CN110837441A - KVM virtual machine backup method based on dirty data bitmap and network block equipment - Google Patents
KVM virtual machine backup method based on dirty data bitmap and network block equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN110837441A CN110837441A CN201911115592.0A CN201911115592A CN110837441A CN 110837441 A CN110837441 A CN 110837441A CN 201911115592 A CN201911115592 A CN 201911115592A CN 110837441 A CN110837441 A CN 110837441A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F11/00—Error detection; Error correction; Monitoring
- G06F11/07—Responding to the occurrence of a fault, e.g. fault tolerance
- G06F11/14—Error detection or correction of the data by redundancy in operation
- G06F11/1402—Saving, restoring, recovering or retrying
- G06F11/1446—Point-in-time backing up or restoration of persistent data
- G06F11/1458—Management of the backup or restore process
- G06F11/1464—Management of the backup or restore process for networked environments
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F9/00—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units
- G06F9/06—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units using stored programs, i.e. using an internal store of processing equipment to receive or retain programs
- G06F9/44—Arrangements for executing specific programs
- G06F9/455—Emulation; Interpretation; Software simulation, e.g. virtualisation or emulation of application or operating system execution engines
- G06F9/45533—Hypervisors; Virtual machine monitors
- G06F9/45558—Hypervisor-specific management and integration aspects
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F9/00—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units
- G06F9/06—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units using stored programs, i.e. using an internal store of processing equipment to receive or retain programs
- G06F9/44—Arrangements for executing specific programs
- G06F9/455—Emulation; Interpretation; Software simulation, e.g. virtualisation or emulation of application or operating system execution engines
- G06F9/45533—Hypervisors; Virtual machine monitors
- G06F9/45558—Hypervisor-specific management and integration aspects
- G06F2009/45595—Network integration; Enabling network access in virtual machine instances
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of KVM virtual machines, and particularly relates to a KVM virtual machine backup method based on dirty data bitmaps and network block equipment. Aiming at the currently used backup mode, the backup mode of QEMU and LIBVIRT is improved to realize a backup mode which does not need to store backup files in a temporary space and modify XML files of a virtual machine, has relatively simple backup chain management, does not have requirements on the QEMU format and can enable multiple backup tasks to be parallel, avoids various potential problems possibly caused by restarting the LIBVIRT, simplifies backup management, does not need more temporary space to store the backup files, has higher flexibility, and can perform differential backup on mirror image data between the backup modes based on a timestamp created at any moment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of KVM virtual machines, and particularly relates to a KVM virtual machine backup method based on dirty data bitmaps and network block equipment.
Background
As cloud computing is becoming an infrastructure, security of cloud data becomes an important research issue. Meanwhile, KVM (Kernel-based Virtual Machine) and QEMU (IO virtualization component) have gradually become the main research direction of various cloud manufacturers due to their complete open source ecology. Therefore, the research on the online backup mechanism of the KVM virtual machine has very important significance. QEMU is a set of open source, emulated computer software that provides IO virtualization for KVM virtual machines in many application scenarios. Thus, the backup of the KVM virtual machine is done internally by the QEMU. LIBVIRT is an open source API for managing the virtualization platform that is used to manage the KVM virtual machines. When the KVM virtual machine is backed up, the LIBVIRT is used as a management inlet, and the backup data is managed by calling the API of the QEMU. At present, two backup modes are mainly adopted by most cloud manufacturers, and one mode is a snapshot-based backup mode. The other is a dirty data bitmap backup mode based on QEMU.
1. Backup mode based on snapshot
Taking a KVM virtual machine configured with two disks as an example, the mirror image dependency relationship is shown in FIG. 1, wherein Active1.qcow2 and Active2.qcow2 are Top mirror images of the two disks respectively and are responsible for the read-write function of current data of a user, and the dependent Base mirror images are Base1.img and Base2.img in read-only format respectively. The creation of the temporary snapshot takes the temporary snapshot as the TOP layer mirror image (the XML file of the virtual machine needs to be changed) to take charge of the rewriting and loading functions of user data, and the original TOP layer mirror images Active1.qcow2 and Active2.qcow2 become read-only mirror images, so the backup purpose can be achieved by copying Active1.qcow2 and Active2. qcow2.
