CN110825638A - Test case generation method and device, server and storage medium - Google Patents

Test case generation method and device, server and storage medium Download PDF

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CN110825638A
CN110825638A CN201911087565.7A CN201911087565A CN110825638A CN 110825638 A CN110825638 A CN 110825638A CN 201911087565 A CN201911087565 A CN 201911087565A CN 110825638 A CN110825638 A CN 110825638A
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test
function
requirement
service
test case
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CN110825638B (en
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孙志斌
付佳
李政
蔡森
何一帆
付静
赵娜
王丝语
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Agricultural Bank of China
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Agricultural Bank of China
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F11/00Error detection; Error correction; Monitoring
    • G06F11/36Preventing errors by testing or debugging software
    • G06F11/3668Software testing
    • G06F11/3672Test management
    • G06F11/3684Test management for test design, e.g. generating new test cases
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P90/00Enabling technologies with a potential contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
    • Y02P90/30Computing systems specially adapted for manufacturing

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Abstract

The invention provides a test case generation method, a test case generation device, a server and a storage medium, wherein a preset function granularity is taken as a division unit to carry out function division on a service to obtain at least one function, test information of the function is generated by extracting field values of fields in a preset function analysis template from the function, a first test requirement of the function and a first test case for covering the first test requirement are generated according to the test information of the function, a second test requirement of the service and a test case for covering the second test requirement are generated according to the requirement of the service, and the second test requirement is related to the calling relation among the functions in the service. The technical scheme provided by the invention not only can comprehensively analyze the test requirements of the business, but also can generate the corresponding test requirements and test cases which can comprehensively cover the test requirements, thereby improving the test quality and the test efficiency.

Description

Test case generation method and device, server and storage medium
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of software testing, in particular to a test case generation method, a test case generation device, a server and a storage medium.
Background
With the deep application of informatization in commercial banking, the requirement on the test quality of software is continuously improved, and the software test generally comprises four stages of test planning, test design, test execution and test summary. The test design is mainly designed according to test requirements, and analysis of the test requirements and design of the test cases are important links influencing test quality.
The existing analysis of test requirements and the design of test cases mainly depend on the personal experience of testers, but the analysis of the test requirements is not comprehensive easily caused by the dependence on the personal experience of the testers, so that the test quality is influenced, and the test efficiency is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the present invention provides a test case generation method, an apparatus, a server and a storage medium, so as to solve the problem that the analysis of the test requirement is not comprehensive due to the dependence on the personal experience of the tester, which not only affects the test quality, but also reduces the test efficiency.
The technical scheme is as follows:
the first aspect of the invention discloses a test case generation method, which comprises the following steps:
performing function segmentation on the service by taking preset function granularity as a segmentation unit to obtain at least one function; the function granularity comprises an adding function, a deleting function, a modifying function and a querying function;
extracting field values of fields in a preset function analysis template from the functions to generate test information of the functions; the fields include a first field for characterizing basic information of the function, a second field for characterizing divisible elements of the function, and a third field for characterizing inseparable elements of the function;
generating a first test requirement of the function and a first test case for covering the first test requirement according to the test information of the function; the first test requirements comprise element-level test requirements for testing the legality of the input attribute of the functional input item and function-level test requirements for testing the service value of the functional input item, and the function-level test requirements comprise function-level test requirements of separable elements and function-level test requirements of non-separable elements;
and generating a second test requirement of the service and a test case for covering the second test requirement according to the requirement of the service, wherein the second test requirement is related to the call relation between the functions in the service.
Optionally, the performing function segmentation on the service by using the preset function granularity as a segmentation unit to obtain at least one function includes:
performing function segmentation on the service to obtain at least one function category;
dividing the service function in the function category to obtain at least one sub-function category;
and dividing the service functions in the sub-function category by taking preset function granularity as a division unit to obtain at least one function, wherein each function in the at least one function is the function granularity.
Optionally, the generating a first test requirement of the function and a first test case for covering the first test requirement according to the test information of the function includes:
extracting a field value of a first field matched with a first variable in a preset first test requirement template from the test information of the function, assigning the field value of the first field to the first variable, and generating a first test requirement of the function;
and extracting a field value of a second field matched with a second variable in a preset first test case template from the test information of the function, assigning the field value of the second field to the second variable, and generating first test cases of the function, wherein each generated first test case is used for covering each generated first test requirement.
