CN110844893A - Device and method for extracting helium from hydrogen-containing crude helium - Google Patents
Device and method for extracting helium from hydrogen-containing crude helium Download PDFInfo
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- CN110844893A CN110844893A CN201810945993.8A CN201810945993A CN110844893A CN 110844893 A CN110844893 A CN 110844893A CN 201810945993 A CN201810945993 A CN 201810945993A CN 110844893 A CN110844893 A CN 110844893A
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- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 173
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 143
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 122
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 238000006356 dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000006392 deoxygenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012465 retentate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 24
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 7
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 8
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003949 liquefied natural gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012510 hollow fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
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- C01B23/00—Noble gases; Compounds thereof
- C01B23/001—Purification or separation processes of noble gases
- C01B23/0036—Physical processing only
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
- B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
- B01D53/047—Pressure swing adsorption
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/22—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion
- B01D53/225—Multiple stage diffusion
- B01D53/226—Multiple stage diffusion in serial connexion
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/22—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion
- B01D53/228—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion characterised by specific membranes
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device for extracting helium from crude helium containing hydrogen, which comprises a dehydrogenation component connected with a feed gas input end, a membrane separation device connected with the dehydrogenation component, and a pressure swing adsorption device connected with the membrane separation device. In addition, the invention also discloses a method for extracting helium by using the device. According to the invention, the dehydrogenation component is arranged, so that hydrogen in the feed gas can be effectively removed, the membrane separation component in the membrane separation device can be utilized to effectively separate impurity gases such as methane, nitrogen and argon from the dehydrogenated feed gas by arranging the membrane separation device, the pressure swing adsorption device is arranged to perform pressure swing adsorption on the gas separated by the membrane separation device, the helium purity is further improved, and the finally extracted helium purity reaches 99.999%. The device and the method for extracting helium have the advantages of simple process, low energy consumption and high purity of the extracted helium, and are beneficial to breaking the current situation that helium resources in China depend on import for a long time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of gas separation, and particularly relates to a device and a method for extracting helium from hydrogen-containing crude helium.
Background
Helium is an important strategic material and is widely applied to the fields of military industry, medical treatment, semiconductors, low-temperature superconduction, nuclear magnetic resonance, gas leakage detection and the like. Helium mainly exists in natural gas, most of the existing methods for extracting helium by using natural gas have complex process, high energy consumption and low raw material utilization rate, and the purity of the extracted helium is not high, so that certain impurities cannot be removed, and the use of helium is seriously influenced. In addition, the internationally accepted minimum requirement of natural gas helium stripping on helium concentration in natural gas is more than 0.2%, while natural gas in China has generally low helium content, most of natural gas has helium content of 0.03-0.05%, and the helium is directly extracted from the natural gas with high cost, high energy consumption and poor economic benefit.
With the development of the exploration of the petroleum and natural gas in China, the liquefied natural gas factory is rapidly developed in China, BOG gas of the liquefied natural gas factory contains a large amount of helium resources, the BOG gas is non-condensable gas in the production process of the liquefied natural gas, the BOG gas is generally recycled and re-liquefied, part of the BOG gas can be used as fuel of a boiler of the factory to be burnt, and the other part of the BOG gas is burnt by a torch and discharged into the atmosphere, wherein the contained rare helium resources are wasted.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention aims to solve the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art and to provide a device for extracting helium from crude helium containing hydrogen. The device can effectually get rid of the hydrogen in the feed gas through setting up the dehydrogenation subassembly, through setting up membrane separation device, can utilize the membrane separation subassembly among the membrane separation device to effectively separate impurity gas such as methane, nitrogen gas, argon gas in the feed gas after the dehydrogenation, through setting up pressure swing adsorption equipment, can carry out pressure swing adsorption to the gas after membrane separation device separates, further improves the helium purity, and the helium purity of finally extracting reaches 99.999%.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: the device for extracting the helium from the crude helium containing hydrogen is characterized by comprising a dehydrogenation component connected with a raw material gas input end, a membrane separation device connected with the dehydrogenation component, and a pressure swing adsorption device connected with the membrane separation device.
The device for extracting helium from crude helium containing hydrogen is characterized in that the dehydrogenation component comprises a dehydrogenation tank, a first cooler, a gas-water separator, a dryer, a condenser, a gas-liquid separation tank and a filter which are sequentially connected; and a first compressor is arranged between the filter and the membrane separation device.
The device for extracting helium from crude helium containing hydrogen is characterized in that a second compressor is arranged between the dehydrogenation component and the input end of the raw material gas, and the output end of the second compressor is connected with the input end of the dehydrogenation tank.
