CN110847415A - Building enclosure wall capable of playing energy-saving role all year round - Google Patents
Building enclosure wall capable of playing energy-saving role all year round Download PDFInfo
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- CN110847415A CN110847415A CN201911059889.XA CN201911059889A CN110847415A CN 110847415 A CN110847415 A CN 110847415A CN 201911059889 A CN201911059889 A CN 201911059889A CN 110847415 A CN110847415 A CN 110847415A
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
- E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Building Environments (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a phase-change enclosure wall capable of playing an energy-saving role all year round, which comprises the following wall structures from outside to inside: the external decorative layer, basic unit's wall body, interface mortar layer, heat preservation, first phase transition mortar layer, second phase transition mortar layer, third phase transition mortar layer, plastering layer and interior finish. The heat-insulating layer, the first phase change mortar layer, the second phase change mortar layer and the third phase change mortar layer are combined together to form the inner heat-insulating structure. The invention can effectively improve the indoor thermal comfort, reduce the annual energy consumption of the building, reduce the power supply pressure during peak power utilization and play a role in shifting peaks and filling valleys.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field related to passive energy-saving building equipment, and particularly relates to a building enclosure wall body containing three phase-change mortar layers and capable of saving energy all the year around.
Background
The building energy consumption accounts for 40% of the global energy consumption, and the building energy consumption is still increasing along with the continuous development of the society. The International Energy Agency (IEA) predicts that, at the present rate of growth, the energy demand in the construction industry will rise to 160EJ in 2060, at which time it will place tremendous pressure on the primary energy supply. Therefore, governments of various countries have great importance in view of building energy conservation. At present, the commonly adopted building energy-saving measures include the following measures: wall heat preservation and insulation technology, door and window energy-saving technology, roof energy-saving technology and the like. Wherein, the wall body heat preservation and insulation technology is widely applied due to good energy-saving effect and simple construction. The light building enclosure is a wall energy-saving technology widely used, but the heat capacity of common light materials is small, and the indoor temperature fluctuation cannot be effectively prevented.
Phase change materials have the advantages of large latent heat, high heat capacity and the like, and are increasingly commonly used in buildings in recent years. The phase change material is applied to building envelope structures and building service equipment, so that the energy storage capacity of the envelope structures can be improved, the indoor thermal comfort can be improved, and the method is a method for reasonably utilizing renewable energy and non-renewable energy.
The patent with the application number of 201811016240.5 describes an assembled combined energy-saving wall body with replaceable phase-change materials and a manufacturing and installing method, the method fixes an energy-saving wall board containing the phase-change materials on the surface of a bearing component of a building structure by adopting a splicing method, and the effect that the phase-change materials can be replaced without disassembling the wall body can be achieved, but the method is complicated in construction and is not easy to operate.
The patent with the application number of 201710756579.8 describes an energy storage building wall structure containing double-layer phase change material plates, and the method has the advantages of wide application range and good heat preservation and insulation effects, but the phase change enclosure structure is poor in heat transfer and heat storage performance, and the phase change material plates need to be bonded into the aluminum veneer cavity through structural adhesive, so that the process is complex.
As described above, in the prior art, a single phase change material is mostly combined with a building envelope, so that the energy-saving and temperature-regulating functions can be remarkably exerted in one season only, and the effects are not large all the year round. In addition, two layers of shaped phase change wallboards are adopted and respectively arranged on the outer layer and the inner layer of the wall, so that the arranged wall can play a role in energy storage in summer and winter, but the effect is not ideal, in addition, the temperature is gradually reduced along the heat transfer direction, and the serious temperature control hysteresis problem can be generated due to the self characteristics of the phase change material, so that the wall is limited in practical application.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem is as follows:
aiming at the defects and shortcomings in the prior art, the invention provides a building envelope structure which can play a role all the year around and has three layers of shaped phase change material plates with low temperature control lag.
The technical scheme is as follows:
in order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a building enclosure wall capable of playing an energy-saving role all year round comprises the following wall structures from outside to inside: finish coat, basic unit's wall body, interface mortar layer, heat preservation, first phase transition mortar layer, second phase transition mortar layer, third phase transition mortar layer, plastering layer and interior finish. The heat-insulating layer, the first phase change mortar layer, the second phase change mortar layer and the third phase change mortar layer are combined together to form the inner heat-insulating structure.
The phase change enclosure wall is a building outer wall.
