CN110911775B - 基于太阳能天窗的动力电池冷却***和方法 - Google Patents

基于太阳能天窗的动力电池冷却***和方法 Download PDF

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CN110911775B
CN110911775B CN201811080011.XA CN201811080011A CN110911775B CN 110911775 B CN110911775 B CN 110911775B CN 201811080011 A CN201811080011 A CN 201811080011A CN 110911775 B CN110911775 B CN 110911775B
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power
power battery
cooling
solar
sunroof
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CN110911775A (zh
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梁海波
李佳
张涛
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Volvo Car Corp
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Abstract

一种用在电动车辆中的动力电池冷却***，包括：冷却回路，其用于冷却电动车辆的动力电池；太阳能天窗；天窗控制单元，其能够控制冷却回路的运转和太阳能天窗的电能输出；其中，所述天窗控制单元配置成在动力电池处于非高压电输出状态、且动力电池的温度高于一温度阈值时，启动基于太阳能天窗的动力电池冷却操作，所述动力电池冷却操作包括：控制太阳能天窗向冷却回路输出电能，使得冷却回路利用来自太阳能天窗的电能执行动力电池的冷却。

Description

基于太阳能天窗的动力电池冷却***和方法
技术领域
本申请涉及一种用在电动车辆中的基于太阳能天窗的动力电池冷却***和方法。
背景技术
目前已有各种电动车辆，例如纯电动车辆、混合动力车辆等等。相对传统燃油车辆而言，电动车辆对环境影响较小，因而应用前景被广泛看好。
现有电动车辆的动力电池对工作温度的要求比较苛刻。在动力电池温度过高的情况下，动力电池出于保护自己的目的禁止向外输出电能。当用户在夏季将电动车辆停放在阳光下长时间暴晒，势必会导致车内及其动力电池内部温度的升高，极有可能导致动力电池内部温度高于准许车辆启动的最高值，这种情况下车辆将不能启动。因此，动力电池通常配备有冷却***，用于将动力电池的温度维持在预定区间内。动力电池的冷却***是利用车辆的低压辅助电池或是动力电池本身提供的电能工作的。在高温环境下，在利用冷却***冷却动力电池会消耗辅助电池或动力电池的大量电能，这可能导致电池电量下降明显，从而影响车辆其它用电设备的性能或纯电续驶里程。并且，在仅利用辅助电池冷却动力电池的情况下，如果辅助电池电量不足，甚至可能无法将动力电池的温度降到准许车辆启动的最高值以下，因而车辆无法启动。
另一方面，目前有些车辆配备了太阳能天窗，即在车辆天窗的玻璃下方设置有太阳能电池。目前的太阳能天窗收集的太阳能转化的电能主要用来驱动车内的通风***持续运行，维持车内舒适的温度环境，同时还可避免车内的零部件高温下散发出有害气体，并延长内饰件和汽车电子的使用寿命。此外，太阳能天窗产生的电能还可用于给车辆的辅助电池充电。
发明内容
本申请的一个目的是提供一种动力电池冷却***，其能够借助太阳能天窗产生的电能有效地冷却动力电池。
为此，本申请在其一个方面提供了一种用在电动车辆中的动力电池冷却***，包括：冷却回路，其用于冷却电动车辆的动力电池；太阳能天窗；以及天窗控制单元，其能够控制冷却回路的运转和太阳能天窗的电能输出；其中，所述天窗控制单元配置成在动力电池处于非高压电输出状态、且动力电池的温度高于一温度阈值时，启动基于太阳能天窗的动力电池冷却操作，所述动力电池冷却操作包括：控制太阳能天窗向冷却回路输出电能，使得冷却回路利用来自太阳能天窗的电能执行动力电池的冷却。
根据一种可行实施方式，所述天窗控制单元配置成接收有关动力电池的电芯温度的信息，并且在电芯温度高于一电芯温度阈值时，允许启动动力电池冷却操作。
根据一种可行实施方式，所述天窗控制单元配置成在动力电池冷却操作中接收有关动力电池的电芯温度的信息，并且接收到的电芯温度低于一设定温度值时结束动力电池冷却操作。