Optionally, the first test case for performing the forward value test on the input item covers a first test requirement for performing a reasonable equivalence class test on the input item, and the first test case for performing the reverse value test on the input item covers a first test requirement for performing an unreasonable equivalence class test on the input item.
Optionally, the method further includes:
selecting at least one first test case from the first test cases, wherein the at least one first test case is a forward combined test case of each separable input element in the first test cases;
determining a test requirement for each of the at least one first test case;
determining at least one target first test case from the at least one first test case, wherein the at least one target first test case is a set of the least number of first test cases from the at least one first test case for covering the test requirements of the at least one first test case.
Optionally, the generating a second test requirement of the service and a test case for covering the second test requirement according to the requirement of the service includes:
responding to a drawing operation which is executed on at least one preset assembly by a user according to a preset drawing specification of the flow chart based on the requirement of the service, and generating a test flow chart of the service;
analyzing the test flow chart to obtain at least one direct connection path;
and generating a second test requirement of the direct connection path and a second test case for covering the second test requirement of the direct connection path aiming at each direct connection path.
Optionally, the analyzing the test flowchart to obtain at least one direct connection path includes:
judging whether the test flow chart is a connected chart or not;
if the test flow chart is a connected chart, carrying out ring-opening on the test flow chart to obtain an acyclic chart and a loop chart;
carrying out direct connection path analysis operation on the acyclic graph to obtain a direct connection path;
and performing loop straightening operation on the loop diagram to obtain a direct connection path.
The second aspect of the present invention discloses a test case generating apparatus, including:
the segmentation unit is used for performing function segmentation on the service by taking preset function granularity as a segmentation unit to obtain at least one function; the function granularity comprises an adding function, a deleting function, a modifying function and a querying function;
the test information generating unit is used for extracting field values of fields in a preset function analysis template from the functions to generate test information of the functions; the fields include a first field for characterizing basic information of the function, a second field for characterizing divisible elements of the function, and a third field for characterizing inseparable elements of the function;
the first generating unit is used for generating a first test requirement of the function and a first test case for covering the first test requirement according to the test information of the function; the first test requirements comprise element-level test requirements for testing the legality of the input attribute of the functional input item and function-level test requirements for testing the service value of the functional input item, and the function-level test requirements comprise function-level test requirements of separable elements and function-level test requirements of non-separable elements;
and the second generating unit is used for generating a second test requirement of the service and a test case for covering the second test requirement according to the requirement of the service, wherein the second test requirement is related to the calling relationship among the functions in the service.
A third aspect of the present invention discloses a server, comprising: at least one memory and at least one processor; the memory stores a program, and the processor invokes the program stored in the memory, where the program is used to implement the test case generating method disclosed in any one of the first aspects of the present invention.
A fourth aspect of the present invention discloses a storage medium having stored therein computer-executable instructions for performing a test case generation method as disclosed in any one of the first aspects of the present invention described above.
Compared with the prior art, the embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a test case generation method, a test case generation device, a server and a storage medium, wherein at least one function is obtained by performing function segmentation on a service by taking preset function granularity as a segmentation unit, the function granularity comprises an adding function, a deleting function, a modifying function and an inquiring function, then field values of fields in a preset function analysis template are extracted from the functions to generate test information of the functions, the fields comprise a first field used for representing basic information of the functions, a second field used for representing separable elements of the functions and a third field used for representing non-separable elements of the functions, then a first test requirement of the functions and a first test case used for covering the first test requirement are generated according to the test information of the functions, and the first test requirement comprises an element-level test requirement used for testing the legality of input attributes of function input items and a service case used for testing the service of the function input items And finally, generating a second test requirement of the service and a test case for covering the second test requirement according to the requirement of the service, wherein the second test requirement is related to the calling relationship among the functions in the service. According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, the test information of the function is generated by extracting the field value of the field in the preset function analysis template from the function obtained by carrying out function segmentation on the service by taking the preselected function granularity as the segmentation unit, so that the first test requirement of the function and the first test case for covering the first test requirement can be generated according to the generated test information, and the second test requirement of the service and the test case for covering the second test requirement can be generated according to the requirement of the service, so that the test requirement of the service can be comprehensively analyzed, the corresponding test requirement and the test case for comprehensively covering the test requirement can be generated, and the test quality and the test efficiency are improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flowchart of a test case generation method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a method for performing function segmentation on a service to obtain at least one function by using a preset function granularity as a segmentation unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating a first test requirement and a method for generating a first test case according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic flowchart of a method for determining at least one target first test case according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating a method for generating a second test requirement of a business according to a requirement of the business and a test case for covering the second test requirement according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a test flow chart according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram illustrating a test flow chart according to an embodiment of the present invention, which is obtained by analyzing the test flow chart to obtain at least one direct connection path;
fig. 8 is a flowchart illustrating a method for obtaining at least one direct connection path by analyzing a test flowchart according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a loop-free diagram and a loop diagram obtained by performing loop opening on a test flowchart according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a test case generating apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a server according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the present invention, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
As can be seen from the above background art, in the prior art, testing requirements are mainly analyzed by testing personnel according to their own experience, and a test case is designed. However, depending on the personal experience of the tester, the analysis of the test requirements is not comprehensive, which not only affects the test quality, but also reduces the test efficiency.