After the backup data is copied, the data rewritten during the backup of the temporary snapshot needs to be merged back to active1.qcow2 and active2.qcow2, and the temporary snapshot is deleted. Wherein the merging of the snapshot data can be performed by the block commit command of the LIBVIRT.
2. Backup mode based on dirty data bitmap alone
A backup method based on a Dirty-Bitmap alone is a backup method by exporting backup data to a temporary space. During the backup process, according to the interface provided by QEMU, the object and target to be backed up and the backup type are designated, and then the full backup or incremental backup file can be generated.
The core mechanism is to use a dirty data bitmap implemented inside the QEMU to track dirty data, and the dirty data bitmap can map the dirty data mirrored from the time of creation of the dirty data bitmap with a certain granularity.
However, both of the above solutions have certain technical drawbacks:
1. for the snapshot-based approach:
1) the XML file of the virtual machine needs to be temporarily changed to change the image of the TOP layer of the virtual machine. The modification of the XML file is accompanied by a restart of the libbirt.
2) Data modified by the user since the last backup cannot be identified, and only a mirror level backup can be performed. However, by managing the snapshot chain and submitting the middle of the chain instead of the active layer, the incremental backup in the qcow2 format can be captured, but the problem of complicated snapshot chain management also exists.
3) The backup must be targeted to the format supported by QEMU.
4) The merge temporary snapshot phase still only supports merging one disk at a time.
2. For the bitmap backup mode based on dirty data alone
1) Backup is performed by means of temporary files, extra storage space is required, and cost is increased.
2) Merging of backup files requires deployment of a QEMU environment on a third party backup server for merging of incremental and full files.
3) Data at any two time points cannot be specified for backup, and only data from the time of creation of the dirty data bitmap can be backed up.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: how to provide a KVM virtual machine backup method based on a dirty data bitmap and a network block device.
(II) technical scheme
To solve the above technical problem, the present invention provides a KVM virtual machine backup method based on a dirty data bitmap and a network block device, where the KVM virtual machine backup method is implemented based on a KVM virtual machine backup system, and the KVM virtual machine backup system includes: the system comprises a configuration file generation module, an information analysis module, a backup preprocessing module, a service providing module, a backup resource acquisition module and a backup task ending command generation module;
the KVM virtual machine backup method comprises the following steps:
step 1: the configuration file generation module writes a backup configuration file according to the backup requirement of the KVM;
step 2: the information analysis module acquires and analyzes backup configuration information from the backup configuration file; the step 2 comprises the following steps:
step 21: the information analysis module analyzes the starting time stamp of the specified backup from the backup configuration file;
step 22: the information analysis module analyzes the server address of the network block equipment of the specified backup from the backup configuration file;
step 23: the information analysis module analyzes the end time stamp of the specified backup from the backup configuration file;
and step 3: the backup preprocessing module carries out backup preprocessing operation; the step 3 comprises the following steps:
step 31: the backup preprocessing module acquires a dirty data bitmap of the backup data based on the starting time stamp in the backup data, and records the dirty data bitmap acquired by the starting time stamp as DB-START;
step 32: the backup preprocessing module creates a new temporary mirror image based on the end timestamp for storage of user data during backup;
step 33: the backup preprocessing module sets the server address of the network block device as the server address of the network block device of the specified backup analyzed in the step 22, and starts the NBD service;
and 4, step 4: the service providing module provides backup resource service to the outside through NBD service; the step 4 comprises the following steps:
step 41: the service providing module provides DB-START to NBD server, thereby providing Dirty-Bitmap service to outside;
step 42: the service providing module mounts the KVM virtual machine to the NBD server in a read-only mode, so that the virtual machine image data service is provided to the outside;
and 5: the backup resource acquisition module acquires backup resources; the backup resource acquisition module comprises: a dirty data bitmap acquisition unit and a backup data reading unit;
the step 5 comprises the following steps:
step 51: the Dirty-data Bitmap acquisition unit acquires Dirty-Bitmap information of DB-START from the NBD server.
Step 52: the backup data reading unit circularly reads backup data from the NBD server according to the acquired Dirty-Bitmap information of DB-START;
step 6: the backup task ending command generating module sends a task ending command;
after the backup task is finished, the backup task finishing command generating module merges the temporary image file into the original image of the KVM and sends a task finishing command.
In step 1, the configuration file generation module writes a backup configuration file in an XML file format according to the KVM virtual machine backup requirement.
