CN110894138A - 一种环保汽车玻璃 - Google Patents
一种环保汽车玻璃 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110894138A CN110894138A CN201910094050.3A CN201910094050A CN110894138A CN 110894138 A CN110894138 A CN 110894138A CN 201910094050 A CN201910094050 A CN 201910094050A CN 110894138 A CN110894138 A CN 110894138A
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- layer
- thin film
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- titanium dioxide
- glass
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- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical group O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002346 layers by function Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- -1 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
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- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 claims description 2
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- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- 241000588724 Escherichia coli Species 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
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- PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodamine B Chemical compound [Cl-].C=12C=CC(=[N+](CC)CC)C=C2OC2=CC(N(CC)CC)=CC=C2C=1C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及玻璃技术领域，更具体地，涉及一种环保汽车玻璃。依次包括基底层、过渡层以及导电功能层；所述的过渡层为二氧化硅层或者氮化硅层；所述的导电功能层为掺杂二氧化钛薄膜层；或者，所述的导电功能层为掺杂二氧化钛薄膜层与ITO薄膜层组成的复合层，ITO薄膜层位于过渡层和掺杂二氧化钛薄膜层之间。本发明提供的一种环保汽车玻璃，结构简单，制备过程简单方便，生产成本低，功能强大。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及玻璃技术领域，更具体地，涉及一种环保汽车玻璃。
背景技术
在现有技术中，为了防止外线或者挡光等，大部分均是在玻璃表面贴防嗮膜或者喷涂一层油漆，汽车玻璃与人的接触面若是塑料膜或油漆，暴晒的情况下会产生有机物挥发，汽车空间狭小且封闭，挥发的有机物很难排除，严重影响汽车室内的空间环境；另外，在封闭的情况下，汽车室内也易于病菌的滋生。
发明内容
本发明为克服上述现有技术所述的至少一种缺陷，提供一种环保汽车玻璃。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用的技术方案是：一种环保汽车玻璃，依次包括基底层、过渡层以及导电功能层；所述的过渡层为二氧化硅层或者氮化硅层；所述的导电功能层为掺杂二氧化钛薄膜层；或者，所述的导电功能层为掺杂二氧化钛薄膜层与ITO薄膜层组成的复合层，ITO薄膜层位于过渡层和掺杂二氧化钛薄膜层之间。