根据一种可行实施方式，所述天窗控制单元配置成在接收到的电芯温度不高于所述温度阈值时，将太阳能天窗置于适于为电动车辆的辅助电池充电的状态。
根据一种可行实施方式，所述天窗控制单元配置成在动力电池处于高压电输出状态时，将太阳能天窗置于适于为电动车辆的辅助电池充电的状态、或是置于不输出电能的闲置状态。
根据一种可行实施方式，所述天窗控制单元配置成接收有关辅助电池的电压或电量的信息，并且在检测到的辅助电池的电压或电量低于相应的阈值时，允许利用太阳能天窗的电能为辅助电池充电。
根据一种可行实施方式，所述天窗控制单元配置成接收辅助电池是否存在故障的信息，并且在辅助电池存在故障时，禁止用太阳能天窗的电能为辅助电池充电。
根据一种可行实施方式，所述冷却回路包含冷却液罐、冷却泵、散热器以及动力电池中的冷却单元，所述冷却泵配置成能够从冷却液罐抽取冷却液，将冷却液泵送到所述冷却单元中，使得冷却液在冷却单元中换热后流经所述散热器再返回冷却液罐，所述冷却泵还配置成在所述动力电池的冷却操作中利用来自太阳能天窗的电能运转。
根据一种可行实施方式，所述天窗控制单元配置成接收冷却回路中是否存在故障的信息，并且在冷却回路中存在故障时，禁用基于太阳能天窗的动力电池冷却操作。
根据一种可行实施方式，所述天窗控制单元配置成以预定的时间间隔检测太阳能天窗的输出功率，并且在太阳能天窗的输出功率不低于最小使能值时允许启动动力电池的冷却操作。
根据一种可行实施方式，所述天窗控制单元配置成接收动力电池是否存在故障的信息，并且在动力电池存在故障时，禁用基于太阳能天窗的动力电池冷却操作。
根据一种可行实施方式，所述天窗控制单元配置成接收车外环境温度信息，并且在车外环境温度低于一设定值时，禁用基于太阳能天窗的动力电池冷却操作。
本申请在其另一个方面提供了一种用在电动车辆中的动力电池冷却方法，其可选地利用前述***执行，所述方法包括：检测车辆动力电池的工作状态、动力电池的温度；在动力电池处于非高压电输出状态、且动力电池的温度高于一温度阈值时，控制太阳能天窗向动力电池的冷却回路输出电能，使得冷却回路利用来自太阳能天窗的电能执行动力电池的冷却。
根据本申请，太阳能天窗吸收太阳能产生的电能不仅可以给车载辅助电池充电，更重要的是可以给动力电池降温。所需能量来自太阳能，不消耗车辆本身能源。此外，利用原有动力电池的冷却***，不需额外增加部件。确保动力电池温度处于舒适区间，有利于动力电池寿命。
附图说明
图1是根据本申请的一种实施方式的基于太阳能天窗的动力电池冷却***的示意性框图。
图2是根据本申请的一种实施方式的基于太阳能天窗的动力电池冷却方法的示意性流程图。
具体实施方式
电动车辆中包括高压动力电池(输出电压通常在200V以上，有的甚至超过1000V)和低压辅助电池(输出电压为12V、24V等)。动力电池用于为车辆的驱动电机供电，驱动电机自身或与发动机组合作为车辆动力源。低压辅助电池用于为车辆的其它用电设备(电控***、照明***、信号***、仪表***、电气设备等等)供电。
本申请提出，在电动车辆中，将太阳能天窗产生的电能用于冷却动力电池。为此，根据本申请的一种可行实施方式的基于太阳能天窗的动力电池冷却***在图1中示意性展示，该动力电池冷却***主要包括太阳能天窗1，其能够将太阳能转化成电能，该电能可被用于冷却电动车辆中的动力电池3，以及天窗控制单元2，其与太阳能天窗1和动力电池3电连接，能够接收有关太阳能天窗1和动力电池3的状态的信息，并且能够控制太阳能天窗1产生的电能的使用(包括动力电池3的冷却)。
天窗控制单元2还与电动车辆的辅助电池4电连接，能够接收有关辅助电池4的状态的信息，并且能够控制太阳能天窗1产生的电能用于辅助电池4的充电。在必要情况下，辅助电池4也可被用于动力电池3的冷却。
动力电池冷却***还包括冷却回路，在该冷却回路包括依次布置的冷却液(例如水)罐6、冷却泵5、动力电池3和散热器7，其中冷却泵5与太阳能天窗1和辅助电池4电连接，用于被来自太阳能天窗1和/或辅助电池4的电能驱动。作为备选方案，冷却泵5还可以用动力电池3自身的电能驱动。
天窗控制单元2也与冷却泵5电连接，从而能够控制冷却泵5的运转。冷却泵5在上游通过抽吸管线连接着冷却液罐6，在下游通过泵送管线连接着动力电池3的冷却单元(例如换热器)的入口。在运转时，冷却泵5从冷却液罐6抽入冷却液，并将冷却液泵送到动力电池3的冷却单元，实现对动力电池3的冷却。动力电池3的冷却单元的出口通过回流管线连接着冷却液罐6，使得在动力电池3的冷却单元处换热升温后的冷却液返回冷却液罐6。散热器7布置在回流管线中，用于给升温后的冷却液降温。
