CN110847879A - Method for simulating dissolution on top and side of underground salt layer - Google Patents
Method for simulating dissolution on top and side of underground salt layer Download PDFInfo
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- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 117
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 95
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 86
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 97
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 58
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000007922 dissolution test Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- -1 Baume degree Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000011978 dissolution method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 103
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- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 11
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002349 well water Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010442 halite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000020681 well water Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000007832 Na2SO4 Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009616 inductively coupled plasma Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/28—Dissolving minerals other than hydrocarbons, e.g. by an alkaline or acid leaching agent
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for simulating the upper dissolution and the side dissolution of an underground salt layer, which solves the problems that a dissolving cavity formed by well drilling water dissolution mining in the prior art cannot be directly observed and the shape and the extraction amount of the dissolving cavity cannot be accurately mastered by forming different water-soluble dissolving cavity forms under different technical parameter conditions by simulating rock salt geological structure forms and calculating the proportion of the extraction amount to the original storage amount, improves the mining rate of a rock salt layer, improves the utilization rate of the original salt mining and the service life of a brine well, and reduces the capital investment of the salt well mining.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of rock salt geological resources, and particularly relates to a method for simulating dissolution on an underground salt layer, and also relates to a method for simulating dissolution on the underground salt layer.
Background
The salt mine belongs to non-renewable resources, and the improvement of the mining rate of the salt mine becomes an important means for realizing the sustainable development of the country. Through the continuous research underground rock stratum exploitation condition, provide theoretical foundation for salt well exploitation operation, effectual improvement ore deposit exploitation rate reduces the wasting of resources, simultaneously, increases salt well output, improves the investment return of enterprise greatly.
At present, the mining area in China generally adopts a vertical well-horizontal well-to-well water soluble mining mode. In the long-time operation process of a well group, a dissolution cavity is continuously changed along with the increase of the output of halogen salt, in the production process, after the water injection operation modes of a vertical well and a horizontal well are switched, the change of the dissolution cavity in the exploitation process of an underground rock stratum cannot be changed along with the theoretical trend, the dissolution cavity formed by well drilling and water dissolution exploitation is located several kilometers underground, the dissolution condition of a salt layer, the shape of the dissolution cavity, the structure of the salt layer and the like cannot be directly observed, generally, only relevant theories can be used for conjecture, and the shape of the dissolution cavity and the exploitation amount cannot be accurately mastered.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for simulating the dissolution of an underground salt layer, which solves the problems that a dissolution cavity formed by well drilling solution mining in the prior art cannot be directly observed, and the shape and the extraction amount of the dissolution cavity cannot be accurately mastered.
The invention also aims to provide a method for simulating the lateral dissolution of the underground salt layer.
The invention adopts a technical scheme that: the method for simulating the dissolution of the underground salt layer is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, selecting a salt core of a exploratory well as a test sample, and grouping;
step 2, cutting a flat top and a bottom surface of the selected test sample, marking the top and the bottom surface, and cutting off the side surface;
step 3, coating paraffin on the top and bottom surfaces of the test sample processed in the step 2, sealing, reserving exposed surfaces on the cut flat side surfaces as corrosion testing surfaces, and connecting the top ends of the test sample with hooks;
step 4, suspending the side dissolution test sample prepared in the step 3 and having the same specification in a measuring cylinder with a preset volume, soaking an erosion test surface in still water, observing at regular time, wherein the erosion speed is high when the soaking starts, observing for 1 time every 10-15 min, the erosion speed is reduced along with the increase of the solution concentration, observing for 1 time every 0.5-1h, carrying out average footage of dissolution and erosion of the sample erosion surface through water, and calculating the erosion speed, wherein the unit is mm/h;
step 5, measuring the concentration of the brine, namely Baume degree, and measuring the temperature and the mass density of the brine, namely the specific gravity and the side dissolution angle of the sample, namely the dissolution repose angle formed at the lower part of the ore sample in the sample dissolution process so as to determine the ore side dissolution and erosion speeds under different brine concentrations;
step 6, observing that the brine concentration reaches 24 degrees Be' (namely saturation), wherein the concentrations of the upper layer and the lower layer of the brine reach consistency;
step 7, calculating the side dissolution amount of the sample in the height of the test surface according to the average grade of the sample, wherein the side dissolution amount of rock salt is about 1/2 and is about 3/8 of the volume of the whole sample, and the required estimated dissolved water amount is needed when brine reaches a saturated state so as to ensure that the concentration of the solution is saturated when the sample reaches an ideal corrosion state, and the calculation formula is as follows as the basis for selecting the specification of a dissolving tank:
wherein V is the predicted dissolved water amount and the unit is ml; k is a coefficient calculated by estimating the amount of dissolved water, K is 1.1 (1.1 is usually adopted); upsilon is the estimated ore dissolved volume in cm3(ii) a D is the volume mass of the ore, and the unit of the weight is g/cm3(ii) a c is the average grade of the sample, expressed in percent; k is the salt content per thousand ml of saturated brine in g/L.
