CN110900778B - Plant fiber artificial board and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Plant fiber artificial board and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110900778B CN110900778B CN201911299614.3A CN201911299614A CN110900778B CN 110900778 B CN110900778 B CN 110900778B CN 201911299614 A CN201911299614 A CN 201911299614A CN 110900778 B CN110900778 B CN 110900778B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
- B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
- B27N3/04—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres from fibres
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
- B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
- B27N3/08—Moulding or pressing
- B27N3/10—Moulding of mats
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
- B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
- B27N3/08—Moulding or pressing
- B27N3/10—Moulding of mats
- B27N3/12—Moulding of mats from fibres
Abstract
The invention discloses a plant fiber artificial board and a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation raw materials of the plant fiber artificial board comprise: straw fiber, phosphate binder, plasticizer, water-retaining agent, porous carrier and optional wood chip fiber. The plant fiber artificial board has excellent performance, is environment-friendly and healthy, and has no formaldehyde emission.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of artificial boards, and particularly relates to a plant fiber artificial board and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
With the improvement of living standard, the requirements of people on living and office environments are increasing. The traditional pure solid wood board can not meet the requirements of the masses of people due to low yield and high cost. For this reason, various artificial boards have been developed to replace pure solid wood boards. However, in the using process, due to the use of the urea-formaldehyde resin as the binder, the artificial board can release a large amount of formaldehyde, which seriously affects the health of people. The phenolic resin glue has the problems of dark color, crisp glue layer and high cost, and in addition, the forest resource shortage is caused by the large consumption of wood, and the ecological environment is seriously influenced.
China is also a big agricultural country, and the planting area of crops is as large as hundreds of thousands of acres every year. After the crops are ripe and harvested, a considerable part of the straw is burned on site. However, the crop straws belong to natural plant fibers, can be used as raw materials for a plurality of industrial productions, and have great utilization value. Meanwhile, straw burning not only wastes resources seriously, but also destroys the soil structure to a certain extent, generates a large amount of toxic and harmful substances, seriously affects the ecological environment and threatens the health of people and other organisms.
Therefore, the research on a novel binder and the adoption of some plant fibers to partially or completely replace wood fibers has great significance for relieving ecological pressure and improving the living environment of people.
Aiming at the problems, the invention creatively provides the method for preparing the artificial board by adopting the phosphate inorganic material with rapid condensation and hardening, high early and later strength, good bonding property, small shrinkage, high temperature resistance and good freeze-thaw resistance as the bonding agent and adopting the crop straws rich in fibers to partially or completely replace wood fibers, aiming at realizing the preparation of the formaldehyde zero-release plant fiber board and the effective utilization of the crop straw resources. The artificial board can be used for preparing indoor composite floors, furniture, indoor decoration and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of formaldehyde release, brittle glue layer and high cost of the existing artificial board, the invention provides a novel plant fiber artificial board which has excellent performance, is environment-friendly and healthy, does not discharge formaldehyde, relieves the pressure of forest resources and avoids the harm of straw burning to the ecological environment.
The invention provides a plant fiber artificial board in a first aspect, which comprises the following preparation raw materials: straw fiber, phosphate binder, plasticizer, water-retaining agent, porous carrier and optional wood chip fiber.
According to some embodiments of the plant fiber artificial board, the wood chip fiber content is 0-27.5 wt% based on the total weight of the plant fiber artificial board. Such as 0 wt%, 5 wt%, 10 wt%, 15 wt%, 20 wt%, 25 wt%, 27.5 wt%, and any value therebetween.
According to some embodiments of the plant fiber artificial board, the content of the straw fiber is 42-54 wt% based on the total weight of the plant fiber artificial board. Such as 42 wt%, 45 wt%, 48 wt%, 50 wt%, 52 wt%, 54 wt%, and any value therebetween.
According to some embodiments of the plant fiber artificial board of the present invention, the content of the phosphate binder is 25 to 35 wt% based on the total weight of the plant fiber artificial board. Such as 25 wt%, 28 wt%, 30 wt%, 32 wt%, 35 wt%, and any value therebetween.
According to some embodiments of the plant fiber artificial board of the present invention, the plasticizer is present in an amount of 3 to 11 wt% based on the total weight of the plant fiber artificial board. Such as 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 wt%, and any value therebetween.
According to some embodiments of the artificial plant fiber board of the present invention, the water retention agent is present in an amount of 2 to 10 wt% based on the total weight of the phosphate binder. Such as 2 wt%, 3 wt%, 4 wt%, 5 wt%, 6 wt%, 7 wt%, 8 wt%, 9 wt%, 10 wt%, and any value therebetween.
