CN110900822A - Composite additive for improving ceramic performance of zirconia powder - Google Patents

Composite additive for improving ceramic performance of zirconia powder Download PDF

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CN110900822A
CN110900822A CN201911092330.7A CN201911092330A CN110900822A CN 110900822 A CN110900822 A CN 110900822A CN 201911092330 A CN201911092330 A CN 201911092330A CN 110900822 A CN110900822 A CN 110900822A
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additive
raw material
powdery raw
modification
refining
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CN110900822B (en
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孔令兵
张天舒
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Nanjing Sanotes Material Technology Co ltd
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Nanjing Sanotes Material Technology Co ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
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    • B28C1/00—Apparatus or methods for obtaining or processing clay
    • B28C1/10—Apparatus or methods for obtaining or processing clay for processing clay-containing substances in non-fluid condition ; Plants
    • B28C1/14—Apparatus or methods for obtaining or processing clay for processing clay-containing substances in non-fluid condition ; Plants specially adapted for homogenising, comminuting or conditioning clay in non-fluid condition or for separating undesired admixtures therefrom
    • B28C1/18—Apparatus or methods for obtaining or processing clay for processing clay-containing substances in non-fluid condition ; Plants specially adapted for homogenising, comminuting or conditioning clay in non-fluid condition or for separating undesired admixtures therefrom for comminuting clay lumps
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    • C04B35/48—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on zirconium or hafnium oxides, zirconates, zircon or hafnates
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Abstract

The invention relates to an adding device for a composite additive for improving ceramic performance of zirconia powder, which at least comprises a modification area and a refining area for providing powdery raw materials for the modification area, wherein the adding device is constructed in a multi-layer shell structure, the adding device can intermittently communicate the refining area with the modification area through relative movement between at least two layers of shells of the adding device, and an additive retention chamber between the refining area and the modification area is formed in an intermittent communication mode, so that the adding device can lead a first powdery raw material in the refining area to the modification area before the first powdery raw material is not completely refined to reach a target particle size through the additive retention chamber formed in the intermittent communication mode, and can gradually refine the first powdery raw material in the modification area to the target particle size through eddy motion promoted by the intermittent communication mode, and blend the first powdery raw material with a second powdery raw material and at least blend the second powdery raw material Partially contacting and merging.

Description

Composite additive for improving ceramic performance of zirconia powder
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of zirconia powder ceramic modification, in particular to a composite additive for improving the performance of zirconia powder ceramic.
Background
Ceramic Injection Molding technology, referred to as CIM technology, is similar to Metal Injection Molding technology (MIM technology) developed in the 70 th 20 th century, and both CIM technology and MIM technology belong to the main branches of Powder Injection Molding technology (PIM technology), and are developed on the basis of relatively mature polymer Injection Molding technology. The CIM technology can produce products with complex shapes, has high dimensional precision, small machining amount, smooth surface, suitability for batch production and low cost, thereby becoming the precision manufacturing technology of ceramic parts which is developed fastest and applied most widely at present. The ceramic preparation technology is particularly widely applied to the production of zirconia ceramics. CIM technology has incomparable unique advantages as an emerging precision manufacturing technology. Particularly, the industrialization is continuously expanded in the global scope in recent years, and the development prospect of CIM technology attraction is more fully proved. The CIM technology is a new process for manufacturing ceramic parts developed by combining a polymer injection molding method with a ceramic manufacturing process. The main technical advantages are that the CIM technology has high mechanization degree, precise product dimension and high product surface finish, and the CIM technology is not replaceable in the field of manufacturing small-size ceramic parts with complex shapes, such as Optical Fiber Connector inserting cores and ceramic brackets for tooth orthodontics. The excellent physical and chemical properties of the ceramic material are organically combined with the precision injection molding, so that the CIM technology plays an increasingly important role in the High-tech fields of aerospace, national defense and military, medical appliances and the like, and becomes the most advantageous advanced preparation technology in domestic and foreign precision ceramic parts.
The CIM technology mainly comprises the following steps: firstly, preparing injection feed, mixing ceramic powder and a proper organic carrier according to a certain proportion at a certain temperature, and then drying and granulating; then the injection feed is added into an injection machine and injected into a mould at a certain temperature and pressure, and then the mould is cooled, solidified and formed, and then organic matters in the blank are removed by heating or other physical and chemical methods, and finally various ceramic products are obtained by sintering and densification. In the CIM process, ceramic powder realizes fluidity by depending on an organic binder carrier, and the content of the Meiniez organic binder is higher, so that the ceramic powder can be finally sintered only by a separate degreasing step. The traditional degreasing method is to volatilize or crack the organic binder into gas by heating, namely thermal degreasing. LEWIS J A. et al, in the Annual Review of Materials Science [ J ] 1997,27(01):147. the literature states that the pores in the green bodies of CIM technology are completely filled with organic binder, and belong to closed pore structure (closed pore structure), and if the temperature rise rate is too fast in thermal degreasing, the gaseous products inside the green bodies cannot be rapidly discharged, and the increase in gas pressure will cause defects such as cracking, bubbling and deformation. Therefore, thermal degreasing often requires several tens of hours, is inefficient, and makes it difficult to manufacture large-sized ceramic components. The advanced technology of the latest degreasing process in CIM by Yanluting, Sevenjie, Miao Hu Lun et al [ J ] Proc of materials science and engineering, 2001,19(3):108-112. the document proposes a water-based extraction degreasing technology as a new technology of high-efficiency degreasing, and the water extraction degreasing technology is a new degreasing method developed based on the solvent extraction degreasing principle. It was originally developed and applied to CIM Technology by Thermal Precision Technology, usa. The binder system adopted by the degreasing technology is partially water-soluble high polymers such as polyethylene glycol (PEG), polyethylene oxide (PEO) and cellulose-derived agarose, and water-soluble components are removed in a water-soluble manner; the other part is a water-insoluble component which is insoluble in water and is used as a skeleton binder to ensure the strength of the embryo body. The process has the advantages of high degreasing speed, short time and no pollution.
