CN110903908A - Preparation method of natural pear essence - Google Patents
Preparation method of natural pear essence Download PDFInfo
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- CN110903908A CN110903908A CN201911285570.9A CN201911285570A CN110903908A CN 110903908 A CN110903908 A CN 110903908A CN 201911285570 A CN201911285570 A CN 201911285570A CN 110903908 A CN110903908 A CN 110903908A
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- 235000014443 Pyrus communis Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 151
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000002137 ultrasound extraction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000004537 pulping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000000967 suction filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000005292 vacuum distillation Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000012259 ether extract Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004506 ultrasonic cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002390 rotary evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009210 therapy by ultrasound Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
- 241000220324 Pyrus Species 0.000 description 126
- 239000000686 essence Substances 0.000 description 27
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 description 25
- 240000001987 Pyrus communis Species 0.000 description 6
- 241000287420 Pyrus x nivalis Species 0.000 description 6
- 239000008213 purified water Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000021017 pears Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002420 orchard Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000009508 confectionery Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000015206 pear juice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000006188 syrup Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020357 syrup Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B9/00—Essential oils; Perfumes
- C11B9/02—Recovery or refining of essential oils from raw materials
- C11B9/025—Recovery by solvent extraction
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D11/00—Solvent extraction
- B01D11/02—Solvent extraction of solids
- B01D11/0261—Solvent extraction of solids comprising vibrating mechanisms, e.g. mechanical, acoustical
- B01D11/0265—Applying ultrasound
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B9/00—Essential oils; Perfumes
- C11B9/02—Recovery or refining of essential oils from raw materials
- C11B9/022—Refining
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Alcoholic Beverages (AREA)
- Preparation Of Fruits And Vegetables (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of natural pear essence, belonging to the technical field of food addition, and the preparation method comprises nine steps of raw material preparation, low-temperature storage, frozen storage, thawing, pulping, ultrasonic-assisted extraction, suction filtration, two-phase separation and distillation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preparation method of natural pear essence, and belongs to the technical field of food addition.
Background
China is a big country for planting pear trees, and pear trees are thin and crisp in pulp, fragrant, sweet and tasty, fragrant and delicious in flavor, rich in nutrition and deeply popular with consumers. At present, in the planting and cultivating process of pear trees, in order to improve the fruit quality, save storage nutrition, reduce flower and fruit dropping and overcome the phenomenon of big and small years of pear tree fruiting, flower thinning is carried out when the pear trees bloom in spring every year, and therefore a large amount of pear flowers are thinned every year. Pear flowers are basically discarded in orchards as waste at present, and great resource waste is caused.
Because the aroma of the pears is relatively light, and meanwhile, the loss of aroma exists when processing products such as pear juice, canned pears, pear syrup and the like are produced, in order to ensure the rich aroma of the pears in the pear processing products, pear essence is usually added into the pear processing products. At present, most of pear essences are prepared by chemical solvents, for example, a pear essence prepared by CN201210279218.6 and a preparation method thereof, and a pear essence prepared by CN201110445565.7 are prepared by chemical solvents, are not natural pear essences, and have certain difference with the fragrance of natural pears.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a preparation method of natural pear essence, which adopts pear flowers as raw materials, not only fully applies the thinned pear flowers, but also makes the fragrance of the pear essence prepared by the pear flowers consistent with the fragrance of the pear fruits with pure fruit fragrance.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a preparation method of natural pear essence is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step A, preparing raw materials: selecting fresh pear flowers which are just thinned, putting the collected fresh pear flowers into a plastic bag, and transporting the fresh pear flowers into a low-temperature storage room within 1-3 hours;
step B, low-temperature storage: after the pear flowers enter a low-temperature storage room, refrigerating the pear flowers at a constant temperature for 4 to 6 days;
step C, freezing and storing: transferring the pear flowers stored at low temperature into a freezer, and freezing at a constant temperature for 60-90 days;
d, unfreezing: transferring the frozen and stored pear flowers to room temperature for natural thawing;
step E, pulping: adding water into the naturally unfrozen pear flower according to 1/8-1/10 of the weight of the pear flower, and pulping by using a tissue triturator to obtain pear flower pulp;
step F, ultrasonic-assisted extraction: adding pear flower pulp into a bottle, and mixing according to a material-liquid ratio of 1: 8-1: 10 adding petroleum ether, and then placing the mixture into an ultrasonic cleaning machine for ultrasonic-assisted extraction;
step G, suction filtration: after extraction is finished, removing particulate matters in the extraction liquid by suction filtration to obtain clear aqueous pear flower extraction liquid;
step H, two-phase separation: standing the pear flower extract at room temperature for 15-20 min, layering a water phase and an organic phase, and discharging the water phase at the lower part of the extract by using a separating funnel to obtain petroleum ether extract of the pear flower;
step I, distillation: and (3) carrying out vacuum distillation on the petroleum ether extract of the pear flower by using a vacuum rotary evaporator, stopping distillation when no petroleum ether condensate flows out from the rotary evaporator, and obtaining orange-yellow liquid at the bottom of the rotary evaporation flask, namely the pear essence.