According to some embodiments of the plant fiber artificial board of the present invention, the porous carrier is contained in an amount of 8 to 18 wt% based on the total weight of the phosphate binder. Such as 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, and any value therebetween.
According to some embodiments of the plant fiber based wood-based board of the present invention, the wood chip fiber is poplar wood chip fiber and/or pine wood chip fiber.
According to some embodiments of the plant fiber based board of the present invention, the wood chip fibers comprise short wood chip fibers and long wood chip fibers. Preferably, the short wood chip fibers have a length of 0.5 to 1 mm. Preferably, the length of the long wood chip fiber is 5-10 mm. More preferably, the weight ratio of the short wood chip fiber to the long wood chip fiber is (1-3) to 1.
According to some embodiments of the plant fiber based board of the present invention, the straw fiber is selected from the group consisting of wheat straw fiber, corn straw fiber and rice straw fiber.
According to some embodiments of the plant fiber based board of the present invention, the straw fiber comprises short straw fiber and long straw fiber. Preferably, the length of the short straw fiber is 1-4 mm. Preferably, the length of the long straw fiber is 10-15 mm. More preferably, the weight ratio of the short straw fiber to the long straw fiber is (1-4) to 1.
According to some embodiments of the plant fiber-based board of the present invention, the phosphate binder comprises a phosphate, a metal oxide, a retarder, and a mineral admixture.
According to some embodiments of the plant fiber-based board of the present invention, the metal oxide is present in an amount of 40 to 60 wt% based on the total weight of the phosphate binder. Such as 40 wt%, 45 wt%, 50 wt%, 55 wt%, 60 wt%, and any value therebetween.
According to some embodiments of the plant fiber-based board of the present invention, the phosphate is present in an amount of 20 to 40 wt% based on the total weight of the phosphate binder. Such as 20 wt%, 25 wt%, 30 wt%, 35 wt%, 40 wt%, and any value therebetween.
According to some embodiments of the plant fiber-based board of the present invention, the retarder is present in an amount of 1 to 5 wt% based on the total weight of the phosphate binder. Such as 1 wt%, 2 wt%, 3 wt%, 4 wt%, 5 wt%, and any value therebetween.
According to some embodiments of the artificial plant fiber board of the present invention, the content of the mineral admixture is 10 to 20 wt% based on the total weight of the phosphate binder. Such as 10 wt%, 12 wt%, 14 wt%, 16 wt%, 18 wt%, 20 wt%, and any value therebetween.
According to some embodiments of the artificial plant fiber board, the weight ratio of the metal oxide to the phosphate is (1.2-1.8) to 1. Such as 1.2: 1, 1.3: 1, 1.4: 1, 1.5: 1, 1.6: 1, 1.7: 1, 1.8: 1, and any value therebetween.
According to some embodiments of the plant fiber-based board of the present invention, the retarder is present in an amount of 3 to 8 wt% based on the weight of the metal oxide. Such as 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 wt%, and any value therebetween.
According to some embodiments of the artificial plant fiber board of the present invention, the content of the mineral admixture is 28-33 wt% based on the weight of the metal oxide. Such as 28 wt%, 29 wt%, 30 wt%, 31 wt%, 32 wt%, 33 wt%, and any value therebetween.
According to some embodiments of the plant fiber artificial board of the present invention, the phosphate is selected from the group consisting of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium hydrogen phosphate and potassium hydrogen phosphate, more preferably sodium dihydrogen phosphate and sodium hydrogen phosphate, and still more preferably, the weight ratio of sodium dihydrogen phosphate to sodium hydrogen phosphate is (1-3): 1.
According to some embodiments of the plant fiber based board of the invention, the metal oxide is selected from MgO and Al2O3(ii) a More preferably, the MgO is dead-burned MgO powder; and/or, the Al2O3Is nano Al2O3Powder, more preferably, the nano Al2O3The average grain diameter of the powder is 20-50 nm; more preferably, MgO is mixed with Al2O3The weight ratio of (1-3) to 1. Wherein the term "dead burned MgO" refers to magnesium oxide calcined at temperatures above 1000 ℃. Preferably, the average particle size of the dead burned MgO powder is 80 to 120 nm.
According to some embodiments of the plant fiber artificial board of the present invention, the retarder is sodium tripolyphosphate and/or sodium pyrophosphate; more preferably sodium pyrophosphate.