The present invention is also characterized in that,
the diameter of the core as a test sample in the step 1 is not less than 100mm, and the length is not less than 400 mm; the number of each group of test samples in the step 1 is not less than two.
Before the step 2, the temperature of room temperature and the water temperature of the dissolving tank are measured, the test is carried out under the conditions of normal temperature and normal pressure, the temperature of the laboratory is 10-25 ℃, and the temperature of the water in the dissolving tank is 20-60 ℃.
The other technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the method for simulating the dissolution of the underground salt layer is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, selecting a salt core of a exploratory well as a test sample, and grouping;
step 2, cutting a flat top and a bottom surface of the selected test sample, marking the top and the bottom surface, and cutting off the side surface;
step 3, connecting the top end of the test sample processed in the step 2 with a hook;
step 4, suspending the upwelling sample prepared in the step 3 in dissolving water with a preset volume according to a uniform height, soaking and statically dissolving, observing the average erosion depth on an erosion surface every 0.25-1 h to obtain an erosion footage, calculating the upwelling erosion speed with the unit of mm/h, and weighing the mass of the sample;
step 5, calculating the amount of ore dissolved per hour on unit area, namely the upward dissolution speed, and the unit is g/cm2H, and simultaneously observing the concentration of the solution, namely the baume degree, the temperature and the mass density, namely the specific gravity, so as to determine the dissolution corrosion speed and the dissolution speed on the ore under different brine concentrations and temperatures until the brine concentration reaches 24 degrees Be', namely saturation.
The present invention is also characterized in that,
in the step 2, the diameter of the core of the sample used as the test sample in the step 1 is not less than 100mm, and the length of the core is not less than 400 mm; the number of each group of test samples in the step 1 is not less than two so as to be mutually verified.
Before the step 2, the temperature of room temperature and the water temperature of the dissolving tank are measured, the test is carried out under the conditions of normal temperature and normal pressure, the temperature of the laboratory is 10-25 ℃, and the temperature of the water in the dissolving tank is 20-60 ℃.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method for simulating the upward dissolution and the lateral dissolution of the underground salt layer is characterized in that a similar design is carried out through a laboratory physical model experiment simulation method on the basis of simplifying experiment conditions and reducing the field size, the field construction process is directly simulated, and the experiment result and the phenomenon are observed and recorded; the method has the advantages that the detailed simulation is carried out aiming at specific parameters, a theoretical model is established on the basis of experiments, the field construction process is indirectly simulated through a numerical method, the field construction condition can be more accurately simulated, the obtained experimental phenomenon and result are more in line with the actual engineering condition, the development cost is low, the measurement precision is high, the research result has more general guiding significance, the operation is simple and convenient, the operation and the control are easy, and the manufacturing cost is low.
Detailed Description
According to the method for simulating the upper dissolution and the side dissolution of the underground salt deposit, the physical model is accurately measured, the method of similar simulation is adopted, the original salt is used for simulating the rock salt deposit at the bottom of the well, the well group operation simulation experiment is carried out, and the environment for simulating the well group operation is established by the original salt; in the experiment, the morphological change of the simulated salt layer is observed, and the basic theory and the scale correction are matched, so that the research of the simulated underground salt is more consistent with the actual condition, and the field experiment operation is more accurately guided.
The invention relates to a method for simulating the lateral dissolution of an underground salt layer, which is implemented according to the following steps:
step 1, selecting a salt core of a exploratory well as a test sample, and grouping;
the diameter of the core as a test sample in the step 1 is not less than 100mm, and the length is not less than 400 mm;
the number of each group of test samples in the step 1 is not less than two so as to be mutually verified;
step 2, cutting a flat top and a bottom surface of the selected test sample, marking the top and the bottom surface, and cutting off the side surface;
before the step 2, measuring the water temperature of the room temperature and the dissolving tank, and performing the test under the conditions of normal temperature and normal pressure, wherein the temperature of the laboratory is 10-25 ℃, and the water temperature of the dissolving tank is 20-60 ℃;
step 3, coating paraffin on the top and bottom surfaces of the test sample processed in the step 2, sealing, reserving exposed surfaces on the cut flat side surfaces as corrosion testing surfaces, and connecting the top ends of the test sample with hooks;
step 4, suspending the side dissolving sample prepared in the step 3 and with the consistent specification in a measuring cylinder with a preset volume, soaking an erosion test surface in a still water state, observing at regular time, wherein the erosion speed is high when the soaking is started, and observing for 1 time every 10-15 min; the erosion speed is reduced along with the increase of the concentration of the solution, the observation can be carried out for 1 time every 0.5 to 1 hour, the average footage of the erosion surface of the sample by the dissolution of water is carried out, and the erosion speed is calculated, and the unit is mm/h;
step 5, measuring the concentration of the brine, namely Baume degree, and measuring the temperature and the mass density of the brine, namely the specific gravity and the side dissolution angle of the sample, namely the dissolution repose angle formed at the lower part of the ore sample in the sample dissolution process so as to determine the ore side dissolution and erosion speed under different brine concentrations,
and 6, observing that the brine concentration reaches 24-degree Be' (namely saturation), wherein the concentrations of the upper layer and the lower layer of the brine are consistent.
