CN110896837B - High-quality and high-yield planting method for andrographis paniculata - Google Patents
High-quality and high-yield planting method for andrographis paniculata Download PDFInfo
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- CN110896837B CN110896837B CN201911150865.5A CN201911150865A CN110896837B CN 110896837 B CN110896837 B CN 110896837B CN 201911150865 A CN201911150865 A CN 201911150865A CN 110896837 B CN110896837 B CN 110896837B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/10—Vegetative propagation by means of cuttings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/04—Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth
- A01G7/045—Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth with electric lighting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-quality and high-yield planting method of common andrographis herbs, which comprises the following steps: s1, seed selection of seedlings: obtaining a mother branch; s2, cuttage: inserting the mother branches into the planting sponge and placing the mother branches into a seedling raising tray provided with nutrient solution; s3, root forcing: placing the mother branches cut in the seedling raising tray in an environment with the temperature of 20-28 ℃ and the humidity of 55-75% for root promotion, culturing in a dark environment for 1-2 days, and then culturing under illumination, wherein the illumination culture is carried out under the combination of red light and blue light; s4, transplanting, seedling raising and breeding: transplanting the mother branches to a planting water tank with nutrient solution for culture; s5, plumping the buds: removing the head of the plant bred in the step S4, and then culturing by illumination, wherein the terminal bud which is not possessed by the andrographis paniculata grows from the base part of the leaf blade; s6, harvesting. The method has the advantages of low disease rate, good quality and high yield of the andrographis paniculata.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to a high-quality and high-yield planting method of common andrographis herb.
Background
Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Nees, also called Chunlianqiliu, Yijianxi, eleutherococcus, elephantopus scaber, herb of Hypericum japonicum, Tinospora cordifolia, Onychii cantoniensis, Indian grass, and Ku grass, etc. Annual herbaceous plants, 4-8 cm long, 1-2.5 cm wide. The medicinal plants have the functions of clearing away heat and toxic materials, diminishing inflammation, and relieving swelling and pain. Andrographis paniculata Nees prefers high temperature humid climate. Enjoys sunshine and fertilizer. The proper temperature of the seed germination and seedling growth period is 25-30 ℃, the growth is slow when the air temperature is reduced to 15-20 ℃, the air temperature is reduced to about 8 ℃, and the growth is stopped; when the plants are withered at low temperature of about 0 ℃ or frost. The cultivation is preferably carried out by using fertile, loose and well-drained acidic and neutral sandy loam soil, and the alkaline soil with the pH value of 8.0 can still grow normally. The traditional common andrographis herb grows from 5 to 6 february, the seedling growing time is long, and the growth period is long.
The common andrographis herb is planted in the current year and harvested in the current year, the growth period is generally prolonged by proper early sowing, the common andrographis herb is afraid of drought and is not resistant to strong light irradiation in the growth process, particularly, the common andrographis herb is exposed to strong light in the seedling stage, leaves are easy to burn and grow badly, the yield is low, the quality is poor, and the common andrographis herb is protected from exposure in a mode of building a sunshade net in production, so that the labor and time are wasted, the investment is large, the economic benefit is low, and the large-area popularization is not facilitated.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a high-quality and high-yield planting method for common andrographis herbs, which has the advantages of low disease rate, good quality and high yield in common andrographis herb planting.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a high-quality and high-yield planting method of common andrographis herbs comprises the following steps:
s1, seed selection of seedlings: selecting lignified stems of andrographis paniculata as female parents, and cutting the lignified stems into a plurality of sections to obtain female branches;
s2, cuttage: inserting the mother branches into the planting sponge and placing the mother branches into a seedling raising tray provided with nutrient solution;
s3, root forcing: and (2) placing the mother branches cut in the seedling raising tray in an environment with the temperature of 20-28 ℃ and the humidity of 55-75% for root promotion, culturing in a dark environment for 1-2 days, and then culturing under illumination, wherein the illumination culture is carried out under the combination of red light and blue light, and the mixing ratio of the red light to the blue light is (1-7): 1;
s4, transplanting, seedling raising and breeding: after the root length of the mother branch is more than or equal to 10mm after the step S3, transplanting the mother branch to a planting water tank with nutrient solution for culture, ending the seedling culture when the plant height reaches 100mm, and ending the breeding when the plant height continues to be cultured for 200-300 mm;
s5, plumping the buds: removing the head of the plant bred in the step S4, planting the plant on a planting disc, carrying out illumination culture on a planting water tank containing nutrient solution, and allowing terminal buds of the andrographis paniculata to sprout from the base of the leaf and grow;
s6, harvesting: when the sprouts in step S5 grow to 180mm, they are harvested and broken from the base.
