CN110898793A - Method for removing heavy metals in water body by using boron-doped mesoporous carbon - Google Patents
Method for removing heavy metals in water body by using boron-doped mesoporous carbon Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for removing heavy metals in water by using boron-doped mesoporous carbon, which comprises the following steps: mixing the boron-doped mesoporous carbon with the heavy metal-containing aqueous solution for oscillation adsorption, and performing solid-liquid separation to remove the heavy metals in the water body. The method for removing the heavy metals in the water body by using the boron-doped mesoporous carbon has the advantages of simple process, simplicity and convenience in operation, strong practicability, wide application range, high treatment efficiency, good removal effect and the like. Taking heavy metal lead as an example, the boron-doped mesoporous carbon is adopted to treat the lead-containing ion aqueous solution, so that the adsorption balance can be realized within 1h, and the adsorption efficiency is high; the theoretical highest adsorption quantity to lead is up to 439.0mg/g, and the adsorption capacity is high; meanwhile, the boron-doped mesoporous carbon can realize effective adsorption of various heavy metals at different pH values and temperatures, and has a wide application range, so that the boron-doped mesoporous carbon has great significance for quickly and effectively removing the heavy metals in the water body.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of wastewater treatment, and relates to a method for removing heavy metals in a water body by using boron-doped mesoporous carbon.
Background
The heavy metal pollutants in the water body mainly come from the discharge of industrial wastewater of mining and metallurgy, chemical industry, electronics, instruments, mechanical manufacturing and the like, and have higher toxicity and stability, a small amount of heavy metal enters the environment to cause larger influence on aquatic organisms and an ecological system, and is difficult to remove from the environment through the self-purification effect. In recent years, how to effectively remove heavy metal pollutants in water has attracted extensive attention.
At present, the methods for treating heavy metal wastewater mainly comprise a coagulation method, a membrane treatment technology, an ion exchange method, an oxidation-reduction method and the like. Among the methods for removing heavy metals in water, the adsorption method is simple, convenient and flexible to operate, good in adsorption effect and economical. The conventional adsorbents adopted in the adsorption method, such as activated carbon, zeolite and the like, have the characteristics of economy, simplicity and convenience, but most of the adsorbents have microporous structures, so that the mass transfer speed is low, and the adsorption efficiency is not high; meanwhile, these adsorbents have disadvantages such as low efficiency and low thermal stability. Therefore, obtaining a suitable adsorbent is of great significance for quickly and effectively removing heavy metal pollutants in the water body.
The novel mesoporous material is an excellent adsorbent due to the characteristics of regular and ordered mesoporous pore canal structure, huge specific surface area, pore volume and the like. The mesoporous carbon is an important component of mesoporous materials, has the characteristics of high specific surface area, chemical inertness, biocompatibility, large pore volume, good pore channel stability and the like, has higher adsorption capacity than substances such as active carbon, graphite powder, molecular polymers and the like, and has good reusability. In addition, chelating or complexing heavy metal ions by making the adsorbent carry functional groups such as amino, carboxyl, hydroxyl, sulfydryl and the like through surface modification is also an important way for improving the adsorption performance. However, the common mesoporous materials or the adsorbent materials modified by functional groups still have the problems of complicated preparation steps, slow adsorption rate, low adsorption capacity and the like. At present, reports of removing heavy metals in water by using boron-doped mesoporous carbon are not found.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides the method for removing the heavy metals in the water body by using the boron-doped mesoporous carbon, which has the advantages of simple process, simple and convenient operation, strong practicability, wide application range, high treatment efficiency and good removal effect.
In order to solve the problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for removing heavy metals in a water body by using boron-doped mesoporous carbon comprises the following steps: mixing the boron-doped mesoporous carbon with the heavy metal-containing aqueous solution for oscillation adsorption, and performing solid-liquid separation to remove the heavy metals in the water body.
In the method, the addition amount of the boron-doped mesoporous carbon in the heavy metal-containing aqueous solution is more than or equal to 0.2 mg/mL.
