CN110865242B - System and method for monitoring fracture electric field intensity - Google Patents
System and method for monitoring fracture electric field intensity Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a system and a method for monitoring the strength of a fracture electric field. The system for monitoring the fracture electric field intensity comprises at least three monitoring electrodes, a monitoring instrument and computing equipment, wherein every two monitoring electrodes form a group of monitoring channels; the at least three electrodes are positioned on the same plane parallel to the fracture surface of the fracture zone, and the at least two monitoring electrodes are used as depth electrodes and are arranged in the fracture zone below the bedrock surface through detection drill holes; the monitoring instrument is connected with each monitoring electrode, detects the difference of the electric physical quantities between the two monitoring electrodes and sends the difference to the computing equipment; and calculating the equipment difference, interpolating the equal difference points of the electro-physical quantities between the two monitoring electrodes by adopting an interpolation method, and connecting the equal difference points of the electro-physical quantities of different groups of monitoring channels, thereby outlining the equipotential lines of the breaking electric field in the breaking zone. The monitoring system for the intensity of the fracture electric field can accurately monitor the intensity change of the fracture electric field.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of ground electric field detection, in particular to a system and a method for monitoring the electric field strength of a fracture.
Background
The fracture electric field refers to an electric field distributed in and near a fracture zone, and as shown in fig. 1, a prerequisite for the formation of the fracture electric field is the existence of compressive stress, and the compressive stress is the interaction force of two fractured disk blocks, which can be clarified from the origin of an earthquake. The stress concentration is used for explaining the pressure source in the piezoelectric effect forming the fracture electric field, and then the piezoelectric minerals which are orderly arranged are needed. The fact that the depth of the continental earthquake source is more than 5-25km in the so-called continental earthquake layer shows that the stress concentration point on the fracture surface mainly appears in the deep part of the crust 5-25km below the surface, and the depth is the distribution range of the granite layer. Therefore, when the fracture is cut to the depth range, orderly arranged quartz minerals are necessarily present, and the piezoelectric effect is naturally generated when stress concentration occurs on the two disks of the fracture, namely the source of an electric field in the fracture. According to the principle, the broken piezoelectric part is an obstruction part which is on the section and is used for preventing the two broken discs from moving relatively, and is a potential earthquake-generating source, namely a pregnant earthquake part. The intensity of the fracture electric field is therefore only related to the stress of this obstacle, while the size of the obstacle depends on the roughness of the fracture, independently of the mechanical and kinematic properties of the fracture.
As shown in fig. 2, the piezoelectric effect of the pregnant part can be regarded as a "power source", however, the power source may exist under the earth's surface for several kilometers or even tens of kilometers, and a human must have a "wire" for observing the power source on the earth's surface, and the "wire" is a fracture itself. According to the existing ultra-deep drilling data, the deep part of the land crust still has water, and the water can be used as a current carrier in the fracture of crack development, and the piezoelectric current generated in the deep part of the fracture can reach a shallow area due to the good conductivity of the current carrier, so that a fracture electric field is formed.
The strength of different parts of the fracture electric field is different, and the electric field strength is larger as the fracture electric field is closer to a power supply. Relative to the interior of the fractured zone, the upper and lower discs have a much lower water content than the fractured zone itself due to the failure of the fracture to develop, so that the two discs are substantially insulated. When the piezoelectric current in the fracture zone is conducted to the surface, it will contact with the superficial water to generate "leakage phenomenon". In other words, the pre-earthquake electrical anomaly measured by the above methods is essentially a "leakage electric field" (see fig. 2) formed by the radiation effect of the fracture electric field in the shallow aquifer, and the "leakage electric field" is essentially the extension of the fracture electric field at the surface region. We will refer to this as the shallow earth diffusion electric field of the fracture electric field, hereinafter referred to as the fracture diffusion electric field. The existing natural electric field method cannot accurately detect the strength change of the fracture electric field.
Disclosure of Invention
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a system and a method for monitoring the intensity of a fracture electric field, which can monitor the intensity variation of the fracture electric field relatively accurately.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a system for monitoring fracture electric field intensity, including:
the system comprises at least three monitoring electrodes, a monitoring instrument and computing equipment, wherein every two monitoring electrodes form a group of monitoring channels;
the at least three electrodes are positioned on the same plane, the plane is parallel to the section of the fracture and fragmentation zone, and the at least two monitoring electrodes are used as depth electrodes and are arranged in the fracture and fragmentation zone below the bedrock surface through detection drill holes;
every two monitoring electrodes are not positioned on the same horizontal plane at the same time, or the numerical value of the difference of the electrical physical quantities between every two monitoring electrodes is not zero, and the variation trend of the electrical physical quantities of every monitoring electrode is consistent;
the monitoring instrument is connected with each monitoring electrode, detects the electrical physical quantity difference between the two monitoring electrodes in each group of monitoring channels, and sends the electrical physical quantity difference to the computing equipment;
and the computing equipment performs interpolation of equal difference points of the electro-physical quantities between the two monitoring electrodes in each group of monitoring channels by adopting an interpolation method according to the electro-physical quantity difference, and connects the equal difference points of the electro-physical quantities of different groups of monitoring channels by taking one monitoring electrode as a reference point, so that an equipotential line of the breaking electric field intensity of the broken zone is drawn.
