CN110887527B - Device and method for simultaneously detecting humidity and temperature of distributed optical fibers - Google Patents
Device and method for simultaneously detecting humidity and temperature of distributed optical fibers Download PDFInfo
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- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 93
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001069 Raman spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010259 detection of temperature stimulus Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004807 localization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000253 optical time-domain reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D21/00—Measuring or testing not otherwise provided for
- G01D21/02—Measuring two or more variables by means not covered by a single other subclass
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
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Abstract
A device and a method for simultaneously detecting humidity and temperature of distributed optical fibers relate to the field of simultaneously detecting humidity and temperature in a large-scale and distributed environment. The detection device comprises a sensing optical fiber and a Brillouin scattering optical time domain reflectometer, wherein the sensing optical fiber is connected with the Brillouin scattering optical time domain reflectometer, the sensing optical fiber is provided with a plurality of sections of single-mode optical fibers which are arranged at intervals and sensitive to humidity and single-mode optical fibers which are not sensitive to humidity, and the single-mode optical fibers which are sensitive to humidity and the single-mode optical fibers which are not sensitive to humidity are welded alternately. Temperature and humidity information with real-time change of large-range and high spatial resolution can be obtained simultaneously through the sensing optical fiber.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of simultaneous detection of humidity and temperature in a large-range distributed environment, in particular to a device and a method for simultaneously detecting humidity and temperature of a distributed optical fiber.
Background
Conventional methods for obtaining ambient humidity based on changes in the refractive index of the material outside the fiber, which results in changes in the characteristics (e.g., transmission constant, phase or intensity) of the optical signal transmitted in the fiber, typically only measure a single point or local humidity. For example, polyimide material (PI) is coated on the surface of an optical Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG), and the PI material expands along with the change of humidity to lead the central wavelength of the FBG to change due to the strain of the optical fiber; another common humidity detection method is to use light to pass through a space containing water vapor to cause the phase or intensity of the light to change, and the humidity can be measured after calibration. The common humidity measurement methods need to design and manufacture the optical fiber sensing probe respectively, and have the defects of complex probe manufacturing process, long time, high cost, difficult multiplexing of the interference probe, difficult multi-point measurement and the like. In addition, because the ambient temperature also has an influence on the measurement result, a temperature measurement element needs to be built in the humidity sensing head, and the complexity and the cost of the sensing probe are increased.
In recent years, distributed strain and temperature measurement using brillouin scattering in an optical fiber have received widespread attention. However, distributed humidity sensors based on brillouin scattering and PI coating have not been reported yet, and the problem of how to eliminate the influence of temperature on the result during distributed humidity measurement is in need of solving. In distributed optical fiber strain measurement, an optical fiber which is not affected by stress and is only responsive to temperature is usually placed side by side near a strain sensing optical fiber, and is generally realized by arranging another temperature sensing detection system based on the Raman effect in the optical fiber. Because the temperature compensation scheme needs to lay another temperature sensing optical fiber and adopt a corresponding detection instrument, the cost and complexity of the system software and hardware are increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art and provides a device and a method for simultaneously detecting the humidity and the temperature of a distributed optical fiber, which alternately weld a humidity-sensitive single-mode optical fiber and a humidity-insensitive single-mode optical fiber to form a sensing optical fiber so as to realize the simultaneous measurement of the distributed humidity and the temperature.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
The utility model provides a distributed optical fiber humidity and temperature simultaneous detection device, includes sensing optical fiber and brillouin scattering optical time domain reflectometer, sensing optical fiber connects brillouin scattering optical time domain reflectometer, and sensing optical fiber is equipped with the single mode fiber that the interval of multistage set up sensitive to humidity and the single mode fiber that is insensitive to humidity, and the single mode fiber that is sensitive to humidity and the single mode fiber that is insensitive to humidity butt fusion in turn.
The Brillouin scattering optical time domain reflectometer comprises a narrow linewidth light source, a first coupler, a pulse modulator, an optical fiber amplifier, a second coupler, a photoelectric detection and filtering circuit, a mixer, a frequency scanner and a digital signal processor; the light source output end of the narrow linewidth light source is connected with the input end of the first coupler, one output end of the first coupler is connected with the optical fiber amplifier through the pulse modulator, and the other output end of the first coupler is connected with one input end of the photoelectric detection and filtering circuit; the output end of the optical fiber amplifier is connected with the input end of the sensing optical fiber through a second coupler, and the input end of the sensing optical fiber is connected with the other input end of the photoelectric detection and filtering circuit through one output end of the second coupler; the output end of the photoelectric detection and filter circuit is connected with the input end of the mixer; the frequency scanner is connected with the mixer; the output end of the mixer is connected with a digital signal processor.
The humidity sensitive single mode optical fiber is coated with polyimide material on its outer surface.
