1 of the present embodiment is a block or a powder, which is described with reference to fig. 1 to 4. The size of the powder particles put into the storage tank 34 in the S1 is 5-30 μm, and the powder is ceramic particles or graphene materials or diamond particles.
The sixth specific implementation mode: referring to fig. 1 to 4, the embodiment will be described, and in step S6 of the embodiment, the amplitude and frequency of the ultrasonic wolf tooth bar tool head 36 are adjusted according to the volume fraction of the ceramic particles in the aluminum matrix composite, and the amplitude of the ultrasonic wolf tooth bar tool head 35 is 2 to 20 μm and the frequency is 10 to 60 kHz.
The seventh embodiment: the present embodiment will be described with reference to fig. 1 to 4, and the powder particles of the present embodiment are SiC powder and Al powder2O3Powder, nano-scale graphene sheets/tubes, or diamond particles.
The specific implementation mode is eight: describing the present embodiment with reference to fig. 1 to 4, the present embodiment 3D prints a 30% volume fraction of SiC particle reinforced 6061 Al-based composite part:
the method comprises the following steps: converting the 3D drawing to be printed into a format which can be identified by computer control system software, and inputting the format into a computer control system;
step two: adding SiC powder and 6061 powder into the storage tank 34, wherein the SiC powder has the diameter ranging from 5 to 40 mu m, the particle diameter selected in the example is 20 to 30 mu m, the particle size of the aluminum alloy is 5 to 1000 mu m, or adding blocks with the size smaller than the diameter of the storage tank 34, and distributing the SiC powder in the gaps of the aluminum alloy, the particle size selected in the example is 500-800 mu m;
step three: setting the rotation speed of the feeding motor 41 to determine the flow rate of the molding material mixture 38 at the volume fraction, adjusting the flow regulator 46, and opening the electromagnetic valve 45 to perform gas protection on the molding material mixture 38, wherein the rotation speed of the feeding motor is 20r/min in the example, the gas flow rate is in the range of 0-25L/min, the flow regulator 46 is adjusted to be 5L/min 2 minutes before heating in the example, and the heating and working period is 2L/min;
step four: the storage tank 34, the ultrasonic tool head 24 and the base plate 54 are heated by opening the switches of the first heating module 25, the second heating module 36 and the third heating module 57 on the tool control cabinet 1 at the fastest heating speed of 10 ℃/s, in this example, the heating speed is 5 ℃/s. Setting the temperature of the material storage tank 34 and the ultrasonic tool head 24 to be 700 ℃, and setting the temperature of the substrate 54 to be 400 ℃;
step five: after the metal in the storage tank 34 is completely melted, turning on a power supply of a second ultrasonic transducer 31 to ultrasonically stir the molding material mixture 38, wherein the amplitude of the wolf tooth rod type ultrasonic tool head 35 is 2-20 microns, the frequency is 10-60kHz, the amplitude is 7 microns in the example, and the frequency is 20 kHz;
step six: move the print nozzle on the ultrasonic tool head 24 to the designated position, determine the distance through the laser range finder 52, the measurement accuracy is not less than 0.01mm, the measurement focal length is not less than 100mm, the adjustable range is: the distance between the nozzle and the printing plane is adjustable from 0.1 mm to 5mm, and in order to improve the precision, 0.1 mm to 0.3mm is generally selected as the optimal distance, and the middle distance in the example is selected to be 0.2 mm;
step seven: turning on the power supply of the feeding motor 41 and the first ultrasonic transducer 21, turning on the three-dimensional moving system for printing when liquid metal flows out, wherein the amplitude of the ultrasonic tool head 24 is 2-15 μm and the frequency is 10-100kHz, in the example, the amplitude is 6 μm and the frequency is 20 kHz;
step eight: after one layer is printed, the next layer is printed after being cooled for 5 seconds, and collapse of a printing plane caused by solidification failure of the previous layer of liquid aluminum is avoided;
step nine: repeating the sixth step, the seventh step and the eighth step until the printing of the aluminum matrix composite material part is completed;
step eight: and (3) taking down the aluminum matrix composite part 61, and carrying out corresponding machining treatment on the position of which the surface roughness and the shape do not meet the requirements to finally obtain the SiC particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite part meeting the requirements.
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, which are described in the above-described embodiments and the description only to represent the principle of the present invention, and various changes and modifications may be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and these changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention to be protected. Improvements and modifications within the scope of the invention should be understood as falling within the scope of the invention.