Further, the number of the depth electrodes is at least three, and each depth electrode is installed in a fracture zone below the bedrock face through a different probe borehole.
Furthermore, every two depth electrodes form a group of monitoring channels, the monitoring instrument is connected with each depth electrode, and the difference of the electric physical quantity between the two depth electrodes in each group of monitoring channels is detected;
or,
still include one set up in the superficial electrode in the superficial soil layer in broken area, every two degree of depth electrodes constitute a set of monitoring measurement way, monitoring instrument is connected with each degree of depth electrode and superficial electrode to detect the electrophysical volume difference between every degree of depth electrode and the superficial electrode, and obtain the electrophysical volume difference between two degree of depth electrodes in every group monitoring measurement way that constitutes by the degree of depth electrode according to the electrophysical volume difference between every degree of depth electrode and the superficial electrode.
Further, the number of the depth electrodes is at least three, and at least two depth electrodes are installed in the fracture and fragmentation zone below the bedrock surface through the same detection drill hole, and the installation depths of the two monitoring electrodes in the detection drill hole are different.
Further, the at least three monitoring electrodes comprise a superficial electrode and two depth electrodes;
the shallow electrodes are installed in shallow soil layers of the fracture and fracture zone, and the two deep electrodes are installed in the fracture and fracture zone below the surface of the bedrock through different detection drill holes.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for monitoring fracture electric field intensity, including the following steps:
acquiring the difference of the electrical physical quantities between the two monitoring electrodes in each group of monitoring channels from a monitoring instrument; wherein, every two monitoring electrodes in the at least three monitoring electrodes form at least one group of monitoring channels; the at least three electrodes are positioned on the same plane, the plane is parallel to the section of the fracture and fragmentation zone, and the at least two monitoring electrodes are used as depth electrodes and are arranged in the fracture and fragmentation zone below the bedrock surface through detection drill holes; every two monitoring electrodes are not positioned on the same horizontal plane at the same time, or the numerical value of the difference of the electrical physical quantities between every two monitoring electrodes is not zero, and the variation trend of the electrical physical quantities of every monitoring electrode is consistent; the monitoring instrument is connected with each monitoring electrode and detects the difference of the electric physical quantity between the two monitoring electrodes in each group of monitoring channels;
performing interpolation of equal difference points of the electric physical quantity between the two monitoring electrodes in each group of monitoring channels by adopting an interpolation method according to the electric physical quantity difference;
and taking a monitoring electrode as a reference point, and connecting the equal difference points of the electric physical quantities of different groups of monitoring and measuring channels, thereby outlining the equipotential lines of the breaking electric field intensity in the breaking zone.
Further, the number of the depth electrodes is at least three, and each depth electrode is installed in a fracture zone below the bedrock face through a different probe borehole.
Furthermore, every two depth electrodes form a group of monitoring channels, the monitoring instrument is connected with each depth electrode, and the difference of the electric physical quantity between the two depth electrodes in each group of monitoring channels is detected;
or,
every two depth electrodes form a group of monitoring channels, the monitoring instrument is connected with each depth electrode and a superficial electrode arranged in a superficial soil layer of a fracture and fragmentation zone, the electric physical quantity difference between each depth electrode and the superficial electrode is detected, and the electric physical quantity difference between the two depth electrodes in each group of monitoring channels formed by the depth electrodes is obtained according to the electric physical quantity difference between each depth electrode and the superficial electrode.
Further, the number of the depth electrodes is at least three, and at least two depth electrodes are installed in the fracture and fragmentation zone below the bedrock surface through the same detection drill hole, and the installation depths of the two monitoring electrodes in the detection drill hole are different.
Further, the at least three monitoring electrodes comprise a superficial electrode and two depth electrodes;
the shallow electrodes are installed in shallow soil layers of the fracture and fracture zone, and the two deep electrodes are installed in the fracture and fracture zone below the surface of the bedrock through different detection drill holes.
