CN110914382A - 包含具有红线发射磷光体和绿光发射量子点的远程磷光体包的设备 - Google Patents
包含具有红线发射磷光体和绿光发射量子点的远程磷光体包的设备 Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
- G02F1/133602—Direct backlight
- G02F1/133603—Direct backlight with LEDs
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- C09K11/88—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials containing selenium, tellurium or unspecified chalcogen elements
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Abstract
本发明的远程磷光体包包含分散在主体基质中的绿光发射量子点材料和式I的Mn4+掺杂磷光体:Ax[MFy]:Mn4+I其中,A是Li、Na、K、Rb、Cs或其组合;M是Si、Ge、Sn、Ti、Zr、Al、Ga、In、Sc、Y、La、Nb、Ta、Bi、Gd或其组合;x是[MFy]离子的电荷的绝对值;和y是5、6或7。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请是2016年3月7日提交的序列号为62/304572的美国临时申请的非临时申请,并要求申请62/304572的优先权,其全文通过引用结合入本文。
背景技术
能效是消费电子领域的关键特征,显示器消耗了很大一部分设备功率。显示器功耗极大地影响了电子显示设备的许多特征,包括移动显示应用中的电池要求以及设备的工作温度和面板寿命,特别是在大型显示应用中。在常规的显示设备中,设备消耗的大部分能量专用于显示器,特别是用于显示器背光单元。常规的磷光体显示出较宽的发射光谱,因此产生的大量光被滤色器滤除,从而产生更清晰的颜色分量。这种广谱过滤会浪费光能,降低亮度,并提高显示器的工作温度。因此,期望色域和亮度的改善。
附图简要说明
图1A示出了具有侧光式(edge lit)背光配置的常规液晶显示器(LCD)。
图1B示出了用于常规LCD的直下式(direct lit)背光配置。
图2示出了根据本发明的背光单元或模块200。
图3示出了根据本发明的背光单元。
发明概述
已经发现,包括本发明的远程磷光体包的背光单元由于有效利用主光,使浪费的光能减少,因此相比于常规的显示器背光单元表现出效率的提高。远程磷光体包包括分散在主体基质中的绿光发射量子点材料和式I的Mn4+掺杂磷光体:
Ax[MFy]:Mn4+
I
其中,
A是Li、Na、K、Rb、Cs或其组合;
M是Si、Ge、Sn、Ti、Zr、Al、Ga、In、Sc、Y、La、Nb、Ta、Bi、Gd或其组合;
x是[MFy]离子的电荷的绝对值;和
y是5、6或7。
发明详述
图1A示出了具有侧光式背光配置的常规液晶显示器(LCD)。LCD100A包括主光源或背光源102,导光板106和LCD面板120。LCD100使用具有控制电子器件的LCD面板120和背光源102来产生彩色图像。背光源102提供白光。
液晶显示面板120包括布置在子像素中的滤色器122,诸如红色滤色器、绿色滤色器和蓝色滤色器。红色、绿色和蓝色滤色器122透射从背光源102入射的具有特定白光波长的光。滤色器122透射与每个滤色器的颜色相对应的光的波长,并吸收其他波长。
LCD面板120还包括前偏振器118,后偏振器114,薄膜晶体管126和液晶116以及电极(未示出)。滤色器122位于液晶116和前偏振器118之间。薄膜晶体管126位于液晶116和后偏振器114之间。每个像素具有用于控制施加到液晶116的电压的对应的晶体管或开关。前偏振器118和后偏振器114可以设置成直角。通常,LCD面板120是不透明的。当在液晶116上施加电压时,棒状聚合物与电场对准并且解扭,使得该电压控制从前偏振器118输出的光。例如,当将电压施加到液晶116时,液晶116旋转,使得存在从前偏振器118输出的光。