In view of the above, the invention provides a test case generation method, a test case generation device, a server and a storage medium, and by improving a test requirement generation process and a test case generation process, the test requirement of a service can be comprehensively analyzed, the test requirement can be generated, and a test case which comprehensively covers the test requirement can be generated, so that the test quality and the test efficiency are improved.
As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a flow diagram of a test case generation method, where the test case generation method includes the following steps:
s101: and performing function segmentation on the service by taking the preset function granularity as a segmentation unit to obtain at least one function.
Wherein, the function granularity comprises an adding function, a deleting function, a modifying function and a querying function.
It should be noted that the service may be a login service, a registration service, and the like, and may be set according to actual applications, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present invention.
In the specific execution process of step S101, at least one function obtained by performing function division on the service with the preset function granularity as a division unit may be any one or more of an add function, a delete function, a modify function, and an inquiry function.
It should be noted that, in the process of performing function segmentation on a service by using a preset function granularity as a segmentation unit, the function directory combing specification needs to be met. The functional directory combing specification is as follows: the integrity of the service is maintained in the decomposition process; keeping the division standards under the same division standard uniform in the decomposition process; the system menu design and the prior decomposition experience can be referred; identifying effective services, namely services which are in the construction range of the system and can be tested, finding special services, namely associating system interfaces, marking repeated services, wherein the repeated services are not decomposable; the last layer, i.e., the function level to be tested, needs to be of standard granularity, i.e., the function granularity.
S102: and extracting test information of the function generated by the field values of the fields in the preset function analysis template from the function.
Wherein the fields include a first field for characterizing basic information of the function, a second field for characterizing the function dividable element, and a third field for characterizing the function inseparable element.
In specifically performing step S102, a field value of a first field of basic information for characterizing a function, a field value of a second field of separable elements for characterizing a function, and a field value of a third field of inseparable elements for characterizing a function in a preset function analysis template are extracted from the function, and test information of the function is generated based on the extracted field value of the first field of basic information for characterizing the function, the field value of the second field of separable elements for characterizing the function, and the field value of the third field of inseparable elements for characterizing the function.
It should be noted that the field values of the fields in the preset function analysis template are extracted from the functions as field information.
In this embodiment of the present application, one or more first fields of the basic information for characterizing the function may be used, for example, the first field of the basic information for characterizing the function may be any one or more of a function field (test requirement name), a requirement basis field, and a field for filling in a business field; the second field of the separable element for characterizing the function may be one field or a plurality of fields, for example, the second field of the separable element for characterizing the function may be any one or more of an input element field, an input attribute field, a default value field or not, and an item necessary field or not; for example, the third field of the indivisible element for characterizing the function may be any one or more of an indivisible element group number field, an input element field, an input attribute field, and an unreasonable value field (values are separated by a chinese semicolon if there are multiple values). Correspondingly, when the first field for characterizing the basic information of the function is a function field (test requirement name), the field value of the first field in the preset function analysis template extracted from the function can be function 1, function 2 or function 3, when the first field for characterizing the basic information of the function is a requirement-based field, the field value of the first field in the preset function analysis template extracted from the function can be 'requirement-based DQMS2016_ S _ ZGSX _ AAAA' or 'requirement-based DQMS2016_ S _ ZGSX _ AABB', and when the first field for characterizing the basic information of the function is a test requirement number field, the field value of the first field in the preset function analysis template extracted from the function can be an operation and basic service; when the second field of the separable elements for characterizing the function is the input element field, the field value of the second field in the function analysis template set in advance extracted from the function may be separable 1-1, separable 1-2 or separable 2-3, when the second field of the separable elements for characterizing the function is an input attribute field, the field value of the second field in the function analysis template preset by the function is extracted