The core in the binder system design and process of CIM technology is the flowability of the feedstock, which depends on one hand on the surface of the ceramic particles and the physicochemical properties of the organic binder and on the other hand on the degree of uniformity of the dispersion of the ceramic powder in the organic binder. The water degreasing binder system in the water extraction degreasing technology has particularity, firstly, the skeleton binder is necessarily hydrophobic, so that the swelling and cracking in the middle of the degreasing process can be ensured, and therefore, the skeleton binder and the water-soluble component are thermodynamically incompatible, and the mutual solution and blending of a molecular machine cannot be realized. However, the surface of the ceramic powder is generally polar and hydrophilic, and has poor affinity with the framework binder, which directly affects the bonding strength between the ceramic particles and the organic binder, and easily causes the separation of the ceramic particles and the organic binder in high-speed and high-pressure injection molding. In addition, the agglomeration of ceramic powder is not ignored in melt blending, especially for the ultra-fine ceramic powder, the particle agglomeration increases the feeding year and the flow stability is poor. Therefore, the selection of a proper modifier and a proper surface modification device are very important for ensuring the stable dispersion of the ceramic particles and the process compatibility between the organic binder and the surface of the ceramic powder.
Chinese patent (publication number CN101177301) discloses a preparation method of stabilized zirconia nano-powder, belonging to the technical field of nano-powder preparation. Firstly, dissolving stabilizing agents of yttrium nitrate, calcium nitrate, basic magnesium carbonate and the like and zirconium oxychloride in a certain molar ratio in a proper amount of deionized water containing an organic additive, uniformly stirring, and then evaporating and concentrating the solvent to obtain a uniform solid mixture containing stabilizing agents of zirconium, yttrium and the like and the organic additive; and then placing sodium hydroxide into a stirring mill, adding a solid mixture of zirconium, yttrium and the like and an organic additive, stirring, grinding and mixing, and then washing, precipitating, filtering, drying and roasting to obtain the stabilized zirconia nano powder. The method provided by the patent has the advantages of simple and easily-controlled process parameters, uniform granularity, adjustable granularity, resource saving, small pollution, suitability for industrial scale-up production and the like.
In the prior art, most of the zirconia ceramic powder and the additive are prepared by stirring and grinding, the additive is directly ground and processed with the zirconia nano powder together, so that the additive cannot obtain particles with uniform particle size, the coating capability is poor, further, the secondary agglomeration phenomenon of the powder is serious, and the original powder has poor tetragonal phase stability, so that yttrium particles on the surface of the powder are easily dissolved out due to the increase of the surface area and a certain temperature effect in the grinding process, and the local distribution of yttrium element is not uniform in the slurry drying process, so that the final structure and performance of a sintered body are influenced, and the application requirements of high quality and high performance are difficult to meet. Meanwhile, the specific surface area of the additive is gradually increased along with the gradual reduction of the particle size of the additive in the grinding process, and the adsorption capacity among the additive particles is remarkably increased under the condition of larger specific surface area and tends to agglomerate among the additive particles, so that the preparation method for directly grinding and processing the additive and the zirconia nano powder together in the prior art is difficult to uniformly disperse the additive and the zirconia nano powder into target particles to be modified, has poor mixing effect and further cannot achieve the purpose of improving the performance of the zirconia ceramic powder.
Furthermore, on the one hand, due to the differences in understanding to the person skilled in the art; on the other hand, since the inventor has studied a lot of documents and patents when making the present invention, but the space is not limited to the details and contents listed in the above, however, the present invention is by no means free of the features of the prior art, but the present invention has been provided with all the features of the prior art, and the applicant reserves the right to increase the related prior art in the background.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of the prior art that the dispersion effect is poor due to the agglomeration phenomenon of additive particles, the inventor of the invention practices and compares a large number of related experiments, and proves that the conventional solution of adding a sufficient amount of dispersing agent under mechanical mixing to reduce the viscosity of the particles inevitably greatly reduces the combination modification effect between the additive particles and the zirconia ceramic particles, and also proves that the improvement of feeding equipment or grinding equipment causes the adverse effects of a large amount of cost and uncontrollable factors.
The present invention has been made in an effort to provide an adding apparatus for a composite additive for improving ceramic properties of zirconia powder by modifying an existing apparatus to a small extent, the adding apparatus including at least a modification region and a fining region for supplying a powdery raw material to the modification region, a first powdery raw material as an additive component being conveyed to the modification region while intermittently communicating between the fining region and the modification region to be modified in combination with a second powdery raw material, the adding apparatus being constructed in a multi-layered shell structure, wherein the adding apparatus is capable of intermittently communicating between the fining region and the modification region by a relative movement between at least two shells thereof and forming an additive retention chamber between the fining region and the modification region in the intermittently communicating manner, whereby the adding apparatus is capable of locating the additive retention chamber formed in the intermittently communicating manner to be located between the fining region and the modification region The first powdery raw material in the refining zone is guided into the modification zone before the first powdery raw material is not completely refined to the target particle size, and the first powdery raw material in the modification zone can be gradually refined to the target particle size by the vortex motion promoted by the intermittent communication manner, blended with the second powdery raw material and at least partially combined in contact with each other.
According to a preferred embodiment, a turbine shaft is arranged in the modification region, which is located in the additive pretreatment housing and is used for providing the swirling motion, wherein when an external circuit is connected to the turbine shaft and the turbine shaft is rotated relative to the additive pretreatment housing, the turbine shaft can form a flow distribution in the modification region through turbine blades arranged on a rod body of the turbine shaft in a manner of eliminating agglomeration among particles of raw materials, so that the blending degree of the first powdery raw material and the second powdery raw material can be maximized when the first powdery raw material is conveyed into the modification region by using the swirling motion promoted by the intermittent communication manner, and when the first powdery raw material enters the modification region and the rotation speed of the shaft relative to the additive pretreatment housing is gradually increased, the scroll rod can cause the first powdery raw material and the second powdery raw material to gradually gather together towards the center of the scroll rod through the suction swirl generated at one end of the turbine blade close to the scroll rod, and cause the blending density between the first powdery raw material and the second powdery raw material obtained by step refining in the intermittent communication mode to be gradually improved through the interaction mode of the suction swirl at the end and the reverse swirl generated at the other end of the turbine blade, so that the first powdery raw material and the second powdery raw material are at least partially contacted and combined with each other.