The first phase change mortar layer, the second phase change mortar layer and the third phase change mortar layer are respectively made of phase change materials with phase change temperatures Tm1, Tm2 and Tm 3. The phase-change temperature Tm1 is set to be the temperature which can enable the mortar layer to store the most heat when exposed to the summer environment, and when the average temperature of the first phase-change mortar layer is equal to or higher than the phase-change temperature Tm1, the phase-change material contained in the first phase-change mortar layer can absorb heat and melt, so that the purposes of slowing down indoor temperature fluctuation and reducing energy consumption are achieved; the phase transition temperature Tm3 is set to a temperature at which the greatest amount of heat is stored in the mortar layer when exposed to winter conditions, and when the average temperature of the third phase transition mortar layer is equal to or higher than the phase transition temperature Tm3, the phase transition material absorbs excess heat in the room and releases the stored heat when the average temperature of the third phase transition mortar layer is lower than Tm3, thereby alleviating indoor temperature fluctuations. The phase transition temperature Tm2 is set to a temperature at which the melting/solidification speed of the whole inner insulation structure is the fastest, and when the melting/solidification speed of the whole inner insulation structure is the greatest, the temperature lag of the system can be effectively improved, and heat can be effectively transmitted.
The shaped phase-change material is obtained by compounding an organic phase-change material and a porous material and is prepared by the following steps:
heating the organic phase change material (one or two) at constant temperature until the organic phase change material is melted to obtain three liquid organic phase change materials with different phase change temperatures, and putting the three liquid organic phase change materials into an oven for later use;
adding a porous material into a vacuum reaction kettle, vacuumizing the reaction kettle until the negative pressure is 0.5-0.5 MPa, closing an air extraction valve, opening a liquid feeding valve, and slowly adding the completely melted organic phase change material;
after the organic phase-change material is added, closing the feeding valve, opening the vacuum extraction valve until the negative pressure is 0.9-1 MPa, and continuously stirring;
and after 35 minutes, closing the air extraction valve, opening the discharge valve to discharge, and airing to obtain the shaped phase-change material.
As a further preference, the phase change material includes, but is not limited to, one or more of paraffin, stearic acid, polyethylene glycol, caprylic acid, pelargonic acid, capric acid, dodecanol and n-pentadecane.
As a further preference, the porous carrier material includes, but is not limited to, one or more of expanded perlite/expanded vermiculite/activated carbon/ceramsite/copper foam/silica/diatomaceous earth.
Preferably, the phase transition temperature range of the first phase transition mortar layer is 29-32 ℃, the phase transition temperature range of the second phase transition mortar layer is 19-27 ℃, and the phase transition temperature range of the third phase transition mortar layer is 10-15 ℃.
Preferably, the thicknesses of the first phase change mortar layer, the second phase change mortar layer and the third phase change mortar layer are 5-20 mm; the phase change latent heat of the first/second/third phase change mortar layers is set to be 150 kJ/kg-200 kJ/kg.
As a further preference, the inner/outer finishing layer includes one or two of but not limited to marble slab, granite slab, face brick, ceramic cotton brick, glass cotton brick, terrazzo slab, brushed stone, dry sticky stone, brazzo stone, latex paint.
As a further preferred, the insulation layer includes, but is not limited to, one or two of extruded sheet, rock wool sheet, phenolic resin sheet, common foam sheet, polyurethane sheet, glass wool felt, schulpe sheet, and hard foam polyurethane insulation board.
Preferably, the interface mortar is prepared by mechanically and uniformly mixing cement, quartz sand, polymer cementing material and a plurality of additives.
Has the advantages that:
the invention adopts phase-change materials with different phase-change temperatures to prepare the phase-change mortar layer and coats the phase-change mortar layer on the inner side of the building outer wall, researches and designs the respective key performance and working mechanism of the phase-change mortar layer, and combines experiments to prove that the multi-layer phase-change mortar layer can absorb or emit a large amount of heat when the temperature is higher than or lower than a thermal comfort temperature range, thereby effectively reducing indoor temperature fluctuation and improving living comfort; in addition, the three-layer phase change mortar design can also accelerate the heat absorption/release rate of the phase change building envelope and reduce the heat absorption/release time, thereby effectively improving the temperature control lag problem.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the construction of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a graph of the heat-up melting temperature of the phase change mortar layer.
Wherein: 1. The external decorative surface layer 2, the basic wall body 3, the interface mortar layer 4, the heat preservation layer 5, the first phase change mortar layer 6, the second phase change mortar layer 7, the third phase change mortar layer 8, the plastering layer 9 and the internal decorative surface layer.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the building enclosure wall provided by the invention can play a role of energy saving all the year around, and the wall structure comprises from outside to inside: the external decorative surface layer 1, the basic unit wall body 2, the interface mortar layer 3, the heat preservation layer 4, the first phase change mortar layer 5, the second phase change mortar layer 6, the third phase change mortar layer 7, the plastering layer 8 and the internal decorative surface layer 9. The heat-insulating layer, the first phase change mortar layer, the second phase change mortar layer and the third phase change mortar layer are combined together to form the inner heat-insulating structure. The phase change enclosure structure is an outer wall of a building.