Step 7, calculating the side dissolution amount of the sample in the height of the test surface according to the average grade of the sample, wherein the side dissolution amount of rock salt is about 1/2 and is about 3/8 of the volume of the whole sample, and the required estimated dissolved water amount is needed when brine reaches a saturated state so as to ensure that the concentration of the solution is saturated when the sample reaches an ideal corrosion state, and the calculation formula is as follows as the basis for selecting the specification of a dissolving tank:
wherein V is the predicted dissolved water amount and the unit is ml; k is a coefficient calculated by estimating the amount of dissolved water, K is 1.1 (1.1 is usually adopted); upsilon is the estimated ore dissolved volume in cm3(ii) a D is the volume mass of the ore, and the unit of the weight is g/cm3(ii) a c is the average grade of the sample, expressed in percent; k is the salt content per thousand ml of saturated brine in g/L.
The invention relates to a method for simulating the dissolution of an underground salt layer, which is implemented according to the following steps:
step 1, selecting salt cores of exploratory wells as test samples and grouping the samples.
The diameter of the core as a test sample in the step 1 is not less than 100mm, and the length is not less than 400 mm;
the number of each group of test samples in the step 1 is not less than two so as to be mutually verified.
Step 2, cutting a flat top and a bottom surface of the selected test sample, marking the top and the bottom surface, and cutting off the side surface;
before the step 2, the temperature of room temperature and the water temperature of the dissolving tank are measured, the test is carried out under the conditions of normal temperature and normal pressure, the temperature of the laboratory is 10-25 ℃, and the temperature of the water in the dissolving tank is 20-60 ℃.
Step 3, connecting the top end of the test sample processed in the step 2 with a hook;
and 4, suspending the upwelling sample prepared in the step 3 in dissolving water with a preset volume according to a uniform height, soaking and statically dissolving, observing the average erosion depth on an erosion surface every 0.25-1 h to obtain an erosion footage, calculating the upwelling erosion speed with the unit of mm/h, and weighing the mass of the sample.
Step 5, calculating the amount of ore dissolved per hour on unit area, namely the upward dissolution speed, and the unit is g/cm2H, and simultaneously observing the concentration of the solution, namely the baume degree, the temperature and the mass density, namely the specific gravity, so as to determine the dissolution corrosion speed and the dissolution speed on the ore under different brine concentrations and temperatures until the brine concentration reaches 24 degrees Be', namely saturation.
The invention uses the crude salt to simulate the rock salt deposit at the bottom of the well and carries out the well group operation simulation experiment. The density of rock salt is obtained through experiments, the mined volume of the rock salt ore bed is calculated, and the change rule of the dissolving cavity in the well water solution mining process in the well ore salt mining is obtained according to the change rule of the simulated salt bed form in the experiments. And combining the mined volumes of the ore layers of the well groups to simulate the actual mining condition of the underground rock layers of the well groups.
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following embodiments.
According to DZ/T0212-2002 geological exploration specifications for salt lakes and salt mineral products, salt cores of 5 polyamide exploration wells and 8 polyamide exploration wells are selected as test samples, and the test samples have representative water-solubility.
The side dissolution test and the dissolution test are carried out in a laboratory under the conditions of normal temperature and normal pressure, and the side dissolution test and the dissolution test are carried out on the test samples selected in the three examples, and brine swelling rate, brine components with different baume degrees, residue measurement, residue particle settling velocity and saturated brine are analyzed.
The apparatus used for the test comprises: an electronic balance, a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer, an inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer, a burette, an electric heating constant temperature drying box, a scope, A1 polarizing microscope microcomputer, an electro-hydraulic servo universal testing machine and a stone grinding machine.
Example 1
The method for simulating the lateral dissolution of the underground salt layer is implemented according to the following steps:
step 1, selecting 2 groups of Jinyin No. 5-well No. 8 rock salt ore beds, numbering 58-1, and sampling 22cm long in 58-2;
step 2, cutting a flat top and a bottom surface of the selected test sample, marking the top and the bottom surface, and cutting off the side surface;
before the step 2, the water temperature of the room temperature and the water temperature of the dissolving tank are measured, the test is carried out under the conditions of normal temperature and normal pressure, the temperature of the laboratory is 10 ℃, and the water temperature of the dissolving tank is 20 ℃.