According to a preferred embodiment, a vortex baffle is disposed on an end of the turbine blade remote from the vortex rod, and the vortex baffle is used for generating the reverse vortex when the vortex rod operates so as to achieve a turbulence strengthening effect of the first powdery raw material and the second powdery raw material under the condition that the blending density of the first powdery raw material and the second powdery raw material tends to be maximized, wherein when the rotation speed of the vortex rod relative to the additive pretreatment shell is gradually increased, in the first powdery raw material and the second powdery raw material which are gradually gathered together towards the center of the entrainment vortex, a first part of the powdery raw material obtained by step refining in the intermittent communication mode moves along the blade surface of the turbine blade at a low turbulence intensity in the modified area without passing through the inclined blade-shaped plate surface, and a second part of the powdery raw material moves along the blade surface of the turbine blade at a low turbulence intensity in the modified area by passing through the blade surface of the vortex baffle relative to the turbine blade The inclined blade-shaped plate surface formed by the surface moves in the modification area with low turbulence intensity, so that the second part of the powdery raw materials are deflected and impact on the first part of the powdery raw materials under the action of reverse vortex generated at the other end of the turbine blade at the same time and promote mutual airflow disturbance, and the parts of the powdery raw materials are contacted and combined with each other under the action of turbulence enhancement caused by the airflow disturbance.
According to a preferred embodiment, the adding device is provided with a sieving mechanism for sieving the particle size and/or recycling modified raw material conveyed from the modification area to the next operation, wherein the sieving mechanism is configured to communicate with the modification area and the refining area, respectively, and convey modified raw material including at least the first powdery raw material and the second powdery raw material which are brought into full contact with each other and combined out of the modification area when the adding device is operated, the modified raw material is divided into two parts when passing through the sieving mechanism, and at least a part of the modified raw material which does not reach the sieving condition of the sieving mechanism after the division is recirculated into the interior of the adding device housing along a conveying passage, and the part of the modified raw material sequentially passes through the pre-refining treatment of the refining area and the additive by the intermittent communication and then sequentially passes through the pre-refining treatment of the refining area and the additive by the intermittent communication And conveying the detention chamber to the modification area after re-refining treatment.
According to a preferred embodiment, the sizing mechanism is further configured to collect a portion of the modified feedstock having a particle size or dispersion smaller than the screening conditions of the sizing mechanism and to allow the portion of the modified feedstock to be transported along the modification zone to a next process step in a manner that meets a desired output rate or a desired size, wherein the sizing mechanism is configured to have a screening mesh size in the range of 1um to 1000 um.
According to a preferred embodiment, the additive main mixing housing is provided with at least one powder conveying section penetrating through an outer wall of the additive main mixing housing and communicating with an interior of the additive main mixing housing, and the additive preprocessing housing is provided with at least one powder supply section penetrating through an outer wall of the additive preprocessing housing and communicating with an interior of the additive preprocessing housing, wherein the additive main mixing housing and the additive preprocessing housing are nested with each other such that the powder supply section can be aligned with the powder conveying section or with an outer wall of the additive main mixing housing, and an additive retention chamber for holding a certain amount of powdery raw materials is formed between the additive main mixing housing and the additive preprocessing housing under the condition that the additive main mixing housing and the additive preprocessing housing are not nested tightly, the additive retention chamber is capable of feedstock re-refinement by relative movement of the additive main mixing housing and the additive pre-treatment housing such that the powder supply section is intermittently aligned with the powder delivery section or with an outer wall of the additive main mixing housing, respectively.
According to a preferred embodiment, the additive main mixing housing and the additive pre-treatment housing are fitted non-snugly to each other in such a way that the size of the formed additive retention chamber is not larger than the particle radius requirement in the screening condition, so that a first powdery raw material obtained by the additive retention chamber and having a particle size that does not yet satisfy the screening condition can be conveyed along the powder conveying section into the modification zone in such a way that particle agglomeration thereof is minimized, and in the modification zone, the first powdery raw material is caused to be further refined and the blending density thereof with the second powdery raw material tends to be maximized by controlling the rotation of the scroll shaft under the shearing force generated by the interaction of the suction swirl vortex and the reverse vortex, thereby achieving a strong surface adhesion force while the specific surface area of the first powdery raw material is rapidly increased to obtain a strong surface adhesion force And (5) combining.
The composite additive for improving the performance of the zirconia powder ceramic comprises the zirconia powder ceramic and is added by the adding equipment, wherein the composite additive at least comprises one or more of auxiliary ceramic, a dispersing agent and an auxiliary agent, the mass percentage of the zirconia powder ceramic to be modified is 50-65%, the mass percentage of the auxiliary ceramic is 6-40%, the mass percentage of the dispersing agent is 3-20%, and the auxiliary agent at least comprises one or more of a binder, a plasticizer, a pigment additive or an antioxidant additive and is 1-20%.
According to a preferred embodiment, the dispersant comprises at least one or several of triethanolamine, isobutanol, tributyl phosphate, PVP-K30 or glycerol, and the auxiliary ceramic comprises at least one or several of silicon oxide, barium oxide, titanium oxide, niobium pentoxide, zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, strontium oxide, erbium oxide, iron oxide, tungsten carbide, calcium oxide, chromium oxide, zirconium nitride or silicon carbide.
An adding method for adding a composite additive into zirconia powder ceramic, wherein the adding method adopts the adding equipment to add the composite additive into the zirconia powder ceramic, and the adding method at least comprises one or more of the following steps: conveying a selected amount of composite additive into a refining region through a powder conveying section arranged on a shell of an adding device, carrying out pre-refining treatment on the composite additive conveyed into the refining region through relative movement between an additive pretreatment shell and the shell of the adding device in the refining region, conveying the composite additive into an additive detention chamber through a powder supply section arranged on the additive pretreatment shell, distributing the composite additive subjected to the pre-refining treatment in the refining region and the re-refining treatment in the additive detention chamber into a modification region under the condition that the powder conveying section arranged on a main additive mixing shell and the powder supply section arranged on the additive pretreatment shell are intermittently communicated, and adding the zirconia powder ceramic subjected to the refining treatment in the modification region, the composite additive and the zirconia ceramic powder are gradually gathered under the eddy current motion provided in the modified area, so that the composite additive and the zirconia ceramic powder are blended with each other and at least partially contacted and combined.
