CN110836654A - Automatic monitoring device and method for underground three-dimensional deformation - Google Patents
Automatic monitoring device and method for underground three-dimensional deformation Download PDFInfo
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- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
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Abstract
The invention discloses an automatic monitoring device and method for underground three-dimensional deformation, belongs to the field of safety monitoring of water conservancy and geotechnical engineering, and comprises a ground deformation monitoring assembly and an underground deformation monitoring chain. The underground deformation monitoring chain comprises a plurality of deformation monitoring units which are serially connected end to end and buried underground. The ground deformation monitoring assembly and each monitoring unit of the underground deformation monitoring chain are connected end to end by adopting a universal joint, a spring-shaped power supply and a communication line; the lower ends of the measuring units of the underground deformation monitoring chain are anchored at underground corresponding depths. The newly derived deformation calculation formula considers the coupling between the ground deformation and the underground deformation and the three-dimensional deformation of the underground measuring points. The invention can monitor three-dimensional deformation of different underground depths with high precision, realize the centralized analysis of measured data of a plurality of deformation monitoring chains in an ad hoc network mode, and provide a basis for analyzing the stability and safety state evaluation of underground engineering or structures.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an automatic monitoring device and method for underground three-dimensional deformation, and belongs to the field of safety monitoring of water conservancy and geotechnical engineering.
Background
For buildings with complex geological conditions, such as goafs, deep overburden layers or buildings containing fault joints for embankments, water transfer projects and the like, the deep deformation of the foundation seriously affects the safe operation of the upper buildings. With the continuous enhancement of underground space utilization, especially the continuous construction of cross buildings, when a water retaining building, a traffic facility or a water transfer project is built on the upper part of a complex foundation, the stability of the foundation and the influence of the foundation on a ground building are key problems in engineering construction and operation. The three-dimensional deformation automatic monitoring of the underground multiple points can provide basis for safety early warning of the underground structure and ground buildings on the underground structure.
The main defects of the current underground deep layer deformation monitoring method are as follows: (1) or the measuring point is supposed to deform only in the horizontal direction, and the settlement in the vertical direction cannot be considered; or the measuring points are supposed to only perform vertical settlement, and the horizontal displacement of the measuring points cannot be monitored at the same time; (2) the deep part deformation cannot be accurately monitored on the assumption that the deep part is absolutely stable when the deep part is still; (3) only manual measurement can be carried out or multi-point unified analysis cannot be carried out. In fact, for deep layer deformation, settlement in the vertical direction and horizontal deformation cannot be ignored at will, the influence of vertical settlement must be considered in addition to horizontal displacement calculation, and mutual coupling effect exists between three-dimensional deformation. Due to the reasons, the existing inclinometer has more approximate calculation formulas and large error. Therefore, the existing monitoring method cannot accurately monitor the underground multipoint three-dimensional deformation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an underground three-dimensional deformation automatic monitoring device which can be attached to soil deformation and can carry out more accurate monitoring on the soil deformation.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: an underground three-dimensional deformation automatic monitoring device comprises a ground deformation monitoring assembly and an underground deformation monitoring chain, wherein the underground deformation monitoring chain comprises a plurality of deformation monitoring units buried underground; the deformation monitoring unit comprises a universal joint, a rod type axial displacement meter, a three-axis accelerometer, a measurement communication module and an anchoring part; the triaxial accelerometer is fixed on the rod type axial displacement meter; one end of the rod-type axial displacement meter is connected with the universal joint, and the other end of the rod-type axial displacement meter is connected with the anchoring body; the rod-type axial displacement meter and the three-axis accelerometer are in communication connection with the measurement communication module; between the two deformation monitoring units, the universal joint of one deformation monitoring unit can be connected with the anchoring body of the other deformation monitoring unit in a rotating manner; the ground deformation monitoring assembly is anchored on the ground of the monitoring position and is connected with the underground deformation monitoring chain through a universal joint of the deformation monitoring unit.
Preferably, the ground deformation monitoring assembly comprises a GNSS and measuring robot prism, an instrument measuring unit module, a power supply module and a wireless communication networking module.
Preferably, the rod-type axial displacement meter is positioned in a corrugated pipe, the universal joint and the communication module are positioned in a protection box, and the protection box is connected with the anchoring body through the corrugated pipe.