The device for extracting helium from crude helium containing hydrogen is characterized in that a deoxidizing component is arranged between the gas-water separator and the dryer.
The device for extracting helium from hydrogen-containing crude helium is characterized in that the deoxidizing component comprises a deoxidizing tank and a second cooler, an air inlet of the deoxidizing tank is connected with an air outlet of the gas-water separator, an air outlet of the deoxidizing tank is connected with an air inlet of the second cooler, and an air outlet of the second cooler is connected with the dryer.
The device for extracting helium from crude helium containing hydrogen is characterized in that the number of the deoxygenation tanks is two, the two deoxygenation tanks are connected in parallel, the number of the coolers is two, and the two deoxygenation tanks and the two coolers are connected in a one-to-one correspondence manner.
The device for extracting helium from hydrogen-containing crude helium is characterized in that the membrane separation device comprises a first-stage membrane separation assembly, a second-stage membrane separation assembly, … and an nth-stage membrane separation assembly, wherein the value of n is more than or equal to 3, the gas inlet of the first-stage membrane separation assembly is connected with the gas outlet of the filter, the permeation side of the first-stage membrane separation assembly is connected with the gas inlet of the nth-stage membrane separation assembly, the detention side of the first-stage membrane separation assembly is connected with the gas inlet of the second-stage membrane separation assembly, the permeation side of the second-stage membrane separation assembly is connected with the gas inlet of the first-stage membrane separation assembly, the permeation side of the nth-stage membrane separation assembly is connected with the gas inlet of the pressure swing adsorption device, and the detention side of the nth-stage membrane separation assembly is connected with the gas inlet of the first-stage membrane separation.
The device for extracting helium from hydrogen-containing crude helium is characterized in that a gas collecting device is connected to a pressure swing adsorption device, the pressure swing adsorption device comprises an adsorption tower and a desorption gas buffer tank, the quantity of the adsorption tower is multiple, a plurality of the adsorption tower is connected in parallel and multiple, the gas inlet of the adsorption tower is connected with the permeation side of an nth-level membrane separation assembly, the gas outlet of the adsorption tower is connected with the gas collecting device, and the desorption gas outlet of the adsorption tower is connected with the inlet of the desorption gas buffer tank.
In addition, the invention also provides a method for extracting helium by adopting the device, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, removing hydrogen from raw material gas through a dehydrogenation component;
step two, the raw material gas without hydrogen in the step one enters a first-stage membrane separation assembly, the permeation gas obtained by the separation of the first-stage membrane separation assembly enters an nth-stage membrane separation assembly for further separation, the permeation residual gas obtained by the separation of the first-stage membrane separation assembly enters a second-stage membrane separation assembly for separation, the permeation gas obtained by the separation of the second-stage membrane separation assembly returns to the first-stage membrane separation assembly, and the permeation residual gas obtained by the separation of the second-stage membrane separation assembly returns to a factory for recycling;
and step three, the permeation gas obtained by the separation of the nth-stage membrane separation component in the step two enters a pressure swing adsorption device for pressure swing adsorption separation, helium gas obtained after the pressure swing adsorption separation is collected, and desorption gas obtained after the pressure swing adsorption separation is returned to a factory for recycling.
The method is characterized in that the raw material gas without hydrogen in the step two is pressurized to 20-55 bar before entering the first-stage membrane separation assembly.
The method is characterized in that the raw material gas without hydrogen in the step two is pressurized to 35-50 bar before entering the first-stage membrane separation assembly.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. according to the invention, the dehydrogenation component is arranged, so that hydrogen in the feed gas can be effectively removed, the membrane separation component in the membrane separation device can be utilized to effectively separate impurity gases such as methane, nitrogen and argon from the dehydrogenated feed gas by arranging the membrane separation device, the pressure swing adsorption device is arranged to perform pressure swing adsorption on the gas separated by the membrane separation device, the helium purity is further improved, and the finally extracted helium purity reaches 99.999%.
2. The device and the method for extracting helium have the advantages of simple process and low energy consumption, solve the problems of complex process, high energy consumption, low raw material utilization rate and the like of the conventional helium extraction process, have high purity of the extracted helium, and are beneficial to breaking the current situation that helium resources in China depend on imports for a long time.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for extracting helium gas from crude helium containing hydrogen according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a membrane separation device according to the present invention.