The composite additive for improving the ceramic performance of the zirconia powder and the adding device thereof provided by the invention at least have the following beneficial technical effects:
the adding device for the composite additive for improving the ceramic performance of the zirconia powder is different from a traditional grinding device which is adopted in the prior art and meets the requirement of the particle size by single grinding, and the agglomeration problem is serious;
meanwhile, different from the traditional grinding device which adopts mechanical energy to drive grinding media to move for grinding and has low grinding efficiency and higher energy consumption in the prior art, the adding device provided by the invention is used for further refining the additive particles after mutually blending the additive particles with the particle diameters which do not meet the requirements and the particles to be modified on the basis of combining mechanical energy refining and airflow refining, so that the additive particles can be fully contacted and combined with the second powdery raw material while the specific surface area of the additive particles is rapidly increased to obtain strong surface adhesion force, and the zirconium oxide powder with uniform particle size and favorable for improving the performance of the zirconium oxide powder can be obtained.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a simplified overall schematic of an addition device provided in accordance with the present invention; and
fig. 2 is a simplified overall structure schematic diagram of an adding device of a preferred embodiment provided by the invention.
List of reference numerals
1: modification region 2: thinning the area 3: add device casing
4: additive pretreatment housing 5: additive main mixing shell 6: additive retention chamber
7: the turbine shaft 8: turbine blades 9: vortex baffle
10: powder supply section 11: powder conveying section 12: screening mechanism
13: refining device
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the adding device for a composite additive for improving the performance of zirconia powder ceramics provided by the present invention may also be an adding device for a composite additive, an adding device for adding a composite additive into zirconia powder ceramics, or a modifying device for zirconia powder ceramics.
The adding device can intermittently communicate the thinning area with the modification area through the relative movement between at least two layers of shells, and an additive detention chamber 6 positioned between the thinning area and the modification area is formed under the intermittent communication mode. In the conventional grinding device adopted in the prior art, a grinding method that the grinding device usually adopts single-step grinding to meet the requirement of the particle size leads to serious agglomeration of powder particles, and meanwhile, the conventional grinding device usually adopts mechanical energy to drive a grinding medium to move for grinding, so that the grinding efficiency is low and the energy consumption is high under the drive of pure mechanical energy. Aiming at the defects of the prior art, such as poor dispersion effect caused by the agglomeration phenomenon of the additive particles, the inventor of the invention practices and contrasts a large number of related experiments, and proves that the conventional solution that the viscosity of the particles is reduced by adding a sufficient amount of dispersing agent under mechanical mixing inevitably greatly reduces the combination modification effect between the additive particles and the zirconia ceramic particles, and also proves that the improvement of feeding equipment or grinding equipment not only brings a large amount of cost and uncontrollable factors, but also the grinding method for synchronously mixing and refining the ceramic particles and the additive particles, which is adopted for improving the grinding efficiency, does not really improve the grinding efficiency, but also increases the energy consumption required by grinding. Different from the technical scheme provided in the prior art, the adding device provided by the invention provides a solution for simultaneously introducing the additive detention chamber and a two-step grinding method in an intermittent communication mode by improving the structure of the existing adding device for the composite additive, solves the problem that the dispersion effect is poor due to the agglomeration phenomenon of additive particles which is not solved in the prior art, and reduces the grinding energy consumption while ensuring the grinding efficiency.
Specifically, the solution provided by the application is a two-step method of primarily crushing and mixing additive components to obtain the additive components with smaller particle sizes, further refining the additive components through an additive retention chamber 6 and then diffusing and discharging the additive components, obtaining the additive particles with the particle sizes which do not meet the requirements under the condition of controlling the effective size of the additive retention chamber 6, greatly reducing the particle agglomeration phenomenon of the additive particles under the particle sizes, then mutually blending the additive particles and particles to be modified and further refining the additive particles, fully contacting and combining the additive particles with a second powdery raw material while rapidly increasing the specific surface area of the additive particles to obtain the action of surface strong adhesion, and blocking and refluxing the additive components with larger particle sizes by a screening partition plate to re-refine and screen the additive components. Meanwhile, the composite additive component provided by the invention can further improve the performance of the powder ceramic, so that the zirconia powder with uniform granularity and favorable for improving the performance of the zirconia powder can be obtained. The adding device provided by the invention combines mechanical energy refining and airflow refining, and compared with mechanical energy refining, the turbulence-enhanced airflow refining has lower energy consumption and higher refining efficiency, and the ineffective work consumed in the refining process is greatly reduced.
Preferably, in the adding device, the additive pre-processing housing 4 is driven to rotate relatively to the additive device housing, so that the powder conveying section 11 arranged on the additive main mixing housing 5 is intermittently communicated with the powder supplying section 10 arranged on the additive pre-processing housing 4. The intermittent communication is caused by the intermittent alignment of the powder conveying section 11 provided on the additive main mixing casing 5 with the powder supplying section 10 provided on the additive pre-treatment casing 4. The inventors of the present invention have conducted and compared a number of related experiments and have demonstrated that when the relative rotation of the additive pretreatment housing 4 with respect to the additive device housing is controlled to drive the additive pretreatment housing 4, so that the powder conveying section 11 provided on the additive main mixing housing 5 and the powder supplying section 1 provided on the additive pretreatment housing 4 are in non-uniform intermittent communication, the particle size distribution of the obtained modified zirconia powder is narrower than that obtained by using uniform intermittent alignment. Therefore, preferably, the relative rotation of the additive pretreatment housing 4 with respect to the additive device housing is controlled and driven to optimize the non-uniform intermittent communication between the powder conveying section 11 provided on the additive main mixing housing 5 and the powder supplying section 1 provided on the additive pretreatment housing 4, and the obtained modified zirconia powder is measured by a laser particle sizer, and the measured particle size distribution diagram D97: 3.0 um.
In the addition device, the relative movement between the additive pretreatment housing 4 and the additive device housing causes the powder conveying section 11 arranged on the additive main mixing housing 5 to be intermittently communicated with the powder supply section 10 arranged on the additive pretreatment housing 4, so that the first powdery raw material can enter the modification region 1 after sequentially passing through the pre-refining treatment of the refining region 2 and the re-refining treatment of the additive retention chamber 6, and gradually gathers together with the second powdery raw material under the vortex movement provided in the modification region 1, so that the first powdery raw material and the second powdery raw material are blended with each other and at least partially contact and merge.