需要说明的是，本发明提供的环保汽车玻璃，其关键在于掺杂二氧化钛薄膜层，不限于上述结构，该汽车玻璃可以是由基底层和带电功能层组成，可以没有中间的过渡层。且，本发明提供的玻璃不仅仅可以应用于汽车，还可以用于其他需要玻璃的场合，如门窗玻璃等。
进一步的，所述的掺杂二氧化钛薄膜层所掺杂的材料为镁、钌、铌、钽、钙、锌、钯、铑、锡、硒、镓、铟、铜、钡、镉、钼、钒、钪、锆、铪、铬、硼、氮中的一种或任意几种的组合。
掺杂二氧化钛层为高导电二氧化钛透明薄膜，具备特性包括，方块电阻范围1Ω/□～1000Ω/□，透光率30％～90％，莫氏硬度4～8。
进一步的，所述的掺杂二氧化钛薄膜层所掺杂的金属与钛的比例为摩尔比 0.1％～20％，混掺金属之间的比例为任意比，非金属掺杂物的比例为任意比。
作为优选地，所述的掺杂二氧化钛薄膜层的厚度为20nm～500nm。
作为优选地，所述的ITO薄膜层的厚度为20nm～200nm。
作为优选地，所述的过渡层的厚度为5nm～100nm。
进一步的，所述的基底层为玻璃、石英、聚酰亚胺、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯或聚碳酸酯。
本发明还提供一种环保汽车玻璃的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
S1.在玻璃上溅射制备5nm～100nm二氧化硅层或者氮化硅层，形成稳定的过渡层，提高后续层镀薄膜的附着力；
S2.在过渡层上继续溅射20nm～200nm的ITO薄膜层，增加电导性能；
S3.在ITO薄膜层上溅射20nm～500nm的掺杂二氧化钛薄膜层；
S4.镀膜结晶后对其进行热处理，热处理的温度为100℃～500℃，热处理的气氛为惰性或者弱还原气氛。
在本发明中，NTO(TiO2:Nb)汽车玻璃具有独特的健康、环保优势，可以创造出友好的车内环境。NTO汽车玻璃在紫外线照射或者通电的情况下，具有以下效果：
一.净化空气
1.去除甲醛等有机污染；
2.NO3-等城市空气主要无机污染；
3.产生氧负离子。
二.杀菌/病毒
1.对绝大多数细菌和病毒具备灭杀效果，如大肠杆菌、伤寒菌、白喉菌等；
2.灭菌快，常温下Ag灭菌需要24小时，TiO2只要1小时；
3.无损耗，Ag灭菌会污染表面，TiO2灭菌无损耗。
此外，NTO玻璃兼具阻挡紫外线、降低红外线辐射，可见光波段下通过玻璃制备工艺的调节，可以制备出40％～80％透过率不同的产品；而且可以选择波段透过，即透过最敏感的可见光波段，不影响视线，同时截止紫外线，降低红外线透过。所以NTO玻璃性能优于现有贴膜，使用NTO玻璃，汽车玻璃不需要额外贴膜，从而消除贴膜塑料制品，去除贴膜成本。
第三，NTO玻璃具备高导电特性，可以整面玻璃均匀加热，特别适合北方地区除雾、除霜。值得注意的是，加热的同时，可以实现前述的净化空气和杀菌功能。
第四，NTO玻璃耐酸碱，硬度大(莫氏硬度6～7，汽车玻璃7，常见的 ITO导电玻璃5)，成本低(估算裸片70元/平米，组件100元/平米)，非常适合汽车玻璃的性能与成本的要求，有望成为下一代功能性汽车玻璃。
由于NTO玻璃在太阳光下，或者加电的情况下，可以实现即时除菌、杀毒，所以汽车停在太阳下暴晒；或者在北方地区秋冬春季启动时，加热玻璃除霜的过程中，NTO汽车玻璃都在除菌、杀毒，维护汽车内的健康环境。
与现有技术相比，有益效果是：本发明提供的一种环保汽车玻璃，结构简单，制备过程简单方便，生产成本低，功能强大。
附图说明
图1本发明玻璃的结构示意图。
图2是本发明实施例1高结晶度的掺杂TiO2薄膜的截面微观SEM照片。
图3是本发明实施例1高结晶度的掺杂TiO2薄膜的XRD图。
图4是本发明实施例1掺杂TiO2导电玻璃的电阻特性和载流子浓度与温度关系。
图5是本发明实施例1掺杂TiO2导电玻璃的透光谱。
图6是本发明实施例1掺杂TiO2导电玻璃加电实验，在20V电压下，1 分钟内玻璃加热到70℃以上的测试结果。
图7是本发明实施例1掺杂TiO2导电玻璃加电下光触媒演示实验，涂覆的罗丹明b膜随时间被完全分解。
具体实施方式
附图仅用于示例性说明，不能理解为对本发明的限制；为了更好说明本实施例，附图某些部件会有省略、放大或缩小，并不代表实际产品的尺寸；对于本领域技术人员来说，附图中某些公知结构及其说明可能省略是可以理解的。附图中描述位置关系仅用于示例性说明，不能理解为对本发明的限制。
实施例1：
本例以溅射法制备汽车玻璃复合层，具体制备方法如下。