1-a dehydrogenation module; 1-a dehydrogenation tank; 1-2 — a first cooler;
1-3-a gas-water separator; 1-4-a deoxygenation tank; 1-5-a second cooler;
1-6-a dryer; 1-7-condenser; 1-8-gas-liquid separation tank;
1-9-a filter; 2-a membrane separation device; 2-1 — first stage membrane separation module;
2-2 — a second stage membrane separation module; 2-3-nth stage membrane separation module;
3-pressure swing adsorption device; 3-1-adsorption column; 3-2-desorption gas buffer tank;
4-a first compressor; 5-a second compressor; 6-gas collecting device.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the helium gas extraction apparatus of the present invention includes a dehydrogenation module 1 connected to a feed gas input end, a membrane separation device 2 connected to the dehydrogenation module 1, and a pressure swing adsorption device 3 connected to the membrane separation device 2.
In the embodiment, the dehydrogenation component 1 comprises a dehydrogenation tank 1-1, a first cooler 1-2, a gas-water separator 1-3, a dryer 1-6, a condenser 1-7, a gas-liquid separation tank 1-8 and a filter 1-9 which are connected in sequence; a first compressor 4 is arranged between the filters 1-9 and the membrane separation device 2.
In this embodiment, a second compressor 5 is disposed between the dehydrogenation module 1 and the raw material gas input end, and an output end of the second compressor 5 is connected to an input end of the dehydrogenation tank 1-1.
In this embodiment, a deoxidation component is arranged between the gas-water separator 1-3 and the dryer 1-6.
In the embodiment, the deoxidation component comprises a deoxidation tank 1-4 and a second cooler 1-5, wherein an air inlet of the deoxidation tank 1-4 is connected with an air outlet of the gas-water separator 1-3, an air outlet of the deoxidation tank 1-4 is connected with an air inlet of the second cooler 1-5, and an air outlet of the second cooler 1-5 is connected with a dryer 1-6.
In this embodiment, the number of the deoxygenation tanks 1 to 4 is two, the two deoxygenation tanks 1 to 4 are connected in parallel, the number of the coolers 1 to 5 is two, and the two deoxygenation tanks 1 to 4 are connected with the two coolers 1 to 5 in a one-to-one correspondence manner.
As shown in fig. 2, in this embodiment, the membrane separation device 2 includes a first stage membrane separation module 2-1, a second stage membrane separation module 2-2, …, and an nth stage membrane separation module 2-3, where n is 3, a gas inlet of the first stage membrane separation module 2-1 is connected to a gas outlet of the filter 1-9, a permeate side of the first stage membrane separation module 2-1 is connected to a gas inlet of the nth stage membrane separation module 2-3, a retentate side of the first stage membrane separation module 2-1 is connected to a gas inlet of the second stage membrane separation module 2-2, a permeate side of the second stage membrane separation module 2-2 is connected to a gas inlet of the first stage membrane separation module 2-1, and a permeate side of the nth stage membrane separation module 2-3 is connected to a gas inlet of the pressure swing adsorption device 3, the retentate side of the nth stage membrane separation module 2-3 is connected to the gas inlet of the first stage membrane separation module 2-1.
When the value of n is more than 3, the detention side of the second-stage membrane separation component 2-2 is connected with the air inlet of the next-stage membrane separation component, the permeation side of the next-stage membrane separation component is connected with the air inlet of the first-stage membrane separation component 2-1, and the like.
In this embodiment, the first-stage membrane separation module 2-1, the second-stage membrane separation modules 2-2, …, and the nth-stage membrane separation module 2-3 may all be hollow fiber membranes, polyimide gas separation membranes, or the like.
In this embodiment, the pressure swing adsorption device 3 is connected with a gas collection device 6, the pressure swing adsorption device 3 includes a plurality of adsorption towers 3-1 and a desorption gas buffer tank 3-2, the number of the adsorption towers 3-1 is a plurality of, the adsorption towers 3-1 are connected in parallel, the gas inlets of the adsorption towers 3-1 are all connected with the permeation side of the nth-stage membrane separation assembly 2-3, the gas outlets of the adsorption towers 3-1 are all connected with the gas collection device 6, and the desorption gas outlets of the adsorption towers 3-1 are all connected with the inlets of the desorption gas buffer tank 3-2.