According to some embodiments of the artificial plant fiber board of the present invention, the mineral admixture is selected from the group consisting of metakaolin, ultrafine mineral powder and ultrafine fly ash, and more preferably metakaolin. Wherein the average particle size of the ultrafine fly ash is 10-30 μm.
According to some embodiments of the plant fiber based wood-based board of the present invention, the plasticizer is glycerol triacetate and/or tri-n-butyl citrate, and more preferably glycerol triacetate.
According to some embodiments of the artificial plant fiber board of the present invention, the water retaining agent is hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether.
According to some embodiments of the plant fiber artificial board of the present invention, the porous carrier is ceramsite, preferably, the average particle size of the porous carrier is 1-3 mm.
The second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing the plant fiber artificial board, comprising the following steps:
(A) carrying out first mixing on wood chip fibers, straw fibers and a plasticizer to obtain a first mixture;
(B) secondly mixing a phosphate binder, a water-retaining agent, a porous carrier and the first mixture obtained in the step (A) to obtain a second mixture;
(C) putting the second mixture obtained in the step (B) into a die for compression molding, and demolding to obtain a blank plate;
(D) and (C) steaming the blank plate obtained in the step (C).
According to some embodiments of the method of manufacturing of the present invention, the first mixing comprises: mixing in steam at 40-80 deg.C, and maintaining for 1-4 hr.
According to some embodiments of the method of manufacturing of the present invention, the second mixing is performed by: and B, spraying water mist during the process of mixing the phosphate binder, the water-retaining agent, the porous carrier and the first mixture obtained in the step A.
According to some embodiments of the method of manufacturing of the present invention, the press-molding process comprises: loading to 20-40MPa at the rate of 0.05-0.5MPa/s, stopping pressurizing, and maintaining for 2-60 min.
According to some embodiments of the method of manufacturing of the present invention, the steam-curing conditions include: the temperature is 40-80 ℃ and the time is 0.5-2 h.
According to some embodiments of the preparation method of the present invention, after the mixing of step (B) and before the pressing of step (C), the method further comprises a spraying release agent treatment, preferably, the release agent is methyl silicone oil.
According to some embodiments of the preparation method of the present invention, the feeding amount of the wood chip fiber, the straw fiber, the phosphate binder, the plasticizer, the water-retaining agent and the porous carrier is 0-27.5 wt%, the straw fiber 42-54 wt%, the phosphate binder 25-35 wt% and the plasticizer 3-11 wt% based on the total weight of the plant fiber artificial board; based on the total content of the phosphate binder, the content of the water retention agent is 2-10 wt%, and the content of the porous carrier is 8-18 wt%.
According to some embodiments of the method of making of the present invention, the wood chip fibers are poplar wood chip fibers and/or pine wood chip fibers.
According to some embodiments of the method of making of the present invention, the wood chip fibers comprise short wood chip fibers and long wood chip fibers. Preferably, the short wood chip fibers have a length of 0.5 to 1 mm. Preferably, the length of the long wood chip fiber is 5-10 mm. More preferably, the weight ratio of the short wood chip fiber to the long wood chip fiber is (1-3) to 1.
According to some embodiments of the method of making of the present invention, the straw fiber is selected from the group consisting of wheat straw fiber, corn straw fiber, and rice straw fiber.
According to some embodiments of the method of making of the present invention, the straw fiber comprises short straw fiber and long straw fiber. Preferably, the length of the short straw fiber is 1-4 mm. Preferably, the length of the long straw fiber is 10-15 mm. More preferably, the weight ratio of the short straw fiber to the long straw fiber is (1-4) to 1.
According to some embodiments of the method of making, the phosphate binder comprises a phosphate, a metal oxide, a retarder, and a mineral admixture.
According to some embodiments of the method of the present invention, the metal oxide is dosed in an amount of 40-60 wt.%, based on the total weight of the phosphate binder. Such as 40 wt%, 45 wt%, 50 wt%, 55 wt%, 60 wt%, and any value therebetween.
According to some embodiments of the method of the present invention, the phosphate is charged in an amount of 20-40 wt% based on the total weight of the phosphate binder. Such as 20 wt%, 25 wt%, 30 wt%, 35 wt%, 40 wt%, and any value therebetween.
According to some embodiments of the method of the present invention, the retarder is dosed in an amount of 1-5 wt% based on the total weight of the phosphate binder. Such as 1 wt%, 2 wt%, 3 wt%, 4 wt%, 5 wt%, and any value therebetween.