In the method, the addition amount of the boron-doped mesoporous carbon in the heavy metal-containing aqueous solution is further improved to be 0.2 mg/mL-0.4 mg/mL.
In the method, the initial concentration of the heavy metal in the heavy metal-containing aqueous solution is 50 mg/L-800 mg/L; the pH value of the heavy metal-containing water solution is 2.0-7.0; the heavy metal of the heavy metal-containing aqueous solution is lead.
In the method, the oscillation adsorption temperature is 25-45 ℃; the rotation speed of the oscillation adsorption is 150-180 rpm; the time of the oscillation adsorption is 1-3 h.
In the method, the boron-doped mesoporous carbon comprises mesoporous carbon, and the mesoporous carbon is doped with boron; the doping amount of boron in the boron-doped mesoporous carbon is 0.88 to 0.93 weight percent; the aperture of the boron-doped mesoporous carbon is 3 nm-5 nm; the specific surface area of the boron-doped mesoporous carbon is 883.8m2/g～1204.6m2/g。
In the above method, a further improvement is provided, and the preparation method of the boron-doped mesoporous carbon comprises the following steps:
s1, infiltrating the multi-component solution A into an SBA-15 mesoporous silicon template, and curing to obtain a compound A; the multi-component solution A is prepared by mixing boric acid, sucrose, concentrated sulfuric acid and water; the mass ratio of the boric acid, the cane sugar, the concentrated sulfuric acid and the water is 0.00625-0.025: 1.25-1.3: 0.14-0.15: 5;
s2, dipping the compound A obtained in the step S1 into the multi-component solution B, and curing to obtain a compound B; the multi-component solution B is prepared by mixing boric acid, sucrose, concentrated sulfuric acid and water; the mass ratio of the boric acid, the cane sugar, the concentrated sulfuric acid and the water is 0.004-0.016: 0.8-0.9: 0.09-0.10: 5;
and S3, carrying out heat treatment on the compound B obtained in the step S2, and removing the template to obtain the boron-doped mesoporous carbon.
In the step S1, the mass ratio of the boric acid to the mesoporous silicon template is 0.00625-0.025: 0.9-1; the curing is to heat to 95-100 ℃ for reaction for 6-7 h, then heat to 150-160 ℃ for reaction for 6-7 h;
in the step S2, the curing step is to heat the mixture to 95-100 ℃ for reaction for 6-7 h, and then heat the mixture to 150-160 ℃ for reaction for 6-7 h.
In a further improvement of the above method, in step S3, the heat treatment is performed under a protective gas; the protective gas is nitrogen with the purity of 99.99-99.999%; controlling the temperature rise speed to be 4-5 ℃/min in the heat treatment process; the temperature of the heat treatment is 800-900 ℃; the time of the heat treatment is 2-3 h.
In the above method, further improvement is that in step S1, the SBA-15 mesoporous silicon template is prepared by the following method: mixing and stirring a polyethylene oxide-polypropylene oxide-polyethylene oxide triblock copolymer and tetraethoxysilane at the temperature of 30-35 ℃ for 18-24 h to obtain a mixed solution; carrying out hydrothermal reaction on the mixed solution at 135-140 ℃ for 20-24 h to obtain white precipitate; and washing the white precipitate to be neutral, filtering, drying, and calcining at 500-550 ℃ for 4-6 h to obtain the SBA-15 mesoporous silicon template.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) the invention provides a method for removing heavy metals in water by using boron-doped mesoporous carbon, which realizes effective removal of heavy metals in water by mixing the boron-doped mesoporous carbon with a heavy metal-containing aqueous solution for oscillation adsorption and solid-liquid separation, and has the advantages of simple process, simple and convenient operation, strong practicability, wide application range, high treatment efficiency, good removal effect and the like. By taking heavy metal lead as an example, the boron-doped mesoporous carbon can realize adsorption balance within 1h by treating the lead ion-containing aqueous solution, and the adsorption efficiency is high; the theoretical highest adsorption capacity to lead is up to 439.0mg/g (the theoretical highest adsorption capacity of undoped mesoporous carbon is 295.2mg/g), and the adsorption capacity is high; meanwhile, the boron-doped mesoporous carbon can realize effective adsorption of various heavy metals at different pH values and temperatures, and has a wide application range. Therefore, the boron-doped mesoporous carbon is used for removing the heavy metals in the water body, and has great significance for quickly and effectively removing the heavy metals in the environment (water body).