The method for extracting helium from crude helium containing hydrogen by adopting the device comprises the following steps:
firstly, removing hydrogen from raw material gas through a dehydrogenation component 1; the specific process is as follows: pressurizing the raw material gas to about 16bar by a second compressor 5, then sending the raw material gas into a dehydrogenation tank 1-1, introducing air or oxygen into the dehydrogenation tank 1-1, and reacting the oxygen with the hydrogen in the raw material gas to generate water under the action of a catalyst (palladium catalyst); the gas with water from the dehydrogenation tank 1-1 enters a first cooler 1-2 for cooling, then enters a gas-water separator 1-3 for gas-water separation, the gas after the gas-water separation enters a deoxidation tank 1-4 for deoxidation treatment, and the gas after the deoxidation treatment enters a dryer 1-6 for drying treatment after being cooled by a second cooler 1-5; condensing the dried gas by a condenser 1-7, separating the gas in a gas-liquid separation tank 1-8, and filtering the separated gas in a filter 1-9;
step two, the gas filtered by the filter 1-9 in the step one is pressurized to 20-55 bar (such as 20bar, 25bar, 30bar, 35bar, 40bar, 45bar, 50bar or 55bar, preferably 35 bar-50 bar) by the first compressor 4 and then enters the first-stage membrane separation component 2-1, the permeated gas obtained by the separation of the first-stage membrane separation component 2-1 enters the nth-stage membrane separation component 2-3 for further separation, the permeated gas obtained by the separation of the first-stage membrane separation component 2-1 enters the second-stage membrane separation component 2-2 for separation, the permeated gas obtained by the separation of the second-stage membrane separation component 2-2 returns to the first-stage membrane separation component 2-1, and the permeated gas obtained by the separation of the second-stage membrane separation component 2-2 returns to the factory for recycling;
and step three, the permeation gas obtained by the separation of the nth-stage membrane separation component 2-3 in the step two enters a pressure swing adsorption device 3 for pressure swing adsorption separation, helium gas obtained after the pressure swing adsorption separation is collected, and desorption gas obtained after the pressure swing adsorption separation is returned to a factory for recycling.
BOG gas (the main component is methane, and a small amount of nitrogen, hydrogen and helium) of a certain liquefied natural gas plant is used as raw material gas, wherein the volume percentage of the helium is 3-5%, and the device provided by the invention is used for extracting the helium in the raw material gas, and the specific method comprises the following steps:
firstly, removing hydrogen from raw material gas through a dehydrogenation component 1; the specific process is as follows: pressurizing a raw material gas (BOG gas) to about 16bar by a second compressor 5, then sending the raw material gas into a dehydrogenation tank 1-1, introducing air or oxygen into the dehydrogenation tank 1-1, and reacting the oxygen with hydrogen in the raw material gas under the action of a palladium catalyst to generate water; the gas with water from the dehydrogenation tank 1-1 enters a first cooler 1-2 for cooling, then enters a gas-water separator 1-3 for gas-water separation, the gas after the gas-water separation enters a deoxidation tank 1-4 for deoxidation treatment, and the gas after the deoxidation treatment enters a dryer 1-6 for drying treatment after being cooled by a second cooler 1-5; condensing the dried gas by a condenser 1-7, separating the gas in a gas-liquid separation tank 1-8, and filtering the separated gas in a filter 1-9;
step two, the gas filtered by the filter 1-9 in the step one is pressurized to 40 +/-5 bar by a first compressor 4 and then enters a first-stage membrane separation component 2-1, the permeation gas obtained by the separation of the first-stage membrane separation component 2-1 enters an nth-stage membrane separation component 2-3 for further separation, the permeation residual gas obtained by the separation of the first-stage membrane separation component 2-1 enters a second-stage membrane separation component 2-2 for separation, the permeation gas obtained by the separation of the second-stage membrane separation component 2-2 returns to the first-stage membrane separation component 2-1, and the permeation residual gas obtained by the separation of the second-stage membrane separation component 2-2 returns to a factory for recycling;
and step three, the permeation gas obtained by the separation of the nth-stage membrane separation component 2-3 in the step two enters a pressure swing adsorption device 3 for pressure swing adsorption separation, helium gas obtained after the pressure swing adsorption separation is collected, and desorption gas obtained after the pressure swing adsorption separation is returned to a factory for recycling.
Through detection, the purity of helium collected after pressure swing adsorption separation reaches 99.999 percent, and the BOG gas treatment capacity is about 600Nm3The helium yield reaches over 95 percent when the helium yield is about 550L/d.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and all simple modifications, alterations and equivalent changes made to the above embodiment according to the technical spirit of the present invention still fall within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (11)
1. The device for extracting the helium from the crude helium containing hydrogen is characterized by comprising a dehydrogenation component (1) connected with a raw material gas input end, a membrane separation device (2) connected with the dehydrogenation component (1), and a pressure swing adsorption device (3) connected with the membrane separation device (2).