By adopting the technical scheme, the planting of the andrographis paniculata is realized by adopting the methods of cuttage, root promotion, transplanting seedling raising, bud enrichment and harvesting, the mother branches are inserted in the planting sponge in the cuttage process and then are placed in the planting tray with the nutrient solution A, the planting sponge is formed by mixing and foaming a high polymer foaming material and a certain proportion of organic matters or inorganic matters, is loose and breathable, has good drainage performance and provides excellent external cultivation conditions, the planting sponge can also maintain the water-air ratio required by the growth of plants, has good water and fertilizer retention performance, can stably store nutrient solution due to hydrophilicity, does not drip, does not breed mosquitoes, is used for the cultivation of the andrographis paniculata, belongs to the seedling raising technology, has the advantages of early germination, high sprouting and seedling rate and fast and robust seedling growth, and is matched with the planting sponge for soilless culture, the female branches between the two can absorb nutrition fast by the water-air ratio maintained, so that cotyledons extend and true leaves germinate, the seedling raising tray combined with the nutrient solution by the planting sponge is adopted for raising seedlings, the seedling raising is faster, and the seedling vigor is better and stronger.
Because the andrographis paniculata is afraid of drought and intolerant to strong light irradiation in the growth process, particularly the andrographis paniculata is exposed to strong light in the seedling stage, leaves are easy to burn and grow badly, the yield is low, and the quality is poor, the dark culture and the illumination culture are combined in the root forcing step, in addition, the growth speed of the plant is adjusted through the control of the illumination culture and the dark culture time and the proportion control of red light and blue light, the growth speed is improved, the plant can be controlled and prevented from overgrowing, the growth requirement of the andrographis paniculata can be met by combining the control of temperature and humidity, the breeding of mold can be effectively prevented, the root forcing survival rate and the preservation rate are obviously improved and are more than 98 percent, then the plant is transplanted and cultured, the head of the cultured plant is removed for plump bud, the top advantage of the plant is damaged by the plant after the head is removed, and then the illumination culture is carried out on a planting water tank, and (3) each leaf bud can grow a new bud, and finally harvesting is carried out, wherein the buds are broken off from the base part during harvesting, so that the damage to the trunk is reduced. Finally, by adopting the method provided by the invention and controlling the steps of cuttage, root forcing and the like, the survival rate and the rooting rate of the andrographis paniculata after root forcing can be greatly improved, and the finally obtained andrographis paniculata has good quality, low disease rate and high yield.
The invention is further configured to: the nutrient solution in the step S2 is a nutrient solution A with the conductivity of 0.5-1.5 ms/cm; the nutrient solution in the step S4 is a nutrient solution B with the conductivity of 1-3 ms/cm; the nutrient solution in the step S5 is nutrient solution C with the conductivity of 1.3-3.5ms/cm, and the liquid level heights of the nutrient solution A, the nutrient solution B and the nutrient solution C are 5-30 mm.
By adopting the technical scheme, the concentration of the nutrient solution selected under the conductivity in the cutting step of the step S2 is low, the low-concentration nutrient solution is favorable for stimulating the growth of roots, and the concentration can provide the growth nutrient conditions, so that the rooting rate in the root forcing step is improved. In step S4, the nutrient solution B with conductivity of 1-3ms/cm is selected as nutrient solution, and can maintain a certain concentration and continuously supply nutrition to herba Andrographitis. Because a plurality of new buds grow simultaneously on the plants in the planting water tank in the step 5 and the nutrition demand is increased, the nutrient solution C with the conductivity of 1.3-3.5ms/cm is selected as the nutrient solution in the step S5, the concentration of the nutrient solution C is increased compared with that in the step S4, the nutrition supply of the plants can be ensured, and meanwhile, the phenomenon of seedling burning of the plants due to too high concentration is avoided.
The invention is further configured to: the planted sponge in the step S2 is composed of 100 sponge individuals of 25mm by 25mm, and each mother branch is correspondingly cut on the planted sponge individuals.
By adopting the technical scheme, the device can realize that 100 andrographis paniculata seedlings can be customized on a plane of 250mm x 250mm, and the space is greatly saved.
The new step of the invention is as follows: in step S3, the mixing ratio of red light and blue light during the illumination culture is 4: 1.