According to some embodiments of the method of the present invention, the mineral admixture is charged in an amount of 10 to 20% by weight, based on the total weight of the phosphate binder. Such as 10 wt%, 12 wt%, 14 wt%, 16 wt%, 18 wt%, 20 wt%, and any value therebetween.
According to some embodiments of the method of the present invention, the weight ratio of metal oxide to phosphate is (1.2-1.8): 1. Such as 1.2: 1, 1.3: 1, 1.4: 1, 1.5: 1, 1.6: 1, 1.7: 1, 1.8: 1, and any value therebetween.
According to some embodiments of the method of the present invention, the retarder is charged in an amount of 3 to 8 wt% based on the weight of the metal oxide. Such as 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 wt%, and any value therebetween.
According to some embodiments of the method of the present invention, the mineral admixture is charged in an amount of 28 to 33% by weight based on the weight of the metal oxide. Such as 28 wt%, 29 wt%, 30 wt%, 31 wt%, 32 wt%, 33 wt%, and any value therebetween.
According to some embodiments of the method of the present invention, the phosphate is selected from the group consisting of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium hydrogen phosphate, and potassium hydrogen phosphate, more preferably sodium dihydrogen phosphate and sodium hydrogen phosphate, and still more preferably, the weight ratio of sodium dihydrogen phosphate to sodium hydrogen phosphate is (1-3): 1.
According to some embodiments of the method of manufacturing of the present invention, the metal oxide is selected from MgO and Al2O3(ii) a More preferably, the MgO is dead-burned MgO powder; and/or, the Al2O3Is nano Al2O3Powder, more preferably, the nano Al2O3The average grain diameter of the powder is 20-50 nm; more preferably, MgO is mixed with Al2O3The weight ratio of (1-3) to 1. Wherein the term "dead burned MgO" refers to magnesium oxide calcined at temperatures above 1000 ℃. Preferably, the average particle size of the dead burned MgO powder is 80 to 120 nm.
According to some embodiments of the method of manufacturing of the present invention, the retarder is sodium tripolyphosphate and/or sodium pyrophosphate; more preferably sodium pyrophosphate.
According to some embodiments of the method of preparation of the present invention, the mineral admixture is selected from the group consisting of metakaolin, ultrafine mineral powder and ultrafine fly ash, more preferably metakaolin. Wherein the average particle size of the ultrafine fly ash is 10-30 μm.
According to some embodiments of the method of manufacturing of the present invention, the plasticizer is glycerol triacetate and/or tri-n-butyl citrate, more preferably glycerol triacetate.
According to some embodiments of the method of making, the water retaining agent is hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether.
According to some embodiments of the preparation method of the present invention, the porous carrier is a ceramsite, and preferably, the average particle size of the porous carrier is 1 to 3 mm.
According to a specific implementation mode of the preparation method, the plant fiber artificial board and the preparation process thereof have the following preparation steps:
(A) pretreatment of wood chip fiber and straw fiber: accurately weighing the components according to the weight ratio of the components, uniformly mixing the wood chip fiber, the straw fiber and the plasticizer in a steam environment at the temperature of 40-80 ℃, and standing for 1-4 hours after mixing is finished, so that the wood fiber and the straw fiber are plasticized, and the toughness of the wood fiber and the straw fiber is improved.
(B) Mixing materials: accurately weighing metal oxide, phosphate, retarder, mineral admixture, water-retaining agent and porous carrier in phosphate binder, placing the above components in a mixer, mixing uniformly, adding the pretreated wood chip fiber and straw fiber obtained in step (A), stirring uniformly again, and adding a certain amount of water in a spraying manner during stirring to make the mixed material in a semi-dry state (state containing water, such as 25-40 wt% water content).
(C) And (3) pressing and forming: before pressing, a mold release agent is sprayed in the mold of the cold press, preferably the mold release agent is methyl silicone oil. And (C) subsequently, putting the uniformly mixed semi-dry material obtained in the step (B) into a mould of a cold press, loading the material to 20-40MPa at the speed of 0.05-0.5MPa/s, stopping pressurizing, keeping for 2-60min, and then demoulding to obtain the plant fiber blank plate.
(D) Steaming: and (C) placing the blank plate obtained in the step (C) in an environment with the temperature of 40-80 ℃ for steam curing for 0.5-2h, cooling, and cutting according to the requirement to obtain the required plant fiber plate.