Step 3, coating paraffin on the top and bottom surfaces of the test sample processed in the step 2, sealing, reserving a bare surface of 7cm × l5cm on the cut flat side surface as a corrosion test surface, namely, the upper part of the cut flat side surface of the test sample is 3cm, the lower part of the cut flat side surface of the test sample is 2cm, and then connecting a hook with the top end of the test sample;
step 4, suspending the side dissolving test sample prepared in the step 3 and with the consistent specification in a measuring cylinder with a preset volume, soaking an erosion test surface in a still water state, observing at regular time, wherein the erosion speed is high when the soaking is started, and observing for 1 time every 10 min; the erosion speed is reduced along with the increase of the concentration of the solution, the observation can be carried out for 1 time every 0.5h, the average footage of the dissolution erosion of the sample erosion surface by water is used, and the erosion speed is calculated, and the unit is mm/h;
step 5, measuring the concentration of the brine, namely Baume degree, and measuring the temperature and the mass density of the brine, namely the specific gravity and the side dissolution angle of the sample, namely the dissolution repose angle formed at the lower part of the ore sample in the sample dissolution process so as to determine the ore side dissolution and erosion speed under different brine concentrations,
and 6, observing that the brine concentration reaches 24-degree Be' (namely saturation), wherein the concentrations of the upper layer and the lower layer of the brine are consistent.
Step 7, calculating the side dissolution amount of the sample in the height of the test surface according to the average grade of the sample, wherein the side dissolution amount of rock salt is about 1/2 and is about 3/8 of the volume of the whole sample, and the required estimated dissolved water amount is needed when brine reaches a saturated state so as to ensure that the concentration of the solution is saturated when the sample reaches an ideal corrosion state, and the calculation formula is as follows as the basis for selecting the specification of a dissolving tank:
wherein V is the predicted dissolved water amount and the unit is ml; k is a coefficient calculated by estimating the amount of dissolved water, K is 1.1 (1.1 is usually adopted); upsilon is the estimated ore dissolved volume in cm3(ii) a D is the volume mass of the ore, and the unit of (weight) is g/cm 3; c is the average grade of the sample, expressed in percent; k is the salt content per thousand ml of saturated brine in g/L.
The simulation method for dissolving the underground salt deposit is implemented according to the following steps:
step 1, selecting 2 groups of Jinyin No. 5-well No. 8 rock salt ore beds, numbering 58-1, and sampling 22cm long in 58-2;
step 2, cutting a flat top and a bottom surface of the selected test sample, marking the top and the bottom surface, and cutting off the side surface;
before the step 2, the water temperature of the room temperature and the water temperature of the dissolving tank are measured, the test is carried out under the conditions of normal temperature and normal pressure, the temperature of the laboratory is 10 ℃, and the water temperature of the dissolving tank is 20 ℃.
Step 3, connecting the top end of the test sample processed in the step 2 with a hook;
and 4, suspending the dissolved sample prepared in the step 3 in dissolved water with a preset volume according to a uniform height, soaking and statically dissolving, observing the average corrosion depth on the corrosion surface every 0.25h to obtain a corrosion footage, calculating the dissolution and corrosion speed with the unit of mm/h, and weighing the mass of the sample.
And 5, calculating the amount of the ore dissolved per hour in unit area, namely the upper dissolution speed, with the unit of g/cm2 & h, and observing the concentration of the solution, namely the baume degree, the temperature and the mass density, namely the specific gravity so as to determine the dissolution and erosion speeds and the dissolution speeds of the ore under different brine concentrations and temperatures until the brine concentration reaches 24-degree Be', namely saturation, is always observed.
Example 2
The method for simulating the lateral dissolution of the underground salt layer is implemented according to the following steps:
step 1, selecting 2 groups of Jinyin 8-well No. 8 rock salt ore beds, wherein the serial numbers are 88-1 and 88-2 respectively, and the sample length is 26 cm;
step 2, cutting a flat top and a bottom surface of the selected test sample, marking the top and the bottom surface, and cutting off the side surface;
before the step 2, the water temperature of the room temperature and the water temperature of the dissolving tank are measured, the test is carried out under the conditions of normal temperature and normal pressure, the temperature of the laboratory is 20 ℃, and the water temperature of the dissolving tank is 40 ℃.