In the embodiment of the application, at least three monitoring electrodes are arranged in a fracture zone in parallel to the fracture zone to form a plurality of groups of monitoring channels, a monitoring instrument detects the difference of the electro-physical quantities between two monitoring electrodes in each group of monitoring channels, a computing device method interpolates the equal difference points of the electro-physical quantities between the two monitoring electrodes in each group of monitoring channels, so that equipotential lines of the electric field intensity of the fracture zone are drawn, the equipotential lines are perpendicular to the electric field lines, the density degree of the equipotential lines can reflect the speed of the electric potential change in the electric field, and the denser the equipotential lines are, the electric potential in the electric field is reduced to the next level by a shorter distance, and the electric field intensity is indicated to be smaller; the more sparse the equipotential lines are, the more the potential in the electric field is reduced to the next level through a longer distance, the larger the electric field intensity is, so that the intensity change of the breaking electric field in the breaking broken band can be monitored in real time in earthquake monitoring application, the monitoring of the breaking electric field intensity generated by the piezoelectric effect of the pregnant and earthquake part is indirectly realized, the accuracy of fracture stability evaluation is improved, and meanwhile, the equipotential lines are perpendicular to the electric field lines, and the direction of the pregnant and earthquake part can be judged according to the direction of the equipotential lines.
For a better understanding and practice, the invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
FIGS. 1 and 2 are schematic diagrams illustrating the principle of the formation of the breaking electric field;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a system for monitoring the strength of a breaking electric field of the present invention shown in one exemplary embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of the internal connections of a system for monitoring the strength of a breaking electric field of the present invention shown in one exemplary embodiment;
FIGS. 5A and 5B are schematic views of drill placement locations for monitoring a borehole shown in an exemplary embodiment;
FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of interpolation of electrical physical quantity isodyne points in a fractured fracture zone shown in an exemplary embodiment;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating the principle of determining electric field direction from rupture electric field equipotential lines in an exemplary embodiment;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the configuration of a system for monitoring the strength of a breaking electric field of the present invention shown in one exemplary embodiment;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the configuration of a system for monitoring the strength of a breaking electric field of the present invention shown in one exemplary embodiment;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the configuration of a system for monitoring the strength of a breaking electric field of the present invention shown in one exemplary embodiment;
fig. 11 is a flow chart illustrating a method of monitoring the strength of a breaking electric field of the present invention in an exemplary embodiment.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not limiting of the invention. It should be further noted that, for the convenience of description, only some but not all of the relevant aspects of the present invention are shown in the drawings.
The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms "a", "an", and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the term "and/or" as used herein refers to and encompasses any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
It is to be understood that although the terms first, second, third, etc. may be used herein to describe various information, these information should not be limited to these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one type of information from another. For example, first information may also be referred to as second information, and similarly, second information may also be referred to as first information, without departing from the scope of the present invention. The word "if" as used herein may be interpreted as "at … …" or "when … …" or "in response to a determination", depending on the context.
The existing natural electric field method is essentially to observe the 'electric leakage phenomenon' which is a fracture diffusion electric field, when the measuring channel of the natural electric field method is obliquely cut or vertically fractured and spread, the electrical abnormity occurs, so that the careless arrangement of the earth electric channel on the earth surface is the root cause of unreliable earth electric observation.
Since the conductivity of the intact rock is very low, much smaller than the fracture zone rich in free water, the conductor of the current in the fracture zone can be considered as free water. From the basic principle of electricity and the model shown in fig. 2, it can be known that the fracture electric field has two main characteristics: firstly, in a fracture zone, the farther a place is away from a piezoelectric point in a space position, the smaller the field intensity is, the smaller the current value is, and the smaller the voltage is; secondly, in the ground surface fracture diffusion electric field, the intensity of the fracture electric field is attenuated from the fracture zone to the two disks, and the attenuation speed of the two disks in the fracture zone is greater than that in the fracture zone.
Based on the principle, when the stress of the pregnant earthquake area is accumulated, the power of the power supply is increased. Therefore, the power of the power supply, namely the stress accumulation condition, can be calculated back by observing the change amplitude (voltage difference or current difference) of the electric field in the fracture zone and on the disk and combining various geological physical quantities to compare the background electric field. However, this method can only do detection, and cannot do true monitoring.
The application provides a monitoring system of fracture electric field intensity can monitor the intensity variation of fracture electric field.
Fig. 3 and 4 are schematic structural diagrams of a system for monitoring the fracture electric field strength in an embodiment of the present application, in which the system for monitoring the fracture electric field strength includes three monitoring electrodes a, b, and c for detecting an electro-physical quantity in a fracture and fracture zone, a monitoring instrument e, and a computing device f.
The system for monitoring the fracture electric field intensity in the embodiment is suitable for the construction of a single monitoring station. The range of interest for a single monitoring station should be limited to the visual range of the naked eye in open space, such as a school, or a building.