According to a preferred embodiment, the adding device for the composite additive for improving the ceramic performance of the zirconia powder body at least comprises a modification area 1 and a thinning area 2 for providing powdery raw materials to the modification area 1. The refining zone 2 comprises an addition device housing 3 and an additive pre-treatment housing 4 arranged inside the addition device housing 3. The refining area 2 is used for carrying out pre-refining treatment on the raw materials conveyed into the refining area 2 through the relative movement between the additive pre-treatment shell 4 and the adding device shell 3, and distributing the raw materials subjected to the pre-refining treatment into the modification area 1. The modification zone 1 includes an additive main mixing housing 5 provided inside the addition device housing 3 for supplying the first powdery raw material and the second powdery raw material to the modification zone 1, respectively, and an additive retention chamber 6 located between the additive main mixing housing 5 and the additive pre-treatment housing 4 for re-refining the raw materials. In the additive adding device, the powder conveying section 11 arranged on the additive main mixing shell 5 is intermittently communicated with the powder supplying section 10 arranged on the additive preprocessing shell 4 through the relative movement between the additive preprocessing shell 4 and the additive device shell. The first powdery raw material can enter the modification region 1 after sequentially passing through the pre-refinement treatment of the refinement region 2 and the re-refinement treatment of the additive retention chamber 6. The first powdery raw material can gradually gather with the second powdery raw material under the swirling motion provided in the modification zone 1, so that the first powdery raw material and the second powdery raw material are blended with each other and at least partially brought into contact and merged.
Specifically, the addition device includes at least a modification region 1 and a thinning region 2 for supplying the powdery raw material to the modification region 1. The refining zone 2 comprises an addition device housing 3 and an additive pre-treatment housing 4 arranged inside the addition device housing 3. The refining zone 2 is used for pre-refining the raw material conveyed into the interior of the refining zone 2 by means of a relative movement between the additive pre-treatment housing 4 and the adding device housing 3. Distributing the raw materials after the pre-thinning treatment into a modification area 1. The modification zone 1 includes an additive main mixing housing 5 provided inside the addition device housing 3 and for supplying the first powdery raw material and the second powdery raw material to the modification zone 1, respectively. The modification zone 1 comprises an additive retention chamber 6 located between the additive main mixing housing 5 and the additive pre-treatment housing 4 and used for feedstock re-refinement. The adding device can gradually thin the first powdery raw material in the modified area to a target particle size by utilizing the vortex motion promoted by the intermittent communication mode, and the first powdery raw material and the second powdery raw material are blended with each other and at least partially contacted and combined. Wherein the promotion effect of the intermittent communication mode on the vortex motion means that when the refining region 2 is in a communication state with the modification region 1, a first gas pressure in the refining region 2 is different from a second gas pressure in the modification region 1 so that the first powdery raw material in the additive retention chamber 6 is attracted into the modification region 1. Preferably, the first gas pressure in the attenuation zone 2 is lower than the second gas pressure in the modification zone 1. Further preferably, the powder conveying section 11 arranged on the additive main mixing shell 5 is intermittently communicated with the powder supplying section 10 arranged on the additive preprocessing shell 4, and both the powder conveying section 11 and the powder supplying section 10 are through holes arranged on the shells. When the additive pre-treatment housing 4 and the additive main mixing housing 5 are rotated relatively to each other so that the powder conveying section 11 and the powder supplying section 10 are in a communicating state, the powder conveying section 11 and the powder supplying section 10 are only partially communicated with each other. In the direction of the central axis of the adding device, a part of the lower end of the powder supplying section 10 and a part of the upper end of the powder conveying section 11 corresponding thereto communicate with each other. The non-fully communicating communication between the powder conveying section 11 and the powder supply section 10 on the one hand avoids that large quantities of first powdery raw material in the attenuation zone 2 which have not been further attenuated by the additive retention chamber 6 are attracted into the modification zone 1, and on the other hand for small quantities of first powdery raw material which accumulate inside the powder supply section 10, they are attracted into the additive retention chamber 6 or directly introduced into the modification zone 1 for further attenuation. Further as the most preferred embodiment of the present application, in the direction of the central axis of the adding device, the lower end of the portion of the powder supplying section 10 occupying the length of 1/4 thereof and the upper end of the portion of the powder conveying section 11 occupying the length of 1/4 thereof are communicated with each other. Further as the most preferred embodiment of the present application, in the case where the relative movement angle between the additive main mixing casing 5 and the additive pre-treatment casing 4 is 90 °, the powder conveying section 11 and the powder supplying section 10 pass through at least two communication states. According to the practice and comparison of a large number of experiments, the particle size distribution and the refining efficiency of the modified zirconia powder obtained are optimal for the lower end of the portion of the powder supply section 10 that occupies x (x <1) length and the upper end of the portion of the powder conveying section 11 that occupies y (y <1) proportional length, which correspond to x and y, in the two-time communication state of the powder conveying section 11 and the powder supply section 10, and the relative movement angle z (z <360 °) between the additive main mixing casing 5 and the additive pretreatment casing 4, in the case where x is 1/4, y is 1/4, and z is 90 ° and other experimental conditions are the same.
According to a preferred embodiment, a scroll rod 7 is arranged in the modification zone 1 in the additive pretreatment housing 4 for providing a swirling motion. When the external circuit is connected to the scroll rod 7 and the scroll rod 7 is rotated relative to the additive pretreatment housing 4, the scroll rod 7 can form a flow distribution in the modification region 1 by the turbine blades 8 provided on the rod body thereof, in such a manner that agglomeration between particles of the raw material is eliminated, so that the degree of blending between the first powdery raw material and the second powdery raw material tends to be maximized when the first powdery raw material is conveyed into the modification region 1.
In this way, in the additive adding device, the powder conveying section 11 provided on the additive main mixing housing 5 and the powder supplying section 10 provided on the additive pre-treatment housing 4 intermittently communicate by the relative movement between the additive pre-treatment housing 4 and the additive device housing. The first powdery raw material can enter the modification region 1 after sequentially passing through the pre-refinement treatment of the refinement region 2 and the re-refinement treatment of the additive retention chamber 6.
According to a preferred embodiment, when the first powdery raw material enters the modification region 1 and the rotation speed of the scroll rod 7 relative to the rotation speed of the additive pretreatment housing 4 is gradually increased, the scroll rod 7 can cause the first powdery raw material and the second powdery raw material to be gradually gathered together toward the center of the suction swirl vortex by the suction swirl vortex generated at the end of the turbine blade 8 of the scroll rod 7. The first powdered material and the second powdered material are brought into at least partial contact with each other and merge by the entrainment vortex at this end interacting with the counter vortex generated at the other end of the turbine blade 8, causing a gradual increase in the blend density between the first powdered material and the second powdered material. In this way, the first powdery raw material can be brought together gradually with the second powdery raw material under the swirling motion provided in the modification zone 1. The first powdered material and the second powdered material are blended with each other and combined at least partially in contact.