from the function can be a drop-down list, a text box or a check, when the second field of the separable elements for characterizing the function is a default field, the field value of the second field in the function analysis template set in advance extracted from the function may be yes or no, when a second field of the separable elements for characterizing the function is a necessary input field, extracting a field value of the second field in a preset function analysis template from the function can be yes or no; when the third field of the indivisible elements for characterizing the function is an indivisible element group number field, the field value of the third field in the preset function analysis template extracted from the function may be 1, 2 or 3, when the third field of the indivisible elements for characterizing the function is an input element field, the field value of the third field in the preset function analysis template extracted from the function may be indivisible 1-1a, indivisible 1-1b or indivisible 1-1c, when the third field of the indivisible elements for characterizing the function is an input attribute field, the field value of the third field in the preset function analysis template extracted from the function may be a drop-down list, a text box or a check, when the third field of the indivisible elements for characterizing the function is an unreasonable value field (values are separated by Chinese divisions if there are multiple values), the field value of a third field in the function analysis template preset by extracting the function from the function can be 'reverse 1'; reverse 2 "," reverse a; reverse b ", reverse 1, or reverse a. The present invention can be set according to practical applications, and the embodiments of the present invention are not limited.
S103: a first test requirement of the function and a first test case for covering the first test requirement are generated according to the test information of the function.
The first test requirement comprises an element level test requirement for testing the legality of the input attribute of the function input item and a function level test requirement for performing service value of the function input item, and the function level test requirement comprises a function level test requirement of a separable element and a function level test requirement of an inseparable element. Accordingly, when the first test requirement is an element-level test requirement, the first test case is an element-level test case for covering the element-level test requirement, and when the first test requirement is a function-level test requirement, the first test case is a function-level test case for covering the function-level test case.
It should be noted that the service value of the functional input item can be subjected to the function level test only when the input attribute of the input item is legal.
It should be noted that the function entry attribute includes a drop-down box, a text box, a check, a date, whether an entry is necessary, whether a default value is set, and the like.
It should be further noted that, for the functional level test requirement of the separable elements, the functional level rule of the functional input item mainly focuses on the service value and the service value interval; for the functional level test requirements of the indivisible elements, the functional level rules of the functional input items mainly concern the combination of the service values and the service value intervals.
In the specific execution process of step S103, a field value of a field matched with a variable in a preset first test requirement template is extracted from the test information of the function, and the extracted field value is assigned to the corresponding variable, so as to generate a first test requirement of the function and a first test case for covering the first test requirement.
S104: and generating a second test requirement of the service and a test case for covering the second test requirement according to the requirement of the service, wherein the second test requirement is related to the calling relationship among the functions in the service.
It should be noted that the second test requirement may be a process-level test requirement, and the corresponding test case for covering the second test requirement may be a process-level test case for covering the process-level test requirement. The present invention can be set according to practical applications, and the embodiments of the present invention are not limited.
It should be noted that the service may be a login service, a registration service, or the like, and when the service is a login service, the service may require to modify a password. The service and the service requirement can be set according to the actual application, and the embodiment of the invention is not limited.
In the specific process of executing step S104, a service test flowchart is generated by responding to a drawing operation performed by a user on at least one preset component based on a service requirement according to a preset flowchart drawing specification, and then a second test case of a second test requirement of the service and a second test requirement for covering the second test requirement is generated according to the drawn test flowchart and a call relationship between functions in the service.
It should be noted that, the preset at least one component is at least one icon, and the at least one icon includes: the start event icon, the end event icon, the activity (task) icon, and the like may be set according to an actual application, and the embodiment of the present invention is not limited.
It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present invention, step 102 and step S104 may be executed in a predetermined sequence, or may be executed simultaneously, and the embodiment of the present invention is not limited.