(2) In the method, the boron-doped mesoporous carbon comprises mesoporous carbon, and boron is doped in the mesoporous carbon, wherein the mass percentage of the boron in the boron-doped mesoporous carbon is 0.88-0.93%. In the invention, boron is doped in the mesoporous carbon, so that a boron-containing functional group can be formed on the surface of the mesoporous carbon, and heavy metal binding sites are increased; the specific surface area and the pore volume of the boron-doped mesoporous carbon are also improved, so that the adsorption capacity can be improved. The boron-doped mesoporous carbon has the advantages of large specific surface area, good dispersibility (difficult agglomeration), stable physicochemical property, high adsorption rate, large adsorption capacity and the like; meanwhile, compared with undoped mesoporous carbon, the boron-doped mesoporous carbon disclosed by the invention contains boron functional groups, has a larger specific surface area and a higher pore volume, can improve the adsorption capacity to heavy metals, and has a higher practical value and a better application prospect.
(3) In the preparation method of the boron-doped mesoporous carbon, firstly, a multi-element solution A is permeated into a mesoporous silicon template by adopting an incipient wetness permeation method, and is solidified to obtain a compound A; then the compound A is dipped into the multi-component solution B and cured to obtain a compound B; and finally, carrying out heat treatment on the compound B, and removing the template to obtain the boron-doped mesoporous carbon. In the preparation method of the boron-doped mesoporous carbon, the mesoporous silicon template is adopted, and the boron-doped mesoporous carbon is synthesized in one step by a co-impregnation method, so that the preparation process is simple, the operation is convenient, toxic byproducts are not generated, the preparation method is suitable for large-scale preparation, and the industrial utilization is facilitated.
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In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.
FIG. 1 is a transmission electron micrograph of boron-doped mesoporous carbon (A1) prepared in example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a graph showing the distribution of the pore diameter of boron-doped mesoporous carbon (a1) prepared in example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a bar graph of adsorption capacities of boron-doped mesoporous carbon (A1) and undoped mesoporous carbon for lead at different pH values in example 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a graph showing the adsorption effect of boron-doped mesoporous carbon (a1) and undoped mesoporous carbon on lead under different time conditions in example 3 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and specific preferred embodiments of the description, without thereby limiting the scope of protection of the invention.
The materials and equipment used in the following examples are commercially available. In the examples of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, the processes used were conventional processes, the equipment used were conventional equipment, and the data obtained were average values of three or more experiments.
Example 1
A method for removing heavy metals in a water body by using boron-doped mesoporous carbon comprises the following specific steps: the method for removing lead ions in water by using boron-doped mesoporous carbon comprises the following steps: weighing boron-doped mesoporous carbon (A1, B1, B2 and B3) with different boron contents and undoped mesoporous carbon, adding 5mg of each boron-doped mesoporous carbon into 25mL of lead ion solution (the pH value of the solution is 7) with lead ion concentration of 100mg/L, oscillating and adsorbing for 3h at the conditions of 25 ℃ and 150rpm, and performing centrifugal separation to remove heavy metals in a water body.
In this embodiment, the method for preparing boron-doped mesoporous carbon (a1, B1, B2, B3) with different boron contents includes the following steps:
(1) preparing an SBA-15 mesoporous silicon template:
(1.1) 4.0g of a polyethylene oxide-polypropylene oxide-polyethylene oxide block copolymer P123 (molecular weight: 5800, manufactured by Sigma) was put in 160ml of a 1.5M HCl solution, and 8.5g of ethyl orthosilicate (TEOs) was added thereto, followed by mixing and stirring at 35 ℃ for 22 hours to obtain a mixed solution.