In the present invention, the steam-curing may be a steam-curing method that is conventional in the art, such as steam-curing. When the method is operated at the optimal temperature and time, the prepared plant fiber artificial board has better performance.
The preparation method of the invention takes the phosphate inorganic material with rapid setting and hardening, high early and later strength, good adhesive property, small shrinkage, high temperature resistance and good freeze-thaw resistance as the binder, and realizes zero release of formaldehyde of the artificial board. The plasticizer is used for improving the softening of the wood chip fibers and the straw fibers to a certain degree, improving the toughness of the wood chip fibers and the straw fibers and further improving the fracture resistance of the board. Secondly, the ceramsite porous material is used as a carrier, so that water stored in the ceramsite porous material is released in the pressurizing process, further reaction among all substances of the phosphate binder is promoted, and the cementing strength is improved. Meanwhile, the water loss of the mixture in the pressurizing process is reduced by using the water-retaining agent, and the colloid generated by further reaction among various substances of the phosphate colloid is guaranteed. In addition, in the pressing process, the slowly increased pressure and the constant pressure are kept to ensure that free water in the material is fully transferred in the green body, so that all components of phosphate colloids at different parts of the green body are fully reacted, and further, the sawdust fibers and the straw fibers in the green body are effectively cemented. The plant fiber artificial board obtained by the method has excellent performance and wide application value.
The third aspect of the invention provides the plant fiber artificial board and/or the application of the plant fiber artificial board prepared by the method.
For example in the building sector, such as interior finishing, furniture manufacture and exterior wall insulation, etc.
The plant fiber artificial board and the preparation process thereof provided by the invention improve the fiber toughness and improve the board performance through the plasticizing effect of the plasticizer. And the synergistic effect of the water-retaining agent and the porous material effectively improves the adhesive property of the phosphate adhesive. Meanwhile, the slowly increased pressure and the constant pressure are kept to ensure that free water in the material is fully transferred in the green body, so that the full reaction of each component of phosphate colloid is promoted, and the effective cementation of straw fibers and optional wood chip fibers in the green body is realized. The plant fiber artificial board prepared by the method has excellent board performance, is environment-friendly and healthy, does not emit formaldehyde, relieves the pressure of forest resources, avoids the harm of straw burning to the ecological environment, and has extremely high popularization prospect.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention easier to understand, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
[ example 1 ]
Accurately weighing each substance, specifically referring to table 1, based on the total weight of each substance, the weight of wheat straw fiber (the weight ratio of short straw fiber with the length of 1-4mm to long straw fiber with the length of 10-15mm is 5: 2) is 49.2 wt%, the weight of triacetin (plasticizer) is 10 wt%, and the weight of phosphate binder is 31.9 wt%; the weight of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether (water retention agent) was 10 wt.% and the weight of ceramsite (porous carrier, average particle size 2mm) was 18 wt.%, based on the total weight of the phosphate binder.
Wherein, the total weight of the phosphate binder is taken as a reference, and MgO powder and nano Al are re-sintered2O3Powder (metal oxide, nano Al)2O3The average particle diameter of the powder was 40nm, and the average particle diameter of the dead-burned MgO powderThe diameter is 100nm, and the MgO powder and the nano Al are re-sintered2O3The weight ratio of the powder was 2: 1), the total weight of sodium dihydrogen phosphate and sodium hydrogen phosphate (phosphate, the weight ratio of sodium dihydrogen phosphate and sodium hydrogen phosphate was 2: 1), the total weight of sodium pyrophosphate (retarder), and the content of metakaolin (mineral admixture) were 49 wt%, 32.5 wt%, 2.5 wt%, and 16 wt%.
(A) Pretreatment of straw fibers: uniformly mixing the wheat straw fiber and the glycerol triacetate in a steam environment at the temperature of 40 ℃, and standing for 4 hours after mixing to obtain a pretreated mixture.
(B) Mixing materials: and (2) placing the metal oxide, the phosphate, the retarder, the mineral admixture, the water-retaining agent and the porous carrier into a mixer to be uniformly mixed, then adding the pretreated mixture obtained in the step (A), stirring and uniformly mixing the mixture again, and adding water (water spray) in a spraying mode in the stirring process to enable the mixed material to be in a semi-dry state (the water content is 25 weight percent) to obtain a semi-dry mixture.
(C) And (3) pressing and forming: before pressing, spraying methyl silicone oil (release agent) in a mould of a cold press, then putting the semi-dry mixture obtained in the step (B) into the mould of the cold press, loading the semi-dry mixture to 20MPa at the speed of 0.5MPa/s, stopping pressurizing, keeping for 60min, and then demoulding to obtain the plant fiber blank plate.