Step 3, coating paraffin on the top and bottom surfaces of the test sample processed in the step 2, sealing, reserving an exposed surface of 8cm multiplied by l8cm on the cut flat side surface as a corrosion test surface, namely, the upper part of the cut flat side surface of the test sample is 4cm, the lower part of the cut flat side surface of the test sample is 3cm, and then connecting the top end of the test sample with a hook;
step 4, suspending the side dissolving test sample prepared in the step 3 and with the consistent specification in a measuring cylinder with a preset volume, soaking an erosion test surface in a still water state, observing at regular time, wherein the erosion speed is high when the soaking is started, and observing for 1 time every 12 min; as the concentration of the solution increases, the erosion rate decreases, and the observation can be carried out for 1 time every 0.7 h. Calculating the erosion speed with the unit of mm/h by the average footage of the dissolution erosion of the sample erosion surface by water;
step 5, measuring the concentration of the brine, namely Baume degree, and measuring the temperature and the mass density of the brine, namely the specific gravity and the side dissolution angle of the sample, namely the dissolution repose angle formed at the lower part of the ore sample in the sample dissolution process so as to determine the ore side dissolution and erosion speed under different brine concentrations,
and 6, observing that the brine concentration reaches 24-degree Be' (namely saturation), wherein the concentrations of the upper layer and the lower layer of the brine are consistent.
Step 7, calculating the side dissolution amount of the sample in the height of the test surface according to the average grade of the sample, wherein the side dissolution amount of rock salt is about 1/2 and is about 3/8 of the volume of the whole sample, and the required estimated dissolved water amount is needed when brine reaches a saturated state so as to ensure that the concentration of the solution is saturated when the sample reaches an ideal corrosion state, and the calculation formula is as follows as the basis for selecting the specification of a dissolving tank:
wherein V is the predicted dissolved water amount and the unit is ml; k is a coefficient calculated by estimating the amount of dissolved water, K is 1.1 (1.1 is usually adopted); v is the estimated ore dissolution volume in cm3(ii) a D is the volume mass of the ore, and the unit of the weight is g/cm3(ii) a c is the average grade of the sample, expressed in percent; k is the salt content per thousand ml of saturated brine in g/L.
The simulation method for dissolving the underground salt deposit is implemented according to the following steps:
step 1, selecting 2 groups of Jinyin 8-well No. 8 rock salt ore beds, wherein the serial numbers are 88-1 and 88-2 respectively, and the sample length is 26 cm;
step 2, cutting a flat top and a bottom surface of the selected test sample, marking the top and the bottom surface, and cutting off the side surface;
before the step 2, the water temperature of the room temperature and the water temperature of the dissolving tank are measured, the test is carried out under the conditions of normal temperature and normal pressure, the temperature of the laboratory is 20 ℃, and the water temperature of the dissolving tank is 40 ℃.
Step 3, connecting the top end of the test sample processed in the step 2 with a hook;
and 4, suspending the dissolved sample prepared in the step 3 in dissolved water with a preset volume according to a uniform height, soaking and statically dissolving, observing the average corrosion depth on the corrosion surface every 0.4h to obtain a corrosion footage, calculating the dissolution and corrosion speed with the unit of mm/h, and weighing the mass of the sample.
Step 5, calculating the amount of ore dissolved per hour on unit area, namely the upward dissolution speed, and the unit is g/cm2H, and simultaneously observing the concentration of the solution, namely the baume degree, the temperature and the mass density, namely the specific gravity, so as to determine the dissolution corrosion speed and the dissolution speed on the ore under different brine concentrations and temperatures until the brine concentration reaches 24 degrees Be', namely saturation.
Example 3
The method for simulating the lateral dissolution of the underground salt layer is implemented according to the following steps:
step 1, selecting 2 groups of Jinyin 8-well No. 10 rock salt ore beds, numbering 810-1 and 810-2 respectively, and sampling length of 28 cm;
step 2, cutting a flat top and a bottom surface of the selected test sample, marking the top and the bottom surface, and cutting off the side surface;
before the step 2, the water temperature of the room temperature and the water temperature of the dissolving tank are measured, the test is carried out under the conditions of normal temperature and normal pressure, the temperature of the laboratory is 25 ℃, and the water temperature of the dissolving tank is 60 ℃.
Step 3, coating paraffin on the top and bottom surfaces of the test sample processed in the step 2, sealing, reserving exposed surfaces of 9cm multiplied by 20cm on the cut flat side surfaces as corrosion test surfaces, namely, the upper part of the cut flat side surfaces of the test sample is 5cm, the lower part of the cut flat side surfaces of the test sample is 6cm, and then connecting the top ends of the test sample with a hook;
step 4, suspending the side dissolving test sample prepared in the step 3 and with the consistent specification in a measuring cylinder with a preset volume, soaking an erosion test surface in a still water state, observing at regular time, wherein the erosion speed is high when the soaking is started, and observing for 1 time every 15 min; as the concentration of the solution increases, the erosion rate decreases, and the observation can be performed 1 time every 1 h. Calculating the erosion speed with the unit of mm/h by the average footage of the dissolution erosion of the sample erosion surface by water;
step 5, measuring the concentration of the brine, namely Baume degree, and measuring the temperature and the mass density of the brine, namely the specific gravity and the side dissolution angle of the sample, namely the dissolution repose angle formed at the lower part of the ore sample in the sample dissolution process so as to determine the ore side dissolution and erosion speed under different brine concentrations,
and 6, observing that the brine concentration reaches 24-degree Be' (namely saturation), wherein the concentrations of the upper layer and the lower layer of the brine are consistent.