(1.2) carrying out hydrothermal reaction on the mixed liquid obtained in the step (1.1) at 140 ℃ for 24h to obtain a white precipitate.
(1.3) washing the white precipitate obtained in the step (1.2) to be neutral, filtering, air-drying at room temperature, and drying to obtain white powder; and (3) putting the white powder into a box-type furnace, controlling the heating rate to be l ℃/min, calcining for 4h at the temperature of 550 ℃, and grinding to obtain the SBA-15 mesoporous silicon template.
(2) Mixing boric acid (specific amount shown in table 1), sucrose (1.25 g), concentrated sulfuric acid (98%) (0.14 g) and water (5 g) to obtain a multi-component solution A; and (2) extracting the multi-component solution A, infiltrating 1.0g of the SBA-15 mesoporous silicon template prepared in the step (1) by using an incipient wetness impregnation method, then heating to 100 ℃ in air to solidify the mesoporous silicon template infiltrated with the multi-component solution A for 6h, and reacting for 6h at the temperature of 160 ℃ to obtain the compound A with different boric acid contents.
(3) Mixing boric acid (specific amount shown in table 1), sucrose (0.8 g), concentrated sulfuric acid (0.10 g, 98%) and water (5 g) to obtain a multi-component solution B; and (3) soaking the compound A obtained in the step (2) into the multi-component solution B, heating to 100 ℃ in the air, reacting for 6h, adjusting the temperature to 160 ℃, and reacting for 6h to obtain the compound B with different boric acid contents.
(4) Controlling the heating rate to be 5 ℃/min in nitrogen with the purity of 99.999 percent, heating the compound B obtained in the step (3) to 900 ℃ for heat treatment for 2h, washing twice by using a sodium hydroxide solution with the temperature of 90 ℃ and the concentration of 2M, removing the SBA-15 mesoporous silicon template in the compound, filtering, cleaning to be neutral, and drying at the temperature of 70 ℃ to obtain the boron-doped mesoporous carbon (A1, B1, B2 and B3).
In this example, after the oscillation adsorption is completed, the content of the remaining lead ions in the water sample solution is determined by atomic absorption, and the adsorption capacities of different boron-doped mesoporous carbons to heavy metals are calculated, with the results shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 adsorption capacities for lead of different boron-doped mesoporous carbons (A1, B1, B2, B3)
As shown in table 1, when the total amount of boric acid used in the preparation method is zero, the adsorption capacity of the prepared undoped mesoporous carbon to lead is significantly lower than that of most boron-doped mesoporous carbon. However, when the total amount of boric acid used in the preparation method is too high, the prepared boron-doped mesoporous carbon (B2 and B3) is also not beneficial to adsorbing heavy metals. Preferably, when the amount of the boric acid in the multi-component solution A is 0.0125g and the amount of the boric acid in the multi-component solution B is 0.008g, the heavy metal adsorption capacity of the prepared boron-doped mesoporous carbon (A1) is highest.
In this embodiment, the boron-doped mesoporous carbon (a1) includes mesoporous carbon doped with boron, wherein the boron-doped mesoporous carbon contains 0.88% of boron by mass. The aperture of the boron-doped mesoporous carbon is 3.3nm, and the specific surface area is 1204.6m2/g。
FIG. 1 is a transmission electron micrograph of boron-doped mesoporous carbon (A1) prepared in example 1 of the present invention. As can be seen from FIG. 1, the ordered band is clearly visible, indicating that the ordered mesoporous structure is not destroyed after boron doping.
