CN110907683A - Resonant current sensor for measuring PCB current - Google Patents
Resonant current sensor for measuring PCB current Download PDFInfo
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- CN110907683A CN110907683A CN201911222697.6A CN201911222697A CN110907683A CN 110907683 A CN110907683 A CN 110907683A CN 201911222697 A CN201911222697 A CN 201911222697A CN 110907683 A CN110907683 A CN 110907683A
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- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
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- G01R19/0092—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof measuring current only
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Abstract
The invention discloses a resonant current sensor for measuring PCB current, which comprises 2 resonant current sensitive units, 2 permanent magnets, a ceramic vacuum packaging shell and a PCB, wherein the resonant current sensitive units and the 2 permanent magnets are packaged in the ceramic vacuum packaging shell, the permanent magnets are arranged among the 2 resonant current sensitive units, each resonant current sensitive unit comprises a high-Q-value resonator and a magnetostrictive unit, and the magnetostrictive unit is arranged at the lower side of the high-Q-value resonator; the permanent magnet is set to form a closed magnetic loop, wherein magnetic lines of force are emitted from the N pole of the permanent magnet and return to the S pole of the other permanent magnet through the magnetostrictive unit. The invention adopts an exclusive or mixing differential output mode, and has the characteristics of high sensitivity, effective temperature drift inhibition and strong anti-interference capability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the sensor technology, and particularly relates to a resonant current sensor for measuring PCB current.
Background
In power electronic systems, current sensing technology is the most widely used sensing and measuring technology. Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) are rapidly developed as one of the most basic and active industries in the electronic industry, and are also developed toward ultra-thin type, high density, multi-layer, high performance, etc. with the increasing development of semiconductor design and manufacturing technology. However, while the development speed is high, the PCB industry faces a great challenge, namely, the quality of the PCB. PCB faults can be caused among current tracks, integrated circuits and various components on a circuit board due to a plurality of uncertain factors, if the faults are not eliminated in time, hidden dangers are left in the debugging and using processes to cause larger loss, and the information of the current can play the roles of controlling, monitoring and diagnosing, so that the method has important significance for accurate measurement in the field of electrical and electronic application.
Current sensors commonly used at present can be classified into the following categories according to the measurement principle: one is a current divider based on ohm's law, and the method has a simple structure, but needs to disconnect a circuit, and leads to electric energy loss when the circuit is connected in series. One is a current transformer based on faraday's law of electromagnetic induction and a rogowski coil. The current transformer has the problem that a magnetic core is easy to saturate, and large-scale measurement is difficult to realize; the rogowski coil does not have magnetic core saturation, but is easily interfered by external temperature and magnetic field factors, and the two types of the rogowski coil cannot be used for direct current measurement. Also available are hall current sensors, fluxgate current sensors, giant magnetoresistance current sensors that measure current based on magnetic field measurements. The current sensors also have some application limitations, such as low precision of a hall current sensor, high measurement precision of a fluxgate current sensor but high price, and the thermal drift of the giant magnetoresistance current sensor has great influence on the precision of the sensor. These current sensors output weak analog signals, and require complex circuits and methods such as low-noise signal amplifiers, filters, a/D converters, and digital signal processors to process the sensing signals, which limits their range of use.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a resonant current sensor for measuring PCB current.
The technical solution for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows: a resonant current sensor for measuring PCB current comprises 2 resonant current sensitive units, 2 permanent magnets, a ceramic vacuum packaging shell and a PCB, wherein the resonant current sensitive units and the 2 permanent magnets are packaged in the ceramic vacuum shell, the permanent magnets are arranged among the 2 resonant current sensitive units, each resonant current sensitive unit comprises a high-Q-value resonator and a magnetostrictive unit, and the magnetostrictive unit is arranged on the lower side of the high-Q-value resonator; the permanent magnet is set to have magnetic lines of force sent out by the N pole of the permanent magnet and return to the S pole of the other permanent magnet through the magnetostrictive unit to form a closed magnetic loop; the PCB is arranged below the ceramic vacuum packaging shell and comprises an oscillating circuit, an exclusive or mixing circuit connected with the oscillating circuit and a current-carrying copper trace line used for conducting current, two electrodes at any end of the high-Q resonator are respectively connected with the oscillating circuit, and the exclusive or mixing circuit is used for conducting exclusive or mixing processing on two paths of frequency signals output by the oscillating circuit to obtain differential difference frequency resonance signals of the two paths of signals.