Step 7, calculating the side dissolution amount of the sample in the height of the test surface according to the average grade of the sample, wherein the side dissolution amount of rock salt is about 1/2 and is about 3/8 of the volume of the whole sample, and the required estimated dissolved water amount is needed when brine reaches a saturated state so as to ensure that the concentration of the solution is saturated when the sample reaches an ideal corrosion state, and the calculation formula is as follows as the basis for selecting the specification of a dissolving tank:
wherein V is the predicted dissolved water amount and the unit is ml; k is a coefficient calculated by estimating the amount of dissolved water, K is 1.1 (1.1 is usually adopted); v is the estimated ore dissolution volume in cm3(ii) a D is the volume mass of the ore, and the unit of the weight is g/cm3(ii) a c is the average grade of the sample, expressed in percent; k is the salt content per thousand ml of saturated brine in g/L.
The simulation method for dissolving the underground salt deposit is implemented according to the following steps:
step 1, selecting 2 groups of Jinyin 8-well No. 10 rock salt ore beds, numbering 810-1 and 810-2 respectively, and sampling length of 28 cm;
step 2, cutting a flat top and a bottom surface of the selected test sample, marking the top and the bottom surface, and cutting off the side surface;
before the step 2, the water temperature of the room temperature and the water temperature of the dissolving tank are measured, the test is carried out under the conditions of normal temperature and normal pressure, the temperature of the laboratory is 25 ℃, and the water temperature of the dissolving tank is 60 ℃.
Step 3, connecting the top end of the test sample processed in the step 2 with a hook;
and 4, suspending the upwelling sample prepared in the step 3 in dissolving water with a preset volume according to a uniform height, soaking and statically dissolving, observing the average erosion depth on the erosion surface every 1h to obtain an erosion footage, calculating the upper erosion speed with the unit of mm/h, and weighing the mass of the sample.
Step 5, calculating the amount of ore dissolved per hour on unit area, namely the upward dissolution speed, and the unit is g/cm2H, and simultaneously observing the concentration of the solution, namely the baume degree, the temperature and the mass density, namely the specific gravity, so as to determine the dissolution corrosion speed and the dissolution speed on the ore under different brine concentrations and temperatures until the brine concentration reaches 24 degrees Be', namely saturation.
The statistical data of the lateral dissolution and upward dissolution tests of different lateral dissolution angles were calculated according to the above 3 examples, and are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 statistical table of lateral melting and upward melting tests of different lateral melting angles
According to the side dissolution test result data in the table 1, it can Be seen that, as the brine concentration increases (5-24 ° Be'), the overall trend of the side dissolution rate decreases (12.4-1.1 mm/h), and when the brine concentration reaches 10 °, the side dissolution rate decreases faster; along with the increase of brine concentration (5-24 DEG Be'), the side dissolution angle is gradually increased (10.1-25.1 DEG). Therefore, after the salt well is put into use, the lower the concentration of the light brine injected into the well, the lower the concentration of the brine in the side dissolution cavity, the higher the side dissolution corrosion speed, the smaller the side dissolution angle, and the higher the mining rate of the halite ore, thereby ensuring that the underground halite ore can be fully developed and utilized.
Along with the increase of brine concentration (5-24 degrees Be'), the upper dissolution rate is gradually reduced (11.2-1.0 mm/h); the dissolution rate of the upper solution is gradually reduced (2.8-0.20 g/cm 2. h).
Compared with a side dissolution test, along with the increase of brine concentration (5-24 DEG Be'), the side dissolution and corrosion speed is reduced by 11.3mm/h, the upper dissolution and corrosion speed is reduced by 10.2mm/h, and the side dissolution and corrosion speed is reduced more rapidly. Therefore, the shape of the cavity can be controlled to a certain extent by adopting a method for adjusting the brine concentration.
The brine expansion rate of the samples in the examples is measured, and the increase and change of the brine expansion rate are obtained according to the test data result. Obviously, the brine expansion rate is gradually increased (1.48-12.20%) along with the increase of the brine concentration (5-24 DEG Be'). The brine expansion rate is used as one of indexes for calculating the fresh water consumption in the water recovery process.
The brine with different baume degrees is analyzed, and under the condition of normal temperature and normal pressure in a laboratory, the NaCl content is gradually increased (52.29-312.70 g/L) along with the increase of the brine concentration (5-24 DEG Be'), and Na2SO4And other contents are gradually increased (0.58-3.27 g/L), and the specific gravity of the brine is gradually increased (1.036-1.20). The brine level temperature was maintained at 20 ℃. Thus, the major soluble compound in this region of the halite ore is NaCl, followed by Na2SO4Na in brine2SO4The maximum content is 3.27 g/L.