The fracture zone corresponding to the monitoring system for fracture electric field strength in the embodiment is not only a tensile fracture zone, but also the same for reverse fracture and slip fracture (corresponding to compressive fracture and torsional fracture zones), because the fracture electric field is generated regardless of the mechanical and kinematic properties of the fracture and only related to the roughness of the fracture (as explained in the foregoing theory). The fracture zone is a regional deep fracture for controlling landform, old stratum dislocation can be seen by naked eyes, or small ore control fractures or filling dikes are not considered, because the fractures, fractures or faults can not cause large-scale tectonic earthquakes.
As shown in fig. 3, the monitor electrodes a, b and C are installed as depth electrodes in the fracture zone below the bedrock face by probe boreholes A, B and C, respectively. In order to prevent collapse of the fourth tied-up layer and weathered bed rock layer and shallow water layer changes from affecting the probe borehole, the probe boreholes A, B and C are provided with casing for collapse and water isolation in the corresponding hole sections of the fourth tied-up layer and weathered bed rock layer.
In the embodiment, every two monitoring electrodes in the monitoring electrodes a, b and c form a group of monitoring traces, the installation positions of the monitoring electrodes a, b and c in the fracture and fragmentation zone are located on the same plane, and the plane is parallel to the section of the fracture and fragmentation zone. The fracture surface of the fracture zone is a surface of the fracture zone intersected with the fracture upper plate or the fracture lower plate at a vertical distance. In fig. 3 and the following drawings, the connection line between the two monitoring electrodes indicates that the two monitoring electrodes form a group of monitoring channels, and does not mean that the two monitoring electrodes are directly communicated through a wire.
In the embodiment, the mounting depths of the monitoring electrodes a, b and c are different, namely, each monitoring electrode is not positioned on the same horizontal plane with other monitoring electrodes at the same time; or the value of the difference of the electrical physical quantities between every two monitoring electrodes is not zero, and the variation trend of the electrical physical quantities of each monitoring electrode is consistent.
Based on the principle that a straight line can be determined by two points and a plane can be determined by two crossed straight lines, a monitoring plane can be constructed in the broken fracture zone by utilizing at least three monitoring electrodes which are not on the same straight line and are arranged in the broken fracture zone. Meanwhile, because each monitoring electrode is respectively arranged in different drill holes, the inclination angle of the monitoring plane can be controlled by adjusting the installation depth of the electrodes so as to be parallel to the fracture surface.
In other examples, the number of monitoring electrodes may also be other numbers greater than 3. In some examples, the monitoring system of the fracture electric field strength may include a superficial electrode disposed in a superficial soil layer of the fracture and fracture zone, the superficial electrode and the other depth electrodes being located on a plane parallel to the fracture and fracture zone if the superficial electrode and the other depth electrodes form a survey, or the superficial electrode and the other depth electrodes being located on a plane parallel to the fracture and fracture zone if the superficial electrode and the other depth electrodes do not form a survey.
In some examples, the sleeve includes a steel layer and a PVC layer, the steel layer being wrapped around the PVC layer. As shown in fig. 5A and 5B, the drill placement position of the monitor drill hole depends on the shape of the fractured zone, and the higher the fracture shape, the closer the opening position is to the fractured zone.
As shown in fig. 4, the monitoring instrument e is respectively connected to the reference electrode and each of the depth electrodes a, b, and c through a cable, and a voltage or current detection circuit is provided in the monitoring instrument e for detecting an electrophysical quantity difference between the electrophysical quantities detected by each two depth electrodes in the fracture zone in real time and sending the electrophysical quantity difference to the computing device f.
And the computing equipment f interpolates the equal difference points of the electro-physical quantities between the two monitoring electrodes in each group of monitoring channels by adopting an interpolation method according to the electro-physical quantity difference, and takes one monitoring electrode as a reference point to connect the equal difference points of the electro-physical quantities of different groups of monitoring channels, so as to draw out an equipotential line of the electric field broken in the broken and broken zone, wherein the reference point is preferably the point with the relatively minimum electric potential or the relatively maximum electric potential.
The computing equipment f can be a computer or a server or special experimental equipment, analysis software is installed in the computer, and interpolation of the electro-physical quantity and drawing of the fracture diffusion electric field equipotential lines of the superficial soil layer can be completed.
The electrical physical quantity in the present application may be a current and/or a voltage, and the following description will be made with reference to the voltage, that is, the electrical physical quantity difference is a voltage difference between the reference electrode and each superficial electrode, and the difference point of the electrical physical quantity is a difference point of the voltage.