By adopting the technical scheme, the final growth effect of the andrographis paniculata is the best under the mixing proportion of the red light and the blue light.
The invention is further configured to: the specific operation of transplanting and seedling in the step S4 is as follows: transplanting the mother branches to planting plates with the spacing of 50-100mm, and then placing the planting plates on a planting water tank for photoperiod culture, wherein the photoperiod culture adopts a mixture ratio of (1-7): 1 red and blue light.
By adopting the technical scheme, the mother branches are transplanted to the planting plates with the spacing of 50-100mm, the space can be saved through close planting, and the yield is increased. By controlling the light period and illumination, the seedling growth is ensured to be rapid and the quality is excellent.
The invention is further configured to: after the mother branches are transplanted to the planting water tank in the step S4, when the height of the plants reaches 50mm, the branches are lifted by clips and wires to prevent the plants from lodging.
The invention is further configured to: removing the head of the plant which is bred in the step S5, and planting the plant on a planting plate with the row spacing of 120-200 mm and the plant spacing of 220-320 mm.
The invention is further configured to: and S5, after the plant without the head is planted on the planting plate, fixing the branch of the plant by a clip, so that the stem is parallel to the planting plate and the distance between the stem and the planting plate is 20-50 mm.
By adopting the technical scheme, the branches of the plants are lifted, the apical advantage of the andrographis paniculata is kept, only the trunk is grown, and no lateral bud is generated.
The invention is further configured to: the light culture in the step S5 adopts the mixture ratio of (1-7): 1 red and blue light.
The invention is further configured to: step S6 further includes breaking the andrographis paniculata from the base and harvesting, and repeating the operations of steps S5 and S6 on the stem of the andrographis paniculata, and repeating the steps.
By adopting the technical scheme, through the arrangement, after the andrographis paniculata is broken off from the base part to realize picking, new buds can grow on the trunk of the andrographis paniculata, and the large root of the trunk is used for providing nutrition for the new buds, so that the seedling raising time is greatly shortened.
In conclusion, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the method, the planting of the common andrographis herb is realized by adopting methods of cuttage, root promotion, transplanting seedling raising, bud enrichment and harvesting, and the rooting rate of the plant in the root promotion step is high, the seedling raising is rapid, the survival rate in the subsequent steps is also high, the growth vigor is good, the yield of the common andrographis herb is finally improved, and the quality is good by controlling the illumination conditions, the nutrient solution, the temperature, the humidity and the like in the steps of cuttage, root promotion, transplanting seedling raising, breeding, bud enrichment and the like;
2. the planting sponge is used for cultivating the common andrographis herb, the soilless seedling raising technology is adopted, the advantages of early germination, high sprouting and seedling rate and rapid and robust seedling growth are achieved, the planting sponge and the planting plate are matched for water planting, the maintained water-air ratio enables the mother branches between the planting sponge and the planting plate to rapidly absorb nutrition, the cotyledon and the true leaf are enabled to sprout, the seedling raising is more rapid and the seedling vigor is better and stronger by adopting the seedling raising plate with the planting sponge and nutrient solution;
3. according to the method, dark culture and illumination culture are combined in the root promoting step, and temperature and humidity control is combined, so that the growth requirement of andrographis paniculata can be met, the breeding of mold can be effectively prevented, the root promoting survival rate and the preservation rate are remarkably improved and are higher than 98%, then transplanting and seedling raising are carried out, the bred plant is subjected to head removal and bud enrichment after breeding, the top advantages of the plant are damaged by the plant subjected to head removal, then illumination culture is carried out on a planting water tank, each leaf bud can grow a new bud, finally harvesting is carried out, and the stem is broken off from the base part when the stem is harvested, so that the damage to the trunk is reduced. Finally, by adopting the method provided by the invention and controlling the steps of cuttage, root forcing and the like, the survival rate and the rooting rate of the andrographis paniculata after root forcing can be greatly improved, and the finally obtained andrographis paniculata has good quality, low disease rate and high yield;
4. in the harvesting step, the common andrographis herb is broken off from the base part to realize the picking, new buds can grow on the trunk of the common andrographis herb, and the large roots of the trunk are used for providing nutrition for the new buds, so that the seedling raising time is greatly shortened.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
Preparation example of nutrient solution
The nutrient solution in the following preparation example is a Pulekui AB fertilizer (the type is a special AB fertilizer for soilless culture of leaf vegetables) purchased from Shanghai Yongtong ecological engineering GmbH, and is prepared into a mother solution firstly, and then the nutrient solution in the embodiment example is prepared according to different conductivity requirements.