Fig. 2 is a graph showing the distribution of the pore diameter of boron-doped mesoporous carbon (a1) prepared in example 1 of the present invention. Estimating the total particle size distribution of the boron-doped mesoporous carbon by using a BJH model to obtain a particle size distribution diagram as shown in figure 2, knowing that the peak value of the pore size distribution of the boron-doped mesoporous carbon is mainly 3.3nm, calculating the boron-doped mesoporous carbonThe specific surface area of the mesoporous carbon is 1204.6m2Per g, pore volume 1.68cm3(ii) in terms of/g. The specific surface area of the undoped mesoporous carbon prepared by the steps is 900.4m without adding boric acid2Per g, pore volume 1.33cm3The specific surface area and the pore volume of the boron-doped mesoporous carbon are improved.
Example 2
A method for removing heavy metals in a water body by using boron-doped mesoporous carbon comprises the following specific steps: the boron-doped mesoporous carbon (a1) prepared in example 1 was used to remove lead ions from water, and the method comprises the following steps:
(1) 6 groups of 25mL aqueous solutions of lead ions at a concentration of 100mg/L were prepared, and the pH values were adjusted to 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7, respectively.
(2) 5mg of boron-doped mesoporous carbon (A1) prepared in example 1 is added into each group of solution, and the solution is vibrated and adsorbed for 1h at the temperature of 25 ℃ and the rpm of 150, and is centrifugally separated to remove heavy metals in the water body.
Meanwhile, undoped mesoporous carbon is adopted to replace boron-doped mesoporous carbon, and the removal effect of the undoped mesoporous carbon on lead ions under different pH values is investigated under the same condition.
The content of the remaining lead ions in the solution was measured by atomic absorption, and the adsorption capacities of boron-doped mesoporous carbon (a1) and undoped mesoporous carbon to heavy metals were calculated, and the results are shown in fig. 3.
FIG. 3 is a bar graph of adsorption capacities of boron-doped mesoporous carbon (A1) and undoped mesoporous carbon for lead at different pH values in example 2 of the present invention. As can be seen from fig. 3, the adsorption capacity of boron-doped mesoporous carbon (a1) and undoped mesoporous carbon to lead increases with increasing pH. However, in the studied pH value range, the boron-doped mesoporous carbon has higher adsorption capacity to heavy metal lead, and the adsorption capacity is higher than that of undoped mesoporous carbon, which indicates that the boron-doped mesoporous carbon has a wider pH value range; particularly, for lead ions in neutral water, the adsorption capacity of the boron-doped mesoporous carbon to the lead ions is obviously higher than that of undoped mesoporous carbon, and when the pH value is 7, the adsorption capacities of the boron-doped mesoporous carbon and the undoped mesoporous carbon to the lead ions are 123.5mg/g and 97.6mg/g respectively.
Example 3
A method for removing heavy metals in a water body by using boron-doped mesoporous carbon comprises the following specific steps: the boron-doped mesoporous carbon (a1) prepared in example 1 was used to remove lead ions from water, comprising the following steps:
adding 5mg of boron-doped mesoporous carbon (A1) prepared in example 1 into 25mL of lead ion aqueous solution with the concentration of 100mg/L (the pH value of the solution is 7), oscillating and adsorbing for 5min, 10min, 20min, 30min, 45min, 1h, 1.5h, 2h and 3h at the conditions of 25 ℃ and 150rpm, and then carrying out centrifugal separation to remove heavy metals in the water body.
Meanwhile, undoped mesoporous carbon is adopted to replace boron doped mesoporous carbon (A1), and the removal effect of the undoped mesoporous carbon on lead ions under different time conditions is examined under the same conditions.
In the process of oscillating adsorption, when the oscillating adsorption time is 5min, 10min, 20min, 30min, 45min, 1h, 1.5h, 2h and 3h, sampling, then measuring the content of the residual lead ions in the water sample solution by utilizing atomic absorption, and calculating the adsorption capacity of the boron-doped mesoporous carbon (A1) and the undoped mesoporous carbon to heavy metals, wherein the result is shown in figure 4.