Preferably, the triaxial accelerometer is an MEMS triaxial acceleration sensor, the bellows is a corrosion-resistant bellows, and the guide rod is a carbon fiber rod.
The ground deformation monitoring assembly can realize multi-point networking in a wireless ad hoc network mode and realize bidirectional communication with a background computer or a mobile terminal. According to the collected underground information, the rear software can realize the functions of instrument fault diagnosis, fault unit skipping, deformation early warning and the like by combining the historical measured value. The invention adapts and monitors the soil deformation by sectional measurement and the axial length adapts to the soil constraint. By selecting different guide rod lengths and the precision of the sensor, automatic measurement with different precisions can be realized. The arrangement of the corrugated pipe provides flexible protection for the deformation monitoring unit, and simultaneously can not influence the universal joint orbiting and the axial measurement of the axial displacement meter. The deformation monitoring units are connected through the universal joint, so that the rotation of the axial displacement meter around the universal joint is ensured, and the underground deformation can be reflected more accurately. The ground deformation monitoring assembly is connected with the underground deformation monitoring chain through the universal joint, so that the coordinate consistency of the connection end points of the ground deformation monitoring assembly and the underground deformation monitoring chain is ensured, the underground deformation monitoring chain can freely rotate, and each layer of the attached soil body deforms.
The invention also provides an automatic monitoring method of underground multipoint three-dimensional deformation, which can accurately monitor the three-dimensional deformation of different underground parts.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the automatic monitoring method for underground multipoint three-dimensional deformation is realized by adopting the device and comprises the following steps: measuring the ground deformation at the time t by adopting a ground deformation monitoring assembly; calculating to obtain the three-dimensional coordinates of the point A (i) at the lower end of the deformation monitoring unit of the ith layer according to the ground deformation measured at the time t; and obtaining the three-dimensional deformation value of the point A (i) according to the difference between the three-dimensional coordinate of the point A (i) at the time t and the three-dimensional coordinate of the initial time.
Further, setting an X-axis horizontal direction, wherein the positive direction points to the downstream of the dam or the maximum horizontal displacement direction of the ground, the Y direction and the X direction are mutually orthogonal in the same horizontal plane, the positive direction of Z is vertically downward, and O-X-Y-Z forms a right-hand coordinate system; defining a plane vertical to the X coordinate axis as a Y-Z plane, and defining a plane vertical to the Y coordinate axis as an X-Z plane; the lower end of a first-layer underground deformation monitoring unit connected with the ground deformation monitoring assembly is set as A (1), the lower ends of a second-layer underground deformation monitoring unit, a third-layer underground deformation monitoring unit, a … …, a k-1 underground deformation monitoring unit, a k +1 underground deformation monitoring unit and a (2), A (3), … …, A (k-1), A (k +1) point in sequence; defining a coordinate system group as O by using the upper end of each deformation monitoring unit as the origin of coordinates1-X1-Y1-Z1、O2-X2-Y2-Z2、…、Ok-Xk-Yk-Zk、Ok+1-Xk+1-Yk+1-Zk+1Corresponding coordinate axes among the coordinate system groups are parallel to each other; obtaining the ground deformation at the t moment by adopting a ground deformation monitoring assembly, and sequentially recording the components in the direction of the deformation X, Y, Z at the t moment as x0(t)、y0(t) and z0(t)。
Further, at time t, the length L measured by a rod type axial displacement meter in the underground ith layer deformation monitoring unit is Li(t); using triaxial accelerometer in i-th layer of deformation monitoring unit to measure the axis of rod-type axial displacement meterAn attitude angle including a rod axial displacement meter axis and Yi-ZiIncluded angle of face αi(t) and Xi-ZiIncluded angle of face βi(t); according to the ground deformation measured at the time t and the length L of the ith layer deformation monitoring uniti(t) and attitude angle, and calculating to obtain three-dimensional coordinates x of a lower endpoint A (m) point of the ground mth layer deformation monitoring unit at the time tm(t)、ym(t) and zm(t), wherein m is 1,2, … k, k + 1.
Further, the three-dimensional coordinate x of the lower end A (m) point of the m-th layer of the underground deformation monitoring unit at the time tmt、ymtAnd zmtCalculated by the following formula:
the invention can more accurately monitor the three-dimensional deformation of different underground parts by considering the mutual influence between the three-dimensional deformation measurement and deducing the deformation amount from the ground monitoring to the underground
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an underground multipoint three-dimensional deformation monitoring device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 shows a structural view of a deformation monitoring unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a computational schematic of the present invention.