Preparation example 1 of nutrient solution
Preparing a mother solution: mixing 50g of A fertilizer with 400g of water to prepare A mother liquor, and mixing 50g of B fertilizer with 400g of water to prepare B mother liquor;
preparing nutrient solution with the conductivity of 2 ms/cm: 5 kg of water, 40ml of A mother liquor and 40mlB mother liquor are mixed evenly to obtain a mixed liquor, and then potassium hydroxide is added until the pH value of the mixed liquor is 6, so that the nutrient solution with the conductivity of 2ms/cm is prepared.
Preparation example 2 of nutrient solution
Preparing a mother solution: mixing 50g of A fertilizer with 400g of water to prepare A mother liquor, and mixing 50g B fertilizer with 400g of water to prepare B mother liquor;
preparing a nutrient solution with the conductivity of 1 ms/cm: 8.35 kg of water, 40ml of A mother liquor and 40mlB mother liquor are mixed uniformly to obtain a mixed liquor, and then potassium hydroxide is added until the pH value of the mixed liquor is 6, so that the nutrient solution with the conductivity of 1ms/cm is prepared.
Preparation example 3 of nutrient solution
Preparing a mother solution: mixing 50g of A fertilizer with 400g of water to prepare A mother liquor, and mixing 50g B fertilizer with 400g of water to prepare B mother liquor;
preparing nutrient solution with the conductivity of 3 ms/cm: 1.65 kg of water, 40ml of A mother liquor and 40mlB mother liquor are mixed uniformly to obtain a mixed liquor, and then potassium hydroxide is added until the pH value of the mixed liquor is 6, so that the nutrient solution with the conductivity of 3ms/cm is prepared.
Preparation example 4 of nutrient solution
Preparing a mother solution: mixing 50g of A fertilizer with 400g of water to prepare A mother liquor, and mixing 50g B fertilizer with 400g of water to prepare B mother liquor;
preparing a nutrient solution with the conductivity of 1.5 ms/cm: 6.65 kg of water, 40ml of A mother liquor and 40mlB mother liquor are mixed uniformly to obtain a mixed liquor, and then potassium hydroxide is added until the pH value of the mixed liquor is 6, so that the nutrient solution with the conductivity of 1.5ms/cm is prepared.
Preparation example 5 of nutrient solution
Preparing a mother solution: mixing 50g of A fertilizer with 400g of water to prepare A mother liquor, and mixing 50g B fertilizer with 400g of water to prepare B mother liquor;
preparing a nutrient solution with the conductivity of 0.5 ms/cm: and (3) uniformly mixing 11 kg of water, 40ml of A mother liquor and 40mlB mother liquor to obtain a mixed liquor, and then adding potassium hydroxide until the pH value of the mixed liquor is 6 to prepare the nutrient solution with the conductivity of 0.5 ms/cm.
Preparation example 6 of nutrient solution
Preparing a mother solution: mixing 50g of A fertilizer with 400g of water to prepare A mother liquor, and mixing 50g B fertilizer with 400g of water to prepare B mother liquor;
preparing a nutrient solution with the conductivity of 1.3 ms/cm: and (3) uniformly mixing 9.4 kg of water, 40ml of A mother liquor and 40mlB mother liquor to obtain a mixed liquor, and then adding potassium hydroxide until the pH value of the mixed liquor is 6 to prepare the nutrient solution with the conductivity of 1.3 ms/cm.
Preparation example 7 of nutrient solution
Preparing a mother solution: mixing 50g of A fertilizer with 400g of water to prepare A mother liquor, and mixing 50g B fertilizer with 400g of water to prepare B mother liquor;
preparing nutrient solution with the conductivity of 3.5 ms/cm: uniformly mixing 1 kg of water, 40ml of A mother liquor and 40mlB mother liquor to obtain a mixed liquor, and then adding potassium hydroxide until the pH value of the mixed liquor is 6 to prepare the nutrient solution with the conductivity of 3.5 ms/cm.
Preparation of nutrient solution example 8
Preparing a mother solution: mixing 50g of A fertilizer with 400g of water to prepare A mother liquor, and mixing 50g B fertilizer with 400g of water to prepare B mother liquor;
preparing a nutrient solution with the conductivity of 2.5 ms/cm: 6.67 kg of water, 40ml of A mother liquor and 40mlB mother liquor are mixed uniformly to obtain a mixed liquor, and then potassium hydroxide is added until the pH value of the mixed liquor is 6, so that the nutrient solution with the conductivity of 2.5ms/cm is prepared.