The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: in the step B, the refrigerating temperature is controlled to be 0-5 ℃.
The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: the freezing temperature in the step C is controlled to be-20 ℃ to-18 ℃.
The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: and F, controlling the ultrasonic-assisted extraction conditions as follows: the extraction temperature is 20-25 ℃, the ultrasonic power is 80-100W, and the ultrasonic treatment is 10-15 min.
The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: in the step I, the vacuum degree of vacuum distillation is 0.1MPa, and the vacuum distillation temperature is 50 ℃.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the technical progress that:
the preparation method comprises nine steps of raw material preparation, low-temperature storage, freezing storage, unfreezing, pulping, ultrasonic-assisted extraction, suction filtration, two-phase separation and distillation, the process is simple and easy to operate, the thinned pear flower can be effectively utilized, and useful pear essence can be prepared.
The preparation raw materials are fresh pear flowers which are just thinned, so that on one hand, the problem that a large amount of pear flowers are discarded in an orchard as waste due to flower thinning of pear trees in spring every year is avoided, the fresh pear flower resources are fully utilized, on the other hand, the fresh pear flowers are used for preparing the pear essence, other chemical components are not added in the middle of the pear essence, the prepared pear essence is naturally extracted, the fragrance is rich, the pear fragrance is pure, and the pear essence is closer to the pure pear fragrance.
The fresh pear flower is stored at low temperature firstly and then is stored in a freezing way, the transition of the pear flower from the low-temperature storage is carried out before the pear flower is frozen, the internal components of the pear flower can be kept from being damaged through the low-temperature storage, the transition from the low-temperature storage to the freezing is carried out, and the pear flower can generate strong pear fragrance after being frozen for a long time.
The distillation process uses the rotary evaporator, because the distillation flask is constantly rotatory under the drive of motor, and liquid attaches to the wall of distiller on, forms the one deck liquid film, has increaseed the area of evaporation, makes the evaporation rate accelerate, simultaneously, controls distilled vacuum degree and distillation temperature in the distillation process, improves the preparation efficiency of pear essence on the one hand, and its vacuum distillation temperature is also controlled to on the other hand, does benefit to the outflow of petroleum ether condensate.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples:
example 1
A preparation method of natural pear essence mainly comprises the following steps:
step A, preparing raw materials: selecting fresh pear flowers which are just thinned, putting the collected fresh pear flowers into a plastic bag, and transporting the fresh pear flowers into a low-temperature storage room within 1 hour;
step B, low-temperature storage: after the pear flowers enter a low-temperature storage room, refrigerating the pear flowers at a constant temperature for 6 days, wherein the refrigerating temperature is controlled to be 4 ℃;
step C, freezing and storing: transferring the pear flowers stored at low temperature into a freezer, and freezing at constant temperature for 60 days, wherein the freezing temperature is controlled to be-18 ℃; at the moment, the pear flower is smelled, so that the strong pear fragrance can be found, and the pear fragrance has pure pear fragrance;
d, unfreezing: naturally thawing the frozen and stored pear flowers at room temperature, wherein the room temperature is generally 20-25 ℃, and the room temperature is 25 ℃ in the embodiment;
step E, pulping: adding water into the naturally unfrozen pear flower according to 1/10 of the weight of the pear flower, adding the water into the pear flower to obtain purified water, and pulping the purified water by using a tissue triturator to obtain pear flower pulp;
step F, ultrasonic-assisted extraction: adding pear flower pulp into a bottle, and mixing according to a material-liquid ratio of 1: 10 adding petroleum ether, and then placing the mixture into an ultrasonic cleaning machine for ultrasonic-assisted extraction, wherein the ultrasonic-assisted extraction conditions are controlled as follows: extracting at 25 deg.C with ultrasonic power of 80W for 10 min;
step G, suction filtration: after extraction is finished, removing particulate matters in the extraction liquid by suction filtration to obtain clear aqueous pear flower extraction liquid;
step H, two-phase separation: standing the pear flower extract at room temperature for 15min, layering a water phase and an organic phase, and discharging the water phase at the lower part of the extract by using a separating funnel to obtain petroleum ether extract of the pear flower;
step I, distillation: and (3) carrying out vacuum distillation on the pear flower petroleum ether extract by using a vacuum rotary evaporator, wherein the vacuum degree of the vacuum distillation is 0.1MPa, the vacuum distillation temperature is 50 ℃, when no petroleum ether condensate flows out of the rotary evaporator, the distillation is stopped, and the orange-yellow liquid obtained at the bottom of the rotary evaporator is the pear essence. The yield of the pear essence is 0.35%, and the prepared pear essence is rich in fragrance, pure in pear fragrance, elegant and soft and has pure pear fragrance.