The humidity sensitive single mode optical fiber is coated with an acrylate material on its outer surface.
A distributed optical fiber humidity and temperature simultaneous detection method, the Brillouin frequency shift of the single mode fiber sensitive to humidity is sensitive to temperature only and insensitive to humidity change, the Brillouin frequency shift of the single mode fiber sensitive to humidity is responsive to temperature and humidity change, firstly, different response coefficients of the Brillouin frequency shift of the single mode fiber sensitive to humidity and the Brillouin frequency shift of the single mode fiber insensitive to humidity to temperature and humidity are obtained respectively, and then a simultaneous equation formula of the Brillouin frequency shift along with the temperature and humidity change is established;
Δv1＝CT1ΔT+CH1ΔH
Δv2＝CT2ΔT+CH2ΔH
Wherein Δv1 and Δv2 are the variation amounts of brillouin frequency shift with temperature and humidity of the single mode fiber insensitive to humidity and the single mode fiber sensitive to humidity, C T1 and C H1 are the temperature and humidity coefficients of the single mode fiber insensitive to humidity, C T2 and C H2 represent the temperature and humidity coefficients of the single mode fiber sensitive to humidity, respectively, and Δt and Δh represent the variation amounts of the temperature and humidity relative initial values T0, H0, respectively; the actual temperature T and the relative humidity H can be calculated by t=t0+Δt, h=h0+Δh; the magnitude of the ambient temperature and humidity can be obtained by detecting the Brillouin frequency shift Deltav of each section of single-mode fiber.
The Brillouin frequency shift Deltav is obtained by the following method: the narrow linewidth light source emits light with the frequency of v 0 and is divided into detection light and reference light through the first coupler; the pulse modulator is used for amplifying the signal power to a proper value by adopting an optical fiber amplifier after carrying out pulse modulation on the detection light; when the detection light enters the sensing optical fiber area and brillouin scattering occurs in the sensing optical fiber, the brillouin backscattering light generates brillouin frequency shift delta v relative to the original incident light; the Brillouin back scattered light and the reference light are subjected to heterodyne detection by a photoelectric detection circuit, and then the heterodyne detection signal is further amplified, and direct current components and higher harmonics are removed by a filter circuit, so that a difference frequency term v 0 -Deltav is obtained; mixing the difference frequency term v 0 -Deltav with a signal generated by a microwave frequency source by using a mixer again to obtain a baseband signal; the Brillouin frequency spectrum can be constructed by continuously changing the frequency of the microwave frequency source through the frequency scanner, and finally the Brillouin frequency shift Deltav can be calculated by carrying out Lorentz curve fitting on the Brillouin frequency spectrum through the digital signal processor.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention obtains the humidity information with large range and high spatial distribution rate by detecting the brillouin scattering signal transmitted in the common single-mode fiber coated by the humidity-sensitive material (such as polyimide or other materials), and alternately and sectionally welds the single-mode fiber coated by the humidity-sensitive material with the single-mode fiber coated by the conventional material but only sensitive to temperature to realize the simultaneous measurement of distributed humidity and temperature.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a change in brillouin frequency shift of SMF and PI-SMF fiber when temperature is constant at 50 ℃ and humidity changes by 30% with respect to initial value h0%;
Fig. 3 is the change in brillouin shift of SMF and PI-SMF fibers when humidity is constant at 40% rh and temperature is changed with respect to an initial value t0=40℃.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical schemes and beneficial effects to be solved more clear and obvious, the invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment includes a sensing optical fiber and a brillouin scattering optical time domain reflectometer; specifically, the brillouin scattering optical time domain reflectometer comprises a narrow linewidth light source, a first coupler, a pulse modulator, an optical fiber amplifier, a second coupler, a photoelectric detection and filtering circuit, a mixer, a frequency scanner and a digital signal processor; the light source output end of the narrow linewidth light source is connected with the input end of the first coupler, one output end of the first coupler is connected with the optical fiber amplifier through the pulse modulator, and the other output end of the first coupler is connected with one input end of the photoelectric detection and filtering circuit; the output end of the optical fiber amplifier is connected with the input end of the sensing optical fiber through a second coupler, and the input end of the sensing optical fiber is connected with the other input end of the photoelectric detection and filtering circuit through one output end of the second coupler; the output end of the photoelectric detection and filter circuit is connected with the input end of the mixer; the frequency scanner is connected with the mixer; the output end of the mixer is connected with a digital signal processor.