As shown in fig. 6, in an example, fig. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating the principle of interpolating the difference point of the electrical physical quantity between two monitoring electrodes in each monitoring trace by interpolation method in the embodiment of the present application, where the depth electrodes a, b, c form a monitoring plane, and the monitoring instrument can obtain the voltage differences Δ Uab, Δ Ubc, and Δ Uac between the trace ab, trace bc, and trace ac, and since the distances (l1, l2, l3) between the depth electrodes a, b, and c are known, in an ideal state, if the voltage is varied with uniform distance, the voltage difference between the two electrodes can be divided by the distance between the two electrodes, for example, Δ Ubc/l2, to obtain the attenuation variable dU per unit distance of the voltage difference, which is in millivolts/meter (mV/m). Since Δ Ubc is a vector, all voltage changes in the direction along the electrodes b, c can be found by multiplying dU by the distance between the electrodes b, c. Therefore, the interpolation is not a direct potential line of the electric field, but a difference point of the electric physical quantity, that is, a difference point of the voltage.
The computing device f may perform voltage equal difference point interpolation between two monitoring electrodes in each group of monitoring channels according to the set interpolation distance, that is, the set distance between two adjacent interpolation points is the same. In some examples, the voltage equal difference point between two monitoring electrodes in each group of monitoring traces may also be interpolated according to the set difference of the electrical physical quantity, that is, the voltage difference between two adjacent interpolation points is the set voltage difference.
In fig. 6, the voltage differences Δ Uab, Δ Ubc, and Δ Uac are 500mV, 200mV, and 700mV, respectively, and the distances l1, l2, l3 are 50 meters, 40 meters, and 70 meters, respectively. If the interpolation of the voltage equal difference point between the two monitoring electrodes in each group of monitoring measurement is carried out according to the set interpolation distance, the interpolation can be carried out between the monitoring electrodes by adopting an interpolation method through the set interpolation distance l. Since the interpolation distance l is controllable, the size of each segment voltage isodyne is directly dependent on the measured values of the voltage difference between the two monitoring electrodes, i.e., Δ Uab, Δ Ubc, and Δ Uac. Taking 10m as an example of interval interpolation, the dU between the monitoring electrodes a and b is 500mV/50m is 10 mV/m; and (4) performing interpolation, wherein the voltage difference of one interpolation point nearest to the monitoring electrode a from the monitoring electrode a to the monitoring electrode b is 10mV/m by 10 m-100 mV.
Therefore, after the interpolation of the voltage equal difference points is completed, the voltage equal difference points with the same voltage difference with the electrode a in different groups of monitoring channels can be connected by taking the monitoring electrode a as a reference point, and the equipotential lines of the breaking electric field in the breaking and breaking zone can be drawn. As shown in fig. 6, if the monitoring electrode a is taken as a reference point, the voltage difference between the voltage equal difference between the monitoring electrodes b, c and the voltage difference between the monitoring electrode a are 550mV, 600mV, and 650mV, respectively.
In other examples, any monitoring electrode that is convenient to calculate may be used as the reference point, and if the number of monitoring electrodes is larger, a plurality of reference points may be included.
In order to make the drawn equipotential lines have a larger range, a larger number of monitoring electrodes may be provided, or interpolation of voltage equipotential points may be performed in regions other than the monitoring electrodes a, b, and c by using an extrapolation method. For example, the voltage difference of the monitoring electrode b at the first interpolation point far from the monitoring electrode a on the straight line where the monitoring electrodes a and b are located is 500mV +10mV/m 10 m-600 mV; the voltage difference of the monitoring electrode c at the first interpolation point far away from the monitoring electrode a on the straight line where the monitoring electrodes a and c are positioned is 700mV +10mV/m 10 m-800 mV.
In other examples, the attenuation variable dU may also be a function of the distance l, i.e. a non-uniform variation. Then dU can be calculated more accurately by differentiation, which is basically consistent with the concept of acceleration differentiation, except that the latter is the change in velocity over time.
As shown in fig. 7, the equipotential lines are perpendicular to the electric field lines, and the density degree of the equipotential lines can reflect the speed of the change of the electric potential in the electric field, and the denser the equipotential lines are, it indicates that the electric potential in the electric field is reduced to the next level by a shorter distance, which indicates that the electric field strength is smaller; the more sparse the equipotential lines, the more the potential in the electric field decreases over a longer distance to the next level, indicating a greater electric field strength.
