CN110836980B - Device and method for determining the flow velocity of a fluid in a hollow body - Google Patents
Device and method for determining the flow velocity of a fluid in a hollow body Download PDFInfo
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- CN110836980B CN110836980B CN201910640295.1A CN201910640295A CN110836980B CN 110836980 B CN110836980 B CN 110836980B CN 201910640295 A CN201910640295 A CN 201910640295A CN 110836980 B CN110836980 B CN 110836980B
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- flow
- spoiler
- hollow body
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/05—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects
- G01F1/20—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by detection of dynamic effects of the flow
- G01F1/32—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by detection of dynamic effects of the flow using swirl flowmeters
- G01F1/3227—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by detection of dynamic effects of the flow using swirl flowmeters using fluidic oscillators
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P5/00—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft
- G01P5/01—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by using swirlflowmeter
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/05—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects
- G01F1/20—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by detection of dynamic effects of the flow
- G01F1/32—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by detection of dynamic effects of the flow using swirl flowmeters
- G01F1/3209—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by detection of dynamic effects of the flow using swirl flowmeters using Karman vortices
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/05—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects
- G01F1/20—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by detection of dynamic effects of the flow
- G01F1/32—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by detection of dynamic effects of the flow using swirl flowmeters
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/05—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects
- G01F1/20—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by detection of dynamic effects of the flow
- G01F1/32—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by detection of dynamic effects of the flow using swirl flowmeters
- G01F1/325—Means for detecting quantities used as proxy variables for swirl
- G01F1/3259—Means for detecting quantities used as proxy variables for swirl for detecting fluid pressure oscillations
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- Measuring Volume Flow (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a device and a method for determining the flow velocity of a fluid in a hollow body (1), said device comprising: at least one flow perturbation device (10, 20, 30, 40, 50) arranged in the hollow body (1) and at least one sensor (15, 25, 35, 45, 55) arranged downstream of the flow perturbation device (10, 20, 30, 40, 50) at a specific distance as seen in the flow direction for determining a disturbance induced in the flow by the flow perturbation device (10, 20, 30, 40, 50), wherein the flow perturbation device (10, 20, 30, 40, 50) has means for generating a variable disturbance in the fluid flow.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a device for determining the flow speed of a fluid in a hollow body, comprising: at least one turbulence device arranged in the hollow body and at least one sensor arranged downstream of the turbulence device at a specific distance, viewed in the flow direction, for determining a disturbance induced in the flow by the turbulence device, and to a method for determining the flow velocity of a fluid in the hollow body.
Background
Various methods for determining the flow rate or volume flow of a fluid in a hollow body are known from the prior art. For example, so-called vortex meters, i.e. vortex flowmeters, are known, which have the disadvantage, however, that the measurement is influenced to a large extent by the viscosity of the fluid, wherein a determination of the flow velocity cannot be or is difficult to achieve in liquids having a low reynolds number and a high kinematic viscosity. Ultrasonic measuring devices are also known, which however place high demands on the evaluation electronics, since only slight differences in the transit time of the acoustic signal occur due to the high acoustic speed when the doppler effect is used.
It is also known to determine the volume flow in the hollow body by means of a turbine. However, the turbine has a plurality of movable parts, which leads to corresponding wear, wherein pressure losses also result from the use of the turbine in the flowing medium.
Disclosure of Invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a device and a method for determining the flow velocity of a fluid, for example a liquid, in a hollow body, wherein the device and the method are substantially independent of the viscosity of the fluid and in this respect the volume flow can be determined taking into account the diameter of the hollow body even in fluids with a low reynolds number, i.e. with a high viscosity or a low flow velocity.
In order to achieve the object, it is proposed according to the invention that the flow perturbation device has means for generating a variable perturbation in the volume flow. The core of the invention is that a disturbance is generated in the volume flow, wherein, for example, the intensity of the pulse used to generate the disturbance can be selected depending on the viscosity of the fluid in the hollow body. Advantageous features and embodiments of the invention emerge from the dependent claims.
It is therefore proposed, in particular according to a first embodiment, that the spoiler comprises a spoiler body for generating a disturbance in the volume flow or the flowing fluid. In particular, it can also be provided in this case that the spoiler has at least one spoiler element which projects into the volume flow, the spoiler surface of which is variable. In this respect, the following options are provided by the at least one spoiler element: a pulse is given to the fluid and thus a disturbance is created in the fluid, the magnitude of which depends on, for example, the viscosity of the fluid. The background is that finally a disturbance, in particular a vortex/eddy, must be induced in the fluid or fluid flow, which disturbance, in particular a vortex, can also be determined by the at least one sensor. Of course, it is more difficult and more energy-consuming to generate a disturbance, in particular a vortex, which can be determined by a sensor in a high-viscosity fluid than in a low-viscosity liquid, for example water.