The above preparation examples 1 to 8 are only examples given for the nutrient solutions with different conductivities of the present invention, and are intended to illustrate the sources of the nutrient solutions, not to limit the preparation method of the nutrient solutions, nor to limit the planting method of the andrographis paniculata nees of the present invention with good quality and high yield, as long as the conductivity of the nutrient solutions is within the range defined by the present invention, and can be used in the present invention.
Example 1
A high-quality and high-yield planting method of common andrographis herbs comprises the following steps:
s1, seed selection of seedlings: selecting lignified stems of the andrographis paniculata as female parents, cutting the lignified stems of the female parents into a plurality of sections according to every three sections, and breaking off leaves on one section near the ground end to obtain female branches;
s2, cuttage: inserting each mother branch on 25mm planting sponge individuals, forming planting sponges for every 100 25mm planting sponge individuals, placing the planting sponges on seedling raising trays with the length of 26cm, the width of 26cm and the height of 3cm, placing nutrient solution (selected from preparation example 2 of the nutrient solution) with the conductivity of 1ms/cm in the seedling raising trays, enabling the liquid level to be 15mm, and replenishing water once in the morning and evening every day, and enabling the water to be 125g each time;
s3, root forcing: placing the well-cotted female branches on a seedling raising frame, accelerating the roots in an environment with the temperature of 24 ℃ and the humidity of 60%, carrying out dark culture in a dark environment in the previous 2 days, then carrying out illumination culture, wherein the illumination culture adopts a full-spectrum LED lamp, and the proportion of red light to blue light of the LED lamp is 4:1 LED lamp;
s4, transplanting, seedling raising and breeding: after the root length of the mother branches reaches 10mm in step S3, transplanting the mother branches to a planting disc with the plant spacing and the row spacing both being 70mm, then placing the planting disc on a planting water tank for photoperiod culture, placing nutrient solution (selected from preparation example 1 of the nutrient solution) with the conductivity of 2ms/cm in the planting water tank, wherein the liquid level of the nutrient solution is 25mm, the circulation is carried out for 15 times every day, and the photoperiod culture adopts a mixture ratio of 4:1, the combination of red light and blue light can be realized through a full-spectrum LED lamp, when the height of a plant reaches 50mm, a branch is lifted by a clip and a wire to prevent the plant from lodging, when the height of the plant reaches 100mm, the seedling culture is finished, and when the plant is continuously cultured and the plant height reaches 250mm, the seedling culture is finished;
s5, plumping the buds: removing the head of the plant bred in the step S4, planting the plant on a planting disc with the row spacing of 150mm and the plant spacing of 280mm, fixing branches by using a clamp, enabling the stems of the branches to be parallel to the planting disc and the distance between the stems and the planting disc to be 35mm, placing the branches on a planting water tank for illumination culture, and enabling terminal buds which are not possessed by the andrographis paniculata to sprout from the base parts of leaves and grow;
wherein, the planting water tank is filled with nutrient solution (selected from preparation example 8 of the nutrient solution) with the conductivity of 2.5ms/cm, the liquid level height of the nutrient solution is 15mm, and the nutrient solution circulates 15 times per day; the light culture in the step adopts a mixture ratio of 4:1, which can be realized by a full spectrum LED lamp,
s6, harvesting: harvesting when the sprouts in the step S5 grow to 165mm, breaking off from the base during harvesting, repeating the operations of the steps S5 and S6 on the trunk of the common andrographis herb, and repeating the steps to ensure that the sprouts can grow on the trunk of the common andrographis herb, so that the huge root system of the trunk is used for providing nutrition for the sprouts, and the seedling raising time is greatly shortened.