The invention provides a test case generation method, firstly, performing function segmentation on a service by taking preset function granularity as a segmentation unit to obtain at least one function, wherein the function granularity comprises an adding function, a deleting function, a modifying function and an inquiring function, secondly, extracting field values of fields in a preset function analysis template from the function to generate test information of the function, the fields comprise a first field for representing basic information of the function, a second field for representing separable elements of the function and a third field for representing inseparable elements of the function, then generating a first test requirement of the function and a first test case for covering the first test requirement according to the test information of the function, the first test requirement comprises an element level test requirement for testing the legality of input attributes of the function input item and a service level test requirement for testing the service value of the function input item, and finally, generating a second test requirement of the service and a test case for covering the second test requirement according to the requirement of the service, wherein the second test requirement is related to the calling relationship among the functions in the service. According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, the test information of the function is generated by extracting the field value of the field in the preset function analysis template from the function obtained by carrying out function segmentation on the service by taking the preselected function granularity as the segmentation unit, so that the first test requirement of the function and the first test case for covering the first test requirement can be generated according to the generated test information, and the second test requirement of the service and the test case for covering the second test requirement can be generated according to the requirement of the service, so that the test requirement of the service can be comprehensively analyzed, the corresponding test requirement and the test case for comprehensively covering the test requirement can be generated, and the test quality and the test efficiency are improved.
In the foregoing embodiment of the present invention, step S101 disclosed in fig. 1 is to perform function segmentation on a service by using a preset function granularity as a segmentation unit to obtain at least one function, as shown in fig. 2, and includes the following steps:
s201: and performing function segmentation on the service to obtain at least one function category.
It should be noted that, in the process of dividing the service into at least one function category, the function category is required to be in compliance with the function catalog combing specification.
S202: and dividing the service function in the function category to obtain at least one sub-function category.
It should be noted that, in the process of dividing the service function in the function category to obtain at least one sub-function category, the function directory combing specification needs to be met.
In the specific process of executing step S202, at least one sub-function category obtained by dividing the service function in the function category is at least one function group, and one function group may include at least one function.
S203: and dividing the service functions in the sub-function category by taking the preset function granularity as a division unit to obtain at least one function.
It should be noted that each function of the at least one function is a function granularity. Wherein, the function granularity comprises an adding function, a deleting function, a modifying function and a querying function. That is, each of the at least one function is any one of an add function, a delete function, a modify function, and a query function.
In the specific process of executing step S203, the subclass function category, that is, at least one function obtained by dividing the services in the function group, may be any one or more of an add function, a delete function, a modify function, and a query function, with the preset function granularity as a division unit.
In the embodiment of the invention, at least one sub-function category is obtained by further dividing the function category obtained by dividing the service into functions, and the service function in the sub-function category is divided by taking the preset function granularity as a dividing unit, so that at least one function obtained by dividing the service can be obtained.
In the above embodiment of the present invention, step S103 disclosed in fig. 1 generates a first test requirement of a function and a first test case for covering the first test requirement according to the test information of the function, as shown in fig. 3, including the following steps:
s301: and extracting a field value of a first field matched with a first variable in a preset first test requirement template from the test information of the function, assigning the field value of the first field to the first variable, and generating a first test requirement of the function.
It should be noted that the first test requirement includes: the first test requirements comprise element-level test requirements for testing the legality of the input attribute of the functional input item and function-level test requirements for testing the service value of the functional input item, and the function-level test requirements comprise function-level test requirements of separable elements and function-level test requirements of non-separable elements.
For example, when the first test requirement is a function level test requirement of a separable element, a field value of a first field matching a first variable in a preset first test requirement template is extracted from the test information of the function, and the field value of the first field is assigned to the first variable, so as to generate the function level test requirement of the separable element of the function, which is specifically shown in table 1.
Table 1:
Figure BDA0002265890110000111
Figure BDA0002265890110000121
the input elements, the input attributes, the default values, the necessary input items, the business rules and the unreasonable values are first fields matched with first variables in a preset first test template, and the contents in the lines 4 to 6 are field values of the first fields matched with the first variables in the preset first test requirement template, which are extracted from the function test information.
S302: and extracting a field value of a second field matched with a second variable in a preset first test case template from the functional test information, assigning the field value of the second field to first test cases with the function of generating the second variable, and using each generated first test case to cover each generated first test case.
It should be noted that the first test case includes: element level test cases and function level test cases.
Furthermore, it should be noted that the first test case for performing the forward value test on the input item covers a first test requirement for performing a reasonable equivalence class test on the input item, the first test case for performing the forward value test on the input item is a functional level test case, the first test requirement for performing the reasonable equivalence class test on the input item is an element level test requirement, and the corresponding test case is an element level test case, so that the first test case for performing the forward value test on the input item covers the first test requirement for performing the reasonable equivalence class test on the input item, that is, the functional level test case performs reduction on the element level test case.