(D) Steaming: and (C) placing the blank plate obtained in the step (C) in an environment of 40 ℃ for steam curing for 0.5h, cooling, and cutting according to the requirement to obtain the plant fiber plate.
[ example 2 ]
Accurately weighing the substances, specifically referring to tables 1 and 2, wherein the weight of poplar wood chip fibers (the weight ratio of short wood chip fibers with the length of 0.5-1mm to long wood chip fibers with the length of 5-10mm is 3: 1) is 7.4 wt%, the weight of wheat straw fibers (the weight ratio of short straw fibers with the length of 1-4mm to long straw fibers with the length of 10-15mm is 5: 2) is 47.3 wt%, the weight of triacetin (plasticizer) is 8.3 wt%, and the weight of phosphate binder is 29.6 wt% based on the total weight of the substances; the weight of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether (water retention agent) was 9 wt.% and the weight of ceramsite (porous carrier, average particle size 2mm) was 16 wt.%, based on the total weight of the phosphate binder.
Wherein, the total weight of the phosphate binder is taken as a reference, and MgO powder and nano Al are re-sintered2O3Powder (metal oxide, nano Al)2O3The average particle diameter of the powder is 40nm, the average particle diameter of the dead burned MgO powder is 100nm, and the dead burned MgO powder and the nano Al2O3The weight ratio of the powder was 2: 1), the total weight of sodium dihydrogen phosphate and sodium hydrogen phosphate (phosphate, the weight ratio of sodium dihydrogen phosphate and sodium hydrogen phosphate was 2: 1), the total weight of sodium pyrophosphate (retarder), and the content of metakaolin (mineral admixture) were 49 wt%, 32.5 wt%, 2.5 wt%, and 16 wt%.
(A) Pretreatment of wood chip fiber and straw fiber: uniformly mixing poplar wood chip fibers, wheat straw fibers and glycerol triacetate in a steam environment at the temperature of 60 ℃, and standing for 2 hours after mixing to obtain a pretreated mixture.
(B) Mixing materials: and (2) placing the metal oxide, the phosphate, the retarder, the mineral admixture, the water-retaining agent and the porous carrier into a mixer, uniformly mixing, then adding the pretreated mixture obtained in the step (A), uniformly stirring and mixing again, and adding water in a spraying mode during stirring to enable the mixed material to be in a semi-dry state (the water content is 30 weight percent) to obtain a semi-dry mixture.
(C) And (3) pressing and forming: before pressing, spraying methyl silicone oil (release agent) in a mould of a cold press, then putting the semi-dry mixture obtained in the step (B) into the mould of the cold press, loading the semi-dry mixture to 30MPa at the speed of 0.1MPa/s, stopping pressurizing, keeping for 40min, and then demoulding to obtain the plant fiber blank plate.
(D) Steaming: and (C) placing the blank plate obtained in the step (C) in an environment of 80 ℃ for steam curing for 1h, cooling, and cutting according to needs to obtain the plant fiber plate.
[ example 3 ]
Accurately weighing the substances, specifically referring to table 1, based on the total weight of the substances, the weight of pine wood chip fibers (the weight ratio of short wood chip fibers with the length of 0.5-1mm to long wood chip fibers with the length of 5-10mm is 3: 1) is 14.2 wt%, the weight of corn straw fibers (the weight ratio of short straw fibers with the length of 1-4mm to long straw fibers with the length of 10-15mm is 5: 2) is 46.4 wt%, the weight of triacetin (plasticizer) is 6.6 wt%, and the weight of phosphate binder is 27.5 wt%; the weight of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether (water retention agent) was 6 wt.% and the weight of ceramsite (porous carrier, average particle size 2mm) was 13 wt.%, based on the total weight of the phosphate binder.
Wherein, the total weight of the phosphate binder is taken as a reference, and MgO powder and nano Al are re-sintered2O3Powder (metal oxide, nano Al)2O3The average particle diameter of the powder is 40nm, the average particle diameter of the dead burned MgO powder is 100nm, and the dead burned MgO powder and the nano Al2O3The weight ratio of the powder was 2: 1), the total weight of sodium dihydrogen phosphate and sodium hydrogen phosphate (phosphate, the weight ratio of sodium dihydrogen phosphate and sodium hydrogen phosphate was 2: 1), the total weight of sodium pyrophosphate (retarder), and the content of metakaolin (mineral admixture) were 49 wt%, 32.5 wt%, 2.5 wt%, and 16 wt%.