Example 2
A high-quality and high-yield planting method of common andrographis herbs comprises the following steps:
s1, seed selection of seedlings: selecting lignified stems of the andrographis paniculata as female parents, cutting the lignified stems of the female parents into a plurality of sections according to every three sections, and breaking off leaves on one section near the ground end to obtain female branches;
s2, cuttage: inserting each mother branch on 25mm planting sponge individuals, forming planting sponges for every 100 25mm planting sponge individuals, placing the planting sponges on seedling raising trays with the length of 26cm, the width of 26cm and the height of 3cm, placing nutrient solution (selected from preparation example 5 of the nutrient solution) with the conductivity of 0.5ms/cm in the seedling raising trays, enabling the liquid level to be 5mm, and replenishing water once in the morning and evening every day, wherein 100g of water is replenished every time;
s3, root forcing: placing the well-cotted female branches on a seedling raising frame, accelerating the roots in an environment with the temperature of 20 ℃ and the humidity of 55%, carrying out dark culture in a dark environment in the first 1 day, then carrying out illumination culture, wherein the illumination culture adopts a full-spectrum LED lamp, and the proportion of red light to blue light of the LED lamp is 1: 1 LED lamp;
s4, transplanting, seedling raising and breeding: after the root length of the mother branches reaches 10mm in step S3, transplanting the mother branches to a planting disc with the plant spacing and the row spacing both being 50mm, then placing the planting disc on a planting water tank for photoperiod culture, placing nutrient solution (selected from preparation example 2 of the nutrient solution) with the conductivity of 1ms/cm in the planting water tank, wherein the liquid level of the nutrient solution is 5mm, the circulation is performed for 4 times every day, and the photoperiod culture adopts a mixture ratio of 1: 1, the combination of red light and blue light can be realized through a full-spectrum LED lamp, when the height of a plant reaches 50mm, the branch is lifted by a clip and a wire to prevent the plant from lodging, when the height of the plant reaches 100mm, the seedling culture is finished, and when the plant is continuously cultured and the plant height reaches 200mm, the seedling culture is finished;
s5, plumping the buds: removing the head of the plant bred in the step S4, planting the plant on a planting disc with the row spacing of 120mm and the plant spacing of 220mm, fixing branches by using a clamp, enabling the stems of the branches to be parallel to the planting disc and the distance between the stems and the planting disc to be 20mm, placing the branches on a planting water tank for illumination culture, and enabling terminal buds which are not possessed by the andrographis paniculata to sprout from the base parts of leaves and grow;
wherein, the planting water tank is filled with nutrient solution (selected from preparation example 6 of the nutrient solution) with the conductivity of 1.3ms/cm, the liquid level height of the nutrient solution is 5mm, and the nutrient solution circulates 4 times per day; the light culture in the step adopts the mixing ratio of 1: 1, which can be realized by a full spectrum LED lamp,
s6, harvesting: harvesting when the sprouts in the step S5 grow to 150mm, breaking off from the base part during harvesting, repeating the operations of the steps S5 and S6 on the trunk of the common andrographis herb, and repeating the steps to ensure that the sprouts can grow on the trunk of the common andrographis herb, so that the huge root system of the trunk is used for providing nutrition for the sprouts, and the seedling raising time is greatly shortened.
Example 3
A high-quality and high-yield planting method of common andrographis herbs comprises the following steps:
s1, seed selection of seedlings: selecting lignified stems of the andrographis paniculata as female parents, cutting the lignified stems of the female parents into a plurality of sections according to every three sections, and breaking off leaves on one section near the ground end to obtain female branches;
s2, cuttage: inserting each mother branch on 25mm planting sponge individuals, forming planting sponges for every 100mm 25mm planting sponge individuals, then placing the planting sponges on seedling trays with the length of 28cm, the width of 28cm and the height of 5cm, placing nutrient solution (selected from preparation example 4 of the nutrient solution) with the conductivity of 1.5ms/cm in the seedling trays, keeping the liquid level at 30mm, replenishing water once in the morning and evening every day, and replenishing 150g of water each time;
s3, root forcing: placing the well-cotted female branches on a seedling raising frame, accelerating the roots in an environment with the temperature of 28 ℃ and the humidity of 75%, carrying out dark culture in a dark environment in the first 2 days, then carrying out illumination culture, wherein the illumination culture adopts a full-spectrum LED lamp, and the proportion of red light to blue light of the LED lamp is 7: 1 LED lamp;
s4, transplanting, seedling raising and breeding: after the root length of the mother branches reaches 10mm in step S3, transplanting the mother branches to a planting disc with the plant spacing and the row spacing both being 100mm, then placing the planting disc on a planting water tank for photoperiod culture, placing nutrient solution (selected from preparation example 3 of the nutrient solution) with the conductivity of 3ms/cm in the planting water tank, wherein the liquid level of the nutrient solution is 30mm, the circulation is performed for 24 times every day, and the photoperiod culture adopts the mixture ratio of 7: 1, the combination of red light and blue light can be realized through a full-spectrum LED lamp, when the height of a plant reaches 50mm, the branch is lifted by a clip and a wire to prevent the plant from lodging, when the height of the plant reaches 100mm, the seedling culture is finished, and when the plant is continuously cultured and the plant height reaches 300mm, the seedling culture is finished;