In the embodiment of the application, at least three monitoring electrodes are arranged in a fracture zone in parallel to the fracture zone to form a plurality of groups of monitoring channels, a monitoring instrument detects the difference of the electro-physical quantities between two monitoring electrodes in each group of monitoring channels, a computing device method interpolates the equal difference points of the electro-physical quantities between the two monitoring electrodes in each group of monitoring channels, so that equipotential lines of the electric field intensity of the fracture zone are drawn, the equipotential lines are perpendicular to the electric field lines, the density degree of the equipotential lines can reflect the speed of the electric potential change in the electric field, and the denser the equipotential lines are, the electric potential in the electric field is reduced to the next level by a shorter distance, and the electric field intensity is indicated to be smaller; the more sparse the equipotential lines are, the more the potential in the electric field is reduced to the next level through a longer distance, the larger the electric field intensity is, so that the intensity change of the breaking electric field in the breaking broken band can be monitored in real time in earthquake monitoring application, the monitoring of the breaking electric field intensity generated by the piezoelectric effect of the pregnant and earthquake part is indirectly realized, the accuracy of fracture stability evaluation is improved, and meanwhile, the equipotential lines are perpendicular to the electric field lines, and the direction of the pregnant and earthquake part can be judged according to the direction of the equipotential lines.
In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in fig. 8, on the basis of the at least three monitoring electrodes in the above-mentioned embodiment, a common superficial electrode d may be further included, and the superficial electrode d is installed in a superficial soil layer in the fracture and fracture zone, and the superficial electrode d has no installation depth requirement, and in some cases, only needs to be simply buried in the soil layer, but the electrode should be prevented from being exposed to the surface, and the isolation of artificial electromagnetic radiation is better. In other examples, the superficial electrode d may be installed in a superficial soil layer in one of the upper or lower fracture plates for easy installation.
In this embodiment, still, each two depth electrodes form a group of monitoring traces, and the monitoring instrument is connected to each depth electrode and also connected to the common superficial electrode d, and monitors a voltage difference between each depth electrode and the common superficial electrode d, so as to obtain a voltage difference between two depth electrodes in each group of monitoring traces formed by the depth electrodes according to the voltage difference.
In order to save cost, the monitoring system for fracture electric field strength in the embodiment of the present invention mainly aims at the construction of the detection borehole for installing the depth electrode, and in a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 9, the monitoring system for fracture electric field strength in the embodiment comprises three depth electrodes a, B and c installed in the fracture and fracture zone below the bedrock surface, wherein the depth electrodes a and B are installed in the detection borehole a together, the installation depths of the depth electrodes a and B in the detection borehole a are different, the installation depths of the depth electrodes a and B and the depth electrode c installed in the detection borehole B are also different, and the depth electrodes a, B and c together form a plane parallel to the fracture surface of the fracture and fracture zone.
In other embodiments including more depth electrodes, more than one depth electrode may be disposed in multiple probe boreholes, or a greater number of depth electrodes may be disposed in multiple probe boreholes, according to the same principles, to improve detection accuracy.
Fig. 10 shows a monitoring system for fracture electric field strength in another embodiment of the present invention, different from the previous embodiment, the monitoring electrode c in this embodiment is a superficial electrode, the superficial electrode c is installed in a superficial soil layer in the fracture and fracture zone, the superficial electrode d has no installation depth requirement, and in some examples, the monitoring electrode c is simply buried in the soil layer, but the monitoring electrode d should be prevented from being exposed on the surface of the earth, and it is better if isolation of artificial electromagnetic radiation can be achieved.
The superficial electrode c and the depth electrodes a and b respectively form two groups of monitoring channels, and the depth electrodes a and b form one group of monitoring channels, so that the superficial electrode c and the depth electrodes a and b form a plane parallel to a fracture surface of a fracture zone.
In this embodiment, the monitoring instrument is respectively connected to the depth electrodes a, b and the superficial electrode c, and detects a voltage difference between two monitoring electrodes in each group of monitoring channels formed by the depth electrodes a, b and the superficial electrode c, and sends the voltage difference to the computing device. The computing equipment performs interpolation of the equal difference points of the electro-physical quantities between the two monitoring electrodes in each group of monitoring channels according to the interpolation method in the embodiment, and connects the equal difference points of the electro-physical quantities of different groups of monitoring channels by taking one monitoring electrode as a reference point, so as to draw the equipotential lines of the electric field broken in the broken zone. The interpolation method is the same as the implementation method in the above embodiment, and therefore is not described in detail.
Based on the same principle as the fracture electric field strength monitoring system in the above embodiment, the present invention further provides a fracture electric field strength monitoring method, as shown in fig. 11, which is executed by the computing device in the above embodiment, and includes the following steps:
step S101: acquiring the difference of the electrical physical quantities between the two monitoring electrodes in each group of monitoring channels from a monitoring instrument;
wherein, every two monitoring electrodes in the at least three monitoring electrodes form at least one group of monitoring channels; the at least three electrodes are positioned on the same plane, the plane is parallel to the section of the fracture and fragmentation zone, and the at least two monitoring electrodes are used as depth electrodes and are arranged in the fracture and fragmentation zone below the bedrock surface through detection drill holes; every two monitoring electrodes are not positioned on the same horizontal plane at the same time, or the numerical value of the difference of the electrical physical quantities between every two monitoring electrodes is not zero, and the variation trend of the electrical physical quantities of every monitoring electrode is consistent; the monitoring instrument is connected with each monitoring electrode and detects the difference of the electric physical quantity between the two monitoring electrodes in each group of monitoring channels;
step S102: performing interpolation of equal difference points of the electric physical quantity between the two monitoring electrodes in each group of monitoring channels by adopting an interpolation method according to the electric physical quantity difference;
step S103: and taking a monitoring electrode as a reference point, and connecting the equal difference points of the electric physical quantities of different groups of monitoring and measuring channels, thereby outlining the equipotential lines of the breaking electric field intensity in the breaking zone.
