CN110865318A - Method for detecting safe magnetic environment of magnet and application thereof - Google Patents
Method for detecting safe magnetic environment of magnet and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110865318A CN110865318A CN201911012494.4A CN201911012494A CN110865318A CN 110865318 A CN110865318 A CN 110865318A CN 201911012494 A CN201911012494 A CN 201911012494A CN 110865318 A CN110865318 A CN 110865318A
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Abstract
The method for detecting the safe magnetic environment of the magnet comprises the steps of supporting the magnet to be detected by a pressure sensor, reading the value of the pressure sensor when no magnetic field is applied, marking the value as N1, applying a magnetic field to the magnet to be detected, reading the value of the pressure sensor after the magnetic field is applied, marking the value as N2, calculating the stress of the magnet to be detected on the applied magnetic field △ N-N2-N1, gradually increasing the magnetic field, and detecting the highest applied magnetic field of the magnet when △ N reaches the stress threshold of the magnet to be detected, namely the safe magnetic environment endured by the magnet to be detected.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of magnet detection, in particular to a method for detecting a safe magnetic environment of a magnet and application thereof.
Background
With the continuous development of science and technology, people use strong magnetic field magnets more and more. The strong field magnet provides a strong magnetic field and is also subject to the reaction of the surrounding objects due to magnetization, and the reaction is sometimes strong enough to influence the distribution of the magnetic field of the magnet and even damage the magnet, which is especially significant for the superconducting magnet.
Superconducting magnets are widely used in current scientific research, and are basic condition equipment for researching magnetic phase change of substances. In order to research the physical behavior of a substance in a strong magnetic field environment, various technical means are often integrated into one instrument and equipment at the same time, for example, when the structural change of a sample is observed by using X-rays, neutrons and the like under the strong magnetic field condition, a radiation source, a detector, an electronics plug-in, a computer control module, sample environment equipment and the like are integrated at the same time, various materials are inevitably used as a frame and a support in the integration process, and various shielding materials are also required to be used for radiation shielding for radiation environment safety. These materials are inevitably somewhat magnetizable objects and therefore subject to magnetization by the magnetic field of the magnet and in turn act on the magnet itself, with unpredictable consequences. In order to avoid catastrophic consequences, it is necessary to perform a security assessment prior to use.
In order to evaluate the extent to which the magnet is subjected to the reaction of the surrounding object, it is necessary to make an evaluation in advance to protect the magnet itself from damage due to the reaction of the external environment. The evaluation method generally uses finite element simulation calculation, which is effective in most cases, but is not suitable for numerical simulation in special cases, for example, the surrounding environment is very complicated and cannot be effectively modeled, or the surrounding environment is not clear and cannot be modeled.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the application is to provide a novel method for detecting the safe magnetic environment of a magnet and application thereof.
The following technical scheme is adopted in the application:
one aspect of the application discloses a method for detecting a safe magnetic environment of a magnet, which comprises the steps of supporting the magnet to be detected by a pressure sensor, reading a numerical value of the pressure sensor when no magnetic field is applied, wherein the numerical value is marked as N1, applying a magnetic field to the magnet to be detected, reading the numerical value of the pressure sensor after the magnetic field is applied, wherein the numerical value is marked as N2, calculating the stress △ N of the magnet to be detected on the applied magnetic field, namely N2-N1, gradually increasing the magnetic field, and when △ N reaches the stress threshold of the magnet to be detected, correspondingly applying the magnetic field, namely the safe magnetic environment endured by the magnet to be detected.
The fact that the magnet to be measured is supported by the pressure sensor means that the magnet to be measured is supported only by the pressure sensor, and therefore the stress influence of the magnetic field change on the magnet can be accurately calculated. In this application, "when no magnetic field is applied" is with respect to the subsequent application of a magnetic field to the magnet. In the present application, the stress threshold of the magnet to be tested refers to the highest external force that can be borne by the magnet to be tested during the preparation, generally speaking, the external force exceeding the stress threshold may damage or irreversibly affect the magnet to be tested, and therefore, the external force exceeding the strength of the stress threshold is not usually applied during the use. In the application, the tolerance to the safe magnetic environment means that under a corresponding applied magnetic field, the stress generated does not exceed the stress threshold of the magnet to be tested, and the magnet to be tested is not damaged; however, if the applied magnetic field is further enhanced and exceeds the tolerant safe magnetic environment of the magnet to be measured, a magnetic field external force exceeding the stress threshold of the magnet to be measured is generated, and thus the magnet to be measured is damaged.