Preferably, an insulating spacer is disposed between the high-Q resonator and the magnetostrictive unit.
Preferably, the insulating spacers are disposed at both ends of the magnetostrictive unit.
Preferably, the high-Q resonator is a quartz resonator.
Preferably, the quartz resonator is a two-beam or multi-beam structure.
Preferably, the length of the magnetostrictive unit is equal to the length of the quartz resonator.
Preferably, the outer side surfaces of the permanent magnets are flush with both end surfaces of the magnetostrictive units, respectively.
Preferably, the magnetostrictive units and the permanent magnets are fixed on the same plane.
Preferably, the ceramic vacuum packaging shell is wound with a rectangular coil.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable advantages: the resonant current sensor provided by the invention outputs digital frequency signals, thus omitting A/D conversion and complex and fussy signal processing circuits and reducing the production cost; the tuning fork resonator made of quartz with a high Q value can vibrate the tuning fork only by extremely low driving power consumption, and a driving circuit is simple; the invention adopts an exclusive or mixing differential output mode, and has the characteristics of high sensitivity, effective temperature drift inhibition and strong anti-interference capability.
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the attached drawings.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural composition diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the ceramic package housing of the resonant current sensor according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural composition diagram of another embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the resonant current sensor and the oscillating circuit according to the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an exclusive-or mixer circuit of the resonant current sensor according to the present invention.
The device comprises a 1-ceramic vacuum packaging shell, a 2-high Q value resonator, a 3-PCB, a 4-permanent magnet, a 5-magnetostrictive unit, a 6-resonant current sensing unit, a 7-driving electrode, an 8-insulating gasket and a 9-rectangular coil.
Detailed Description
A resonant current sensor for PCB current measurement comprises 2 resonant current sensitive units 6, 2 permanent magnets 4, a ceramic vacuum packaging shell 1 and a PCB3, wherein the resonant current sensitive units 6 and the 2 permanent magnets 4 are packaged in the ceramic vacuum packaging shell 1, the permanent magnets 4 are arranged among the 2 resonant current sensitive units 6, each resonant current sensitive unit 6 comprises a high Q value resonator 2 and a magnetostrictive unit 5, and the magnetostrictive unit 5 is arranged on the lower side of the high Q value resonator 2; the permanent magnet 4 is set to have magnetic lines of force sent out by the N pole of the permanent magnet 5 and return to the S pole of the other permanent magnet through the magnetostrictive unit 5 to form a closed magnetic loop; the PCB3 comprises a current-carrying copper trace, an oscillating circuit and an exclusive-or mixing circuit, wherein two electrodes 7 at any end of the high-Q resonator are connected with the oscillating circuit, the oscillating circuit is used for outputting a resonance signal carrying the resonance frequency of the high-Q resonator, and the exclusive-or mixing circuit is used for outputting a resonance signal carrying the difference frequency of the resonance frequency of the high-Q resonator. The invention adopts a working mode of differential output. The two resonant current sensitive units 6 are both connected with an oscillating circuit, the output of the oscillating circuit can be collected through a counter, the difference frequency between the two outputs is obtained after the two outputs pass through an exclusive-or mixer circuit, and the mixer circuit is connected with a frequency meter. When the current on the PCB changes, the external magnetic field also changes, the two paths of output frequency signals change, namely one is increased and the other is decreased, and the influence of the temperature rise caused by the current on the PCB on the two paths of signals is basically the same. The two paths of frequency signals are subjected to XOR and frequency mixing processing to realize the difference of the two paths of signals, the frequency change output after the difference is multiplied, and the influence of temperature is effectively counteracted.