Example 2
Step A, preparing raw materials: selecting fresh snow pear flowers which are just thinned, putting the collected fresh snow pear flowers into a plastic bag, and transporting the plastic bag to a low-temperature storage room within 3 hours; step B, low-temperature storage: after the pear flowers enter a low-temperature storage room, refrigerating the pear flowers at a constant temperature for 4 days, wherein the refrigerating temperature is controlled to be 0 ℃;
step C, freezing and storing: transferring the pear flowers stored at low temperature to a freezer, freezing at constant temperature for 90 days, and controlling the freezing temperature to be-20 ℃; at the moment, the pear flower is smelled, so that the strong pear fragrance can be found, and the pure snow pear fragrance is obtained;
d, unfreezing: naturally thawing the frozen and stored pear flowers at room temperature, wherein the room temperature is generally 20-25 ℃, and the room temperature in the embodiment is 20 ℃;
step E, pulping: adding water into the naturally unfrozen pear flower according to 1/8 of the weight of the pear flower, adding the water into the pear flower to obtain purified water, and pulping the purified water by using a tissue triturator to obtain pear flower pulp;
step F, ultrasonic-assisted extraction: adding pear flower pulp into a bottle, and mixing according to a material-liquid ratio of 1: 8 adding petroleum ether, then placing the mixture into an ultrasonic cleaning machine for ultrasonic-assisted extraction, wherein the ultrasonic-assisted extraction conditions are controlled as follows: extracting at 20 deg.C with ultrasonic power of 100W for 15 min;
step G, suction filtration: after extraction is finished, removing particulate matters in the extraction liquid by suction filtration to obtain clear aqueous pear flower extraction liquid;
step H, two-phase separation: standing the pear flower extract at room temperature for 20min, layering a water phase and an organic phase, and discharging the water phase at the lower part of the extract by using a separating funnel to obtain petroleum ether extract of the pear flower;
step I, distillation: and (3) carrying out vacuum distillation on the pear flower petroleum ether extract by using a vacuum rotary evaporator, wherein the vacuum degree of the vacuum distillation is 0.1MPa, the vacuum distillation temperature is 50 ℃, when no petroleum ether condensate flows out of the rotary evaporator any more, the distillation is stopped, and the orange-yellow liquid obtained at the bottom of the rotary evaporator is the snow pear essence. The yield of the pear essence is 0.41%, and the prepared snow pear essence is rich in fragrance, pure in pear fragrance, elegant and soft and has pure snow pear fragrance.