It should be noted that, in the method for detecting the safe magnetic environment of the magnet, the stress influence of the applied magnetic field on the magnet to be detected is calculated by using the pressure sensor, and the resistant safe magnetic environment of the magnet to be detected is finally calculated according to the stress threshold of the magnet to be detected.
Preferably, the magnet safety magnetic environment detection method further comprises the steps of supporting the magnet to be detected by the pressure sensor under the use environment of the magnet to be detected, and carrying out safety magnetic environment resistance detection under the use environment of the magnet to be detected.
It should be noted that, when the detection is performed in the use environment of the magnet to be detected, the stress change of the magnet to be detected in the complex use environment can be more accurately reflected, so that the highest tolerance safety magnetic environment of the magnet to be detected in different use environments can be more accurately obtained.
Preferably, the method for detecting the safe magnetic environment of the magnet further comprises the steps of fitting a change curve of the applied magnetic field and △ N according to a series of △ N obtained by gradually increasing the magnetic field, and calculating the stress of the magnet to be detected in different magnetic field environments according to the fitted curve.
It should be noted that, in the application, when the resistant safe magnetic environment is calculated, △ N is usually required to reach the stress threshold of the magnet to be tested, and △ N cannot exceed the stress threshold, otherwise damage is caused to the magnet to be tested, so that the application usually stops the test when △ N approaches the stress threshold, and the applied magnetic field when △ N is equal to the stress threshold is presumed to serve as the resistant safe magnetic environment according to a fitted curve or a variation trend.
Preferably, in the method for detecting the magnetic safety environment, the magnet to be detected is supported by the pressure sensors, and the method specifically comprises the step of uniformly dispersing the pressure sensors around the gravity center of the magnet to be detected to support the magnet to be detected.
It should be noted that, in the case of a large volume of the magnet to be measured, three or more pressure sensors are generally adopted in the present application to ensure effective and stable support of the magnet to be measured.
Preferably, the method for detecting the safe magnetic environment of the magnet further comprises the steps of calculating the gravity center displacement of the magnet to be detected by using a moment method according to the value change of each pressure sensor after the magnetic field is applied, and calculating the transverse stress after the magnetic field is applied according to the gravity center displacement; gradually increasing the magnetic field, and when the transverse stress reaches the transverse threshold value of the magnet to be tested, correspondingly applying the magnetic field, namely the enduring safe magnetic environment of the magnet to be tested; and comparing the applied magnetic fields of the magnet to be tested under the transverse threshold and the stress threshold, and taking the minimum as the highest resistant safe magnetic environment of the magnet to be tested.
It should be noted that the practical application environment of the magnet is complex and various, and besides longitudinal stress, lateral stress may be generated, so the application further proposes to calculate the lateral stress by a method of gravity center displacement and moment after applying a magnetic field, and calculate the highest allowable lateral stress according to a lateral threshold, thereby obtaining a resistant safe magnetic environment for the lateral stress. It can be understood that two safe magnetic environment tolerant values exist at this time, one is a safe magnetic environment tolerant corresponding to a longitudinal stress threshold value obtained by directly measuring by a pressure sensor, and the other is a safe magnetic environment tolerant to transverse stress; at this time, whether the magnet is in the longitudinal direction or in the transverse direction, the stress is ensured to be within the threshold value, so that the highest-tolerance safe magnetic environment of the magnet to be tested is the minimum of two values.
The application also discloses application of the method for detecting the safe magnetic environment of the magnet in safe magnetic environment detection of a superconducting magnet or a large-scale magnet device.