In an alternative embodiment, the number of depth electrodes is at least three and each depth electrode is installed in a fracture zone below the bedrock face by a different probe borehole.
In an optional embodiment, each two depth electrodes form a group of monitoring channels, the monitoring instrument is connected with each depth electrode, and detects the difference of the electric physical quantity between the two depth electrodes in each group of monitoring channels;
or,
every two depth electrodes form a group of monitoring channels, the monitoring instrument is connected with each depth electrode and a superficial electrode arranged in a superficial soil layer of a fracture and fragmentation zone, the electric physical quantity difference between each depth electrode and the superficial electrode is detected, and the electric physical quantity difference between the two depth electrodes in each group of monitoring channels formed by the depth electrodes is obtained according to the electric physical quantity difference between each depth electrode and the superficial electrode.
In an alternative embodiment, the number of depth electrodes is at least three, and wherein at least two depth electrodes are installed in the fracture zone below the bedrock face by the same probe borehole, the two monitoring electrodes being installed at different depths in the probe borehole.
In an alternative embodiment, the at least three monitoring electrodes include a superficial electrode and two deep electrodes;
the shallow electrodes are installed in shallow soil layers of the fracture and fracture zone, and the two deep electrodes are installed in the fracture and fracture zone below the surface of the bedrock through different detection drill holes.
As for the method embodiment, since it is basically similar to the system embodiment described above, the description is simple, and the relevant points can be referred to the partial description of the system embodiment.
In the system and the method for monitoring the fracture electric field strength, at least three monitoring electrodes are arranged in a fracture zone in parallel with the fracture zone to form a plurality of groups of monitoring channels, a monitoring instrument detects the difference of electric physical quantities between two monitoring electrodes in each group of monitoring channels, a computing device method interpolates the equal difference points of the electric physical quantities between the two monitoring electrodes in each group of monitoring channels, so that the equipotential lines of the fracture electric field strength in the fracture zone are outlined, the equipotential lines are perpendicular to electric field lines, the density degree of the equipotential lines can reflect the speed of electric potential change in the electric field, and the denser the equipotential lines are, the electric potential in the electric field is reduced to the next level by a shorter distance, and the electric field strength is smaller; the more sparse the equipotential lines are, the more the potential in the electric field is reduced to the next level through a longer distance, the larger the electric field intensity is, so that the intensity change of the breaking electric field in the breaking broken band can be monitored in real time in earthquake monitoring application, the monitoring of the breaking electric field intensity generated by the piezoelectric effect of the pregnant and earthquake part is indirectly realized, the accuracy of fracture stability evaluation is improved, and meanwhile, the equipotential lines are perpendicular to the electric field lines, and the direction of the pregnant and earthquake part can be judged according to the direction of the equipotential lines.
Other embodiments of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the invention disclosed herein. This invention is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the invention following, in general, the principles of the invention and including such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice within the art to which the invention pertains. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit of the invention being indicated by the following claims.
It will be understood that the invention is not limited to the precise arrangements described above and shown in the drawings and that various modifications and changes may be made without departing from the scope thereof. The scope of the invention is limited only by the appended claims.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A system for monitoring the strength of a breaking electric field, comprising:
the system comprises at least three monitoring electrodes, a monitoring instrument and computing equipment, wherein every two monitoring electrodes form a group of monitoring channels;
the at least three electrodes are positioned on the same plane, the plane is parallel to the section of the fracture and fragmentation zone, and the at least two monitoring electrodes are used as depth electrodes and are arranged in the fracture and fragmentation zone below the bedrock surface through detection drill holes;
every two monitoring electrodes are not positioned on the same horizontal plane at the same time, or the numerical value of the difference of the electrical physical quantities between every two monitoring electrodes is not zero, and the variation trend of the electrical physical quantities of every monitoring electrode is consistent;
the monitoring instrument is connected with each monitoring electrode, detects the electrical physical quantity difference between the two monitoring electrodes in each group of monitoring channels, and sends the electrical physical quantity difference to the computing equipment;
and the computing equipment performs interpolation of equal difference points of the electro-physical quantities between the two monitoring electrodes in each group of monitoring channels by adopting an interpolation method according to the electro-physical quantity difference, and takes one monitoring electrode as a reference point to connect the equal difference points of the electro-physical quantities of different groups of monitoring channels, so that equipotential lines of the breaking electric field in the breaking zone are drawn.