Wherein: the method comprises the following steps of 1-ground deformation monitoring component, 2-GNSS and surveying robot prism, 3-protective box, 4-rod type axial displacement meter movable guide rod, 5-lead, 6-corrugated pipe, 7-universal joint, 8-surveying communication module, 9-three-axis accelerometer, 10-anchoring body, 11-soil body particles and 12-ground.
Detailed Description
For a better understanding of the nature of the invention, its description is further set forth below in connection with the specific embodiments and the drawings.
The invention is suitable for the field of safety monitoring of hydraulic geotechnical engineering, and is particularly suitable for long-term automatic formation area measurement of deep underground deformation.
A specific example structure of the measuring device for underground deformation is shown in figure 1, and comprises a ground deformation monitoring assembly 1 and an underground deformation monitoring chain. The underground deformation monitoring chain comprises a plurality of deformation monitoring units buried underground. As shown in fig. 2, the deformation monitoring unit comprises a gimbal 7, a rod-type axial displacement meter, a three-axis accelerometer 9, a measurement communication module 8 and an anchoring member 10. The measurement communication module 8 and the triaxial accelerometer 9 are fixed on the rod-type axial displacement meter, so that the attitude angle of the rod-type axial displacement meter in the soil body can be accurately measured. The lower end of the rod-type axial displacement meter movable guide rod 4 is connected with the anchoring body 10. The rod-type axial displacement meter and the three-axis accelerometer are in communication connection with the measurement communication module 8. The rod-type axial displacement meter is positioned in the corrugated pipe 6, and the lead 5 of the deformation measuring unit is arranged in the corrugated pipe 6. The universal joint 7 and the measurement communication module 8 are positioned in the protection box 3. The protective box 3 is connected to the anchoring body 10 by means of a bellows 6. The protection box 3 is connected with the anchoring body 10 through the flexible connection of the corrugated pipe 6, and the movable guide rod 4 and the communication and power supply lead 5 are protected, so that the movable guide rod 4 can move freely in the axial direction under the driving of the deformation of the soil body. The movable guide rod 4 can move axially relative to the rod and freely rotate around the universal joint 7 in space under the driving of soil deformation. The movable guide rod 4 is preferably a carbon fiber rod, the carbon fiber rod can adapt to underground severe environment, creep and elastic deformation are small, water erosion and corrosion of other substances are resisted, and no friction exists between the movable guide rod and the corrugated pipe. The conductor 5 includes an RS-485 communication conductor and a DC12V power supply line. The corrugated pipe 6 is a corrosion-resistant corrugated pipe with good elasticity.
Between two deformation monitoring units, wherein the universal joint 7 at the upper end of the lower deformation monitoring unit and the lower anchoring body 10 of the upper deformation monitoring unit can be in winding connection, so that an underground deformation monitoring chain is formed by end-to-end connection.
The ground deformation monitoring assembly 1 is anchored on the ground by adopting an integrated structure and comprises a GNSS and measuring robot prism 2, an instrument measuring unit module, a power supply module and a wireless communication ad hoc network module.
The bottom of the GNSS and the bottom of the measuring robot prism 2 are connected with an underground deformation monitoring chain through a universal joint 7, so that the three-dimensional coordinates of the upper end points of the first layer deformation monitoring units of the ground deformation monitoring assembly 1 and the underground deformation monitoring chain are consistent, but the movable guide rod 4 can rotate freely to adapt to the deformation of a rock and soil body. The GNSS antenna/prism combination 2 is preferably a Leica high precision and stability product. Meanwhile, the anchoring body 10 is provided with the anchoring thorn, and the anchoring thorn can be firmly combined with the soil body, so that the underground deformation can be more accurately reflected.
The length of the movable guide rod 4 is shorter for the part with complex deformation, and the length of the movable guide rod 4 is longer for the part with only vertical deformation. Typically, each layer of the deformation monitoring unit has a length of one meter, as shown in fig. 1, and a total of k +1 deformation monitoring units are arranged. The deformation monitoring units are numbered from the ground downwards and are respectively the 1 st deformation monitoring unit, the 2 nd deformation monitoring unit, the 3 rd deformation monitoring unit, … … and the (k +1) th deformation monitoring unit, and the lengths of the deformation monitoring units on each layer are respectively L1、L2、L3… …, Lk and Lk +1, the lower end of the first layer of deformation monitoring unit is A (1), and the lower ends of the deformation monitoring units extending towards the underground are points A (2), A (3), … …, A (k-1), A (k) and A (k +1) in sequence.