It should also be noted that the first test case for reverse-valued testing of an entry covers the first test requirement for unreasonably equivalent-like testing of an entry.
For a better understanding of the above, the following is exemplified:
for example, when the first test case is an element-level test case, in the process of generating the element-level test case, only the element-level test case of the input item unreasonable equivalence class test corresponding to the element-level test requirement of the input item unreasonable equivalence class test is generated, and the element-level test case of the input item reasonable equivalence class test corresponding to the element-level test requirement of the input item reasonable equivalence class test is not generated, which is specifically shown in table 2.
Table 2:
Figure BDA0002265890110000131
the input attribute and the unreasonable equivalence class are obtained by extracting a second field matched with a second variable in a preset first test case template from functional test information, and the content in the lines 2 to 9 is obtained by extracting a field value of the second field matched with the second variable in the preset first test case template from functional test information.
In the embodiment of the invention, the functional first test requirement is generated by extracting the field value of the first field matched with the first variable in the preset first test requirement template from the functional test information, and the field value of the second field matched with the second variable in the preset first test case template is extracted from the functional test information to generate the first test case for covering each generated first test requirement, so that the test case for completely covering the test requirement can be generated, and the test quality and the test efficiency are improved.
Optionally, on the basis of the test case generating method disclosed above in the present invention, referring to fig. 4, a flowchart of a method for determining at least one target first test case provided in the embodiment of the present invention is shown, where the method further includes:
s401: at least one first test case is selected from the first test cases.
It should be noted that at least one of the first test cases is a forward combined test case of each separable input element in the first test case.
In the specific implementation of step S401, at least one separable input element forward combination test case is selected from the first test cases.
S402: the test requirements of each of the at least one first test case are determined.
S403: at least one target first test case is determined from the at least one first test case, the at least one target first test case being a set of the least number of first test cases of the at least one first test case for covering the test requirements of the at least one first test case.
It should be noted that, since the forward combination of the separable input elements is a function-level test case, at least one first test case is a function-level test case, that is, the first test case is a function-level test case. Determining at least one target first test case from the at least one first test case, wherein the at least one target first test case is a set of the least number of first test cases used for covering the test requirement of the at least one first test case in the at least one first test case, that is, performing reduction between the functional-level test cases.
In the specific execution of step S403, at least one target first test case is determined from the at least one first test case, i.e. at least one target test case is determined from the respective separable input elements forward combination test case.
For a better understanding of the above, the following examples are given.
For example, when the first test case is a function-level test case, at least one separable input element forward combination test case is selected from the function-level test cases, the test requirements of each separable input element forward combination test case in each separable input element forward combination test case are determined, as shown in table 3, and the at least one target first test case for covering the test requirements of the at least one separable input element forward combination test case is determined from the at least one separable input element forward combination test case based on the test requirements, as shown in table 4.
Table 3:
AA BB CC DD
C1 AA BB
C2 CC
C3 CC DD
C4 BB
C5 AA
C6 BB CC
C7 CC
C8 DD
wherein, C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7 and C8 are 8 separable input element forward combined test cases selected from the function level test cases, and AA, BB, CC and DD are the test requirements of each separable input element forward combined test case in the 8 separable input element forward combined test cases.
Table 4:
AA BB CC DD
C1 AA BB
C3 CC DD
wherein C1 and C3 mark the first test case for 2 items determined from the 8 separable input element forward combination test cases to cover the test requirements of the 8 separable input element forward combination test cases based on the test requirements.
Further, as can be seen from tables 3 and 4, only two forward combination test cases of the separable input elements C1 and C3 are needed to cover AA, BB, CC, DD4 test requirements, and therefore, only two target first test cases of C1 and C3 need to be generated in the process of generating the first test case.
In the embodiment of the invention, at least one first test case is selected from the first test cases, the test requirements of each first test case in the at least one test case are determined, and the target first test case with the minimum quantity for covering the test requirements of the at least one first test case is determined from the at least one first test case based on the requirements of each first test case, so that a plurality of the at least one first test cases can be replaced by a small quantity of the target first test cases, and the test efficiency is further improved.
In the above embodiment of the present invention, step S104 disclosed in fig. 1 generates the second test requirement of the service and the test case for covering the second test requirement according to the requirement of the service, as shown in fig. 5, includes the following steps:
s501: and responding to the drawing operation which is executed on at least one preset assembly by the user according to the preset drawing specification of the flow chart based on the service requirement, and generating the test flow chart of the service.