背光源102包括一个或多个蓝光LED和由蓝光LED泵浦的黄光磷光体,以发射用于LCD 100的白光。来自背光源102的白光向导光板106行进,通过扩散膜110和棱镜108以及双增亮膜124,其为液晶显示面板120提供均匀的光背光。或者,背光源102可以包括向导光板106提供白光的白光LED。白光LED可以使用具有广谱黄光磷光体的蓝光LED或具有红光和绿光磷光体的蓝光LED。
图1B示出了用于常规LCD的直下式背光配置。如图所示,其与侧光式配置100B的主要区别包括多个LED的不同布置以及不存在导光板106。更具体地,LED 102被布置为直接向扩散板126提供光,扩散板126通常比扩散膜110厚,因此支撑扩散膜110。
图2示出了根据本发明的背光单元或模块200,其包括光源202,导光板204,远程磷光体包206,二向色滤光器210和LCD面板216。背光单元200还可以任选地包括棱镜212和双增亮膜214。光源202是发射蓝光的LED。为了产生均匀的照明,来自光源202的蓝光首先穿过导光板204,该导光板204扩散蓝光。与常规LCD 100的LCD面板120相似,LCD面板216也包括布置在子像素中的滤色器,前偏振器,后偏振器和液晶以及电极。通常,LCD面板216和双增亮膜214之间存在空气间隙。双增亮膜214是反射型偏振膜,其通过反复将任何未偏振的光反射回去来提高效率,否则这些未偏振的光会被LCD的后偏振器吸收。将双增亮膜214放置在液晶显示面板216的后面,并且在它们之间没有任何其他膜。可以以其透射轴基本平行于后偏振器的透射轴的方式安装双增亮膜214。双增亮膜214有助于再循环通常将被液晶面板216的后偏振器(未示出)吸收的白光222,从而增加液晶显示面板216的亮度。
本领域技术人员将理解,根据本发明的背光单元可以在配置上有所变化。例如,可以使用直下式配置,类似于图1B所示的直下式配置。在另一实施方式中,棱镜212也可以去除或被其他增亮部件代替。在另一个实施方式中,可以去除双增亮膜214。
与常规LCD 100不同,不使用红光磷光体110A和绿光磷光体110B,而是使用远程磷光体包206,其包括式I的复合氟化物磷光体的颗粒208A和绿光量子点材料的颗粒208B。“远程”的意思是指主光源和磷光体材料是各自独立的元件,磷光体材料不与主光源整合为单个元件。主光从主光源发出,行进通过一个或多个外部介质,以将LED光源辐射耦合到QD磷光体材料。
基于由Mn4+激活的复合氟化物材料的红光发射磷光体(例如US7,358,542,US 7,497,973和US 7,648,649中所述的那些)强烈吸收蓝光,并有效地在约610纳米至635纳米之间发射,几乎没有深红光/NIR发射。式I的复合氟化物磷光体具有包含配位中心并且该配位中心被作为配体的氟化物离子包围的主晶格,并在必要时通过抗衡离子(A)进行电荷补偿。例如,在K2[SiF6]中,配位中心是Si,抗衡离子是K。有时将复合氟化物表示为简单的二元氟化物的组合,但这种表达并不表示配位中心周围配体的配位数。方括号(为简单起见偶尔省略)表明它们所包含的复合离子是一种新的化学物质,与简单的氟化物离子不同。Mn4+掺杂剂或活化剂充当额外的配位中心,取代了一部分配位中心(例如Si),从而形成了发光中心。主晶格(包括抗衡离子)可以进一步改变活化剂离子的激发和发射性质。
式I的抗衡离子是Li、Na、K、Rb、Cs或其组合,且y是6。在某些实施方式中,A是Na、K、Rb或其组合。式I的配位中心M是选自下组的元素:Si、Ge、Ti、Zr、Hf、Sn、Al、Ga、In、Sc、Y、Bi、La、Gd、Nb、Ta及其组合。在某些实施方式中,M是Si、Ge、Ti或其组合。式I的磷光体的例子包括K2[SiF6]:Mn4+、K2[TiF6]:Mn4+、K2[SnF6]:Mn4+、Cs2[TiF6]:Mn4+、Rb2[TiF6]:Mn4+、Cs2[SiF6]:Mn4+、Rb2[SiF6]:Mn4+、Na2[TiF6]:Mn4+、Na2[ZrF6]:Mn4+、K3[ZrF7]:Mn4+、K3[BiF7]:Mn4+、K3[YF7]:Mn4+、K3[LaF7]:Mn4+、K3[GdF7]:Mn4+、K3[NbF7]:Mn4+、K3[TaF7]:Mn4+。在某些实施方式中,式I的磷光体是K2[SiF6]:Mn4+。