The resonant current sensor has the working principle that: when a current is passed through the PCB3, a magnetic field is generated around the conductor. When the current changes Δ I, the magnetic field changes Δ H. Under the action of a magnetic field, the magnetostrictive unit 5 transmits stress/strain generated by the magnetostrictive effect to the high-Q resonator 2, so that the high-Q resonator 2 is subjected to stretching or compressing action, and the resonance frequency of the high-Q resonator 2 is changed. Two electrodes at any end of the high-Q resonator are connected to an oscillating circuit, the oscillating circuit is used for outputting a resonance signal carrying the resonance frequency of the high-Q resonator, the resonance signal is directly converted into a digital signal through a counter, and the difference frequency of two paths of resonance signals can be obtained through an exclusive-or mixing circuit, so that the current measurement is realized.
In a further embodiment, an insulating spacer 8 is disposed between the high-Q resonator 2 and the magnetostrictive unit 5, and the stress generated by the magnetostrictive unit 5 is applied to the high-Q resonator 2 through the transmission of the insulating spacer 8.
In a further embodiment, the high-Q resonator 2, the insulating spacer 8, and the magnetostrictive unit 5 are bonded together by strong adhesive bonding.
In a further embodiment, said insulating spacers 8 are arranged at both ends of the magnetostrictive unit 5.
In a further embodiment, the high-Q resonator 2 is a quartz resonator.
In a further embodiment, the quartz resonator is a two-beam or multi-beam structure.
In a further embodiment the length of the magnetostrictive unit 5 is equal to the length of the quartz resonator.
In a further embodiment, the magnetostrictive units 5 are rectangular magnetostrictive sheets.
In a further embodiment, the number of magnetostrictive units 5 is two.
In further embodiments, the cross-section of the permanent magnet 4 may be rectangular, circular, etc.
In a further embodiment, the permanent magnet 4 is magnetized in the length direction.
In a further embodiment, the outer side faces of the permanent magnets 4 are flush with the two end faces of the magnetostrictive units 5, respectively.
In a further embodiment, the magnetostrictive unit 5 and the permanent magnet 4 are fixed on the same plane.
In a further embodiment, the ceramic vacuum envelope 1 is wound with a rectangular coil 9.
Preferably, the packaging shell is packaged in a ceramic vacuum mode, and the high-heat-conductivity ceramic material aluminum oxide is adopted, so that the heat dissipation efficiency can be improved, the shell density can be reduced, and the requirements of miniaturization and light weight of devices are met. The ceramic material may also be aluminum nitride, silicon carbide, zirconia, or the like.
Preferably, unpack ceramic package shell apart into a plurality of parts (including upper cover and base plate) and carry out the processing, avoid processing the figure of the different degree of depth, isostructure on a ceramic body, can realize the preparation of complicated shapes such as thin wall, greatly reduced processing degree of difficulty just can guarantee size precision, so can carry out scale batch production, improve production efficiency, reduce manufacturing cost.
Preferably, the ceramic shell with the designed shape is processed by adopting the processes of low-cost grinding and polishing, abrasive wheel cutting, laser cutting and the like.
Furthermore, during curing, all parts are connected into a whole in a high-temperature-resistant glue bonding mode, so that the ceramic packaging body can keep good air tightness. And the electrodes of the quartz crystal and the metal bonding pads of the ceramic baseplate are electrically connected in a one-to-one correspondence mode through gold wires, the interior of the resonator is pumped into a vacuum environment through the vacuum pumping holes, and finally the resonator is sealed through the plugging holes.
Preferably, the ceramic surface can be brazed after metallization, a metallization layer is prepared on the ceramic substrate by one or more of thick film metallization, thin film metallization, direct bonding and active welding processes, and then the ceramic parts are welded together by adopting solders such as silver-based, copper-based, tin-based, lead-based and aluminum-based solders at different temperatures.