Claims (14)

1. A molding material co-feeding type aluminum matrix composite 3D printing device comprises a three-dimensional moving module; the method is characterized in that: the ultrasonic printing machine further comprises a work control cabinet (1), an ultrasonic auxiliary printing module (2) and a storage and conveying module (3);
the ultrasonic auxiliary printing module (2) comprises a first ultrasonic transducer (21), a first amplitude transformer (22), an ultrasonic tool head (24), a second heating module (25), a printing nozzle (26), a second temperature sensor (27) and a substrate (54);
a Z-axis support (28) and an XY-axis moving system (56) of the three-dimensional moving module are arranged up and down, a first ultrasonic transducer (21) is installed on the Z-axis support (28), the lower end of the first ultrasonic transducer (21) is connected with a first amplitude transformer (22), a first cooling water inlet/outlet (23) is formed in the first amplitude transformer (22), the lower end of the first amplitude transformer (22) is connected with an ultrasonic tool head (24), the ultrasonic tool head (24) enables ultrasonic to act on a printing nozzle (26) located at the lower end of the ultrasonic tool head (24), a second temperature sensor (27) is installed at the lower part of the ultrasonic tool head (24), and a second heating module (25) is sleeved on the ultrasonic tool head (24); a heatable substrate (54) mounted on an XY-axis moving system (56) of the three-dimensional moving module is arranged right below the printing nozzle (26);
a mixture of powder particles and a liquid aluminum alloy melt as a molding material is loaded in a storage tank (34) mounted on a Z-axis support (28) and provided with an ultrasonic stirring device, a material conveying pipe (44) of the material storage conveying module (3) is connected with the printing nozzle (26) and provides a printing mixture for the printing nozzle (26), the mixture is conveyed to a position to be printed through an ultrasonic sonotrode nozzle, the liquid aluminum alloy melt is wetted and combined with the powder particles under the ultrasonic action and is contacted with the surface to be printed to form connection, wherein the diameter range of the liquid mixture outflow pipe at the printing nozzle (26) is 20-1000 μm, the liquid mixture outflow pipe in the printing nozzle (26) is transited with the plane (262) by a round chamfer (261), the radius of the round chamfer (261) is 50-600 mu m, and the printing interval is 100-300 mu m; the industrial control cabinet (1) controls the printing actions of the ultrasonic auxiliary printing module (2), the storage conveying module (3) and the three-dimensional moving module.
2. The molding material co-feeding type aluminum matrix composite 3D printing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the periphery of the outer edge of the lower end of the printing nozzle (26) is provided with a round chamfer (263), and the chamfer radius of the chamfer (263) is 200 and 1000 mu m.
3. The molding material co-feeding type aluminum-based composite 3D printing apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the material of the ultrasonic tool head (24) is molybdenum alloy or pure niobium or titanium alloy or tungsten alloy.
4. The molding material co-feeding type aluminum matrix composite 3D printing apparatus according to claim 3, wherein: the ultrasonic auxiliary printing module (2) further comprises a third temperature sensor (55) and a third heating module (57), wherein the third heating module (57) is installed in the substrate (54), and the third temperature sensor (55) is installed on the upper portion of the substrate (54).
5. The molding material co-feeding type aluminum-based composite 3D printing apparatus according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that: the storage conveying module (3) comprises a second ultrasonic transducer (31), a second amplitude transformer (32), a storage tank (34), a wolf tooth rod type ultrasonic tool head (35), a first heating module (36), a heat insulation tile (37), a first temperature sensor (39), a feeding motor (41), a pushing device (42), a pushing rotary rod (43), a conveying pipe (44), an electromagnetic valve (45), a flow regulator (46) and an argon bottle (47);
the second ultrasonic transducer (31) is arranged on the Z-axis support (28), the second ultrasonic transducer (31) is positioned on one side of the first ultrasonic transducer (21), the lower end of the second ultrasonic transducer (31) is connected with the upper end of the second amplitude transformer (32), a second cooling water inlet/outlet (33) is formed in the second amplitude transformer (32), the storage tank (34) is arranged on the Z-axis support (28) right below the second amplitude transformer (32), the upper end of the wolf tooth rod type ultrasonic tool head (35) is connected with the lower end of the second amplitude transformer (32), the lower end of the wolf tooth rod type ultrasonic tool head (35) penetrates through the upper cover of the storage tank (34) and then extends into the storage tank (34), the first temperature sensor (39) is arranged at the lower part of the storage tank (34), the argon bottle (47) is connected with the storage tank (34) through a pipeline, and the electromagnetic valve (45) and the flow regulator (46) are respectively arranged on the pipeline;
the first heating module (36) is sleeved on the material storage tank (34), and the heat insulation tile (37) is wrapped on the first heating module (36) and the second heating module (25); the material storage tank (34) is internally provided with a molding material mixture (38);
the pushing device (42) is horizontally arranged at the outlet end of the material storage tank (34), the pushing rotary rod (43) is arranged in the pushing device (42), the feeding motor (41) is arranged on the outer side of the pushing device (42) and connected with the pushing rotary rod (43), one end of the material conveying pipe (44) is connected with the discharge end of the pushing device (42), and the other end of the material conveying pipe (44) extends into the ultrasonic tool head (24) and is connected with the liquid mixture outflow pipe.