The application further discloses a method for detecting the safe magnetic environment of the superconducting magnet of the Chinese spallation neutron source, which comprises the steps of uniformly supporting the superconducting magnet by adopting three same pressure sensors, installing the superconducting magnet in a use environment containing a sample operation platform, gradually increasing a magnetic field, calculating the total stress change of the three pressure sensors, and correspondingly applying the magnetic field, namely the safe magnetic environment endured by the superconducting magnet when the total stress reaches the stress threshold value of the superconducting magnet.
The method for detecting the safe magnetic environment of the superconducting magnet of the Chinese spallation neutron source further comprises the steps of gradually increasing the magnetic field, and presuming the magnitude of the applied magnetic field at the stress threshold of the superconducting magnet according to the change trend of the total stress after the magnetic field is increased so as to evaluate the tolerance safe magnetic environment of the superconducting magnet.
The method for detecting the safe magnetic environment of the superconducting magnet of the Chinese spallation neutron source further comprises the steps of calculating the gravity center displacement of the superconducting magnet by using a moment method according to the numerical value changes of the three pressure sensors after the magnetic field is applied, and calculating the transverse stress after the magnetic field is applied according to the gravity center displacement; gradually increasing the magnetic field, and when the transverse stress reaches the transverse threshold value of the superconducting magnet, correspondingly applying the magnetic field, namely the safe magnetic environment endured by the superconducting magnet; and comparing the applied magnetic fields of the superconducting magnet under the transverse threshold value and the stress threshold value, and taking the minimum as the highest resistant safe magnetic environment of the superconducting magnet.
It should be noted that the method for detecting the safe magnetic environment of the superconducting magnet of the chinese spallation neutron source is actually a specific application of the method for detecting the safe magnetic environment of the magnet; the only difference is that because the China spallation neutron source belongs to large-scale equipment, three pressure sensors are required to be used. In addition, in order to enable the measurement to be more accurate, the superconducting magnet is placed in the using environment for measurement, so that the enduring safe magnetic environment of the superconducting magnet can be more accurately reflected. The safe magnetic environment tolerance method and the safe magnetic environment tolerance device can avoid the use of the superconducting magnet under the condition exceeding the safe magnetic environment tolerance, and guarantee the use safety of the superconducting magnet.
The beneficial effect of this application lies in:
the magnet safe magnetic environment detection method can effectively detect the highest resistant magnetic field of the magnet, so that the magnet is prevented from being used under the condition that the highest resistant magnetic field of the magnet is exceeded, and disastrous results caused by the magnet are avoided. The detection method is simple and easy to operate, has clear results, is practical and reliable, and provides a scientific and feasible scheme for the use safety evaluation of the magnet.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a method for calculating a center of gravity displacement by using a moment in an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
The present application will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples are intended to be illustrative of the present application only and should not be construed as limiting the present application.
Example one
The Chinese spallation neutron source is provided with a 9T superconducting magnet sample measuring system, and the system is planned to be installed in a sample cavity of a neutron spectrometer for use and provides a strong magnetic field environment for various samples. Although the sample chamber is made of nonmagnetic aluminum alloy material, the sample table and the surrounding operating table frame are made of ferromagnetic ferrite carbon steel, so that the sample table and the surrounding operating table frame are very easy to be magnetized and can react with the superconducting magnet, and the sample chamber is subjected to stress test in order to prevent the superconducting magnet from being damaged.