The permanent magnet and the magnetostrictive units form an annular closed magnetic circuit structure, magnetic leakage is effectively reduced, and an optimal bias magnetic field is provided for the magnetostrictive units. The magnetic circuit takes the permanent magnet as a magnetic field source, magnetic lines of force are emitted by the N pole of the permanent magnet and return to the S pole of the other permanent magnet through the magnetostrictive units to form a closed magnetic loop, and bias magnetic fields with the same size and opposite directions are provided for the pair of magnetostrictive units.
The ceramic vacuum packaging can avoid air damping of the resonator during vibration, and effectively improves the Q value of the sensor. Meanwhile, the internal environment of the package can be effectively controlled through the vacuum pumping hole plugging, the slow infiltration of water vapor and other influencing factors in the long-term use process is avoided, the service life of the sensor is effectively prolonged, and the long-term reliability of the sensor is ensured.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, a resonant current sensor for PCB current measurement includes a resonant current sensing unit 6, a permanent magnet 4, a ceramic vacuum package housing 1, and a PCB board 3, where the resonant current sensing unit includes 1 magnetostrictive unit 5, 2 quartz spacers 8, and 1 quartz resonator 2. The PCB is distributed with current-carrying copper traces, an oscillating circuit and XOR mixing electricity, and the current sensitive unit 6 and the permanent magnet 4 are directly pasted on the surface of the current-carrying copper traces of the PCB through the substrate.
The quartz resonator 2 is a double-beam quartz tuning fork with two fixed ends, and two ends of the tuning fork are provided with driving electrodes 7 for connecting an external oscillation circuit. The quartz resonator 2 operates in a bending vibration mode, and the vibration directions of the two beams are symmetrically opposite.
The quartz spacers 8 are used as a transmission structure for combining the quartz resonator 2 with the magnetostrictive unit 5 and are respectively positioned at two ends of the magnetostrictive unit 5, one function of the quartz spacers is to separate the vibrating beam in the middle of the quartz resonator 2 from the magnetostrictive unit 5 by a certain distance, so that the vibrating beam in the middle of the quartz resonator 2 can vibrate freely, and the other function of the quartz spacers is to prevent the electrode on the surface of the quartz resonator 2 from contacting with the magnetostrictive unit 5, so as to prevent the electrode from being short-circuited.
The magnetostrictive unit 5 is a rectangular magnetostrictive sheet, and the length of the magnetostrictive unit is equal to that of the quartz resonator.
The magnetostrictive unit 5, the two quartz spacers 8 and the quartz resonator 2 are compounded by bonding with a strong adhesive (such as epoxy resin adhesive) to obtain the composite resonant current sensing unit 6.
The resonant current sensing unit 6 and the two permanent magnets 4 form a closed magnetic circuit and are packaged in the ceramic vacuum shell 1.
As shown in fig. 2, the ceramic vacuum package casing is composed of an upper cover 11, a substrate 12 and a pumping hole 13.
When a current is applied to the current-carrying copper trace on the PCB3, a magnetic field is generated around the conductor, and the stress/strain of the magnetostrictive element 5 due to the magnetostrictive effect is transmitted in the longitudinal direction of the double-ended fixed-tuning-fork resonator 2, so that the double-ended fixed-tuning-fork resonator is subjected to a stretching or compressing action, thereby changing the resonance frequency of the quartz resonator 2. The quartz resonator 2 is connected to an oscillation circuit through a driving electrode 7 (two electrodes at any end) and can directly output digital frequency signals, the difference frequency of the two paths of resonance signals is realized through an exclusive-or mixer circuit, and the difference frequency value can be directly read through a frequency meter to realize the measurement of current.
The gate circuit shown in the dotted line box of fig. 4 serves as an oscillation circuit using a CMOS inverter as an active element. In principle, the oscillating circuit consists of an amplifier and a feedback network. The feedback resistor is used to ensure that the inverter operates in its linear region and can operate as an amplifier. When the closed loop gain is equal to or greater than 1 and the total phase shift of the amplifier and the feedback network is 0 or an integer multiple of 2 pi (360 degrees), the oscillation circuit outputs a digital frequency signal whose frequency depends on the resonance frequency of the quartz resonator 2.