(A) Pretreatment of wood chip fiber and straw fiber: uniformly mixing pine wood chip fibers, corn straw fibers and glycerol triacetate in a steam environment at the temperature of 80 ℃, and standing for 1h after mixing to obtain a pretreated mixture.
(B) Mixing materials: and (2) placing the metal oxide, the phosphate, the retarder, the mineral admixture, the water-retaining agent and the porous carrier into a mixer, uniformly mixing, then adding the pretreated mixture obtained in the step (A), uniformly stirring and mixing again, and adding water in a spraying mode during stirring to enable the mixed material to be in a semi-dry state (the water content is 40 weight percent) to obtain a semi-dry mixture.
(C) And (3) pressing and forming: before pressing, spraying methyl silicone oil (release agent) in a mould of a cold press, then putting the semi-dry mixture obtained in the step (B) into the mould of the cold press, loading the semi-dry mixture to 40MPa at the speed of 0.05MPa/s, stopping pressurizing, keeping for 2min, and then demoulding to obtain the plant fiber blank plate.
(D) Steaming: and (C) placing the blank plate obtained in the step (C) in an environment of 60 ℃ for steam curing for 2h, cooling and cutting according to the requirement to obtain the plant fiber plate.
[ examples 4 to 12 ]
The procedure of example 2 was followed except that the parameters of straw fiber, phosphate binder, plasticizer, water retaining agent, porous carrier and wood chip fiber were as shown in Table 1.
[ examples 13 to 16 ]
The procedure of example 2 was followed except that the parameters of the phosphate binder, as specified in Table 2, were used.
Comparative example 1
The procedure of example 2 was followed except that glycerol triacetate (plasticizer) was not added.
Comparative example 2
The procedure of example 2 was followed except that hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether (water retaining agent) was not added.
Comparative example 3
The procedure is as in example 2, except that no haydite (porous support, average particle size 2mm) is added.
[ test examples ]
The plant fiber sheets prepared in examples 1-16 and comparative examples 1-3 were tested for static bending strength, water absorption expansion rate, dimensional stability, water content, formaldehyde emission, internal bond strength, and cigarette ignition grade (surface cigarette ignition resistance) according to the international GB/T17657-2013 physicochemical property test method for artificial boards and veneers, respectively, and the results are shown in Table 3.
As can be seen from examples 1-16 and comparative examples 1-3, the plant fiber artificial board prepared by the method of the invention has excellent performance, the static bending strength of the plant fiber artificial board is obviously higher than that of a common medium density board, the water absorption expansion rate is low, the size performance is stable, the internal bonding strength is qualified, the board has no formaldehyde emission, and the plant fiber artificial board has excellent surface cigarette burning resistance.
What has been described above is merely a preferred example of the present invention. It should be noted that other equivalent variations and modifications can be made by those skilled in the art based on the technical teaching provided by the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention should be considered.
Claims (40)
1. A preparation method of a plant fiber artificial board comprises the following steps:
(A) carrying out first mixing on wood chip fibers, straw fibers and a plasticizer to obtain a first mixture;
(B) secondly mixing a phosphate binder, a water-retaining agent, a porous carrier and the first mixture obtained in the step (A), and spraying water mist in the second mixing process to obtain a second mixture;
(C) putting the second mixture obtained in the step (B) into a die for compression molding, and demolding to obtain a blank plate;
(D) steaming the blank plate obtained in the step (C);
wherein the phosphate binder comprises a phosphate and a metal oxide.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first mixing comprises: mixing in steam at 40-80 deg.C, and maintaining for 1-4 hr.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the press forming comprises: loading to 20-40MPa at the rate of 0.05-0.5MPa/s, stopping pressurizing, and maintaining for 2-60 min.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the steam-curing conditions comprise: the temperature is 40-80 ℃ and the time is 0.5-2 h.
5. The method of any one of claims 1-4, further comprising spraying a release agent treatment after the mixing of step (B) and before the pressing of step (C).
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the release agent is methyl silicone oil.
7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the wood chip fiber content is 0 to 27.5 wt%, the straw fiber content is 42 to 54 wt%, the phosphate binder content is 25 to 35 wt%, and the plasticizer content is 3 to 11 wt%, based on the total weight of the plant fiber-based board; based on the total weight of the phosphate binder, the content of the water retention agent is 2-10 wt%, and the content of the porous carrier is 8-18 wt%.