The narrow line width light source emits light with the frequency of v 0 and is divided into detection light and reference light through a first coupler; the pulse modulator is used for amplifying the signal power to a proper value by adopting an optical fiber amplifier after carrying out pulse modulation on the detection light; when the detection light enters the sensing optical fiber area and brillouin scattering occurs in the sensing optical fiber, the brillouin backscattering light generates brillouin frequency shift delta v relative to the original incident light; the Brillouin back scattered light and the reference light are subjected to heterodyne detection by a photoelectric detection circuit, and then the heterodyne detection signal is further amplified, and direct current components and higher harmonics are removed by a filter circuit, so that a difference frequency term v 0 -Deltav is obtained; mixing the difference frequency term v 0 -Deltav with a signal generated by a microwave frequency source by using a mixer again to obtain a baseband signal; the Brillouin frequency spectrum can be constructed by continuously changing the frequency of the microwave frequency source through the frequency scanner, and finally the Brillouin frequency shift Deltav can be calculated by carrying out Lorentz curve fitting on the Brillouin frequency spectrum through the digital signal processor.
The sensing optical fiber is provided with a plurality of sections of single-mode optical fibers which are arranged at intervals and sensitive to humidity and single-mode optical fibers which are insensitive to humidity, and the single-mode optical fibers which are sensitive to humidity and the single-mode optical fibers which are insensitive to humidity are alternately welded.
The lengths of single sections of the humidity-sensitive single-mode fiber and the humidity-insensitive single-mode fiber are as small as possible within the precision allowable range of the detection circuit device, so that the simultaneous detection of the distributed environment humidity and temperature with high spatial resolution can be realized; in this embodiment, the optical fiber sensing is that a plurality of lengths of 4m, single mode optical fibers (PI-SMF) sensitive to humidity (such as PI coating) and single mode optical fibers (SMF) insensitive to humidity (such as acrylate coating) are alternately welded into one continuous sensing optical fiber.
According to the method, long-distance sensing optical fibers are manufactured, a detection device is built, and after calibration, distributed detection of temperature and humidity can be achieved. The precision and the spatial resolution of distributed optical fiber temperature and humidity sensing measurement can be improved by selecting smaller optical fiber length and adopting high-performance device.
The detection principle of the invention is as follows:
The Brillouin scattering frequency shift of the transmitted light in the single-mode fiber is related to the temperature and the strain of the single-mode fiber, and the change of the environmental humidity can lead to the change of the strain of the PI coated single-mode fiber, so that the temperature and the humidity information of the position of the sensing fiber can be obtained by respectively measuring the Brillouin frequency shift of the single-mode fiber coated and uncoated with the PI material; spatial localization of temperature or humidity changes may be achieved by optical time domain reflectometry. Specifically, in this embodiment, after the PI thin film coated on the surface of the single-mode fiber absorbs moisture and expands, a stress is generated and acts on the single-mode fiber to strain the single-mode fiber, so that a corresponding brillouin frequency shift occurs on the scattered optical signal; whereas single mode optical fibers coated with moisture insensitive materials do not change the frequency of scattered light when moisture changes. Therefore, the distribution information of the temperature and the humidity of the space where the sensing optical fiber is located can be obtained by detecting the brillouin scattering signals of different optical fibers at different positions.
A method for simultaneously detecting humidity and temperature of a distributed optical fiber comprises the following steps:
1. Firstly, respectively acquiring different response coefficients of brillouin frequency shift of a single-mode fiber sensitive to humidity and a single-mode fiber insensitive to humidity to temperature and humidity, wherein the responses of brillouin frequency shift of two single-mode fibers (SMF and PI-SMF) alternately connected in the embodiment to temperature and humidity are respectively shown in fig. 2 and 3, and the frequency shift of SMF is only sensitive to temperature and insensitive to humidity change; PI-SMF responds to both temperature and humidity changes;
2. establishing a simultaneous equation of the Brillouin frequency shift changing along with the temperature and humidity;
Δv1＝CT1ΔT+CH1ΔH
Δv2＝CT2ΔT+CH2ΔH
Wherein Deltav1 and Deltav2 are the variation of Brillouin frequency shift with temperature and humidity of a single-mode fiber insensitive to humidity and a single-mode fiber sensitive to humidity respectively, C T1 and C H1 are the temperature and humidity coefficients of a single-mode fiber insensitive to humidity respectively, C T2 and C H2 represent the temperature and humidity coefficients of a single-mode fiber sensitive to humidity respectively, deltaT and DeltaH represent the variation of relative initial values T0 and H0 of temperature and humidity respectively; the actual temperature T and the relative humidity H can be calculated by t=t0+Δt, h=h0+Δh;
3. and (3) detecting the Brillouin frequency shift Deltav of each section of single-mode fiber, and combining the calculation formula of the step (2) to obtain the environmental temperature and humidity.
Therefore, the invention can simultaneously obtain temperature and humidity information which change in real time in a large range and high spatial resolution through the sensing optical fiber.