The stress threshold of the superconducting magnet sample measuring system to be measured in the embodiment is 50 kilograms of force, and the weight of the magnet to be measured is 260 kilograms. Three sets of pressure sensors with the measuring range of 200 kilograms are specially customized for the embodiment and are used for testing the safe magnetic environment of the magnet to be tested, and the specific steps are as follows:
(1) preparing three sets of pressure sensors with the same specification and the measuring range of 200 kilograms, wherein the shapes of the sensors are matched with the superconducting magnet;
(2) placing a magnet to be measured in an open field without magnetic substances, respectively installing three pressure sensors on a sealing flange of the superconducting magnet to be measured, completely supporting the weight of the whole set of superconducting magnet, uniformly arranging the three pressure sensors as far as possible, simultaneously ensuring that only the three pressure sensors are used as supports and no other object is directly contacted with the superconducting magnet to be measured to apply external force, and recording the positions of the three pressure sensors relative to the superconducting magnet to be measured;
(3) recording the pressure readings of the three installed pressure sensors in the step (2), wherein the readings are respectively marked as N1 ', N1' and N1 ', the sum of the readings of the three pressure sensors is the weight of the magnet to be measured, then changing the magnetic field of the superconducting magnet to be measured, recording the readings of the three pressure sensors again, sequentially enhancing the magnetic field, recording the readings of the pressure sensors under each magnetic field, and respectively marking the pressure readings of the three pressure sensors after increasing the magnetic field as N2', N2 'and N2', so that the force generated on the oversized magnet to be measured after increasing the magnetic field is △ N ═ N (N2 '+ N2 "+ N2') - (N1 '+ N1" + N1').
According to the steps, the magnet to be measured is measured and obtained in an off-line position, namely, a large ferromagnetic object-free area, namely, an open field without magnetic substances, the stress change of the magnet to be measured is very slow, even if the magnetic field is added to 7T, the total stress is less than 15 kilograms of force, and the magnet is completely in a safe use range.
Then, the magnetic field applied to the superconducting magnet to be detected is reduced to zero, and the magnet to be detected and the pressure sensor are installed in the using environment of the magnet to be detected, namely in a sample cavity of a neutron spectrometer of a spallation neutron source; the mounting positions of the three pressure sensors are kept unchanged; and (4) calculating the stress change of the magnet to be measured after the magnetic field is applied according to the step (3). The results show that the total force is 17 kg at 2T, 27.5 kg at 2.5T and 43.5 kg at 3.0T when the magnetic field is increased to 2T. According to the trend, the estimated value is 3.3T, and the superconducting magnet is stressed by 50 kilograms of force. Therefore, the present example predicts that the safe use range of the magnetic field of the magnet to be measured is 3.0T or less, and the maximum withstand magnetic field is about 3.3T.
According to the results, when the magnet to be detected is in the off-line position, the endurable magnetic environment can be large; however, in the use environment, due to the interaction, the tolerance magnetic field and the safe use range of the magnet to be measured are greatly reduced.
Example two
In the first embodiment, the longitudinal stress of the magnet to be measured is calculated, but actually, the stress condition of the superconducting magnet is very complex; most of the force causing damage to the superconducting coils of the superconducting magnet is a lateral force. Therefore, when the safe magnetic environment of the magnet to be tested is evaluated, the stress of the magnet to be tested is more accurately decomposed into longitudinal stress and transverse stress. Therefore, in the embodiment, the stress change of each pressure sensor is calculated by the method of the first embodiment, the gravity center displacement of the magnet to be measured is calculated by a torque method, and the transverse stress after the magnetic field is applied is calculated according to the gravity center displacement. It will be appreciated that if the three pressure sensors are uniformly arranged, in principle, the initial readings of the three pressure sensors, and the change in readings under the same change in magnetic field, should be the same; however, if lateral forces are present, the center of gravity must be shifted, which in turn causes inconsistent changes in the readings of the three pressure sensors. Thus, the center of gravity displacement, and hence the lateral force, can be calculated by moment methods.
Specifically, each magnetic field force measurement is performed according to the steps of embodiment one, and readings from three pressure sensors are recorded. Then, as shown in fig. 1, the gravity center movement of the superconducting magnet is calculated by a moment method, thereby determining the magnitude of the lateral force. Since the entire superconducting magnet is completely supported by three pressure sensors, such as A, B, C, the total force is balanced, i.e. the sum of readings F of A, B, C three sensorsA+FB+FCEqual to the sum of the total force of the magnet plus the self weight FM+ G. The sum of the moments equals zero. The vertical distance B +/-AC from the sensor B to AC is the moment arm of B, and the gravity center GCA vertical distance GC < vert > AC to AC is GCThe two moments are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction: fB*B┴AC＝GC*GCAnd (c) to AC. Similarly, there are two more equations: fA*A┴BC＝GC*GC┴BC，FC*C┴AB＝GC*GCAnd (AB). In this way, the change in the position of the center of gravity is determined, the magnitude of the lateral force is determined, and the lateral threshold value is compared to obtain the safe-to-use value range.