8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the wood chip fibers are poplar wood chip fibers and/or pine wood chip fibers.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein said wood chip fibers comprise short wood chip fibers and long wood chip fibers.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the short wood chip fibers have a length of 0.5 to 1 mm.
11. The method of claim 9, wherein the length of the long wood chips is 5-10 mm.
12. The method according to claim 9, wherein the weight ratio of short wood chip fibers to long wood chip fibers is (1-3): 1.
13. the method of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the straw fiber is selected from the group consisting of wheat straw fiber, corn straw fiber, and rice straw fiber.
14. The method of claim 13, wherein said straw fibers comprise short straw fibers and long straw fibers.
15. The method of claim 14, wherein the short straw fibers have a length of 1-4 mm.
16. The method of claim 14, wherein the long straw fibers have a length of 10-15 mm.
17. The method of claim 14, wherein the weight ratio of short straw fiber to long straw fiber is (1-4): 1.
18. the method of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the phosphate binder further comprises a set retarder and a mineral admixture.
19. The method of claim 18, wherein the metal oxide is present in an amount of 40 to 60 wt.%, the phosphate is present in an amount of 20 to 40 wt.%, the retarder is present in an amount of 1 to 5 wt.%, and the mineral admixture is present in an amount of 10 to 20 wt.%, based on the total weight of the phosphate binder.
20. The method of claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of metal oxide to phosphate is (1.2-1.8): 1.
21. the method of claim 18, wherein the retarder is present in an amount of 3 to 8 wt.% and the mineral admixture is present in an amount of 28 to 33 wt.%, based on the weight of the metal oxide.
22. The method of claim 18, wherein the phosphate is selected from the group consisting of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium hydrogen phosphate, and potassium hydrogen phosphate.
23. The method of claim 22, wherein the phosphate salt is sodium dihydrogen phosphate and sodium hydrogen phosphate.
24. The method of claim 23, wherein the weight ratio of sodium dihydrogen phosphate to sodium hydrogen phosphate is (1-3): 1.
25. the method of claim 18, wherein the metal oxide is selected from the group consisting of MgO and Al2O3。
26. The method of claim 25, wherein the MgO is dead burned MgO powder.
27. The method of claim 25, wherein the Al is present2O3Is nano Al2O3And (3) powder.
28. The method of claim 27, wherein the nano Al is present in a concentration of about ten percent (nm)2O3The average particle diameter of the powder is 20-50 nm.
29. The method of claim 25, wherein MgO and Al2O3The weight ratio of (1-3): 1.
30. the method of claim 18, wherein the retarder is sodium tripolyphosphate and/or sodium pyrophosphate.
31. The method of claim 30, wherein the set retarder is sodium pyrophosphate.
32. The method of claim 18, wherein the mineral admixture is selected from the group consisting of metakaolin, ultrafine mineral fines and ultrafine fly ash.
33. The method of claim 32, wherein the mineral admixture is metakaolin.
34. A process according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the plasticiser is glycerol triacetate and/or tri-n-butyl citrate.
35. The method of claim 34, wherein the plasticizer is glycerol triacetate.
36. The method of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the water retaining agent is hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether.
37. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the porous support is a ceramsite.
38. The method of claim 37, wherein the porous support has an average particle size of 1-3 mm.
39. A plant fiber based board made by the method of any one of claims 1-38.
40. Use of the plant fiber based wood-based board of claim 39.
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| JP2011218775A (en) * | 2010-02-10 | 2011-11-04 | Hitachi Chem Co Ltd | Woody building material |
| CN104369251A (en) * | 2013-08-14 | 2015-02-25 | 蒋华 | Manufacturing method cotton straw composite artificial board |
| CN104369235A (en) * | 2014-11-28 | 2015-02-25 | 苏州伊埃夫化学材料科技有限公司 | Environment-friendly multifunctional composite artificial board |
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| CN1570275A (en) * | 2004-05-11 | 2005-01-26 | 南京林业大学 | Method for making environment-friendly type composite vegetation high and medium density fiber board |
| CN1857885A (en) * | 2006-04-24 | 2006-11-08 | 南京林业大学 | Method of decreasing free formaldehyde in artificial plate with rice straw |
| JP2011218775A (en) * | 2010-02-10 | 2011-11-04 | Hitachi Chem Co Ltd | Woody building material |
| CN104369251A (en) * | 2013-08-14 | 2015-02-25 | 蒋华 | Manufacturing method cotton straw composite artificial board |
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