According to a preferred embodiment, the turbine blades 8 are provided with a vortex fence 9 at the end remote from the turbine shaft 7. The vortex baffle 9 is used for generating reverse vortex when the scroll rod 7 is operated to achieve turbulence enhancement of the first powdery raw material and the second powdery raw material under the condition that the blending density of each other tends to be maximized. When the rotation speed of the scroll rod 7 relative to the rotation speed of the additive pretreatment housing 4 is gradually increased, of the first powdery raw material and the second powdery raw material which are gradually gathered together toward the center of the entrainment vortex, the first part of the powdery raw material moves in the modification region 1 along the blade surface of the turbine blade 8 with low turbulence intensity in a manner of not passing through the inclined blade-shaped plate surface. The second part of the powdery raw material moves along the surface of the turbine blade 8 with a low turbulence intensity in the modification zone 1 in such a way that it passes through the inclined blade-like plate surface formed on the swirl baffle 9 opposite to the surface of the turbine blade 8. The second portion of powdered material is simultaneously deflected by the reverse vortex created at the other end of turbine blades 8 to impinge on the first portion of powdered material and cause airflow disturbances with each other. Under the action of turbulence strengthening caused by the airflow disturbance, the powdered raw materials of all parts are contacted and combined with each other.
According to a preferred embodiment, the addition device is provided with a screening mechanism 12 for performing particle size screening and/or recycling of the modified raw material transported from the modification zone 1 to the next operation. The sizing mechanism 12 is configured such that it communicates with the modification region 1 and the refinement region 2, respectively. The sifting mechanism 12 is configured to convey the modified raw material including at least the first powdery raw material and the second powdery raw material combined in sufficient contact with each other out of the modification area 1 when the addition device is operated. The modified raw material is divided into two parts of modified raw materials when passing through the screening mechanism 12, and at least part of the modified raw materials which do not reach the screening condition of the screening mechanism 12 and are obtained after the division are recycled into the adding device shell 3 along the conveying channel. The part of modified raw materials are sequentially subjected to pre-refining treatment in a refining area 2 and re-refining treatment in an additive detention chamber 6 and then conveyed to a modification area 1.
According to a preferred embodiment, the sizing mechanism 12 is further configured to collect a portion of the modified feedstock having a particle size or dispersion that is less than the screening conditions of the sizing mechanism 12 and allow the portion of the modified feedstock to be transported along the modification zone 1 to the next operation in a manner that meets the desired output rate or desired size. The screening mechanism 12 is configured to have a screening mesh size in the range of 1um to 1000 um.
According to a preferred embodiment, the additive main mixing housing 5 is provided with at least one powder conveying section 11 extending through the outer wall of the additive main mixing housing 5 and communicating with the inside of the additive main mixing housing 5. The additive pretreatment housing 4 is provided with at least one powder supply section 10 which penetrates through the outer wall of the additive pretreatment housing 4 and is communicated with the inside of the additive pretreatment housing 4. The additive main mixing housing 5 and the additive pre-treatment housing 4 are arranged in a nested arrangement with respect to each other such that the powder supply section 10 can be aligned with the powder conveying section 11 or with the outer wall of the additive main mixing housing 5. An additive retention chamber 6 for holding a certain amount of powdery raw materials is formed between the additive main mixing housing 5 and the additive pretreatment housing 4 under the condition that the additive main mixing housing 5 and the additive pretreatment housing 4 are not in close contact with each other. The additive retention chamber 6 enables material re-fining by intermittent alignment of the powder supply section 10 with the powder delivery section 11 or with the outer wall of the additive main mixing housing 5, respectively, by relative movement of the additive main mixing housing 5 and the additive pre-treatment housing 4.
According to a preferred embodiment, the additive main mixing housing 5 and the additive pre-treatment housing 4 are non-snugly fitted to each other in such a way that the size of the formed additive retention chamber 6 is not larger than the particle radius requirement in sieving conditions. The first powdery raw material obtained by the additive retention chamber 6, the particle size of which has not yet met the sieving conditions, can be conveyed along the powder conveying section 11 into the modification zone 1 in such a way that the phenomenon of particle agglomeration thereof is minimized. In the modification region 1, the first powdery raw material is promoted by controlling the rotation of the scroll rod 7 to be further refined and to be maximized in the blending density with the second powdery raw material under the shearing force generated by the interaction of the entrainment vortex and the reverse vortex. The specific surface area of the first powdery raw material is rapidly increased to obtain strong adhesive force on the surface, and simultaneously, the first powdery raw material is contacted with the second powdery raw material to be combined.
A composite additive for improving the performance of zirconia powder ceramic at least comprises one or more of auxiliary ceramic, dispersant and assistant. The mass percentage of the zirconia powder ceramic to be modified is 50-65%. The mass percentage of the auxiliary ceramic is 6-40%. The mass percentage content of the dispersant is 3 percent to 20 percent. The auxiliary agent at least comprises one or more of a binder, a plasticizer, a pigment additive or an antioxidant additive. The mass percentage content of the auxiliary agent is 1-20%.
According to a preferred embodiment, the dispersant comprises at least one or several of triethanolamine, isobutanol, tributyl phosphate, PVP-K30 or glycerol. The auxiliary ceramic at least comprises one or more of silicon oxide, barium oxide, titanium oxide, niobium pentoxide, zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, strontium oxide, erbium oxide, iron oxide, tungsten carbide, calcium oxide, chromium oxide, zirconium nitride or silicon carbide. The adhesive at least comprises one or more of polyvinylpyrrolidone and styrene-acrylic emulsion. The auxiliary agent can comprise a sintering auxiliary agent, and the sintering auxiliary agent comprises CaO, MgO and Bi2O3、Li2O, CuO.