6. The molding material co-feeding type aluminum matrix composite 3D printing apparatus according to claim 5, wherein: the powder particles in the molding material mixture (38) are ceramic particles or graphene particles or diamond particles.
7. The molding material co-feeding type aluminum matrix composite 3D printing apparatus according to claim 5 or 6, wherein: the liquid aluminum alloy melt in the molding material mixture (38) is Al alloy, Mg alloy, Zn alloy or Sn alloy.
8. The molding material co-feeding aluminum matrix composite 3D printing apparatus according to claim 7, wherein: the material conveying pipe (44) is a stainless steel corrugated pipe.
9. The molding material co-feeding aluminum matrix composite 3D printing apparatus according to claim 8, wherein: the pushing end of the mixture outlet of the pushing device (42) is conical.
10. The molding material co-feeding type aluminum-based composite 3D printing apparatus according to claim 1 or 9, characterized in that: the three-dimensional moving module comprises a Z-axis synchronous motor (51), an XY-axis synchronous motor (53), a Z-axis bracket (28), a laser range finder (52) and an XY-axis moving system (56); the Z-axis synchronous motor (51) is installed on the Z-axis support (28) and drives the ultrasonic auxiliary printing module (2) and the storage conveying module (3) to move in the vertical direction, the XY-axis synchronous motor (53) is connected with the XY-axis moving system (56) and drives the substrate (54) to move in the XY-axis direction, and the laser range finder (52) is installed on the Z-axis support (28) and moves simultaneously with the ultrasonic tool head (24).
11. A printing method using the molding material co-feeding type aluminum matrix composite 3D printing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that: it comprises the following printing steps:
s1: pure aluminum or aluminum alloy and powder particles with corresponding proportion are put into a storage tank (34), and a solenoid valve (45) is opened to fill certain argon into the storage tank (34);
s2: opening the first heating module storage tank (34) and a third heating module (63) on the printing substrate (54) and heating to a set temperature;
wherein the printing temperature is set to be 20-100 ℃ higher than the melting point of the metal material to be printed,
the preheating temperature of the substrate (54) is 50-200 ℃ lower than the melting point of the metal material,
the printing speed is 5-20 cm/min;
s3: opening a second ultrasonic transducer (31) to carry out ultrasonic stirring on the molding material mixture (38);
s4: moving the platform to a designated position, adjusting the height of a printing nozzle (26), turning on an ultrasonic transducer (21) and a pushing motor (41), wherein the amplitude of an ultrasonic tool head (24) is adjustable at 2-15 mu m, and the frequency is adjustable at 10-100 kHz;
s5: according to the size requirement of the part, under the control of the industrial control cabinet (1), printing a corresponding aluminum-based composite material (71) at a specified position;
s6: setting corresponding stirring ultrasonic amplitude and ultrasonic frequency according to different volume fractions of powder particles in the aluminum-based composite material, recalibrating the height after printing one layer, and printing the next layer after staying for 5 s;
s7: sequentially executing steps S5-S6 after printing of each layer is completed until the printing of the parts of the aluminum matrix composite material is completed;
s8: removing the printed part blank (61);
s9: and (3) machining the part with the uneven surface of the blank (61) by a machining method to finally obtain the aluminum matrix composite material part with the geometric dimension meeting the requirement.
12. The printing method using the molding material co-feeding type aluminum-based composite 3D printing apparatus according to claim 11, characterized in that: s1, pure aluminum or aluminum alloy is put into the material storage tank (34) to be block or powder.
13. The printing method using the molding material co-feeding type aluminum-based composite 3D printing apparatus according to claim 12, characterized in that: the size of the powder particles put into the storage tank (34) in the S1 is 5-30 mu m, and the powder is ceramic particles or graphene materials or diamond particles.
14. The printing method using the molding material co-feeding type aluminum-based composite 3D printing apparatus according to claim 13, characterized in that: in step S6, according to the different volume fractions of the ceramic particles in the aluminum matrix composite, the amplitude and frequency of the wolf tooth bar type ultrasonic tool head (36) need to be adjusted, the amplitude of the wolf tooth bar type ultrasonic tool head (35) is 2-20 μm, and the frequency is 10-60 kHz.
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