In order to generate a disturbance in the fluid, it is advantageously provided according to a first embodiment that the at least one spoiler element is designed such that it can be displaced out of the spoiler transversely to the flow direction. The spoiler, which is designed in particular in a flow-favorable manner, has a sensor for determining a disturbance, which is spaced apart from the at least one spoiler element in the flow direction. In other words, the spoiler exhibits not only spoiler elements for generating a disturbance, in particular a vortex, but also is provided with sensors for determining the disturbance, which means that at least one sensor has a distance, as seen in the flow direction, with respect to at least one spoiler element.
According to another, second embodiment, it is provided that the spoiler has at least one spoiler element, which is similar to a wing and which can be pivoted out in the direction of flow. A sensor is arranged on the hollow body, spaced apart from the spoiler, for detecting a disturbance, for example a vortex, generated by a spoiler element of the spoiler.
In the case of embodiments in which the spoiler has not only at least one spoiler element but also a sensor for determining the turbulence, and in the case of at least one wing-like spoiler element which is arranged on the pivotable spoiler opposite to the flow direction, it is advantageous if the respective spoiler element is steplessly adjustable, i.e. can enter the fluid flow steplessly. Thus, the following possibilities exist: the size of the disturbance is varied and this is achieved by making the surface entering the flow as a resistance variable.
A further, i.e. third, embodiment is characterized in that the at least one flow perturbation device has a recess in the wall of the hollow body, the flow diverter/flow displacerFor example, a plunger-shaped element/stamp-shaped element is movably arranged in the recess. In this case, the membrane is also a shunt. In this case, it is advantageous if the plunger head of the plunger element is arranged in the recess in a spaced-apart manner from the lateral hollow body wall, wherein the flow divider and in particular the plunger element are arranged in the recess so as to be movable parallel to or transversely to the central longitudinal axis of the hollow body. By means of at least one such device located on the circumference of the pipe, disturbances can be generated on the inner wall of the hollow body by targeted fluid oscillations, which disturbances are detected by corresponding sensors which are arranged at a specific distance from the flow-disturbing device on or in the wall of the hollow body. In practice the following possibilities also exist: a plurality of such turbulators are arranged inIn the region of the inner circumference of the hollow body, this achieves the possibility of detecting asymmetries in the flow.
A fourth embodiment is characterized in that the flow perturbation device has at least one flow perturbation element arranged on the wall of the hollow body, which flow perturbation element can enter the volume flow transversely to the longitudinal axis of the hollow body. It is also advantageously provided here that the spoiler element can enter the fluid continuously transversely to the central longitudinal axis.
According to a further feature of the present invention, the sensor for determining the disturbance is designed as a pressure sensor, in particular as a piezoceramic sensor.
The subject of the invention likewise relates to a method for determining the flow velocity in a hollow body with an apparatus according to one or more of claims 1 to 15. The method according to the invention is characterized in that the time period between the generation of the disturbance by the spoiler and the determination of the disturbance by the sensor can be determined, so that the flow velocity can be determined given a predetermined spacing between the spoiler and the sensor. In this case, it is proposed in particular that at least one pulse or pulse sequence is induced in the fluid flow by the flow perturbation device. The pulse intensity can be selected here depending on, in particular, the viscosity of the liquid; the background is that it is possible to provide as distinct/differentiated disturbances as possible in the fluid flow, advantageously always providing complete, separate vortices.
Advantageously, pulse sequences can also be initiated in the fluid flow, in order to finally obtain a better signal-to-noise ratio. It is advantageous to be able to adjust the spacing between two pulses, the spacing between two pulse sequences and also the length of the pulse sequences. This therefore avoids interaction between two pulses or pulse sequences or minimizes the influence. That is, the sensor should be able to detect a clear signal.
The generation of the at least one pulse or the at least one pulse sequence is achieved according to a further feature of the invention by a MEMS (micro-electromechanical system), for example a piezo-ceramic element, as part of the flow perturbation device. It is advantageous here that the frequency of the individual pulses per unit time or the frequency of the pulse train is controllable. The length of the pulse sequence may also be adjusted.
Drawings
The invention is explained in exemplary detail on the basis of the drawings.