Through the measurement and analysis of residues in the embodiment, the weight of the residual residues is 1.28-2.27 g/cm3 after the stone salt is dissolved through sampling measurement; the expansion rate is 1.23-3.92%, and is far less than 1, so that the rocky salt ore bed in the region is completely suitable for mining by a well drilling water-soluble method; the NaCl contained in the residue is 9.21-22.15%; the residue particles with the particle size of less than 0.1mm and 0.1-2 mm are distributed uniformly in the particle size fraction of 2-10 mm, but the residue particles with the particle size of less than 0.1mm and 0.1-2 mm are mainly used, and account for about 54-85.35%.
According to the detection result data of the sedimentation velocity of the residue particles, it can be seen that in brine with the same concentration, the larger the size fraction is, the faster the sedimentation velocity is, the sedimentation velocity of particles with the size fraction smaller than or equal to 2mm in the residue is obviously slower (5.4-10.6 cm/s), and the size fraction smaller than or equal to 2mm accounts for about 54-85.35%, so that most of the residue particles are easily carried out by the brine, and the underground brine storage space can be enlarged in the production stage; for the same-size-fraction particles, the sedimentation velocity gradually slows down as the brine concentration increases, indicating that when the brine concentration in the well is higher, part of coarser particles can also be discharged out of the well along with the brine.
According to the data of the analysis and detection results of the saturated brine of the No. 5 polyamide probe well and the No. 8 polyamide probe well, Cl is contained in the saturated brine－The content of Na is 198.49-209.55 g/L+The content of SO is 128.58-136.27 g/L4 2Ca in an amount of 4.54 to 8.21g/L2+The content is 2.40-7.31 g/L, and the content of other components is very small.
In conclusion, the expansion rate of the stone salt water insoluble residue in the region is low (1.23-3.92%), and the water insoluble residue particles are mainly particles with the size fraction of less than or equal to 2 mm.
From the experimental results of the above examples, it follows that the shape of the lumen changes in three stages:
in the first stage, water is injected into the well A, when brine is discharged from the well B, the dissolution effect expands outwards from the outer side of the well A in a concentric circle shape, the dissolution speed gradually slows down from the well A to the well B along with the gradual increase of the solution concentration, the diameter of a karst cave gradually becomes smaller, and the karst cave shape is in a horn shape with the large well A and the small well B.
And in the second stage, the injection and production wells are adjusted to be water injection in the well B, when brine is produced from the well A, the dissolving action is outwards performed from the outer side of the well B in a concentric circle shape, and the karst cave is in a horn shape with the large well B and the small well A in a reversed inverted and overlapped shape.
And in the third stage, the injection and production wells are timely adjusted, the dissolving action is outwards expanded from two inverted and superposed horn-shaped channels, and when a certain dissolving and production diameter is controlled, the karst cave is gradually developed into a long-groove-shaped karst cave with two semi-cylinders at two ends and a rectangular cylinder at the middle part.
Experiments show that the upward dissolution speed is obviously higher than the side dissolution speed, and when the salt well is designed, in order to improve the exploitation amount, a horizontal section channel needs to be controlled at the lower part of a salt layer.
The test is a static solution test, the operation mode of the salt well is adjusted according to the research result, the recovery rate is different after the salt well forms different side solution angles, the recovery rate is improved by 1 percent, the service life of the salt well is prolonged by 0.4 year, 5 million tons of original salt can be extracted from each pair of salt wells, and huge technical and economic benefits are generated: the test does not judge whether the O2m59 rock stratum collapses or not, and in the later stage of salt well exploitation, if the O2m59 rock stratum cannot collapse, the operation pressure and flow of the salt well are constantly concerned, so that the crystallization blockage and pipeline leakage of the injection well and the bittern-returning pipeline are prevented.
By utilizing the invention, the shape of the cavity can be visually seen by simulating the geological structure form of rock salt. Through the adjustment of different parameters, the formed shape of the dissolving cavity, the produced amount and the original reserve amount are different, the proportion of the produced amount and the original reserve amount is accurately calculated, and the utilization rate of the original salt exploitation and the service life of the brine well can be effectively improved.
The method simulates the form of a rock salt deposit at the bottom of the well, calculates the cumulative water injection salt breaking according to the water injection amount and the water injection concentration of each well group, calculates the cumulative brine-returning salt breaking according to the brine-returning amount and the brine-returning concentration, calculates the brine-breaking salt yield of each pair of well groups after subtracting the cumulative water injection salt breaking, and calculates the yield of the vertical well water injection operation and the horizontal well water injection operation by combining with the well group operation files. Meanwhile, the shape of the cavity is visually seen by simulating the geological structure form of rock salt. Through the adjustment of different parameters, the formed shape of the dissolving cavity, the produced amount and the original reserve amount are different, the proportion of the produced amount and the original reserve amount is accurately calculated, and the utilization rate of the original salt exploitation and the service life of the brine well can be effectively improved.