Preferably, the difference frequency processing can be realized by using an exclusive or mixer circuit shown in fig. 5, the two square wave signals pass through an exclusive or gate and then output a PWM (Pulse-Width-Modulated) wave, a low-pass filter is used for filtering a high-frequency component, and then a shaping circuit is used for realizing the difference frequency of the two square wave signals. Let two square wave signals be f (omega)1t) and f (ω)2t), assuming for simplicity that the amplitude of the two square wave signals is l and the phase difference is zero, the two square wave signals are expanded into fourier series, which are:
mixing two square wave signals through an exclusive or gate is equivalent to multiplying the two square wave signals, and the two square wave signals are obtained according to the principle of integration and difference:
Furthermore, a linear relation can be established between the differential output frequency of the quartz tuning fork resonator and the magnitude of the current to be measured, so that the current to be measured on the PCB can be deduced by measuring the differential output frequency of the quartz tuning fork resonator.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 3, the present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that the current to be measured flows through the rectangular coil 9, that is, the resonant current sensing unit and the permanent magnet are packaged in the ceramic housing 1, the rectangular coil 9 is wound around the housing 1, and the coil pins are connected to the on-board copper traces.
Preferably, the fixed tuning fork resonator 2 of the present embodiment has the same structure as that of embodiment 1.
In addition to the advantages described in embodiment 1, embodiment 2 has an advantage of improved sensitivity as compared with embodiment 1.
Claims (9)
1. A resonant current sensor for PCB current measurement is characterized by comprising 2 resonant current sensitive units (6), 2 permanent magnets (4), a ceramic vacuum packaging shell (1) and a PCB (3), wherein the resonant current sensitive units (6) and the 2 permanent magnets (4) are packaged in the ceramic vacuum shell (1), the permanent magnets (4) are arranged among the 2 resonant current sensitive units (6), each resonant current sensitive unit (6) comprises a high-Q-value resonator (2) and a magnetostrictive unit (5), and the magnetostrictive unit (5) is arranged on the lower side of the high-Q-value resonator (2); the permanent magnet (4) is set to be a closed magnetic loop, wherein magnetic lines of force are emitted by the N pole of the permanent magnet (5) and return to the S pole of the other permanent magnet through the magnetostrictive unit (5); PCB board (3) set up in ceramic vacuum packaging shell (1) below, PCB board (3) include oscillating circuit, the XOR mixing circuit who is connected with oscillating circuit and be used for the current-carrying copper trace of circular telegram, two electrodes (7) of the arbitrary one end of high Q value syntonizer are connected with oscillating circuit respectively, XOR mixing circuit is used for carrying out the XOR mixing processing with two way frequency signal of oscillating circuit output and obtains the difference frequency resonance signal of two way signals.
2. Resonant current sensor for PCB current measurement according to claim 1, characterized in that an insulating spacer (8) is arranged between the high Q resonator (2) and the magnetostrictive unit (5).
3. Resonant current sensor for PCB current measurement according to claim 1, characterized in that the insulating spacers (8) are arranged at both ends of the magnetostrictive unit (5).
4. Resonant current sensor for PCB current measurement according to claim 1, characterized in that the high Q resonator (2) is a quartz resonator.
5. A resonant current sensor for PCB current measurement as defined in claim 4 wherein the quartz resonator is a two or more beam structure.
6. Resonant current sensor for PCB current measurement according to claim 4, characterized in that the length of the magnetostrictive unit (5) is equal to the length of the quartz resonator.
7. Resonant current sensor for PCB current measurement according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer side of the permanent magnet (4) is flush with the two end faces of the magnetostrictive unit (5), respectively.
8. Resonant current sensor for PCB current measurement according to claim 1, characterized in that the magnetostrictive unit (5) and the permanent magnet (4) are fixed in the same plane.
9. Resonant current sensor for PCB current measurement according to claim 1, characterized in that the ceramic vacuum envelope (1) is wound with a rectangular coil (9).
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113406194A (en) * | 2021-06-08 | 2021-09-17 | 哈尔滨工业大学（深圳） | Differential magneto-electric eddy current detection sensor |
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