Fig. 1a shows schematically in a sectional view a first variant of a first embodiment for determining the flow velocity in a hollow body;
fig. 1b schematically shows a second variant of the first embodiment according to fig. 1 a;
fig. 1c schematically shows a third variant of the first embodiment according to fig. 1 a;
fig. 2 schematically shows a second embodiment for determining the flow velocity in a hollow body in a sectional view;
fig. 3a shows a first variant of the device according to fig. 1 and 2 as a third embodiment;
fig. 3b shows a second variant of the device according to fig. 1 and 2 as a third embodiment;
fig. 4 shows a fourth embodiment of an apparatus for determining the flow velocity in a hollow body in a sectional view;
fig. 5 shows a fifth embodiment, in which both the spoiler and the sensor have a piezoelectric element.
List of reference numerals:
1 hollow body
10 turbulent flow device
11 turbulent flow body
12 projection
13 flow disturbing element
14 central longitudinal axis
15 sensor
20 turbulent flow device
21 spoiler
23 turbulence element resembling an airfoil
25 sensor
26 flow facilitating retainer
27 arrow head
30 flow disturbing device
32 notch
34 plunger type piece
34a plunger head
35 sensor
43 spoiler element
45 sensor
51 spoiler
55 sensor
Detailed Description
A schematically illustrated hollow body is denoted by reference numeral 1 according to fig. 1a to 5.
A flow spoiler 10 is provided in the hollow body 1 according to fig. 1a (first variant). The spoiler 10 comprises a spoiler 11, wherein the spoiler 11 has spoiler elements 13 on the lower side and on the upper side in the region of its projections 12 directed opposite to the flow (arrow 3). The spoiler element 13 can be moved or tilted out of the spoiler 11 in a stepless manner transversely to the central longitudinal axis 14, wherein the area of the incident flow is dependent on the present removal length. The size of this area influences the size of the disturbance emitted into the fluid, for example in the form of a pulse or a pulse train.
The spoiler 10 with the spoiler 11 comprises a sensor 15 spaced apart (distance X) from the spoiler element 13 for determining a disturbance, in particular a vortex, generated by the spoiler element. Via the time difference between the generation of vortices by the spoiler element at one of the ends of the spoiler 11 of the spoiler device 10 and the determination of vortices by the sensor, and the distance X between the spoiler element 13 and the sensor 15 and the cross-sectional area of the hollow body, the volume flow rate per unit time can then be determined with known flow conditions.
Fig. 1b shows an embodiment as a second variant, in which the spoiler element 13 can be moved periodically transversely to the central longitudinal axis 14 in order to form a vortex as a result, which vortex can then be detected by the sensor 15. The perturbation may be generated by a pulse or by a sequence of pulses.
Fig. 1c shows an embodiment as a third variant, in which the spoiler element 13 reciprocates like a tail.
In addition, the same objects are denoted by the same reference numerals.
Fig. 2 shows a spoiler 20 with a spoiler 21, wherein the spoiler has on its one end, specifically on the end facing away from the flow, a spoiler-like spoiler element 23, which can be pivoted out counter to the flow direction (arrow 27). A sensor 25 is provided spaced apart (distance X) from this end of the spoiler 21 for detecting a disturbance in the fluid produced by the spoiler. The sensor 25 is held by a flow-facilitating holder 26, which is arranged in the hollow body 1.
Fig. 3a shows in a first variant a flow-disturbing device 30 arranged in the wall of the hollow body 1, wherein the flow-disturbing device 30 has a recess 32 arranged in the wall of the hollow body, in which recess a plunger 34 can move as a flow-disturbing element parallel to the central longitudinal axis 14 of the hollow body. The plunger head 34a is arranged in the recess 32 at a distance from the lateral hollow body wall. The upper side of the plunger head 34a is flush with the inner wall of the hollow body 1. With this embodiment the following possibilities exist: a targeted fluid oscillation is generated on the circumference of the hollow body, which induces disturbances (for example in the form of vortices) in the fluid flowing through the hollow body, which disturbances can be detected by sensors 35 arranged in the wall of the hollow body at a distance X from the plunger element 34. Furthermore, if there is an asymmetric flow, a plurality of turbulators may be used, ideally evenly distributed over the circumference in the circumferential direction.
Fig. 3b shows, as a second variant, how a vortex is generated by the movement of the spoiler element 13 in the wall of the hollow body in a direction transverse to the central longitudinal axis 14, which vortex is detected by a sensor 35 in the wall of the hollow body. By means of the movement or movements, the disturbance can be generated in the fluid flow also as a fluid pulse or as a sequence of fluid pulses.
Fig. 4 differs from the previous figures only in that at least one flow-disturbing element is arranged on the wall of the hollow body, which can enter the fluid flow transversely to the central longitudinal axis of the hollow body. Here too, the entry of the turbulence elements 43 transversely to the central longitudinal axis 14 of the hollow body causes disturbances in the fluid flow, which disturbances can be detected by sensors 45 in the wall of the hollow body. The sensor is arranged in the wall of the hollow body at a distance (distance X) from the spoiler 43.