Claims (6)
1. The method for simulating the dissolution of the underground salt layer is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, selecting a salt core of a exploratory well as a test sample, and grouping;
step 2, cutting a flat top and a bottom surface of the selected test sample, marking the top and the bottom surface, and cutting off the side surface;
step 3, coating paraffin on the top and bottom surfaces of the test sample processed in the step 2, sealing, reserving exposed surfaces on the cut flat side surfaces as corrosion testing surfaces, and connecting the top ends of the test sample with hooks;
step 4, suspending the side dissolution test sample prepared in the step 3 and having the same specification in a measuring cylinder with a preset volume, soaking an erosion test surface in still water, observing at regular time, wherein the erosion speed is high when the soaking starts, observing for 1 time every 10-15 min, the erosion speed is reduced along with the increase of the solution concentration, observing for 1 time every 0.5-1h, carrying out average footage of dissolution and erosion of the sample erosion surface through water, and calculating the erosion speed, wherein the unit is mm/h;
step 5, measuring the concentration of the brine, namely Baume degree, and measuring the temperature and the mass density of the brine, namely the specific gravity and the side dissolution angle of the sample, namely the dissolution repose angle formed at the lower part of the ore sample in the sample dissolution process so as to determine the ore side dissolution and erosion speeds under different brine concentrations;
step 6, observing that the brine concentration reaches 24 degrees Be' (namely saturation), wherein the concentrations of the upper layer and the lower layer of the brine reach consistency;
step 7, calculating the side dissolution amount of the sample in the height of the test surface according to the average grade of the sample, wherein the side dissolution amount of rock salt is about 1/2 and is about 3/8 of the volume of the whole sample, and the required estimated dissolved water amount is needed when brine reaches a saturated state so as to ensure that the concentration of the solution is saturated when the sample reaches an ideal corrosion state, and the calculation formula is as follows as the basis for selecting the specification of a dissolving tank:
wherein V is the predicted dissolved water amount and the unit is ml; k is a coefficient calculated by estimating the amount of dissolved water, K is 1.1 (1.1 is usually adopted); upsilon is the estimated ore dissolved volume in cm3(ii) a D is the volume mass of the ore, and the unit of the weight is g/cm3(ii) a c is the average grade of the sample, expressed in percent; k is the salt content per thousand ml of saturated brine in g/L.
2. The simulated underground salt layer lateral dissolution method according to claim 1, characterized in that the core diameter of the sample used as the test sample in the step 1 is not less than 100mm, and the length is not less than 400 mm; the number of each group of test samples in the step 1 is not less than two.
3. The method for simulating lateral dissolution of an underground salt layer according to claim 2, wherein the room temperature and the temperature of the dissolution tank are measured before the step 2, and the test is performed under normal temperature and normal pressure conditions, wherein the laboratory temperature is 10 ℃ to 25 ℃ and the temperature of the dissolution tank is 20 ℃ to 60 ℃.
4. The method for simulating the dissolution of the underground salt layer is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, selecting a salt core of a exploratory well as a test sample, and grouping;
step 2, cutting a flat top and a bottom surface of the selected test sample, marking the top and the bottom surface, and cutting off the side surface;
step 3, connecting the top end of the test sample processed in the step 2 with a hook;
step 4, suspending the upwelling sample prepared in the step 3 in dissolving water with a preset volume according to a uniform height, soaking and statically dissolving, observing the average erosion depth on an erosion surface every 0.25-1 h to obtain an erosion footage, calculating the upwelling erosion speed with the unit of mm/h, and weighing the mass of the sample;
step 5, calculating the amount of ore dissolved per hour on unit area, namely the upward dissolution speed, and the unit is g/cm2H, and simultaneously observing the concentration of the solution, namely the baume degree, the temperature and the mass density, namely the specific gravity, so as to determine the dissolution corrosion speed and the dissolution speed on the ore under different brine concentrations and temperatures until the brine concentration reaches 24 degrees Be', namely saturation.
5. The method for simulating the dissolution of the underground salt deposit on the stratum according to claim 4, wherein the core of the test sample in the step 1 in the step 2 has the diameter of not less than 100mm and the length of not less than 400 mm; the number of each group of test samples in the step 1 is not less than two so as to be mutually verified.
6. The method for simulating the dissolution of an underground salt layer according to claim 4, wherein the room temperature and the temperature of the dissolving tank are measured before the step 2, the test is carried out under normal temperature and normal pressure, the laboratory temperature is 10-25 ℃, and the temperature of the dissolving tank is 20-60 ℃.
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| US4462713A (en) * | 1982-06-01 | 1984-07-31 | Zurcher Allen K | Method for mining and reclaiming land |
| CN101881151A (en) * | 2010-07-02 | 2010-11-10 | 太原理工大学 | Rapid solution construction method for rock salt cavity |
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