Fig. 4 is a graph showing the adsorption effect of boron-doped mesoporous carbon (a1) and undoped mesoporous carbon on lead under different time conditions in example 3 of the present invention. As can be seen from fig. 4, the removal rate of the heavy metal is fast for the boron-doped mesoporous carbon (a1), and the adsorption balance can be achieved for 1 hour for both types of mesoporous carbon. Therefore, the boron-doped mesoporous carbon can be applied to quickly removing heavy metals in water.
Example 4
A method for removing heavy metals in a water body by using boron-doped mesoporous carbon comprises the following specific steps: the boron-doped mesoporous carbon (a1) prepared in example 1 was used to remove lead ions from water, comprising the following steps:
8 groups of lead ion aqueous solutions with the volume of 25mL (the pH values of the solutions are all 7) are prepared, the lead ion concentrations of the solutions are respectively 50, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600 and 800mg/L, 5mg of boron-doped mesoporous carbon (A1) prepared in example 1 is respectively added, oscillation adsorption is carried out for 1h at the temperature of 25 ℃ and the speed of 150rpm, centrifugal separation is carried out, and the removal of heavy metals in the water body is completed.
8 groups of lead ion aqueous solutions with the volume of 25mL (the pH values of the solutions are all 7) are prepared, the lead ion concentrations of the solutions are respectively 50, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600 and 800mg/L, 5mg of boron-doped mesoporous carbon (A1) prepared in example 1 is respectively added, and the solutions are subjected to shaking adsorption for 1h and centrifugal separation under the conditions of 35 ℃ and 150rpm to complete the removal of heavy metals in the water body.
8 groups of lead ion aqueous solutions with the volume of 25mL (the pH values of the solutions are all 7) are prepared, the lead ion concentrations of the solutions are respectively 50, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600 and 800mg/L, 5mg of boron-doped mesoporous carbon (A1) prepared in example 1 is respectively added, and the solutions are subjected to oscillation adsorption for 1h and centrifugal separation under the conditions of 45 ℃ and 150rpm to complete the removal of heavy metals in the water body.
Meanwhile, undoped mesoporous carbon is adopted to replace boron doped mesoporous carbon (A1), and the removal effect of the undoped mesoporous carbon on lead ions under different temperature conditions is examined under the same conditions.
After the oscillating adsorption is completed, the content of the lead ions remained in the solution is measured by utilizing atomic absorption, and the theoretical maximum adsorption capacity of the boron-doped mesoporous carbon (A1) and the undoped mesoporous carbon to the lead is calculated according to the Langmuir adsorption isothermal equation (1), and the experimental results are shown in the table 1.
Wherein q iseTo balance the adsorption capacity (mg/g), CeIs (mg/L), qmFor the theoretical optimum adsorption capacity (mg/g), and b is the adsorption equilibrium constant (L/mg).
TABLE 2 Langmuir isothermal adsorption model parameters for boron doped mesoporous carbon (A1) adsorption of heavy metals at different temperatures
As can be seen from Table 2, the adsorption capacity of boron-doped mesoporous carbon (A1) and undoped mesoporous carbon to heavy metal lead increases with the initial concentration of heavy metal lead, and at the same time, the temperature of the solution increases to facilitate the removal of heavy metals by the adsorbent. Under the best condition, the theoretical highest adsorption quantity of boron-doped mesoporous carbon (A1) to lead is up to 439.0mg/g and is far higher than the theoretical highest adsorption capacity (295.2mg/g) of undoped mesoporous carbon, and the adsorption capacity of boron-doped mesoporous carbon is greatly improved, which probably is that boron-containing functional groups are formed on the surface of the mesoporous carbon after boron doping, heavy metal binding sites are increased, and the adsorption capacity is improved.
The result shows that the adsorption capacity of the boron-doped mesoporous carbon is improved under various concentrations and temperatures, the range of the initial concentration of the heavy metal and the temperature range which can be adapted by the boron-doped mesoporous carbon are wider, and the boron-doped mesoporous carbon can still be effectively removed under the conditions of higher initial concentration of the heavy metal and different temperatures.