Example 3
Step A, preparing raw materials: selecting fresh pear flowers which are just thinned, putting the collected fresh pear flowers into a plastic bag, and transporting the fresh pear flowers into a low-temperature storage room within 2 hours; step B, low-temperature storage: after the pear flowers enter a low-temperature storage room, refrigerating the pear flowers at a constant temperature for 5 days, wherein the refrigerating temperature is controlled to be 5 ℃;
step C, freezing and storing: transferring the pear flowers stored at low temperature to a freezer, freezing at constant temperature for 75 days, and controlling the freezing temperature to be-19 ℃; at the moment, the pear flower is smelled, so that the strong pear fragrance can be found, and the pear fragrance has pure pear fragrance;
d, unfreezing: naturally thawing the frozen and stored pear flowers at room temperature, wherein the room temperature is generally 20-25 ℃, and the room temperature is 23 ℃ in the embodiment;
step E, pulping: adding water into the naturally unfrozen pear flower according to 1/9 of the weight of the pear flower, adding the water into the pear flower to obtain purified water, and pulping the purified water by using a tissue triturator to obtain pear flower pulp;
step F, ultrasonic-assisted extraction: adding pear flower pulp into a bottle, and mixing according to a material-liquid ratio of 1: 9 adding petroleum ether, then placing the mixture into an ultrasonic cleaning machine for ultrasonic-assisted extraction, wherein the ultrasonic-assisted extraction conditions are controlled as follows: extracting at 23 deg.C with ultrasonic power of 90W for 12 min;
step G, suction filtration: after extraction is finished, removing particulate matters in the extraction liquid by suction filtration to obtain clear aqueous pear flower extraction liquid;
step H, two-phase separation: standing the pear flower extract at room temperature for 18min, layering a water phase and an organic phase, and discharging the water phase at the lower part of the extract by using a separating funnel to obtain petroleum ether extract of the pear flower;
step I, distillation: and (3) carrying out vacuum distillation on the pear flower petroleum ether extract by using a vacuum rotary evaporator, wherein the vacuum degree of the vacuum distillation is 0.1MPa, the vacuum distillation temperature is 50 ℃, when no petroleum ether condensate flows out of the rotary evaporator, the distillation is stopped, and the orange-yellow liquid obtained at the bottom of the rotary evaporator is the pear essence. The yield of the pear essence is 0.37%, and the prepared pear essence is rich in fragrance, pure in pear fragrance, elegant and soft and has pure pear fragrance.
Claims (5)
1. A preparation method of natural pear essence is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step A, preparing raw materials: selecting fresh pear flowers which are just thinned, putting the collected fresh pear flowers into a plastic bag, and transporting the fresh pear flowers into a low-temperature storage room within 1-3 hours;
step B, low-temperature storage: after the pear flowers enter a low-temperature storage room, refrigerating the pear flowers at a constant temperature for 4 to 6 days;
step C, freezing and storing: transferring the pear flowers stored at low temperature into a freezer, and freezing at a constant temperature for 60-90 days;
d, unfreezing: transferring the frozen and stored pear flowers to room temperature for natural thawing;
step E, pulping: adding water into the naturally unfrozen pear flower according to 1/8-1/10 of the weight of the pear flower, and pulping by using a tissue triturator to obtain pear flower pulp;
step F, ultrasonic-assisted extraction: adding pear flower pulp into a bottle, and mixing according to a material-liquid ratio of 1: 8-1: 10 adding petroleum ether, and then placing the mixture into an ultrasonic cleaning machine for ultrasonic-assisted extraction;
step G, suction filtration: after extraction is finished, removing particulate matters in the extraction liquid by suction filtration to obtain clear aqueous pear flower extraction liquid;
step H, two-phase separation: standing the pear flower extract at room temperature for 15-20 min, layering a water phase and an organic phase, and discharging the water phase at the lower part of the extract by using a separating funnel to obtain petroleum ether extract of the pear flower;
step I, distillation: and (3) carrying out vacuum distillation on the petroleum ether extract of the pear flower by using a vacuum rotary evaporator, stopping distillation when no petroleum ether condensate flows out from the rotary evaporator, and obtaining orange-yellow liquid at the bottom of the rotary evaporation flask, namely the pear essence.
2. The preparation method of the natural pear essence according to claim 1, characterized in that: and the refrigerating temperature in the step B is controlled to be 0-5 ℃.
3. The preparation method of the natural pear essence according to claim 1, characterized in that: the freezing temperature in the step C is controlled to be-20 ℃ to-18 ℃.
4. The preparation method of the natural pear essence according to claim 1, characterized in that: and F, controlling the ultrasonic-assisted extraction conditions as follows: the extraction temperature is 20-25 ℃, the ultrasonic power is 80-100W, and the ultrasonic treatment is 10-15 min.
5. The preparation method of the natural pear essence according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step I, the vacuum degree of vacuum distillation is 0.1MPa, and the vacuum distillation temperature is 50 ℃.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201911285570.9A CN110903908A (en) | 2019-12-13 | 2019-12-13 | Preparation method of natural pear essence |
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| CN201911285570.9A CN110903908A (en) | 2019-12-13 | 2019-12-13 | Preparation method of natural pear essence |
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