An adding method for adding a composite additive into zirconia powder ceramic is used for adding the composite additive into the zirconia powder ceramic, and the adding method at least comprises one or more of the following steps: conveying a selected amount of composite additive into a refining region 2 through a powder conveying section 11 arranged on a shell 3 of an adding device, carrying out pre-refining treatment on the composite additive conveyed into the refining region 2 through relative movement between an additive pretreatment shell 4 and the shell 3 of the adding device in the refining region 2, conveying the composite additive into an additive detention chamber 6 through a powder supply section 10 arranged on the additive pretreatment shell 4, distributing the composite additive subjected to the pre-refining treatment of the refining region 2 and the re-refining treatment of the additive detention chamber 6 into a modification region 1 under the condition that the powder conveying section 11 arranged on a main additive mixing shell 5 is intermittently communicated with the powder supply section 10 arranged on the additive pretreatment shell 4, adding the zirconia powder ceramic subjected to the refining treatment into the modification region 1, and gradually gathering the composite additive with the zirconia ceramic powder under the eddy motion provided in the modification region 1, the composite additive and the zirconia ceramic powder are blended with each other and at least partially contacted and combined. Preferably, the zirconia powder ceramics may be obtained by preferentially performing the pulverization and pulverization in the above-described addition device, that is, both devices shown in fig. 2 may employ the above-described addition device, or the zirconia powder ceramics may employ another pulverization and pulverization device different from the above-described addition device.
Preferably, the adding method for adding the composite additive into the zirconia powder ceramic at least comprises one or more of the following steps:
s1: adding zirconia powder ceramic into a refining device 13 for grinding and refining, conveying the obtained second powdery raw material to be modified into a modification area 1 of an adding device shell 3, and keeping the rotating speed of a vortex rod 7 at 1000-2000 rpm.
S2: the raw materials of all components of the composite additive are preliminarily mixed to obtain a first powdery raw material.
S3: the first powdery raw material obtained in step S2 is conveyed into the fining area 2 of the adding device housing 3.
S4: the first powdery raw material obtained in step S3 is conveyed into the modification zone 1 of the adding device housing 3 through the powder supply section 10 and the powder conveying section 11.
S5: gradually increasing the rotating speed of the vortex rod 7 and keeping the rotating speed not to exceed 6000 rpm, and mixing and combining the first powdery raw material and the second powdery raw material in the modification area 1 to obtain the modified raw material.
S6: and (5) putting the modified raw material obtained in the step (S5) into a mold, and pressing for 4 hours at the pressure of 12-16 Mpa by using a dry powder press to obtain a pressed block.
S7: and (4) putting the pressed block obtained in the step (S6) into a pre-sintering kiln, heating to 1450-1650 ℃ at a heating rate of 4 ℃/min, carrying out heat preservation sintering for 2.5 hours, cooling to room temperature at a cooling rate of 4 ℃/min, and taking out to obtain the pre-sintered block.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are exemplary, and that those skilled in the art, having benefit of the present disclosure, may devise various arrangements that are within the scope of the present disclosure and that fall within the scope of the invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present specification and figures are illustrative only and are not limiting upon the claims. The scope of the invention is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims (10)

1. An adding device for a composite additive for improving ceramic properties of zirconia powder, the adding device comprising at least a modification region (1) and a fining region (2) for supplying a powdery raw material to the modification region (1), characterized in that a first powdery raw material as an additive component is modified in combination with a second powdery raw material by being fed to the modification region while intermittently communicating between the fining region and the modification region, the adding device being constructed in a multi-layer shell structure in which,
the adding device can intermittently communicate the refining area with the modification area through the relative movement between at least two layers of shells of the adding device, and an additive detention chamber (6) positioned between the refining area and the modification area is formed under the intermittent communication mode,
the addition device can thereby guide the first powdery raw material located in the refining zone into the modification zone (1) before the incomplete refining to the target particle size by means of the additive stagnation chamber (6) formed in the intermittent communication and can gradually refine the first powdery raw material located in the modification zone (1) to the target particle size by means of the swirling motion promoted by the intermittent communication and blend and at least partially contact and merge the second powdery raw material with one another.
2. The addition device according to claim 1, characterized in that a vortex shaft (7) for providing the vortex motion is arranged in the modification zone (1) in the additive pretreatment housing (4),
when an external circuit is connected to the turbine shaft (7) and the turbine shaft (7) is rotated relative to the additive pretreatment housing (4), the turbine shaft (7) can form flow dispersion in the modification region (1) through turbine blades (8) arranged on a shaft body of the turbine shaft in a manner of eliminating agglomeration among particles of raw materials, so that the first powdery raw material can be enabled to utilize the vortex motion promoted by the intermittent communication manner to maximize the blending degree between the first powdery raw material and the second powdery raw material when being conveyed into the modification region (1),
when the first powdery raw material enters the modification area (1) and the rotation speed of the scroll rod (7) rotating relative to the additive pretreatment housing (4) is gradually increased, the turbine shaft rod (7) can cause the first powdery raw material and the second powdery raw material to gradually gather together towards the center of the suction swirl vortex through the suction swirl vortex generated at one end of the turbine blade (8) close to the turbine shaft rod (7), and the blending density between the first powdery raw material and the second powdery raw material obtained by stepwise refinement in the intermittent communication manner is gradually increased by the interaction of the entrainment vortex at the end portion and the reverse vortex generated at the other end of the turbine blade (8), such that the first powdered material and the second powdered material at least partially contact each other and merge.
3. The adding device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a vortex baffle (9) is arranged on the turbine blade (8) at the end remote from the vortex shaft (7), the vortex baffle (9) being adapted to generate the counter-vortex during operation of the vortex shaft (7) to achieve a turbulence-intensifying effect in the case of a maximum blending density tendency of the first powdery raw material and the second powdery raw material with respect to each other,
when the rotating speed of the vortex rod (7) rotating relative to the additive pretreatment shell (4) is gradually increased, in the first powdery raw material and the second powdery raw material which are gradually gathered together towards the center of the entrainment vortex, a first part of powdery raw material obtained by step refining in the intermittent communication mode moves in the modification area (1) along the blade surface of the turbine blade (8) at low turbulence intensity in a mode of not passing through the inclined blade-shaped plate surface, a second part of powdery raw material moves in the modification area (1) along the blade surface of the turbine blade (8) at low turbulence intensity in a mode of passing through the inclined blade-shaped plate surface formed on the vortex baffle (9) and opposite to the blade surface of the turbine blade (8), so that the second part of powdery raw material deflects and impacts the first part of powdery raw material and simultaneously under the reverse vortex action generated at the other end of the turbine blade (8) Promote mutual airflow disturbance, and under the turbulence strengthening action caused by the airflow disturbance, the powdered raw materials of all parts are contacted and combined with each other.