s5, plumping the buds: removing the head of the plant bred in the step S4, planting the plant on a planting disc with the row spacing of 200mm and the plant spacing of 320mm, fixing branches by using a clamp, enabling the stems of the branches to be parallel to the planting disc and the distance between the stems and the planting disc to be 50mm, placing the branches on a planting water tank for illumination culture, and enabling terminal buds which are not possessed by the andrographis paniculata to sprout from the base parts of leaves and grow;
wherein, the planting water tank is filled with nutrient solution (selected from preparation example 7 of the nutrient solution) with the conductivity of 3.5ms/cm, the liquid level height of the nutrient solution is 30mm, and the nutrient solution circulates 24 times per day; the light culture in the step adopts the mixing ratio of 7: 1, which can be realized by a full spectrum LED lamp,
s6, harvesting: harvesting when the sprouts in the step S5 grow to 180mm, breaking off from the base part during harvesting, repeating the operations of the steps S5 and S6 on the trunk of the common andrographis herb, and repeating the steps to ensure that the sprouts can grow on the trunk of the common andrographis herb, so that the huge root system of the trunk is used for providing nutrition for the sprouts, and the seedling raising time is greatly shortened.
Example 4
A high-quality and high-yield planting method of Andrographis Paniculata (Burm.F.) Nees is performed according to the method in example 1, except that the nutrient solution in step S2 is a nutrient solution with conductivity of 0.5ms/cm (selected from preparation example 5 of the nutrient solution).
Example 5
A high-quality and high-yield planting method of Andrographis Paniculata (Burm.F.) Nees is performed according to the method in example 1, except that the nutrient solution in step S2 is a nutrient solution with conductivity of 1.5ms/cm (selected from preparation example 4 of the nutrient solution).
Example 6
A high-quality and high-yield planting method of Andrographis Paniculata (Burm.F.) Nees is performed according to the method in example 1, except that the nutrient solution in step S4 is a nutrient solution with conductivity of 1ms/cm (selected from preparation example 2 of the nutrient solution).
Example 7
A high-quality and high-yield planting method of Andrographis Paniculata (Burm.F.) Nees is performed according to the method in example 1, except that the nutrient solution in step S4 is a nutrient solution with conductivity of 3ms/cm (selected from preparation example 3 of the nutrient solution).
Example 8
A high-quality and high-yield planting method of Andrographis Paniculata (Burm.F.) Nees is performed according to the method in example 1, except that the nutrient solution in step S5 is a nutrient solution (selected from preparation example 6 of nutrient solution) with the conductivity of 1.3 ms/cm.
Example 9
A high-quality and high-yield planting method of Andrographis Paniculata (Burm.F.) Nees is performed according to the method in example 1, except that the nutrient solution in step S5 is a nutrient solution with conductivity of 3.5ms/cm (selected from preparation example 7 of the nutrient solution).
Comparative example
Comparative example 1
A high-quality and high-yield planting method of Andrographis paniculata Nees is performed as in example 1, except that the rooting promotion in step S3 is performed under a humidity of 50%.
Comparative example 2
A high-quality and high-yield planting method of Andrographis paniculata Nees is performed as in example 1, except that the rooting promotion in step S3 is performed under a humidity of 80%.
Comparative example 3
A high-quality and high-yield planting method of common andrographis herbs is carried out according to the method in the embodiment 1, and the difference is that root forcing in the step S3 is carried out in the environment of 30 ℃, and mold breeding is found in seeds at the temperature in the test process.
Comparative example 4
A high-quality and high-yield planting method of common andrographis herbs is carried out according to the method in the embodiment 1, and the difference is that the mixing ratio of red light and blue light in the illumination culture in the root forcing step S3 is 8:1, and the root growth in the plant growth process is found in the experiment process under the ratio, and the plant is thin and high, so that the phenomenon of overgrowth occurs.
Performance detection
The root growing needs 10 to 15 days, and the length is fixed to 10cm and then needs about 15 days; the length of the plant is about 10 after the plant is planted to 25cm
The planting method provided by the embodiments 1-9 and the comparative examples 1-2 of the invention is used for planting, 100 female branches are selected for each test and inserted into 100 planting sponge individuals, the new buds harvested in the step S6 are harvested when the new buds grow to 150mm, the diseases rate (%) of the andrographis paniculata wilt, the average individual plant weight (g), the total yield (kg) and the growth period (d) are counted, 5 times of the tests are carried out for each group of the tests, the average value is taken, and the statistical results are shown in the following tables 1 and 2.