(1)汽车玻璃清洗：汽车玻璃为防爆玻璃，采用玻璃清洗液浸泡10分钟，利用高压水枪冲刷5分钟，空***吹干，放置烘干炉105℃下30分钟，准备后续镀膜。
(2)二氧化硅层的制备：采用射频溅射方法，靶材为二氧化硅，溅射腔体本底真空2×10-4Pa，通入氮气，腔体真空调至1Pa，打开射频电源，功率设置为15W，溅射20nm二氧化硅薄膜。
(3)ITO薄膜的制备：采用直流溅射方法，靶材为ITO，溅射腔体本底真空2×10-4Pa，通入氮气，腔体真空调至1Pa，打开直流电源，功率设置为50W，溅射50nm ITO薄膜。
(4)掺杂二氧化钛薄膜的制备：采用直流溅射方法，靶材为铌掺杂二氧化钛，溅射腔体本底真空2×10-4Pa，通入氮气，腔体真空调至1Pa，打开直流电源，功率设置为30W，溅射200nm TiO2:Nb(NTO)薄膜。NTO薄膜置于氮气/5％氢气弱还原气氛下，350℃退火30分钟后，获得高导电的汽车玻璃产品。
通过扫描电镜SEM照片，直接观察到高度结晶的NTO膜，结晶性良好的 NTO择优性能好，柱状晶晶粒大，如图1所示。采用X射线衍射对NTO薄膜进行检测，如图2所示，本例制备的NTO薄膜，其晶型为锐钛矿。通过电阻仪测试，NTO膜方块电阻小于30Ω/□，载流子浓度达到1020cm3，如图3所示。通过透射光谱仪获得大于80％的透光率，如图4所示。NTO膜加电实验，在20 V电压下，1分钟内玻璃加热到70℃以上，如图5所示。NTO膜的光触媒实验，加电情况下30分钟内去除0.5mm厚的罗丹明薄膜，如图6所示。
显然，本发明的上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明本发明所作的举例，而并非是对本发明的实施方式的限定。对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说，在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变动。这里无需也无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明权利要求的保护范围之内。
Claims (8)
1.一种环保汽车玻璃，其特征在于，依次包括基底层、过渡层以及导电功能层；所述的过渡层为二氧化硅层或者氮化硅层；所述的导电功能层为掺杂二氧化钛薄膜层；或者，所述的导电功能层为掺杂二氧化钛薄膜层与ITO薄膜层组成的复合层，ITO薄膜层位于过渡层和掺杂二氧化钛薄膜层之间。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种环保汽车玻璃，其特征在于，所述的掺杂二氧化钛薄膜层所掺杂的材料为镁、钌、铌、钽、钙、锌、钯、铑、锡、硒、镓、铟、铜、钡、镉、钼、钒、钪、锆、铪、铬、硼、氮中的一种或任意几种的组合。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种环保汽车玻璃，其特征在于，所述的掺杂二氧化钛薄膜层所掺杂的金属与钛的比例为摩尔比0.1％～20％，混掺金属之间的比例为任意比，非金属掺杂物的比例为任意比。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种环保汽车玻璃，其特征在于，所述的掺杂二氧化钛薄膜层的厚度为20nm～500nm。
5.根据权利要求3所述的一种环保汽车玻璃，其特征在于，所述的ITO薄膜层的厚度为20nm～200nm。
6.根据权利要求3所述的一种环保汽车玻璃，其特征在于，所述的过渡层的厚度为5nm～100nm。
7.根据权利要求2至6任一项所述的一种环保汽车玻璃，其特征在于，所述的基底层为玻璃、石英、聚酰亚胺、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯或聚碳酸酯。
8.一种环保汽车玻璃的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
S1.在玻璃上溅射制备5nm～100nm二氧化硅层或者氮化硅层，形成稳定的过渡层；
S2.在过渡层上继续溅射20nm～200nm的ITO薄膜层；
S3.在ITO薄膜层上溅射20nm～500nm的掺杂二氧化钛薄膜层；
S4.镀膜结晶后对其进行热处理，热处理的温度为100℃～500℃，热处理的气氛为惰性或者弱还原气氛。
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