2. The system for monitoring the strength of the electric field at break according to claim 1, wherein:
the number of depth electrodes is at least three and each depth electrode is installed in a fracture zone below the bedrock face by a different probe borehole.
3. The system for monitoring the strength of the electric field at break according to claim 2, wherein:
every two depth electrodes form a group of monitoring channels, the monitoring instrument is connected with each depth electrode, and the difference of the electric physical quantity between the two depth electrodes in each group of monitoring channels is detected;
or,
still include one set up in the superficial electrode in the superficial soil layer in broken area, every two degree of depth electrodes constitute a set of monitoring measurement way, monitoring instrument is connected with each degree of depth electrode and superficial electrode to detect the electrophysical volume difference between every degree of depth electrode and the superficial electrode, and obtain the electrophysical volume difference between two degree of depth electrodes in every group monitoring measurement way that constitutes by the degree of depth electrode according to the electrophysical volume difference between every degree of depth electrode and the superficial electrode.
4. The system for monitoring the strength of the electric field at break according to claim 1, wherein:
the number of the depth electrodes is at least three, at least two depth electrodes are installed in a fracture zone below a bedrock surface through the same detection drill hole, and the installation depths of the two monitoring electrodes in the detection drill hole are different.
5. The system for monitoring the strength of the electric field at break according to claim 1, wherein:
the at least three monitoring electrodes comprise a superficial electrode and two depth electrodes;
the shallow electrodes are installed in shallow soil layers of the fracture and fracture zone, and the two deep electrodes are installed in the fracture and fracture zone below the surface of the bedrock through different detection drill holes.
6. A method for monitoring the strength of a fracture electric field is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring the difference of the electrical physical quantities between the two monitoring electrodes in each group of monitoring channels from a monitoring instrument; wherein, every two monitoring electrodes in the at least three monitoring electrodes form at least one group of monitoring channels; the at least three electrodes are positioned on the same plane, the plane is parallel to the section of the fracture and fragmentation zone, and the at least two monitoring electrodes are used as depth electrodes and are arranged in the fracture and fragmentation zone below the bedrock surface through detection drill holes; every two monitoring electrodes are not positioned on the same horizontal plane at the same time, or the numerical value of the difference of the electrical physical quantities between every two monitoring electrodes is not zero, and the variation trend of the electrical physical quantities of every monitoring electrode is consistent; the monitoring instrument is connected with each monitoring electrode and detects the difference of the electric physical quantity between the two monitoring electrodes in each group of monitoring channels;
performing interpolation of equal difference points of the electric physical quantity between the two monitoring electrodes in each group of monitoring channels by adopting an interpolation method according to the electric physical quantity difference;
and taking a monitoring electrode as a reference point, and connecting the equal difference points of the electric physical quantities of different groups of monitoring and measuring channels, thereby outlining the equipotential lines of the breaking electric field intensity in the breaking zone.
7. The method for monitoring the electric field strength of the fracture according to claim 6, wherein:
the number of depth electrodes is at least three and each depth electrode is installed in a fracture zone below the bedrock face by a different probe borehole.
8. The method for monitoring the electric field strength of a fracture according to claim 7, wherein:
every two depth electrodes form a group of monitoring channels, the monitoring instrument is connected with each depth electrode, and the difference of the electric physical quantity between the two depth electrodes in each group of monitoring channels is detected;
or,
every two depth electrodes form a group of monitoring channels, the monitoring instrument is connected with each depth electrode and a superficial electrode arranged in a superficial soil layer of a fracture and fragmentation zone, the electric physical quantity difference between each depth electrode and the superficial electrode is detected, and the electric physical quantity difference between the two depth electrodes in each group of monitoring channels formed by the depth electrodes is obtained according to the electric physical quantity difference between each depth electrode and the superficial electrode.
9. The method for monitoring the electric field strength of the fracture according to claim 6, wherein:
the number of the depth electrodes is at least three, at least two depth electrodes are installed in a fracture zone below a bedrock surface through the same detection drill hole, and the installation depths of the two monitoring electrodes in the detection drill hole are different.
10. The method for monitoring the electric field strength of the fracture according to claim 6, wherein:
the at least three monitoring electrodes comprise a superficial electrode and two depth electrodes;
the shallow electrodes are installed in shallow soil layers of the fracture and fracture zone, and the two deep electrodes are installed in the fracture and fracture zone below the surface of the bedrock through different detection drill holes.
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