And the measurement communication module 8 in the deformation monitoring unit is responsible for converting signals generated by the triaxial accelerometer 9 and the rod-type axial displacement meter into RS-485 signals and simultaneously finishing uploading and issuing of diagnosis signals and instructions. The converted RS-485 signal is transmitted to an instrument measuring unit module in the ground three-dimensional deformation monitoring assembly 1 through a lead 5. The instrument measurement unit module processes the data and the wireless communication networking module transmits the data. The wireless communication networking module can realize self-adaptive networking with other nodes and a background in various wireless networking modes, and realize bidirectional communication. And the background computer realizes unified data analysis and converts the data into three-dimensional deformation of the measuring points on the surface and the deep layer of the position of the measuring point.
The invention also provides a method for measuring underground deformation, which specifically comprises the following steps:
The displacement components of the ground deformation X, Y, Z direction at the time t measured by the ground deformation monitoring component 1 are recorded as x in sequence0(t)、y0(t) and z0(t)。
And 2, calculating to obtain the three-dimensional coordinates of the points A (i) at the lower end of the i-th layer deformation monitoring unit according to the ground deformation measured at the time t.
At the moment t, the length of the ith layer of deformation monitoring unit is L measured by a rod type axial displacement meter in the ith layer of deformation monitoring uniti(t)；
Obtaining the fixed axis and Y of the rod type displacement meter by adopting a triaxial accelerometer in the ith layer of deformation monitoring uniti-ZiIncluded angle of face αi(t) and the rod type displacement meter axis and Xi-ZiIncluded angle of face βi(t), as shown in FIG. 3;
according to the ground deformation and the i-th layer deformation measured at the moment tLength L of the monitoring uniti(t) and attitude angle αi(t) and βi(t), calculating and obtaining the three-dimensional coordinate x of the lower end A (m) point of the mth layer of the underground deformation monitoring unit at the time tm(t)、ym(t) and zm(t), wherein m is 1,2, …, k, k + 1.
And 3, obtaining a three-dimensional deformation value of the point A (i) according to the difference between the three-dimensional coordinate of the point A (i) at the moment t and the three-dimensional coordinate of the initial moment.
The relative displacement at point t relative to t' in subsurface A (m) is:
if t' is 0 as the initial mounting time, the total three-dimensional deformation value of each point relative to the initial time can be obtained.
When a certain monitoring unit in the ground is found to be in fault, the corresponding measured value is obtained by linear interpolation of the corresponding measured values of the adjacent upper and lower units, and the monitoring of the whole device is not influenced.
It should be noted that while the invention has been described in terms of the above-mentioned embodiments, there are many other embodiments of the invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and it is intended that all such changes and modifications be covered by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides an underground three-dimensional deformation automatic monitoring device which characterized in that: the underground deformation monitoring chain comprises a plurality of deformation monitoring units buried underground; the deformation monitoring unit comprises a universal joint, a rod type axial displacement meter, a three-axis accelerometer, a communication module and an anchoring part; the triaxial accelerometer is fixed on the rod type axial displacement meter; the upper end of the rod-type axial displacement is connected with the universal joint, and the lower end of the rod-type axial displacement is connected with the anchoring body; the rod-type axial displacement meter and the triaxial accelerometer are connected with a measurement communication module in the deformation monitoring unit; between the two deformation monitoring units, the universal joint of the lower deformation monitoring unit is connected with the anchoring body of the upper deformation monitoring unit in a rotating manner through the universal joint; the ground deformation monitoring assembly is anchored on the ground of a monitoring position and is connected with the underground deformation monitoring chain through a universal joint of the underground first-layer deformation monitoring unit.
2. The automatic underground three-dimensional deformation monitoring device according to claim 1, wherein: the ground deformation monitoring assembly comprises a GNSS and measuring robot prism, an instrument measuring unit module, a power supply module and a wireless communication networking module.
3. The automatic underground three-dimensional deformation monitoring device according to claim 1, wherein: the rod-type axial displacement meter is positioned in the corrugated pipe, the universal joint and the communication module are positioned in the protection box, and the protection box is connected with the anchoring body through the corrugated pipe.