The above examples are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited to the above examples. All technical schemes belonging to the idea of the invention belong to the protection scope of the invention. It should be noted that modifications and embellishments within the scope of the invention may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the invention, and such modifications and embellishments should also be considered as within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for removing heavy metals in a water body by using boron-doped mesoporous carbon is characterized by comprising the following steps: mixing the boron-doped mesoporous carbon with the heavy metal-containing aqueous solution for oscillation adsorption, and performing solid-liquid separation to remove the heavy metals in the water body.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the amount of boron-doped mesoporous carbon added to the aqueous solution containing heavy metals is not less than 0.2 mg/mL.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the amount of boron-doped mesoporous carbon added to the aqueous solution containing heavy metals is 0.2mg/mL to 0.4 mg/mL.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the initial concentration of heavy metal in the aqueous solution containing heavy metal is 50mg/L to 800 mg/L; the pH value of the heavy metal-containing water solution is 2.0-7.0; the heavy metal of the heavy metal-containing aqueous solution is lead.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the oscillatory adsorption is at a temperature of 25 ℃ to 45 ℃; the rotation speed of the oscillation adsorption is 150-180 rpm; the time of the oscillation adsorption is 1-3 h.
6. The method of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the boron doped mesoporous carbon comprises mesoporous carbon doped with boron; the doping amount of boron in the boron-doped mesoporous carbon is 0.88 to 0.93 weight percent; the aperture of the boron-doped mesoporous carbon is 3 nm-5 nm; the specific surface area of the boron-doped mesoporous carbon is 883.8m2/g～1204.6m2/g。
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the preparation method of the boron-doped mesoporous carbon comprises the following steps:
s1, infiltrating the multi-component solution A into an SBA-15 mesoporous silicon template, and curing to obtain a compound A; the multi-component solution A is prepared by mixing boric acid, sucrose, concentrated sulfuric acid and water; the mass ratio of the boric acid, the cane sugar, the concentrated sulfuric acid and the water is 0.00625-0.025: 1.25-1.3: 0.14-0.15: 5;
s2, dipping the compound A obtained in the step S1 into the multi-component solution B, and curing to obtain a compound B; the multi-component solution B is prepared by mixing boric acid, sucrose, concentrated sulfuric acid and water; the mass ratio of the boric acid, the cane sugar, the concentrated sulfuric acid and the water is 0.004-0.016: 0.8-0.9: 0.09-0.10: 5;
and S3, carrying out heat treatment on the compound B obtained in the step S2, and removing the template to obtain the boron-doped mesoporous carbon.
8. The method according to claim 7, wherein in the step S1, the mass ratio of the boric acid to the mesoporous silicon template is 0.00625-0.025: 0.9-1; the curing is to heat to 95-100 ℃ for reaction for 6-7 h, then heat to 150-160 ℃ for reaction for 6-7 h;
in the step S2, the curing step is to heat the mixture to 95-100 ℃ for reaction for 6-7 h, and then heat the mixture to 150-160 ℃ for reaction for 6-7 h.
9. The method according to claim 7, wherein in the step S3, the heat treatment is performed under a protective gas; the protective gas is nitrogen with the purity of 99.99-99.999%; controlling the temperature rise speed to be 4-5 ℃/min in the heat treatment process; the temperature of the heat treatment is 800-900 ℃; the time of the heat treatment is 2-3 h.
10. The method of claim 7, wherein in the step S1, the SBA-15 mesoporous silicon template is prepared by: mixing and stirring a polyethylene oxide-polypropylene oxide-polyethylene oxide triblock copolymer and tetraethoxysilane at the temperature of 30-35 ℃ for 18-24 h to obtain a mixed solution; carrying out hydrothermal reaction on the mixed solution at 135-140 ℃ for 20-24 h to obtain white precipitate; and washing the white precipitate to be neutral, filtering, drying, and calcining at 500-550 ℃ for 4-6 h to obtain the SBA-15 mesoporous silicon template.
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