在初始状态，天窗控制单元2配置成每隔一段时间检测太阳能天窗1的输出功率。如果太阳能天窗1的输出功率低于最小使能值，则天窗控制单元2不控制太阳能天窗1输出电能。如果太阳能天窗1的输出功率等于或高于最小使能值，则天窗控制单元2进一步检测动力电池3是否处在高压电输出状态，例如通过车辆钥匙在点火开关中的位置判断。
如果动力电池3处于高压电输出状态，则天窗控制单元2检测辅助电池4的电压状态(辅助电池4的电压状态反映其电量)。如果辅助电池4的电压小于阈值，则天窗控制单元2控制太阳能天窗1为辅助电池4充电；如果辅助电池4的电压不小于阈值，则回到初始状态。或者，在动力电池3处于高压电输出状态时，也可以不利用太阳能天窗1为辅助电池4充电。
另一方面，如果动力电池3处于非高压电输出状态(例如熄火驻车状态，混动车辆的纯发动机驱动状态，等等)，则天窗控制单元2检测动力电池3的温度，例如电芯温度Tc。如果动力电池3的温度、例如电芯温度Tc不高于阈值T1，则重新判断是否用太阳能天窗1产生的电能为辅助电池4充电；如果动力电池3的温度、例如电芯温度Tc高于阈值T1，则天窗控制单元2控制冷却泵5启动、并且太阳能天窗1为冷却泵5供电，即冷却泵5利用太阳能天窗1产生的电能冷却动力电池3。接下来，天窗控制单元2监控电芯温度Tc，并在电芯温度Tc低于阈值T2(T2比T1小一定的温度值)时，停止冷却泵5的运转，回到初始状态。
可以看出，根据本申请，在车辆动力电池3处于非高压电输出状态、且动力电池3温度过高时，利用太阳能天窗1产生的电能冷却动力电池3，不需要消耗辅助电池4的电能；在其它状况下，太阳能天窗1产生的电能可被用于为辅助电池4充电(或是驱动车内通风/空调***等)。冷却泵5、冷却液罐6、散热器7以及冷却回路可以是原有动力电池的冷却***中的相应部分，不需要添加任何零件。
天窗控制单元2还可以接收相关的信息，用于实施控制的辅助判断，例如，***状态信息、车外环境温度信息等等。***状态信息包括动力电池3、辅助电池4及执行机构如冷却泵5的状态等信息，如果动力电池3有故障如绝缘故障，冷却回路中的元件如冷却泵5有故障，或辅助电池4有故障不允许充电，则即使其它条件满足，也不启动太阳能天窗1的充电或冷却功能。车外环境温度信息可以作为参考量加入逻辑控制中，如车辆在天气比较冷的情况下经过长时间运行后停车，此时电芯温度也会很高，但如果此时环境温度较低，就不会启动此功能，让电池尽可能保温。
天窗控制单元2可以构造成单独的控制元件，也可以集成在整车ECU中，构成整车ECU中的一个模块。
基于本申请的原理，本领域技术人员可以对上面描述的动力电池冷却***做出各种修改。
本申请还涉及电动车辆中基于太阳能天窗的动力电池冷却方法，其一种可行流程在图2中示意性展示。下面描述该流程。
首先，在步骤S1，流程开始。
接下来在步骤S2，判断太阳能天窗的输出功率是否等于或高于最小使能值。如果判断结果为“否”，则返回步骤S1；如果判断结果为“是”，则来到步骤S3。
在步骤S3，检查动力电池工作状态。
接下来在步骤S4，判断动力电池是否处于高压电输出状态。如果判断结果为“是”，则来到步骤S5；如果判断结果为“否”，则来到步骤S6。
在步骤S5，判断车辆辅助电池的电压是否低于阈值V1。如果判断结果为“否”，则返回步骤S1；如果判断结果为“是”，则来到步骤S7。在步骤S7，利用太阳能天窗产生的电能为辅助电池充电。根据可选方案，在动力电池处于高压电输出状态时，也可以将步骤S5和S7被替换为一个使得太阳能天窗处在不输出电能的闲置状态的步骤。
在步骤S6，检测动力电池的温度，例如电芯温度Tc。接下来在步骤S8判断动力电池的温度、例如电芯温度Tc是否高于阈值T1。如果判断结果为“否”，则来到步骤S5；如果判断结果为“是”，则来到步骤S9。
在步骤S9，利用太阳能天窗产生的电能执行动力电池的冷却，例如启动冷却泵。
接下来在步骤S10，判断动力电池的温度、例如电芯温度Tc是否低于阈值T2(T2<T1)。如果判断结果为“否”，则返回步骤S9；如果判断结果为“是”，则来到步骤S11。
在步骤S11，结束动力电池的冷却，例如停止冷却泵。
基于本申请的原理，本领域技术人员可以对上面描述的动力电池冷却方法、尤其是各个步骤的细节做出各种修改。例如，有关***状态信息、车外环境温度信息的控制策略可以在所述方法中执行。
可以看到，根据本申请，太阳能天窗吸收太阳能产生的电能不仅可以给车载辅助电池充电，更重要的是可以给动力电池降温。动力电池冷却所需能量来自太阳能，不消耗车辆本身能源，提高了电动车辆的电能使用效率。
此外，根据本申请，利用了原有动力电池的冷却***，不需额外增加部件。确保动力电池温度处于舒适区间，有利于动力电池寿命。
虽然这里参考具体的实施方式描述了本申请，但是本申请的范围并不局限于所示的细节。在不偏离本申请的基本原理的情况下，可针对这些细节做出各种修改。