4. The addition device according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the addition device is provided with a screening means (12) for size screening and/or recycling the modified feedstock transported from the modification zone (1) to the next process step, wherein,
the sifting mechanism (12) being configured such that it communicates with the modification region (1) and the refining region (2), respectively, and when the adding device is operated, conveying modified raw materials at least comprising the first powdery raw material and the second powdery raw material which are fully contacted and combined with each other out of the modification area (1), dividing the modified raw materials into two parts of modified raw materials when the modified raw materials pass through the sieving mechanism (12), and recycling at least part of the modified raw materials which do not reach the sieving condition of the sieving mechanism (12) and are obtained after dividing into the adding device shell (3) along a conveying channel, the modified raw material is conveyed to the modification area (1) after sequentially passing through the pre-refining treatment of the refining area (2) and the re-refining treatment of the additive detention chamber (6) by the intermittent communication.
5. The adding apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sifting means (12) is further configured to collect a portion of the modified feedstock having a particle size or dispersion smaller than the sifting conditions of the sifting means (12) and to allow the portion of the modified feedstock to be transported along the modification zone (1) to the next process step in a manner that meets the required output rate or the required size, wherein the sifting means (12) is configured with a sifting aperture size in the range of 1um to 1000 um.
6. The adding device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the additive main mixing housing (5) is provided with at least one powder conveying section (11) extending through the outer wall of the additive main mixing housing (5) and communicating with the interior of the additive main mixing housing (5), and the additive pre-treatment housing (4) is provided with at least one powder supplying section (10) extending through the outer wall of the additive pre-treatment housing (4) and communicating with the interior of the additive pre-treatment housing (4), wherein,
the additive main mixing housing (5) and the additive pre-treatment housing (4) are arranged in a nested manner such that the powder supply section (10) can be aligned with the powder conveying section (11) or with the outer wall of the additive main mixing housing (5), and an additive detention chamber (6) which is positioned between the additive main mixing shell (5) and the additive pretreatment shell (4) and used for holding a certain amount of powdery raw materials is formed under the condition that the additive main mixing shell (5) and the additive pretreatment shell (4) are not in close-fitting sleeve connection, the additive retention chamber (6) is capable of being re-refined by intermittently aligning the powder supply section (10) with the powder conveying section (11) or with the outer wall of the additive main mixing housing (5), respectively, by relative movement of the additive main mixing housing (5) and the additive pre-treatment housing (4).
7. The addition device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the additive main mixing housing (5) and the additive pre-treatment housing (4) are fitted non-snugly to each other in such a way that the size of the formed additive retention chamber (6) is not larger than the particle radius requirement in the screening condition, so that the first powdery raw material obtained by means of the additive retention chamber (6) whose particle size does not yet meet the screening condition can be conveyed along the powder conveying section (11) into the modification zone (1) in such a way that the agglomeration of its particles is minimized,
and in the modification area (1), the rotation of the vortex rod (7) is controlled to promote the first powdery raw material to be further refined and maximize the blending density between the first powdery raw material and the second powdery raw material under the action of the shearing force generated by the interaction of the entrainment vortex and the reverse vortex, so that the first powdery raw material is contacted and combined with the second powdery raw material while the specific surface area of the first powdery raw material is rapidly increased to obtain a surface strong adhesive force.
8. A composite additive for improving the performance of a zirconia bulk ceramic, wherein the composite additive is added to the zirconia bulk ceramic by using the addition apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, the composite additive comprising at least one or more of a secondary ceramic, a dispersant and an auxiliary agent, wherein,
the mass percentage of the zirconia powder ceramic to be modified is 50-65%, the mass percentage of the auxiliary ceramic is 6-40%, the mass percentage of the dispersing agent is 3-20%, and the auxiliary agent at least comprises one or more of a binder, a plasticizer, a pigment additive or an antioxidant additive and is 1-20%.
9. The additive package of claim 8 wherein said dispersant comprises at least one or more of triethanolamine, isobutanol, tributyl phosphate, PVP-K30, or glycerol, and said secondary ceramic comprises at least one or more of silicon oxide, barium oxide, titanium oxide, niobium pentoxide, zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, strontium oxide, erbium oxide, iron oxide, tungsten carbide, calcium oxide, chromium oxide, zirconium nitride, or silicon carbide.
10. An adding method for adding a composite additive into zirconia powder ceramic, characterized in that the adding method adopts the adding device as claimed in one of the preceding claims to add the composite additive into the zirconia powder ceramic, and the adding method at least comprises one or more of the following steps:
conveying a selected amount of composite additive into a refining region (2) through a powder conveying section (11) arranged on a shell (3) of an adding device, in the refining region (2), pre-refining the composite additive conveyed into the refining region (2) through relative movement between a shell (4) of the additive pre-treatment and the shell (3) of the adding device, through a powder supply section (10) arranged on the shell (4) of the additive pre-treatment, the composite additive enters an additive detention chamber (6), and under the condition that the powder conveying section (11) arranged on a shell (5) of the additive main mixing and the powder supply section (10) arranged on the shell (4) of the additive pre-treatment are intermittently communicated, the composite additive sequentially subjected to the pre-refining treatment of the refining region (2) and the re-refining treatment of the additive detention chamber (6) is distributed into a modification region (1) ,
adding the zirconia powder ceramic after the thinning treatment into the modification region (1), wherein the composite additive is gradually gathered with the zirconia ceramic powder under the vortex motion provided in the modification region (1), so that the composite additive and the zirconia ceramic powder are blended with each other and at least partially contacted and combined.
CN201911092330.7A 2019-11-08 2019-11-08 Composite additive for improving ceramic performance of zirconia powder Active CN110900822B (en)

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CN108080649A (en) * 2017-12-14 2018-05-29 新冶高科技集团有限公司 A kind of method that hydrocarbon duplex reduction of low temperature prepares superfine iron powder
CN110252470A (en) * 2019-05-23 2019-09-20 广东职业技术学院 A kind of ball mill for ceramic glaze grinding

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1864928A (en) * 2005-05-19 2006-11-22 比勒股份公司 Stirring mill
KR100655117B1 (en) * 2005-12-02 2006-12-08 박정선 Pug blade of brick molding machine
CN201505543U (en) * 2009-09-15 2010-06-16 李柏荣 Gravitational-field circulation grinder
CN106116577A (en) * 2016-06-30 2016-11-16 曹柏青 Ceramic preparation, pottery and basalt bushing
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