2. The device for extracting helium from crude helium containing hydrogen according to claim 1, wherein the dehydrogenation component (1) comprises a dehydrogenation tank (1-1), a first cooler (1-2), a gas-water separator (1-3), a dryer (1-6), a condenser (1-7), a gas-liquid separation tank (1-8) and a filter (1-9) which are connected in sequence; a first compressor (4) is arranged between the filter (1-9) and the membrane separation device (2).
3. An apparatus for extracting helium from crude helium containing hydrogen according to claim 2, wherein a second compressor (5) is arranged between the dehydrogenation module (1) and the input end of the feed gas, and the output end of the second compressor (5) is connected with the input end of the dehydrogenation tank (1-1).
4. The device for extracting helium from crude helium containing hydrogen according to claim 1, wherein a deoxidation component is arranged between the gas-water separator (1-3) and the dryer (1-6).
5. The device for extracting helium from crude helium containing hydrogen according to claim 4, wherein the deoxidation assembly comprises a deoxidation tank (1-4) and a second cooler (1-5), the gas inlet of the deoxidation tank (1-4) is connected with the gas outlet of the gas-water separator (1-3), the gas outlet of the deoxidation tank (1-4) is connected with the gas inlet of the second cooler (1-5), and the gas outlet of the second cooler (1-5) is connected with the dryer (1-6).
6. The device for extracting helium from crude helium containing hydrogen according to claim 5, wherein the number of the deoxygenation tanks (1-4) is two, the two deoxygenation tanks (1-4) are connected in parallel, the number of the coolers (1-5) is two, and the two deoxygenation tanks (1-4) and the two coolers (1-5) are connected in a one-to-one correspondence manner.
7. The device for extracting helium from crude helium containing hydrogen according to claim 1, wherein the membrane separation device (2) comprises a first stage membrane separation assembly (2-1), a second stage membrane separation assembly (2-2), … and an nth stage membrane separation assembly (2-3), wherein n is greater than or equal to 3, the gas inlet of the first stage membrane separation assembly (2-1) is connected with the gas outlet of the filter (1-9), the permeate side of the first stage membrane separation assembly (2-1) is connected with the gas inlet of the nth stage membrane separation assembly (2-3), the retentate side of the first stage membrane separation assembly (2-1) is connected with the gas inlet of the second stage membrane separation assembly (2-2), the permeate side of the second stage membrane separation assembly (2-2) is connected with the gas inlet of the first stage membrane separation assembly (2-1), the permeation side of the nth stage membrane separation assembly (2-3) is connected with the gas inlet of the pressure swing adsorption device (3), and the detention side of the nth stage membrane separation assembly (2-3) is connected with the gas inlet of the first stage membrane separation assembly (2-1).
8. The device for extracting helium from crude helium containing hydrogen according to claim 7, wherein a gas collecting device (6) is connected to the pressure swing adsorption device (3), the pressure swing adsorption device (3) comprises an adsorption tower (3-1) and a desorption gas buffer tank (3-2), the number of the adsorption towers (3-1) is multiple, the adsorption towers (3-1) are connected in parallel, the gas inlets of the adsorption towers (3-1) are connected with the permeation side of the nth stage membrane separation component (2-3), the gas outlets of the adsorption towers (3-1) are connected with the gas collecting device (6), and the desorption gas outlets of the adsorption towers (3-1) are connected with the inlet of the desorption gas buffer tank (3-2).
9. A method for extracting helium using the apparatus of claim 7, comprising the steps of:
firstly, removing hydrogen from raw material gas through a dehydrogenation component (1);
step two, raw gas without hydrogen in the step one enters a first-stage membrane separation component (2-1), permeated gas obtained by separation of the first-stage membrane separation component (2-1) enters an nth-stage membrane separation component (2-3) for further separation, permeated residual gas obtained by separation of the first-stage membrane separation component (2-1) enters a second-stage membrane separation component (2-2) for separation, permeated gas obtained by separation of the second-stage membrane separation component (2-2) returns to the first-stage membrane separation component (2-1), and permeated residual gas obtained by separation of the second-stage membrane separation component (2-2) returns to a factory for recycling;
and step three, the permeation gas obtained by the separation of the nth-stage membrane separation component (2-3) in the step two enters a pressure swing adsorption device (3) for pressure swing adsorption separation, helium gas obtained after the pressure swing adsorption separation is collected, and desorption gas obtained after the pressure swing adsorption separation is returned to a factory for recycling.
10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the feed gas from which hydrogen is removed in step two is pressurized to 20-55 bar before entering the first stage membrane separation assembly (2-1).
11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the feed gas from which hydrogen is removed in the second step is pressurized to 35-50 bar before entering the first stage membrane separation assembly (2-1).
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