Table 1 test results of examples
Table 2 comparative example test results
| Blast disease ratio (%) | Average individual plant weight (g) | Total yield (kg) | Growth cycle (d) | |
| Comparative example 1 | 0.54 | 2.12 | 0.185 | 45 |
| Comparative example 2 | 0.38 | 2.08 | 0.175 | 48 |
As can be seen from the table 1, when the method provided by the invention is used for planting andrographis paniculata, the wilt disease rate of andrographis paniculata is low, the average individual plant weight and the total yield are high, the rooting rate in root cutting is high, and the yield and the quality of andrographis paniculata planted by the method provided by the invention are high. In combination with the test data in table 2, it can be seen that the red-blue light matching ratio of the root forcing process is not (1-7): 1 when the temperature is higher than 28 ℃ and the humidity is not in the range of 55-75%, the disease rate of the andrographis paniculata wilt is slightly increased, the average single plant weight is reduced, the total yield is reduced more, and the rooting rate and the survival rate are lower in the root forcing step.
The present embodiment is only for explaining the present invention, and it is not limited to the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make modifications of the present embodiment without inventive contribution as needed after reading the present specification, but all of them are protected by patent law within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The planting method of the andrographis paniculata, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, seed selection of seedlings: selecting lignified stems of andrographis paniculata as female parents, and cutting the lignified stems into a plurality of sections to obtain female branches;
s2, cuttage: inserting the mother branches into the planting sponge and placing the mother branches into a seedling raising tray provided with nutrient solution;
s3, root forcing: and (3) placing the mother branches cut in the seedling raising tray in an environment with the temperature of 20-28 ℃ and the humidity of 55-75% for root promotion, culturing in a dark environment for 1-2 days, and then culturing under illumination, wherein the illumination culture is carried out under the combination of red light and blue light, and the mixing ratio of the red light to the blue light is 4: 1;
s4, transplanting, seedling raising and breeding: after the root length of the mother branches is larger than or equal to 10mm after the step S3, transplanting the mother branches to planting plates with the spacing of 50-100mm, and then placing the planting plates on a planting water tank for photoperiod culture, wherein the photoperiod culture adopts the mixing ratio of (1-7): 1, the breeding is finished when the plant is continuously cultured for 200-300mm in height;
s5, plumping the buds: removing the head of the plant bred in the step S4, planting the plant on a planting disc, carrying out illumination culture on a planting water tank containing nutrient solution, and allowing terminal buds of the andrographis paniculata to sprout from the base of the leaf and grow;
s6, harvesting: harvesting when the sprouts in the step S5 grow to 180mm, and breaking off from the base during harvesting;
wherein the nutrient solution in the step S2 is a nutrient solution A with the conductivity of 1-1.5 ms/cm; the nutrient solution in the step S4 is a nutrient solution B with the conductivity of 2-3 ms/cm; the nutrient solution in the step S5 is nutrient solution C with the conductivity of 2.5-3.5ms/cm, and the liquid level heights of the nutrient solution A, the nutrient solution B and the nutrient solution C are 5-30 mm.
2. The method for planting andrographis paniculata according to claim 1, wherein after the mother branches are transplanted to the planting water tank in step S4, when the plant height reaches 50mm, the branches are lifted by using clips and wires to prevent the plant from lodging.
3. The planting method of claim 1, wherein the plants grown in step S5 are decapitated and planted on planting plates with row spacing of 120mm-200mm and plant spacing of 220mm-320 mm.
4. The method for planting andrographis paniculata according to claim 1, wherein after the plants without heads are planted on the planting plate in step S5, the branches of the plants are fixed by clips, so that the stems of the plants are parallel to the planting plate and the distance between the stems and the planting plate is 20-50 mm.
5. The planting method for andrographis paniculata nees in claim 1, wherein the mixture ratio of the light culture in step S5 is (1-7): 1 red and blue light.
6. The method for planting Andrographis paniculata Nees according to claim 1, wherein step S6 further comprises breaking the Andrographis paniculata Nees from the base and harvesting, and repeating the operations of steps S5 and S6 on the stem of Andrographis paniculata Nees, and repeating the steps.
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