CN110854973A - 电动汽车的充电站 - Google Patents

电动汽车的充电站 Download PDF

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CN110854973A
CN110854973A CN201910672501.7A CN201910672501A CN110854973A CN 110854973 A CN110854973 A CN 110854973A CN 201910672501 A CN201910672501 A CN 201910672501A CN 110854973 A CN110854973 A CN 110854973A
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charging
charging station
power
hand
power electronics
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R·海涅
F·乔斯洛斯基
M·基弗
T·斯派德尔
A·纳图尔
M·博纳
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Adis Technology Energy Co ltd
Dr Ing HCF Porsche AG
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Dr Ing HCF Porsche AG
ADS TEC GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/30—Constructional details of charging stations
    • B60L53/31—Charging columns specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/60—Monitoring or controlling charging stations
    • B60L53/67—Controlling two or more charging stations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/14—Conductive energy transfer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/50—Charging stations characterised by energy-storage or power-generation means
    • B60L53/53—Batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
    • H02J1/08—Three-wire systems; Systems having more than three wires
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
    • H02J1/10—Parallel operation of dc sources
    • H02J1/102—Parallel operation of dc sources being switching converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0042—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by the mechanical construction
    • H02J7/0045—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by the mechanical construction concerning the insertion or the connection of the batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
    • H02J2310/48—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/12—Electric charging stations
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供一种用于电动汽车的充电站(10)，该充电站具有可变数量的功率电子模块(11)以及与这些功率电子模块(11)电连接的可变数量的充电接口(12)。