It should be noted that the preset flow chart drawing specification is as follows: the whole test flow chart must be a connectivity chart; the names of all components in the test flow chart cannot be the same; allowing a loop to exist in the test flow chart; the text labels in each component in the test flow chart cannot have a line feed.
It should be noted that, the preset at least one component is at least one icon, and the at least one icon includes: the start event icon, the end event icon, the step (function) icon, and the like may be set according to the actual application, and the embodiment of the present invention is not limited.
It should be further noted that, in the entire test flowchart, only one start event icon may exist, and at least one end event icon may exist.
In the specific process of executing step S501, a response is used to draw a specification according to a preset flowchart, and perform a drawing operation on at least one preset component based on the requirement of the service, a preset table of contents of functions related to the service, and a call relationship between each function in the service, so as to generate a test flowchart of the service.
S502: and analyzing the test flow chart to obtain at least one direct connection path.
In the specific process of executing step S502, the test flowchart is analyzed based on a depth-first search algorithm to obtain at least one direct connection path.
It should be noted that Depth-First-search (DFS) is a method that is used more in developing the crawler, and aims to reach the leaf node of the searched structure.
In order to better understand the contents of step S501 and step S502, the following description is made by way of example.
For example, when a preset function granularity is used as a partition unit to perform function partition on a service to obtain 6 functions, a response is used to draw a specification according to a preset flow chart, and a drawing operation is performed on at least one preset component based on the requirement of the service, a preset content table of the functions related to the service, and a call relation between the functions in the service, so as to generate a test flow chart of the service, which is specifically shown in fig. 6, and then the test flow chart is analyzed based on a depth-first search algorithm to obtain at least one direct connection path, which is specifically shown in fig. 7.
S503: and generating a second test case of the second test requirement of the direct connection path and the second test case for covering the second test requirement of the direct connection path for each direct connection path.
In the specific process of step S503, for each direct connection path, a second test case of the second test requirement of the direct connection path and the second test requirement for covering the direct connection path is generated, that is, for one direct connection path, one second test requirement and a second test case for covering the second test requirement of the direct connection path may be generated.
For example, when the test flowchart is analyzed based on the depth-first search algorithm to obtain 3 direct connection paths, the second test requirements corresponding to each direct connection path and the second test cases for covering the second test requirements of the direct connection path may be correspondingly generated, that is, three second test requirements and three second test cases for covering the second test requirements of the direct connection path are generated.
In the embodiment of the invention, the drawing operation is executed on the drawing specification according to the preset flow chart, the service requirement and at least one preset component, the generated test flow chart of the service is analyzed to obtain at least one direct connection channel, and a second test requirement of the direct connection channel and a second test case for covering the second test requirement of the direct connection channel are generated aiming at each direct connection channel.
In the foregoing embodiment of the present invention, step S502 disclosed in fig. 5 analyzes the test flowchart to obtain at least one direct connection path, and as shown in fig. 8, includes the following steps:
s801: and judging whether the test flow chart is a connected chart.
If the test flowchart is a connectivity graph, step S802 is executed.
S802: and (4) carrying out ring-opening on the test flow chart to obtain a loop-free chart and a loop chart.
In the specific process of executing step S802, the test flow is analyzed based on the depth-first search algorithm to obtain an acyclic graph and a cyclic graph.
For a better understanding of the above, the following is exemplified:
for example, taking the test flowchart shown in fig. 6 as an example, fig. 9 shows a loop-free diagram and a loop diagram obtained by executing the analytic test flowchart executed in the embodiment of the present invention on the test flowchart.
S803: and carrying out direct connection path analysis operation on the acyclic graph to obtain a direct connection path.
S804: and performing loop straightening operation on the loop diagram to obtain a direct connection path.
It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present invention, step 803 and step 804 may be executed in a predetermined sequence, or may be executed simultaneously, and the embodiment of the present invention is not limited.
In the embodiment of the invention, when a user responds to the drawing operation executed on at least one preset assembly by a user according to the preset drawing specification of the flow chart based on the service requirement and a test flow chart of the service is generated to be a connected chart, the direct connection path is obtained by performing direct connection path analysis operation on an acyclic graph obtained by de-looping the test flow chart and performing loop direct-connection path changing operation on the cyclic graph.