用于远程磷光体包的QD材料包括至少一组QD,这些QD能够在被蓝光源激发后发射绿光。可以调节QD波长和浓度以满足所需的光学性能。优选的QD特性包括高量子效率(例如,约90%或更高),连续且可调的发射光谱,以及窄而尖锐的光谱发射,例如小于40nm,30nm或更小,或20nm或更小的半峰全宽(FWHM)。
发射绿光的量子点材料可包括II-VI族化合物,III-V族化合物,IV-IV族化合物,IV族化合物,I-III-VI2族化合物或其混合物。II-VI族化合物的非限制性例子包括CdSe、CdTe、CdS、ZnSe、ZnTe、ZnS、HgTe、HgS、HgSe、CdSeTe、CdSTe、ZnSeS、ZnSeTe、ZnSTe、HgSeS、HgSeTe、HgSTe、CdZnS、CdZnSe、CdZnTe、CdHgS、CdHgSe、CdHgTe、HgZnS、HgZnSe、HgZnTe、CdZnSeS、CdZnSeTe、CdZnSTe、CdHgSeS、CdHgSeTe、CdHgSTe、HgZnSeS、HgZnSeTe、HgZnSTe或其组合。III-V族化合物可选自下组:GaN、GaP、GaAs、AlN、AlP、AlAs、InN、InP、InAs、GaNP、GaNAs、GaPAs、AlNP、AlNAs、AlPAs、InNP、InNAs、InPAs、GaAlNP、GaAlNAs、GaAlPAs、GalnNP、GalnNAs、GalnPAs、InAlNP、InAlNAs、InAlPAs及其组合。IV族化合物的例子包括Si、Ge、SiC和SiGe。I-III-VI2族黄铜矿型化合物的例子包括CuInS2、CuInSe2、CuGaS2、CuGaSe2、AgInS2、AgInSe2、AgGaS2、AgGaSe2及其组合。
用于远程包的QD可以是核/壳QD,其包括核,至少一个涂覆在核上的壳,和包含一种或多种配体的外涂层,所述配体优选是有机聚合物配体。用于制备核-壳QD的示例性材料包括但不限于Si、Ge、Sn、Se、Te、B、C(包括金刚石)、P、Co、Au、BN、BP、BAs、AlN、AlP、AlAs、AlSb、GaN、GaP、GaAs、GaSb、InN、InP、InAs、InSb、AlN、AlP、AlAs、AlSb、GaN、GaP、GaAs、GaSb、ZnO、ZnS、ZnSe、ZnTe、CdS、CdSe、CdSeZn、CdTe、HgS、HgSe、HgTe、BeS、BeSe、BeTe、MgS、MgSe、MnS、MnSe、GeS、GeSe、GeTe、SnS、SnSe、SnTe、PbO、PbS、PbSe、PbTe、CuF、CuCl、CuBr、CuI、Si3N4、Ge3N4、Al2O3、(Al,Ga,In)2(S,Se,Te)3、Al2CO以及两种或更多种这样的材料的适当组合。示例性核-壳QD包括但不限于CdSe/ZnS、CdSe/CdS、CdSe/CdS/ZnS、CdSeZn/CdS/ZnS、CdSeZn/ZnS、InP/ZnS、PbSe/PbS、PbSe/PbS、CdTe/CdS和CdTe/ZnS。
QD材料通常包括与其表面结合、配合、缔合或附着于其表面的配体。具体地,QD可以包括包含配体的涂层,以保护QD免受环境条件的影响,所述环境条件包括升高的温度,高强度光,外部气体和水分,控制聚集,并允许QD在基质材料中分散。
在一些实施方式中,根据本发明的远程磷光体包可以包含窄绿光发射磷光体材料,以代替量子点材料或与量子点材料一起使用。合适的绿光发射磷光体的例子包括CdS:In、SrGa2S4:Eu、CaSO4:Bi、SrS:Mn、ZnS:Eu和CaGa2S4:Eu。