The phase-change mortar layer is formed by compounding a phase-change material and a porous carrier material, the phase-change temperature interval of the first phase-change mortar layer is 29-32 ℃, the phase-change temperature interval of the second phase-change mortar layer is 19-27 ℃, and the phase-change temperature interval of the third phase-change mortar layer is 10-15 ℃. Phase change materials include, but are not limited to, one or more of wax, stearic acid, polyethylene glycol, caprylic acid, pelargonic acid, capric acid, dodecanol, n-pentadecane. The porous carrier material includes but is not limited to one or more of expanded perlite, expanded vermiculite/activated carbon, ceramsite/foam copper, silica, diatomite. The thickness of the first phase change mortar layer, the thickness of the second phase change mortar layer and the thickness of the third phase change mortar layer are 5-20 mm; the latent heat of phase change of the first phase change mortar layer, the second phase change mortar layer and the third phase change mortar layer is set to be 150 kJ/kg-200 kJ/kg. The interior finish layer and the exterior finish layer comprise one or two of marble slab, granite slab, face brick, ceramic cotton brick, glass cotton brick, terrazzo slab, brushed stone, dry sticky stone, axe stone and latex paint. The heat insulation layer comprises one or two of extruded sheets, rock wool sheets, phenolic resin sheets, common foam sheets, polyurethane sheets, glass wool rolled felt, Shule sheets and hard foam polyurethane heat insulation boards. The interface mortar is formed by mechanically and uniformly mixing cement, quartz sand, polymer cementing material and additive.
The first phase change mortar layer, the second phase change mortar layer and the third phase change mortar layer are respectively made of phase change materials with phase change temperatures Tm1, Tm2 and Tm3, the phase change temperature Tm1 is set to be the temperature when the mortar layer can store the most heat under the environment of exposure in summer, and when the average temperature of the first phase change mortar layer is equal to or higher than the phase change temperature Tm1, the phase change materials contained in the first phase change mortar layer can absorb heat and melt; the phase transition temperature Tm3 is set to a temperature at which the greatest heat is stored in the mortar layer when exposed to winter conditions, and when the average temperature of the third phase transition mortar layer is equal to or higher than the phase transition temperature Tm3, the layer of phase transition material absorbs excess heat from the room and releases the stored heat when the average temperature of the third phase transition mortar layer is lower than Tm 3; the phase transition temperature Tm2 is set to the temperature at which the melting/solidification speed of the entire inner insulation structure is the fastest.
The application method of the phase change building envelope system comprises the following steps:
in summer or when the external temperature is higher, heat reaches the first phase change mortar layer through conduction, so that when the average temperature of the first phase change mortar layer is higher than the phase change temperature Tm1, the first phase change layer melts and starts to store heat, during the period, the heat is continuously transferred to the second phase change mortar layer, when the average temperature of the second phase change mortar layer is higher than the phase change temperature Tm2, the second phase change layer also starts to melt and stores heat, and the third phase change mortar layer is always in a liquid state. Through the process, the indoor temperature can be reduced, and the energy consumption of a cooling system is reduced.
In winter or when the external temperature is lower, the heat reaches the third phase change mortar layer through conduction along with the reduction of the indoor temperature, so that when the average temperature of the first phase change mortar layer is higher than the phase change temperature Tm3, the third phase change layer melts and starts to store the heat, during the period, the heat is continuously transferred to the second phase change mortar layer, when the average temperature of the second phase change mortar layer is higher than the phase change temperature Tm2, the second phase change layer also starts to melt and store the heat, and the first phase change mortar layer is always in a solid state. Through the process, the indoor temperature can be increased, and the energy consumption of a heating system is reduced.
And phase-change materials in the phase-change building envelope are uniformly distributed.
In this embodiment, capric acid, paraffin wax and pelargonic acid are selected as phase change materials in the first phase change mortar layer, the second phase change mortar layer and the third phase change mortar layer, and their phase change temperatures are respectively: 32 ℃, 23 ℃ and 13 ℃.
And melting the phase-change material, then carrying out vacuum adsorption on the melted phase-change material into a porous material, taking the porous material as a fine aggregate, and stirring and mixing the fine aggregate with cement, a modifier and the like to prepare the phase-change mortar.