Description

电动汽车的充电站
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于电动汽车的充电站。
背景技术
在电子技术中，用于在无需强制性地取出能量储存器(如电动汽车的牵引电池)的情况下通过简单地置入或***来向可移动的由电池驱动的装置、机器或机动车辆供应能量的任何固定装置或电子设备都被称为充电站。用于电动汽车的充电站有时还被称为“加电站”并且可以包括多个充电点。
在此，尤其已知直流快速充电***(high performance charging，HPC)，如在欧洲推广的所谓组合充电***(combined charging system，CCS)。在进行所属类型的直流充电时，直流电从充电桩直接被馈送到车辆中且为此由电网的高功率整流器来提供或由太阳能加电站(Solartankstellen)处的大的缓存蓄电池来提供。在车辆中存在电池管理***，该电池管理***与充电桩直接或间接通信，以便适配电流强度或在达到容量极限时终止该过程。
在此，功率电子装置通常位于充电桩中。由于充电桩的直流端直接与牵引电池的对应端相连接，所以能够以低损耗传输高的充电电流，这可以实现短的充电时间。
在世界范围内使用的不同的充电站通常是以一个功率级来设计的并且之后不能再扩展。后来可改装的模块化***到目前为止很少被使用或被认知。
在EP 2572431 B1中描述了一种具有多个充电接口的充电***，其中每个充电接口可以至少为一辆电动车辆提供功率。为此存在多个功率转换器，以用于将电源的功率转换为适合车辆充电的规格。此外还设置有可切换的连接矩阵，以用于将至少一个功率转换器与至少一个充电接口连接。该充电***包括控制单元，以用于控制至少一个功率转换器和/或连接矩阵的切换过程。最后，存在通信器件，以用于与电动车辆交换参数。
US 7256516 B2公开了一种用于给多个电池充电的充电站。为此，输入侧的电网接口被划分成多个二级接口，其中这些二级接口在总和上超过输入侧的电网接口的功率。此外，一个或多个逆变器将电网接口的功率分配到多个二级接口上。在此，这些逆变器可以将比在电网接口获得的更多的功率输出至二级接口。
DE 102015110023 A1公开了一种最大达最大功率可灵活扩展的充电站，该充电站被实施为具有多个整流器模块(各自具有电流隔离的引线)的高功率整流器、降压型DC/DC转换器以及可再循环的缓冲储存器。
WO 2013159821 A1描述了一种模块化的充电装置，该充电装置具有可变数量的充电接口和作为***件也可改装的相互之间结构相同的逆变器单元，这些逆变器单元各自具有交流电接口、整流器、直流电压中间回路、DC/DC转换器以及直流电接口。在此，这些逆变器单元可以选择性地以直流或交流逆变器运行的方式工作。此外可以设置有电池。每个逆变器单元和尤其其整流器可以根据功率需求与其他的逆变器单元和整流器独立地接通和切断以及工作；然而，功率也可以从一个直流电压中间回路被输入到另一个直流电压中间回路中。
发明内容
本发明追求如下目标，提供一种带有缓冲储存器的充电站，该缓存储存器装载有少的电源线(Netzleistungen)并且提供用于给电动车辆充电的大的功率。这种充电站的功率电子器件应可以以一个或多个充电插头为最多达两个充电桩供应能量。在此，应在各个充电桩处供应最大能量。如果应为两个充电桩同时供电，那么对应地对能量进行分配。此外，充电桩、电池和功率电子器件应可以改装，从而使得由组合产生非常模块化的产品。
这个目标通过根据下述1所述的用于电动汽车的充电站实现。本发明的其他有利的设计方案在下述2-10中给出：
1.一种用于电动汽车的充电站(10)，
其特征在于：
-可变数量的功率电子模块(11)，以及
-与这些功率电子模块(11)电连接的可变数量的充电接口(12)。
2.根据上述1所述的充电站(10)，
其特征在于以下工厂配置：
-一个功率电子模块(11)，以及
-一个充电接口(12)。
3.根据上述1所述的充电站(10)，
其特征在于以下工厂配置：
-两个功率电子模块(11)，以及
-一个充电接口(12)。
4.根据上述1所述的充电站(10)，
其特征在于以下工厂配置：
-两个功率电子模块(11)，以及
-两个充电接口(12)。
5.根据上述1所述的充电站(10)，
其特征在于以下工厂配置：
-一个功率电子模块(11)，
-一个充电接口(12)，以及
-一方面与该功率电子模块(11)并且另一方面与该充电接口(12)电连接的一条电池支线(13)。
6.根据上述1所述的充电站(10)，
其特征在于以下工厂配置：
-两个功率电子模块(11)，
-一个充电接口(12)，以及
-一方面与所述功率电子模块(11)并且另一方面与该充电接口(12)电连接的一条电池支线(13)。
7.根据上述1所述的充电站(10)，
其特征在于以下工厂配置：
-两个功率电子模块(11)，
-两个充电接口(12)，以及
-一方面与所述功率电子模块(11)并且另一方面与所述充电接口(12)电连接的一条电池支线(13)。
8.根据上述1所述的充电站(10)，
其特征在于以下工厂配置：
-一个功率电子模块(11)，
-一个充电接口(12)，以及
-一方面与该功率电子模块(11)并且另一方面与该充电接口(12)电连接的两条电池支线(13)。
9.根据上述1所述的充电站(10)，
其特征在于以下工厂配置：
-两个功率电子模块(11)，
-一个充电接口(12)，以及
-一方面与所述功率电子模块(11)并且另一方面与该充电接口(12)电连接的两条电池支线(13)。
10.根据上述1所述的充电站(10)，
其特征在于以下工厂配置：
-两个功率电子模块(11)，
-两个充电接口(12)，以及
-一方面与所述功率电子模块(11)并且另一方面与所述充电接口(12)电连接的两条电池支线(13)。
附图说明
本发明的实施例在附图中示出并将在下文中更详细地说明。
图1示出了根据本发明的充电站的最小的型式。
图2示出了根据本发明的充电站的第二最小的型式。
图3示出了根据本发明的充电站的另一个小的型式。
图4示出了根据本发明的充电站的中等小的型式。
图5示出了根据本发明的充电站的中等大的型式。
图6示出了根据本发明的充电站的大的型式。
图7示出了根据本发明的充电站的较大的型式。
图8示出了根据本发明的充电站的第二较大的型式。
图9示出了根据本发明的充电站的最大的型式。
具体实施方式
附图在概览图中展示了所提出的充电站(10-图1)的灵活性，该充电站的功率电子器件可以在同一壳体内由第二功率电子模块(11)扩展(图2)。这随后也还是可能的并且允许经由对应的充电接口(12)连接最多达两个充电桩(图3)。
为了缓冲引自电网的能量，充电站(10)配备有电池(13-图4)。在此，在两个功率电子模块(11-图5和图6)的连接中，也可以从电网引入并且使用双倍的功率，以便节省充电站(10)的电池。
该电池被划分在两个一样大的电池支线(13)。从单个的电池支线(13)出发，其容量因此同样也可以在同一壳体内随后被加倍(图7和图8)。
由此总体上产生高度模块化的***，该***可以例如根据图4的配置对应地首先以非常有利的方式配备有一个充电桩、一个功率电子模块(11)和一条电池支线(13)。然后，这个***也可以在最多达两个充电接口(12)上配备有两个功率电子模块(11)和一个双倍大的、带有两条电池支线(13)的电池，如在图9中可看到的。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于电动汽车的充电站(10)，
其特征在于：
-可变数量的功率电子模块(11)，以及
-与这些功率电子模块(11)电连接的可变数量的充电接口(12)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的充电站(10)，
其特征在于以下工厂配置：
-一个功率电子模块(11)，以及
-一个充电接口(12)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的充电站(10)，
其特征在于以下工厂配置：
-两个功率电子模块(11)，以及
-一个充电接口(12)。
4.根据权利要求1所述的充电站(10)，
其特征在于以下工厂配置：
-两个功率电子模块(11)，以及
-两个充电接口(12)。
5.根据权利要求1所述的充电站(10)，
其特征在于以下工厂配置：
-一个功率电子模块(11)，
-一个充电接口(12)，以及
-一方面与该功率电子模块(11)并且另一方面与该充电接口(12)电连接的一条电池支线(13)。
6.根据权利要求1所述的充电站(10)，
其特征在于以下工厂配置：
-两个功率电子模块(11)，
-一个充电接口(12)，以及
-一方面与所述功率电子模块(11)并且另一方面与该充电接口(12)电连接的一条电池支线(13)。
7.根据权利要求1所述的充电站(10)，
其特征在于以下工厂配置：
-两个功率电子模块(11)，
-两个充电接口(12)，以及
-一方面与所述功率电子模块(11)并且另一方面与所述充电接口(12)电连接的一条电池支线(13)。
8.根据权利要求1所述的充电站(10)，
其特征在于以下工厂配置：
-一个功率电子模块(11)，
-一个充电接口(12)，以及
-一方面与该功率电子模块(11)并且另一方面与该充电接口(12)电连接的两条电池支线(13)。
9.根据权利要求1所述的充电站(10)，
其特征在于以下工厂配置：
-两个功率电子模块(11)，
-一个充电接口(12)，以及
-一方面与所述功率电子模块(11)并且另一方面与该充电接口(12)电连接的两条电池支线(13)。
10.根据权利要求1所述的充电站(10)，
其特征在于以下工厂配置：
-两个功率电子模块(11)，
-两个充电接口(12)，以及
-一方面与所述功率电子模块(11)并且另一方面与所述充电接口(12)电连接的两条电池支线(13)。
CN201910672501.7A 2018-07-31 2019-07-24 电动汽车的充电站 Pending CN110854973A (zh)

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