Wherein, in the step 21, the starting timestamp is created by the last backup task.
Wherein, the step 3 further comprises:
and the backup preprocessing module creates a new dirty data bitmap based on the ending time stamp in the backup data, records the dirty data bitmap acquired based on the ending time stamp as DB-END, and is used for the next backup task.
Wherein the dirty data bitmap acquisition unit is implemented by a qemu-nbd tool.
Wherein the backup data reading unit is realized by a qemu-io tool.
(III) advantageous effects
Aiming at the existing backup mode, the backup mode which does not need to store the backup file in a temporary space and modify the XML file of the virtual machine (various potential problems possibly caused by the restart of the LIBVIRT) is realized by improving the backup mechanism of the QEMU and the LIBVIRT, the backup chain is relatively simple to manage, the QEMU format is not required, and multiple backup tasks can be performed in parallel.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following distinguishing technical characteristics:
(1) the NBD service is improved, so that the Dirty-Bitmap information can provide the Dirty-Bitmap service to the outside through the NBD service.
(2) And reading and writing user data through the temporary file occupying less space, and taking charge of data consistency during backup.
Therefore, compared with the prior art, the backup method has the following advantages by improving the backup mechanism of the LIBVIRT and the QEMU:
(1) with respect to snapshot-based backup approaches:
1) the whole backup process does not need to modify the XML file of the virtual machine (various potential problems possibly caused by the restart of the LIBVIRT are avoided)
2) The whole backup process only establishes a new temporary mirror image based on the end time stamp, so that the backup chain is relatively simple to manage, and the backup management is simplified.
(2) Relative to the approach based on dirty data bitmaps alone:
1) it can be known from steps 3 and 6 that only one temporary file is created, and the backup-completed temporary files are merged, so that a large amount of temporary space is not needed to store the backup files.
2) Each backup task "creates a new Dirty-Bitmap based on the end timestamp", and thus has great flexibility in performing delta backup of mirrored data between them based on timestamps created at any previous time.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating mirror dependencies.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of mirror dependency after snapshot mode backup.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, contents, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples.
To solve the problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a KVM virtual machine backup method based on a dirty data bitmap and a network block device, where the KVM virtual machine backup method is implemented based on a KVM virtual machine backup system, and the KVM virtual machine backup system includes: the system comprises a configuration file generation module, an information analysis module, a backup preprocessing module, a service providing module, a backup resource acquisition module and a backup task ending command generation module;
the KVM virtual machine backup method comprises the following steps:
step 1: the configuration file generation module writes a backup configuration file according to the backup requirement of the KVM;
step 2: the information analysis module acquires and analyzes backup configuration information from the backup configuration file; the step 2 comprises the following steps:
step 21: the information analysis module analyzes the starting time stamp of the specified backup from the backup configuration file;
step 22: the information analysis module analyzes a server address of a specified backup Network Block Device (NBD) from the backup configuration file;
step 23: the information analysis module analyzes the end time stamp of the specified backup from the backup configuration file;
and step 3: the backup preprocessing module carries out backup preprocessing operation; the step 3 comprises the following steps:
step 31: the backup preprocessing module acquires a Dirty data Bitmap (Dirty-Bitmap) of the backup data based on the starting timestamp in the backup data, and records the Dirty data Bitmap acquired by the starting timestamp as DB-START;
step 32: the backup preprocessing module creates a new temporary mirror image based on the end timestamp for storage of user data during backup;
step 33: the backup preprocessing module sets the server address (NBD service address) of the network block device as the server address of the network block device of the specified backup analyzed in the above step 22, and starts the NBD service;
and 4, step 4: the service providing module provides backup resource service to the outside through NBD service; the step 4 comprises the following steps:
step 41: the service providing module provides DB-START to NBD server, thereby providing Dirty-Bitmap service to outside;
step 42: the service providing module mounts the KVM virtual machine to the NBD server in a read-only mode, so that the virtual machine image data service is provided to the outside;
and 5: the backup resource acquisition module acquires backup resources; the backup resource acquisition module comprises: a dirty data bitmap acquisition unit and a backup data reading unit;
the step 5 comprises the following steps:
step 51: the Dirty-data Bitmap acquisition unit acquires Dirty-Bitmap information of DB-START from the NBD server.