A reference room and a phase change room are constructed by the wall structure, and the temperature change of the room in summer and winter is monitored, wherein the reference room is not coated with phase change mortar, and the phase change mortar is coated inside and outside the phase change room. As shown in fig. 2, the results show that, compared with the reference room, in summer, the temperature attenuation multiple of the indoor wall body of the phase-change room can reach 41.05, and the time delay parameter of the wall body is 13.5 h; in winter, the temperature attenuation multiple of the indoor wall body of the phase change chamber can reach 42.35, and the time delay parameter of the wall body is 14 h. Therefore, the energy storage building wall structure containing the three layers of phase change mortar has more excellent heat storage capacity, can obviously improve the thermal inertia of the wall, reduce the indoor temperature fluctuation, delay the time of the highest indoor temperature, and play a role in peak clipping and valley filling, thereby achieving the purposes of reducing the building energy consumption and improving the living comfort. In addition, the independent analysis of the heat transfer performance of the wall body shows that the phase-change material with the temperature of 23 ℃ is selected as the middle layer, so that the heat transfer time can be obviously reduced, and the heat transfer efficiency can be improved.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A phase change enclosure wall capable of playing a role all year round is characterized in that: the wall structure comprises from outside to inside: the external decorative layer, the base layer wall body, the interface mortar layer, the heat insulation layer, the first phase change mortar layer, the second phase change mortar layer, the third phase change mortar layer, the plastering layer and the internal decorative layer; the heat insulation layer, the first phase change mortar layer, the second phase change mortar layer and the third phase change mortar layer are combined together to form an inner heat insulation structure;
the first phase change mortar layer, the second phase change mortar layer and the third phase change mortar layer are respectively made of phase change materials with phase change temperatures Tm1, Tm2 and Tm3, the phase change temperature Tm1 is set to be the temperature when the mortar layer can store the most heat under the environment of exposure in summer, and when the average temperature of the first phase change mortar layer is equal to or higher than the phase change temperature Tm1, the phase change materials contained in the first phase change mortar layer can absorb heat and melt; the phase transition temperature Tm3 is set to a temperature at which the greatest heat is stored in the mortar layer when exposed to winter conditions, and when the average temperature of the third phase transition mortar layer is equal to or higher than the phase transition temperature Tm3, the layer of phase transition material absorbs excess heat from the room and releases the stored heat when the average temperature of the third phase transition mortar layer is lower than Tm 3; the phase transition temperature Tm2 is set to the temperature at which the melting/solidification speed of the entire inner insulation structure is the fastest.
2. The phase change enclosure wall of claim 1, wherein: the phase-change mortar layer is formed by compounding a phase-change material and a porous carrier material, the phase-change temperature range of the first phase-change mortar layer is 29-32 ℃, the phase-change temperature range of the second phase-change mortar layer is 19-27 ℃, and the phase-change temperature range of the third phase-change mortar layer is 10-15 ℃.
3. The phase change enclosure wall of claim 1, wherein: the phase change material includes, but is not limited to, one or more of wax, stearic acid, polyethylene glycol, caprylic acid, pelargonic acid, capric acid, dodecanol, n-pentadecane.
4. The phase change enclosure wall of claim 1, wherein: the porous carrier material comprises one or more of expanded perlite, expanded vermiculite/activated carbon, ceramsite/foam copper, silicon dioxide and diatomite.
5. The phase change enclosure wall of claim 1, wherein: the thicknesses of the first phase change mortar layer, the second phase change mortar layer and the third phase change mortar layer are all 5-20 mm; the phase change latent heat of the first/second/third phase change mortar layers is set to be 150 kJ/kg-200 kJ/kg.
6. The phase change enclosure wall of claim 1, wherein: the interior finish layer and the exterior finish layer comprise one or two of marble slabs, granite slabs, face bricks, ceramic cotton bricks, glass cotton bricks, terrazzo slabs, brushed stone, dry sticky stone, brake axe stone and emulsion paint.
7. The phase change enclosure wall of claim 1, wherein: the heat insulation layer comprises one or two of extruded sheets, rock wool sheets, phenolic resin sheets, common foam sheets, polyurethane sheets, glass wool rolled felt, comfortable sheets and hard foam polyurethane heat insulation boards.
8. The phase change enclosure wall of claim 1, wherein: the interface mortar is formed by mechanically and uniformly mixing cement, quartz sand, polymer cementing material and additive.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911059889.XA CN110847415A (en) | 2019-11-01 | 2019-11-01 | Building enclosure wall capable of playing energy-saving role all year round |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911059889.XA CN110847415A (en) | 2019-11-01 | 2019-11-01 | Building enclosure wall capable of playing energy-saving role all year round |
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| CN110847415A true CN110847415A (en) | 2020-02-28 |
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| CN201911059889.XA Pending CN110847415A (en) | 2019-11-01 | 2019-11-01 | Building enclosure wall capable of playing energy-saving role all year round |
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| CN (1) | CN110847415A (en) |
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