Claims (11)

1.一种用在电动车辆中的动力电池冷却***，包括：
冷却回路，其用于冷却电动车辆的动力电池；
太阳能天窗；以及
天窗控制单元，其能够控制冷却回路的运转和太阳能天窗的电能输出；
其中，所述天窗控制单元配置成在动力电池处于非高压电输出状态、且动力电池的温度高于一温度阈值时，启动基于太阳能天窗的动力电池冷却操作，所述动力电池冷却操作包括：控制太阳能天窗向冷却回路输出电能，使得冷却回路利用来自太阳能天窗的电能执行动力电池的冷却；
其中，所述天窗控制单元配置成以预定的时间间隔检测太阳能天窗的输出功率，并且在太阳能天窗的输出功率不低于最小使能值时允许启动动力电池的冷却操作。
2.如权利要求1所述的动力电池冷却***，其中，所述天窗控制单元配置成接收有关动力电池的电芯温度的信息，并且在电芯温度高于一电芯温度阈值时，允许启动动力电池冷却操作。
3.如权利要求2所述的动力电池冷却***，其中，所述天窗控制单元配置成在动力电池冷却操作中接收有关动力电池的电芯温度的信息，并且接收到的电芯温度低于一设定温度值时结束动力电池冷却操作。
4.如权利要求2所述的动力电池冷却***，其中，所述天窗控制单元配置成在接收到的电芯温度不高于所述电芯温度阈值时，将太阳能天窗置于适于为电动车辆的辅助电池充电的状态。
5.如权利要求1至3中任一项所述的动力电池冷却***，其中，所述天窗控制单元配置成在动力电池处于高压电输出状态时，将太阳能天窗置于适于为电动车辆的辅助电池充电的状态、或是置于不输出电能的闲置状态。
6.如权利要求4所述的动力电池冷却***，其中，所述天窗控制单元配置成接收有关辅助电池的电压或电量的信息，并且在检测到的辅助电池的电压或电量低于相应的阈值时，允许利用太阳能天窗的电能为辅助电池充电。
7.如权利要求4所述的动力电池冷却***，其中，所述天窗控制单元配置成接收辅助电池是否存在故障的信息，并且在辅助电池存在故障时，禁止用太阳能天窗的电能为辅助电池充电。
8.如权利要求1至3中任一项所述的动力电池冷却***，其中，所述冷却回路包含冷却液罐、冷却泵、散热器以及动力电池中的冷却单元，所述冷却泵配置成能够从冷却液罐抽取冷却液，将冷却液泵送到所述冷却单元中，使得冷却液在冷却单元中换热后流经所述散热器再返回冷却液罐，所述冷却泵还配置成在所述动力电池的冷却操作中利用来自太阳能天窗的电能运转。
9.如权利要求8所述的动力电池冷却***，其中，所述天窗控制单元配置成接收冷却回路中是否存在故障的信息，并且在冷却回路中存在故障时，禁用基于太阳能天窗的动力电池冷却操作。
10.如权利要求1至3中任一项所述的动力电池冷却***，其中，所述天窗控制单元配置成接收动力电池是否存在故障的信息，并且在动力电池存在故障时，禁用基于太阳能天窗的动力电池冷却操作。
11.一种用在电动车辆中的动力电池冷却方法，所述方法包括：
检测车辆动力电池的工作状态、动力电池的温度；
在动力电池处于非高压电输出状态、且动力电池的温度高于一温度阈值时，控制太阳能天窗向动力电池的冷却回路输出电能，使得冷却回路利用来自太阳能天窗的电能执行动力电池的冷却；
其中，以预定的时间间隔检测太阳能天窗的输出功率，并且在太阳能天窗的输出功率不低于最小使能值时允许启动动力电池的冷却操作。
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