Step 52: the backup data reading unit circularly reads backup data from the NBD server according to the acquired Dirty-Bitmap information of DB-START;
step 6: the backup task ending command generating module sends a task ending command;
after the backup task is finished, the backup task finishing command generating module merges the temporary image file into the original image of the KVM and sends a task finishing command.
In step 1, the configuration file generation module writes a backup configuration file in an XML file format according to the KVM virtual machine backup requirement.
Wherein, in the step 21, the starting timestamp is created by the last backup task.
Wherein, the step 3 further comprises:
and the backup preprocessing module creates a new Dirty data Bitmap (Dirty-Bitmap) in the backup data based on the ending time stamp, and records the Dirty data Bitmap acquired based on the ending time stamp as DB-END for the next backup task.
Wherein the dirty data bitmap acquisition unit is implemented by a qemu-nbd tool.
Wherein the backup data reading unit is realized by a qemu-io tool.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A KVM virtual machine backup method based on a dirty data bitmap and a network block device, the KVM virtual machine backup method implemented based on a KVM virtual machine backup system, the KVM virtual machine backup system comprising: the system comprises a configuration file generation module, an information analysis module, a backup preprocessing module, a service providing module, a backup resource acquisition module and a backup task ending command generation module;
the KVM virtual machine backup method comprises the following steps:
step 1: the configuration file generation module writes a backup configuration file according to the backup requirement of the KVM;
step 2: the information analysis module acquires and analyzes backup configuration information from the backup configuration file; the step 2 comprises the following steps:
step 21: the information analysis module analyzes the starting time stamp of the specified backup from the backup configuration file;
step 22: the information analysis module analyzes the server address of the network block equipment of the specified backup from the backup configuration file;
step 23: the information analysis module analyzes the end time stamp of the specified backup from the backup configuration file;
and step 3: the backup preprocessing module carries out backup preprocessing operation; the step 3 comprises the following steps:
step 31: the backup preprocessing module acquires a dirty data bitmap of the backup data based on the starting time stamp in the backup data, and records the dirty data bitmap acquired by the starting time stamp as DB-START;
step 32: the backup preprocessing module creates a new temporary mirror image based on the end timestamp for storage of user data during backup;
step 33: the backup preprocessing module sets the server address of the network block device as the server address of the network block device of the specified backup analyzed in the step 22, and starts the NBD service;
and 4, step 4: the service providing module provides backup resource service to the outside through NBD service; the step 4 comprises the following steps:
step 41: the service providing module provides DB-START to NBD server, thereby providing Dirty-Bitmap service to outside;
step 42: the service providing module mounts the KVM virtual machine to the NBD server in a read-only mode, so that the virtual machine image data service is provided to the outside;
and 5: the backup resource acquisition module acquires backup resources; the backup resource acquisition module comprises: a dirty data bitmap acquisition unit and a backup data reading unit;
the step 5 comprises the following steps:
step 51: the Dirty-data Bitmap acquisition unit acquires Dirty-Bitmap information of DB-START from the NBD server.
Step 52: the backup data reading unit circularly reads backup data from the NBD server according to the acquired Dirty-Bitmap information of DB-START;
step 6: the backup task ending command generating module sends a task ending command;
after the backup task is finished, the backup task finishing command generating module merges the temporary image file into the original image of the KVM and sends a task finishing command.
2. The dirty-data bitmap and network-block-device-based KVM virtual machine backup method according to claim 1, wherein in step 1, the configuration file generation module writes the backup configuration file in an XML file format according to the KVM virtual machine backup requirement.
3. The dirty data bitmap and network block device based KVM virtual machine backup method of claim 1, wherein in said step 21, said start timestamp is created by a last backup task.
4. The dirty data bitmap and network block device based KVM virtual machine backup method of claim 1, wherein said step 3 further comprises:
and the backup preprocessing module creates a new dirty data bitmap based on the ending time stamp in the backup data, records the dirty data bitmap acquired based on the ending time stamp as DB-END, and is used for the next backup task.
5. The dirty data bitmap and network block device based KVM virtual machine backup method of claim 1, wherein the dirty data bitmap acquisition unit is implemented by a qemu-nbd tool.
6. The dirty data bitmap and network block device based KVM virtual machine backup method of claim 1, wherein the backup data reading unit is implemented by a qemu-io tool.
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