Claims (4)
1. The utility model provides a distributed optical fiber humidity and temperature simultaneous detection device which characterized in that: the optical fiber sensor comprises a sensing optical fiber and a Brillouin scattering optical time domain reflectometer, wherein the sensing optical fiber is connected with the Brillouin scattering optical time domain reflectometer, the sensing optical fiber is provided with a plurality of sections of single-mode optical fibers which are arranged at intervals and sensitive to humidity and single-mode optical fibers which are insensitive to humidity, and the single-mode optical fibers which are sensitive to humidity and the single-mode optical fibers which are insensitive to humidity are welded alternately;
The Brillouin scattering optical time domain reflectometer comprises a narrow linewidth light source, a first coupler, a pulse modulator, an optical fiber amplifier, a second coupler, a photoelectric detection and filtering circuit, a mixer, a frequency scanner and a digital signal processor; the light source output end of the narrow linewidth light source is connected with the input end of the first coupler, one output end of the first coupler is connected with the optical fiber amplifier through the pulse modulator, and the other output end of the first coupler is connected with one input end of the photoelectric detection and filtering circuit; the output end of the optical fiber amplifier is connected with the input end of the sensing optical fiber through a second coupler, and the input end of the sensing optical fiber is connected with the other input end of the photoelectric detection and filtering circuit through one output end of the second coupler; the output end of the photoelectric detection and filter circuit is connected with the input end of the mixer; the frequency scanner is connected with the mixer; the output end of the mixer is connected with a digital signal processor;
The narrow linewidth light source emits light with the frequency of v 0 and is divided into detection light and reference light through the first coupler; the pulse modulator is used for amplifying the signal power to a proper value by adopting an optical fiber amplifier after carrying out pulse modulation on the detection light; when the detection light enters the sensing optical fiber area and brillouin scattering occurs in the sensing optical fiber, the brillouin backscattering light generates brillouin frequency shift delta v relative to the original incident light; the Brillouin back scattered light and the reference light are subjected to heterodyne detection by a photoelectric detection circuit, and then the heterodyne detection signal is further amplified, and direct current components and higher harmonics are removed by a filter circuit, so that a difference frequency term v 0 -Deltav is obtained; mixing the difference frequency term v 0 -Deltav with a signal generated by a microwave frequency source by using a mixer again to obtain a baseband signal; continuously changing the frequency of a microwave frequency source through a frequency scanner to construct a Brillouin spectrum, and finally carrying out Lorentz curve fitting calculation on the Brillouin spectrum through a digital signal processor to obtain a Brillouin frequency shift Deltav; and then calculating to obtain the ambient temperature and humidity.
2. A distributed optical fiber humidity and temperature simultaneous detection apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the humidity sensitive single mode optical fiber is coated with polyimide material on its outer surface.
3. A distributed optical fiber humidity and temperature simultaneous detection apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the humidity sensitive single mode optical fiber is coated with an acrylate material on its outer surface.
4. A method for simultaneously detecting humidity and temperature of a distributed optical fiber is characterized by comprising the following steps of: detecting by adopting the distributed optical fiber humidity and temperature simultaneous detection device according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein the brillouin frequency shift of the single-mode optical fiber insensitive to humidity is sensitive to temperature only and insensitive to humidity change, the brillouin frequency shift of the single-mode optical fiber sensitive to humidity is responsive to temperature and humidity change, different response coefficients of the brillouin frequency shift of the single-mode optical fiber sensitive to humidity and the brillouin frequency shift of the single-mode optical fiber insensitive to humidity to temperature and humidity are firstly obtained respectively, and then a simultaneous equation of the brillouin frequency shift along with the temperature and humidity change is established;
Δv1＝CT1ΔT+CH1ΔH
Δv2＝CT2ΔT+CH2ΔH
Wherein Δv1 and Δv2 are the variation amounts of brillouin frequency shift with temperature and humidity of the single mode fiber insensitive to humidity and the single mode fiber sensitive to humidity, C T1 and C H1 are the temperature and humidity coefficient of the single mode fiber insensitive to humidity, C T2 and C H2 are the temperature and humidity coefficient of the single mode fiber sensitive to humidity, respectively, and Δt and Δh are the variation amounts of the temperature and humidity relative initial values T0, H0, respectively; the actual temperature T and the relative humidity H are calculated by t=t0+Δt, h=h0+Δh; and detecting the Brillouin frequency shift Deltav of each section of single-mode fiber to obtain the ambient temperature and humidity.
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| CN112781634B (en) * | 2021-04-12 | 2021-07-06 | 南京信息工程大学 | BOTDR distributed optical fiber sensing system based on YOLOv4 convolutional neural network |
| CN113702741A (en) * | 2021-08-27 | 2021-11-26 | 中国电建集团河北省电力勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Novel cable structure and cable monitoring system |
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