4. The automatic underground three-dimensional deformation monitoring device according to claim 3, wherein: the three-axis accelerometer is an MEMS three-axis acceleration sensor, the corrugated pipe is a corrosion-resistant corrugated pipe, and the guide rod is a carbon fiber rod.
5. An automatic underground three-dimensional deformation monitoring method realized by the device of any one of claims 1 to 4, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
measuring the ground deformation at the time t by adopting a ground deformation monitoring assembly;
calculating to obtain the three-dimensional coordinates of the points A (i) at the lower end of the underground ith layer deformation monitoring unit according to the ground deformation measured at the time t;
and obtaining the three-dimensional deformation value of the point A (i) according to the difference between the three-dimensional coordinate of the point A (i) at the moment t and the three-dimensional coordinate of the initial moment.
6. The method for automatically monitoring the underground three-dimensional deformation according to claim 5, wherein: the method for measuring the ground deformation at the time t comprises the following steps:
setting an X-axis horizontal direction, wherein the positive direction points to the downstream of the dam or the maximum horizontal displacement direction of the ground, the Y direction and the X direction are mutually orthogonal in the same horizontal plane, the positive direction of Z is vertically downward, and O-X-Y-Z forms a right-hand coordinate system; defining a plane vertical to the X coordinate axis as a Y-Z plane, and defining a plane vertical to the Y coordinate axis as an X-Z plane; the lower end of a first layer of deformation monitoring unit connected with the ground deformation monitoring assembly is A (1), the lower end of a second layer of deformation monitoring unit is A (2), and the lower ends of deformation monitoring units of all layers are sequentially A (3), … …, A (k-1), A (k) and A (k + 1); defining a coordinate system group as O by taking the universal joint at the upper end of each deformation monitoring unit as a coordinate origin1-X1-Y1-Z1、O2-X2-Y2-Z2、…、Ok-Xk-Yk-Zk、Ok+1-Xk+1-Yk+1-Zk+1The coordinate system sets are parallel to each other; obtaining the ground deformation at the time t by adopting a ground deformation monitoring assembly, wherein the ground deformation is that the displacement components of the ground deformation monitoring assembly at the time t in the X, Y, Z direction are recorded as x in sequence0(t)、y0(t) and z0(t)。
7. The method for automatically monitoring the underground three-dimensional deformation according to claim 6, wherein: the step of calculating the three-dimensional coordinates of the point A (i) at the lower end of the i-th layer of deformation monitoring unit comprises the following steps:
at the moment t, a rod-type axial displacement meter in the ith layer of deformation monitoring unit is adopted to obtain the length L of the ith layer of deformation monitoring uniti(t)；
Measuring the attitude angle of the axis of a rod type axial displacement meter fixed by a triaxial accelerometer in an ith layer of deformation monitoring unit, wherein the attitude angle comprises the axis of the rod type axial displacement meter and Yi-ZiIncluded angle of face αi(t) and Xi-ZiIncluded angle of face βi(t)；
According to the ground deformation measured at the moment t and the length L of the ith layer deformation monitoring uniti(t) and attitude angle, and calculating to obtain three-dimensional coordinate component x of point A (m) at the lower end of the m-th layer of the underground deformation monitoring unit at the time tm(t)、ym(t) and zm(t), wherein m is 1,2, …, k, k + 1.
8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the time t is the three-dimensional coordinate x of the lower end A (m) of the m-th layer deformation monitoring unit in the groundm(t)、ym(t) and zm(t) is calculated from the following formula:
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| CN113514025A (en) * | 2021-04-22 | 2021-10-19 | 水利部南京水利水文自动化研究所 | Geomagnetic and offset synchronous correction method and system for deep true three-dimensional deformation monitoring |
| CN114739355A (en) * | 2022-04-12 | 2022-07-12 | 深圳市德传技术有限公司 | Landslide monitoring method, system and medium based on GNSS and triaxial accelerometer |
| WO2023186796A1 (en) | 2022-03-28 | 2023-10-05 | Technische Universiteit Delft | System and method for monitoring subsurface vertical dynamics |
| CN117419669A (en) * | 2023-10-25 | 2024-01-19 | 广州开发区建设工程检测中心有限公司 | Soil body deep horizontal displacement monitoring devices based on opposite side range finding |
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Application publication date: 20200225 |