CN110900305B - Method for measuring positioning error of machine tool workbench - Google Patents

Method for measuring positioning error of machine tool workbench Download PDF

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CN110900305B
CN110900305B CN201911241219.XA CN201911241219A CN110900305B CN 110900305 B CN110900305 B CN 110900305B CN 201911241219 A CN201911241219 A CN 201911241219A CN 110900305 B CN110900305 B CN 110900305B
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workbench
machine tool
error
positioning error
numerical control
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CN110900305A (en
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刘宏伟
杨锐
向华
李波
陈国华
姜涛
武艳苗
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XY-HUST ADVANCED MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING RESEARCH INSTITUTE
Hubei University of Arts and Science
Beijing Xinghang Electromechanical Equipment Co Ltd
Xiangyang Vocational and Technical College
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XY-HUST ADVANCED MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING RESEARCH INSTITUTE
Hubei University of Arts and Science
Beijing Xinghang Electromechanical Equipment Co Ltd
Xiangyang Vocational and Technical College
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools

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  • Automatic Control Of Machine Tools (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for measuring the positioning error of a machine tool workbench, which comprises the steps of acquiring the actual moving distance of the workbench in a guide rail of the machine tool and the contact stress values of two sides of the workbench by a sensing device; respectively calculating a positioning error and a deflection error according to the actual moving distance and the contact stress value; and transmitting the positioning error and the deflection error to a numerical control module to complete the supplement of the machine tool set error. The advantages are that: the invention obtains the position error and the deflection angle error of the workbench during actual processing through real-time measurement, and the measurement result directly reflects the final position and the deflection angle of the workbench during operation along each axis. And the real-time compensation of the numerical control system is realized to the maximum extent by feeding back the actual measurement result to the numerical control system, so that the processing quality and efficiency are improved.