Fig. 5 shows a flow spoiler 50 with a spoiler 51, which receives a piezo element 52. At a distance from the spoiler 51 with the piezoelectric element 52, a sensor 55 is provided, which is likewise equipped with the piezoelectric element 52 in order to detect disturbances in the fluid induced by the spoiler 50 via the piezoelectric element 52. The sensor 55 is also arranged spaced apart (pitch X) from the spoiler 51.
Claims (19)
1. An apparatus for determining the flow velocity of a fluid in a hollow body (1), comprising at least one flow perturbation device (10, 20, 30, 40, 50) arranged in the hollow body (1) and at least one sensor (15, 25, 35, 45, 55) arranged downstream of the flow perturbation device (10, 20, 30, 40, 50) at a specific distance as seen in the flow direction for determining a disturbance induced in the flow by the flow perturbation device (10, 20, 30, 40, 50),
it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
the flow-disturbing devices (10, 20, 30, 40, 50) have means for generating a variable disturbance in the fluid flow, the at least one flow-disturbing device (30) having a recess (32) in the wall of the hollow body (1), in which recess the flow divider is movably arranged.
2. An apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the flow perturbation means (10, 20, 50) comprises a fluid perturbation body (11, 21, 51).
3. An apparatus as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the spoiler (11, 21) has at least one spoiler element (13, 23) projecting into the volume flow, the spoiler surface of which is variable.
4. A device according to claim 3, characterized in that the at least one spoiler element (13, 23) is movable out of the spoiler body (11, 21) transversely to the flow direction.
5. A device according to any one of claims 2-4, characterized in that the turbulence fluid (11) is designed in a flow-facilitating manner.
6. A device according to claim 3 or 4, characterised in that the spoiler (11) has, seen in the flow direction, at least one sensor (15) for determining a disturbance, spaced apart from the at least one spoiler element (13).
7. Device according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the spoiler (21) has at least one spoiler element (23) resembling an airfoil, which can be swung out counter to the flow direction.
8. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the diverter is designed as a plunger-shaped piece (34).
9. The device according to claim 8, characterized in that the plunger head (34a) of the plunger-shaped element (34) is arranged in the recess (32) spaced apart from the lateral hollow body wall.
10. Apparatus according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the plunger-shaped element (34) is arranged movable in the gap (32) parallel to the longitudinal axis of the hollow body (1).
11. Apparatus according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the plunger-shaped element (34) is arranged movable in the gap (32) transversely to the longitudinal axis of the hollow body (1).
12. An arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the flow perturbation means (40) has at least one flow perturbation element (43) arranged on the wall of the hollow body, which is accessible into the fluid flow transversely to the central longitudinal axis (14) of the hollow body (1).
13. An apparatus according to claim 3 or 4 or 12, characterized in that the at least one spoiler element (13, 23, 43) is adjustable steplessly into the fluid flow.
14. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the sensor (15, 25, 35, 45, 55) for determining a disturbance is designed as a pressure sensor.
15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the pressure sensor is a piezo ceramic sensor.
16. Method for determining the flow rate of a fluid in a hollow body (1) by means of an apparatus according to claim 1,
it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
the time period between the generation of a disturbance by the flow disturbance device (10, 20, 30, 40, 50) and the determination of the disturbance by the sensor (15, 25, 35, 45, 55) can be determined, so that the flow rate can be determined given a predetermined distance between the flow disturbance device (10, 20, 30, 40, 50) and the sensor (15, 25, 35, 45, 55).
17. Method according to claim 16, characterized in that at least one pulse or at least one pulse sequence is induced in the fluid flow by the flow perturbation means (10, 20, 30, 40, 50).
18. The method according to claim 17, characterized in that the at least one pulse or at least one pulse sequence is generated by a piezoelectric element.
19. A method according to claim 17 or 18, wherein the frequency of the individual pulses or the frequency of the pulse train is controllable.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102018119805.1 | 2018-08-15 | ||
DE102018119805.1A DE102018119805B4 (en) | 2018-08-15 | 2018-08-15 | Device and method for determining the flow velocity of a fluid in a hollow body |
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CN110836980A CN110836980A (en) | 2020-02-25 |
CN110836980B true CN110836980B (en) | 2021-12-07 |
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US (1) | US10942049B2 (en) |
CN (1) | CN110836980B (en) |
DE (1) | DE102018119805B4 (en) |
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DE102018119805A1 (en) | 2020-02-20 |
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US10942049B2 (en) | 2021-03-09 |
US20200056913A1 (en) | 2020-02-20 |
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