The foregoing is a more detailed description of the present application in connection with specific embodiments thereof, and it is not intended that the present application be limited to the specific embodiments thereof. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art from this disclosure that many more simple derivations or substitutions can be made without departing from the spirit of the disclosure.
Claims (9)
1. A method of detecting a safe magnetic environment of a magnet, comprising: the method comprises supporting a magnet to be measured by a pressure sensor;
reading the value of the pressure sensor, labeled N1, when no magnetic field is applied;
applying a magnetic field to the magnet to be tested, and reading the value of the pressure sensor after the magnetic field is applied, wherein the value is marked as N2;
calculating the stress △ N (N2-N1) of the magnet to be measured on the applied magnetic field;
and gradually increasing the magnetic field, and when △ N reaches the stress threshold of the magnet to be tested, correspondingly applying the magnetic field, namely the resistant safe magnetic environment of the magnet to be tested.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: the method also comprises the steps of supporting the magnet to be detected by using a pressure sensor under the use environment of the magnet to be detected, and detecting the tolerant safe magnetic environment under the use environment of the magnet to be detected.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a series of △ N curves obtained by gradually increasing the magnetic field, fitting the variation curve of the applied magnetic field and △ N, and calculating the stress of the magnet to be tested under different magnetic field environments according to the fitted curves.
4. A method according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that: the method is characterized in that the magnet to be detected is supported by the pressure sensors, and specifically comprises at least three pressure sensors which are uniformly dispersed around the gravity center of the magnet to be detected to support the magnet to be detected.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein: the method also comprises the steps of calculating the gravity center displacement of the magnet to be measured by using a moment method according to the value change of each pressure sensor after the magnetic field is applied, and calculating the transverse stress after the magnetic field is applied according to the gravity center displacement; gradually increasing the magnetic field, and when the transverse stress reaches the transverse threshold value of the magnet to be tested, correspondingly applying the magnetic field, namely the enduring safe magnetic environment of the magnet to be tested; and comparing the applied magnetic fields of the magnet to be tested under the transverse threshold and the stress threshold, and taking the minimum as the highest resistant safe magnetic environment of the magnet to be tested.
6. Use of the method according to any of claims 1-5 for the safe magnetic environment detection of superconducting magnets or large magnet devices.
7. A method for detecting the safe magnetic environment of a superconducting magnet of a Chinese spallation neutron source is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the steps of uniformly supporting the superconducting magnet by using three same pressure sensors, installing the superconducting magnet in a use environment containing a sample operation table, gradually increasing a magnetic field, calculating the total stress change of the three pressure sensors, and when the total stress reaches the stress threshold of the superconducting magnet, correspondingly applying the magnetic field, namely the enduring safe magnetic environment of the superconducting magnet.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein: the method also comprises the step of gradually increasing the magnetic field, and the magnitude of the applied magnetic field when the stress threshold of the superconducting magnet is presumed according to the change trend of the total stress after the magnetic field is increased, so that the tolerance safety magnetic environment of the superconducting magnet is evaluated.
9. The method according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that: the method also comprises the steps of calculating the gravity center displacement of the superconducting magnet by using a moment method according to the numerical value changes of the three pressure sensors after the magnetic field is applied, and calculating the transverse stress after the magnetic field is applied according to the gravity center displacement; gradually increasing a magnetic field, and when the transverse stress reaches a transverse threshold value of the superconducting magnet, obtaining a corresponding applied magnetic field, namely a safe magnetic environment endured by the superconducting magnet; and comparing the applied magnetic fields of the superconducting magnet under the transverse threshold value and the stress threshold value, wherein the minimum is the highest-tolerance safe magnetic environment of the superconducting magnet under the environment of the sample operating platform.
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