远程磷光体包材料还包括其中嵌入或以其他方式设置了QD-磷光体材料的基质材料。合适的基质材料是透明的,不泛黄的,并且与背光单元组件(包括QD和任何周围的包装材料或层)在化学和光学上兼容。优选的基质材料具有低的氧气和湿气渗透性,表现出高的光稳定性和化学稳定性,表现出良好的折射率,并粘附在与QD磷光体材料相邻的阻挡层或其他层上,从而提供了气密性密封来保护QD-磷光体材料。
用于本发明的QD磷光体材料的基质材料的例子包括环氧树脂,丙烯酸酯,降冰片烯,聚乙烯,聚(乙烯醇缩丁醛):聚(乙酸乙烯酯),聚脲,聚氨酯;硅酮和硅酮衍生物,包括但不限于氨基硅酮(AMS),聚苯基甲基硅氧烷,聚苯基烷基硅氧烷,聚二苯基硅氧烷,聚二烷基硅氧烷,倍半硅氧烷,氟化硅酮,以及乙烯基和氢化物取代的硅酮;由单体形成的丙烯酸类聚合物和共聚物,这些单体包括但不限于甲基丙烯酸甲酯,甲基丙烯酸丁酯和甲基丙烯酸月桂酯;苯乙烯基聚合物,例如聚苯乙烯,氨基聚苯乙烯(APS)和聚(丙烯腈-乙烯-苯乙烯)(AES);与双官能单体交联的聚合物,所述双官能单体例如是二乙烯基苯;适用于交联配体材料的交联剂,与配体胺(例如APS或PEI配体胺)结合形成环氧聚合物的环氧化物。
参考图3,根据本发明的背光单元300包括背板2,以及安装在背板2中的导光板4、LED光源6、安装支架8和条形式的远程磷光体包10。通过安装支架8将远程磷光体包10安装在导光板4和LED光源6之间,由此从背光源6发出的光透射穿过复合材料10,然后进入导光板4。背光单元可以进一步包括设置在导光板4和背板2之间的底部反射板14和设置在导光板4上方的光学膜组件16。
虽然本文仅说明和描述了本发明的某些特征,但是本领域技术人员将想到许多修改和变化。因此,应该理解,所附权利要求旨在覆盖落入本发明的真正精神内的所有这些修改和变化。
Claims (15)
1.一种背光单元,其包括半导体光源和辐射耦合至LED光源的远程磷光体包;所述远程磷光体包包含分散在主体基质中的绿光发射量子点材料和式I的Mn4+掺杂磷光体:
Ax[MFy]:Mn4+
I
其中,
A是Li、Na、K、Rb、Cs或其组合;
M是Si、Ge、Sn、Ti、Zr、Al、Ga、In、Sc、Y、La、Nb、Ta、Bi、Gd或其组合;
x是[MFy]离子的电荷的绝对值;和
y是5、6或7。
2.如权利要求1所述的背光单元,其中,颜色稳定的Mn4+掺杂磷光体是K2SiF6:Mn4+。
3.如权利要求1所述的背光单元,其中,所述量子点材料包括CdSe。
4.如权利要求1所述的背光单元,其中,所述量子点材料包括InP。
5.一种远程磷光体包,其包含分散在主体基质中的绿光发射量子点材料和式I的Mn4+掺杂磷光体:
Ax[MFy]:Mn4+
I
其中,
A是Li、Na、K、Rb、Cs或其组合;
M是Si、Ge、Sn、Ti、Zr、Al、Ga、In、Sc、Y、La、Nb、Ta、Bi、Gd或其组合;
x是[MFy]离子的电荷的绝对值;和
y是5、6或7。
6.如权利要求5所述的远程磷光体包,其中,颜色稳定的Mn4+掺杂磷光体是K2SiF6:Mn4+。
7.一种包括LED光源的设备,所述LED光源辐射耦合至如权利要求5所述的远程磷光体包。
8.一种包括如权利要求7所述的设备的背光单元。
9.一种包括如权利要求8所述的背光单元的电子设备。
10.一种包括半导体光源的设备,所述半导体光源辐射耦合至绿光发射量子材料和式I的Mn4+掺杂磷光体,
Ax[MFy]:Mn4+
I
所述绿光发射量子点材料包括II-VI族化合物,III-V族化合物,IV族化合物,I-III-VI2族化合物或其混合物;
其中,
A是Li、Na、K、Rb、Cs或其组合;
M是Si、Ge、Sn、Ti、Zr、Al、Ga、In、Sc、Y、La、Nb、Ta、Bi、Gd或其组合;
x是[MFy]离子的电荷的绝对值;和
y是5、6或7。
11.如权利要求10所述的设备,其中,颜色稳定的Mn4+掺杂磷光体是K2SiF6:Mn4+。
12.如权利要求10所述的设备,其中,所述量子点材料包括CdSe。
13.如权利要求10所述的设备,其中,所述量子点材料包括InP。
14.一种包括如权利要求10所述的设备的背光单元。
15.一种包括如权利要求14所述的背光单元的电子设备。
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