Description

Method for measuring positioning error of machine tool workbench
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for measuring the positioning error of a machine tool workbench, belonging to the technical field of geometric error measurement and compensation of machine tools.
Background
In numerical control machining, a method for dragging a main shaft and a workbench to move by means of lead screw transmission is currently adopted. In order to improve the positioning precision of the movement of the workbench, the accurate measurement of the displacement and the deflection angle of the movement of the workbench is a precondition for error compensation. Since the screw is a slender rod, thermal elongation is generated when the screw is influenced by temperature, and the movement of the workbench transfers motion and power when the screw rotates, so that the moving position of the workbench is influenced. At present, the adopted method is to detect the positioning accuracy of the workbench by means of measuring equipment, the measured data come from a laser interferometer, and then the data are averaged and filled into an error compensation module to achieve the purpose of compensation.
However, the measuring method has low efficiency and high requirement on an operator, and is generally carried out when a machine tool is not machined, so that the real-time performance of measurement is poor, tool fluctuation in the machining process cannot be timely compensated, and the machining precision of the machine tool is affected.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a method for measuring the positioning error of a machine tool workbench.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a method for measuring the positioning error of a machine tool workbench, which comprises the steps of acquiring the actual moving distance of the workbench in a guide rail of the machine tool and the contact stress values of two sides of the workbench by a sensing device;
respectively calculating a positioning error and a deflection error according to the actual moving distance and the contact stress value;
and transmitting the positioning error and the deflection error to a numerical control module to complete the supplement of the machine tool set error.
Further, the sensing device comprises a sensing material, a position sensor and a pressure sensor. The position error and the deflection angle error of the workbench in actual processing are obtained through real-time measurement, and the measurement result directly reflects the final position and the deflection angle of the workbench when the workbench runs along each axis.
The two induction materials are respectively arranged on the outer side surface of the machine tool guide rail along the guide rail direction; the position sensors are arranged on two side surfaces of the workbench and are in contact with the sensing material; the pressure sensors are also arranged on two side surfaces of the workbench and are in contact with the sensing material;
and the position sensor and the pressure sensor are electrically connected with the numerical control module.
Further, still include with lathe guide rail assorted slider, the slider has four, establishes respectively on four angles of the downside of workstation to the workstation direction of motion is the place ahead, and the same position of two sliders in the front is equipped with respectively pressure type position sensor, is equipped with respectively at the same position of two sliders in the rear strain type pressure sensor.
Further, the numerical control device further comprises a lead screw and a servo motor, wherein the lead screw is connected with the workbench and the servo motor respectively, the servo motor is used for driving the lead screw to rotate, the lead screw rotates to drive the workbench to move linearly, and the numerical control module controls the rotating angle of the servo motor so as to control the moving distance of the workbench.
Furthermore, the sensing material adopts a semiconductor strain gauge which has higher sensitivity and larger resistance change under smaller power consumption, and has better temperature stability, high linearity and large strain range.
Furthermore, the position sensor and the pressure sensor respectively adopt a pressure type position sensor and a strain type pressure sensor, the pressure type position sensor and the strain type pressure sensor are high in precision, wide in measuring range, long in service life, simple in structure and good in frequency response characteristic, can work under severe conditions, and are easy to realize miniaturization, integration, variety diversification and the like.
Further, the calculation process of the positioning error is as follows:
δ＝x-l0
wherein delta is the deviation value between the actual stop position and the ideal position of the workbench, x is the actual moving distance of the workbench acquired by the sensing device, and l0Is a preset ideal position distance.
Further, the calculation process of the yaw error is as follows:
Figure BDA0002306285130000021
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0002306285130000022
representing the prandtl stress function, G the shear modulus of the inductive material, and a the yaw angle per unit length.
The invention achieves the following beneficial effects:
the invention obtains the position error and the deflection angle error of the workbench during actual processing through real-time measurement, and the measurement result directly reflects the final position and the deflection angle of the workbench during operation along each axis. And the real-time compensation of the numerical control system is realized to the maximum extent by feeding back the actual measurement result to the numerical control system, so that the processing quality and efficiency are improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the measurement and compensation process of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic of the closed loop control of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the sensing device of the present invention with no deflection of the stage;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a sensing device for table deflection according to the present invention.
The device comprises a guide rail 1, a numerical control module 2, a workbench 3, a servo motor 4, a lead screw 5, a base 6, a semiconductor strain gauge 7, a slide block 8, a pressure type position sensor 9 and a strain type pressure sensor 10.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the embodiments described below are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained by the specific implementation mode in combination with the attached drawings.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used only for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplicity in description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, a method for measuring a positioning error of a machine tool table includes the following steps:
step 1, firstly, semiconductor strain gauges 7 are selected to be arranged on two side surfaces of a parallel guide rail 1, and position and pressure are detected by using a pressure type position sensor 9 and a strain type pressure sensor 10 respectively. The semiconductor strain gage 7 is fixed on the outer side surface of the parallel guide rail 1 along the motion direction of the guide rail, the pressure type position sensor 9 is installed on the sliding block 8 at the left end of the workbench 3, the strain type pressure sensor 10 is installed on the sliding block 8 at the right end of the workbench 3, the sliding block 8 is used for sliding in the rail 1, so that once the guide rail deviates in the operation process, one end of the same side of the two side surfaces is pressed, the other end of the same side.
Step 2, the guide rail 1 and the workbench 3 are contacted with each other, the contacted part of the workbench 3 is continuously changed in the moving process, when the moving distance of the workbench 3 is x, the actual staying position and the ideal position of the workbench deviate from a delta value due to the thermal extension of the lead screw 5, and the delta value is also detected by the semiconductor strain gauge in real time and is transmitted to the numerical control module 2 of the numerical control system through the pressure type position sensor;
the lead screw 5 is respectively connected with the workbench 3 and the servo motor 4, the servo motor 4 is used for driving the lead screw 5 to rotate, the lead screw rotates 5 to drive the workbench 3 to linearly move, and the numerical control module 2 controls the rotating angle of the servo motor 4 so as to control the moving distance of the workbench 3.
And 3, directly reading the displacement of the movement of the machine tool workbench, and calculating the deflection angle generated by the workbench by using a specific calculation formula as follows:
Figure BDA0002306285130000041
herein, the
Figure BDA0002306285130000042
Representing the prandtl stress function. Because two sides of the guide rail are acted by the workbench, the stress difference is generated at two ends of the same side of the induction material which is in mutual contact with the workbench, and the stress difference is the stress difference
Figure BDA0002306285130000043
G represents the shear modulus of the sensing material; α represents a yaw angle per unit length.
And 4, according to the measured and calculated data, the numerical control system can adjust the position of the cutter relative to the workbench in real time, so that the machining precision of the machine tool is effectively improved.
The invention obtains the position error and the deflection angle error of the workbench during actual processing through real-time measurement, and the measurement result directly reflects the final position and the deflection angle of the workbench during operation along each axis. And the real-time compensation of the numerical control system is realized to the maximum extent by feeding back the actual measurement result to the numerical control system, so that the processing quality and efficiency are improved.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
The above-mentioned embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. A method for measuring the positioning error of a machine tool workbench is characterized in that the actual moving distance of the workbench in a guide rail of the machine tool and the contact stress values of two sides of the workbench are obtained through a sensing device;
respectively calculating a positioning error and a deflection error according to the actual moving distance and the contact stress value;
transmitting the positioning error and the deflection error to a numerical control module to complete the supplement of the machine tool set error;
the sensing device comprises a sensing material, a position sensor and a pressure sensor;
the two induction materials are respectively arranged on the outer side surface of the machine tool guide rail along the guide rail direction; the position sensors are arranged on two side surfaces of the workbench and are in contact with the sensing material; the pressure sensors are also arranged on two side surfaces of the workbench and are in contact with the sensing material;
the position sensor and the pressure sensor are electrically connected with the numerical control module;
still include with lathe guide rail assorted slider, the slider has four, establishes respectively on four angles of the downside of workstation to the workstation direction of motion is the place ahead, is equipped with respectively at the same position of two sliders in the front pressure type position sensor is equipped with respectively at the same position of two sliders in the rear and meets an emergency pressure type pressure sensor.
2. The method for measuring the positioning error of the machine tool workbench according to claim 1, further comprising a lead screw and a servo motor, wherein the lead screw is respectively connected with the workbench and the servo motor, the servo motor is used for driving the lead screw to rotate, the lead screw rotates to drive the workbench to move linearly, and the numerical control module controls the rotation angle of the servo motor so as to control the moving distance of the workbench.
3. The machine tool table positioning error measurement method of claim 1, wherein the sensing material is a semiconductor strain gauge.
4. The method of measuring a positioning error of a machine tool table according to claim 1, wherein the position sensor and the pressure sensor are a pressure type position sensor and a strain type pressure sensor, respectively.
5. The method of measuring the positioning error of the machine tool table according to claim 1, wherein the calculation process of the positioning error is:
δ＝x-l0
wherein delta is the deviation value between the actual stop position and the ideal position of the workbench, x is the actual moving distance of the workbench acquired by the sensing device, and l0Is a preset ideal position distance;
x＝(x1+x2)/2
wherein x is1Distance of movement, x, acquired for one of the position sensors2The distance of movement collected for another position sensor.
6. The method of measuring machine tool table positioning error of claim 1, wherein the yaw error is calculated by:
Figure FDA0002923642130000021
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA0002923642130000022
representing the prandtl stress function, G the shear modulus of the inductive material, and a the yaw angle per unit length.
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CN113458811B (en) * 2021-06-29 2022-04-12 龙岩市日兴机械有限公司 Workbench suitable for machine tool
CN114237153B (en) * 2021-11-18 2023-08-29 襄阳华中科技大学先进制造工程研究院 Five-axis machine tool positioning error acquisition method, machining control method and machining control device

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