Corresponding to the test case generating method disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 10, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a schematic structural diagram of a test case generating device, where the test case generating device 1000 includes:
a dividing unit 1001, configured to perform function division on a service to obtain at least one function, where a preset function granularity is used as a division unit; the function granularity includes an add function, a delete function, a modify function, and a query function.
A test information generating unit 1002, configured to extract, from the functions, test information of a function generating function of a field value of a field in a preset function analysis template; the fields include a first field for characterizing basic information of the function, a second field for characterizing a separable element of the function, and a third field for characterizing an inseparable element of the function.
A first generating unit 1003, configured to generate a first test requirement for the function and a first test case for covering the first test requirement according to the test information of the function; the first test requirements comprise element-level test requirements for testing the legality of the input attribute of the functional input item and function-level test requirements for testing the service value of the functional input item, and the function-level test requirements comprise function-level test requirements of separable elements and function-level test requirements of non-separable elements.
The second generating unit 1004 is configured to generate a second test requirement of the service and a test case for covering the second test requirement according to the requirement of the service, where the second test requirement is related to a call relationship between each function in the service.
The specific principle and the execution process of each unit in the test case generation device disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention are the same as those of the test case generation method disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention, and reference may be made to corresponding parts in the test case generation method disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention, which are not described herein again.
The invention provides a test case generating device, firstly, performing function segmentation on a service by taking preset function granularity as a segmentation unit to obtain at least one function, wherein the function granularity comprises an adding function, a deleting function, a modifying function and an inquiring function, secondly, extracting field values of fields in a preset function analysis template from the function to generate test information of the function, the fields comprise a first field for representing basic information of the function, a second field for representing separable elements of the function and a third field for representing inseparable elements of the function, then generating a first test requirement of the function and a first test case for covering the first test requirement according to the test information of the function, the first test requirement comprises an element level test requirement for testing the legality of input attributes of the function input item and a service level test requirement for testing the service value of the function input item, and finally, generating a second test requirement of the service and a test case for covering the second test requirement according to the requirement of the service, wherein the second test requirement is related to the calling relationship among the functions in the service. According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, the test information of the function is generated by extracting the field value of the field in the preset function analysis template from the function obtained by carrying out function segmentation on the service by taking the preselected function granularity as the segmentation unit, so that the first test requirement of the function and the first test case for covering the first test requirement can be generated according to the generated test information, and the second test requirement of the service and the test case for covering the second test requirement can be generated according to the requirement of the service, so that the test requirement of the service can be comprehensively analyzed, the corresponding test requirement and the test case for comprehensively covering the test requirement can be generated, and the test quality and the test efficiency are improved.
Preferably, the dividing unit 1001 includes: a first segmentation subunit, a second segmentation subunit, and a third segmentation subunit.
And the first segmentation subunit is used for performing function segmentation on the service to obtain at least one function category.
And the second division subunit is used for dividing the service function in the function class to obtain at least one sub-function class.
And the third segmentation subunit is configured to segment the service functions in the sub-function category by using a preset function granularity as a segmentation unit to obtain at least one function, where each function in the at least one function is the function granularity.
In the embodiment of the invention, at least one sub-function category is obtained by further dividing the function category obtained by dividing the service into functions, and the service function in the sub-function category is divided by taking the preset function granularity as a dividing unit, so that at least one function obtained by dividing the service can be obtained.
Preferably, the first generating unit 1003 includes: the test system comprises a first test requirement generating unit and a first test case generating unit.
The first test requirement generating unit is used for extracting a field value of a first field matched with a first variable in a preset first test requirement template from the test information of the function, assigning the field value of the first field to the first variable and generating a first test requirement of the function.
The first test case generating unit is used for extracting a field value of a second field matched with a second variable in a preset first test case template from the functional test information, assigning the field value of the second field to the second variable, and generating first test cases of the function, wherein each generated first test case is used for covering each generated first test requirement.
In the embodiment of the invention, the functional first test requirement is generated by extracting the field value of the first field matched with the first variable in the preset first test requirement template from the functional test information, and the field value of the second field matched with the second variable in the preset first test case template is extracted from the functional test information to generate the first test case for covering each generated first test requirement, so that the test case for completely covering the test requirement can be generated, and the test quality and the test efficiency are improved.
Preferably, the first test case for performing the forward value test on the input item covers a first test requirement for performing a reasonable equivalence class test on the input item, and the first test case for performing the reverse value test on the input item covers a first test requirement for performing an unreasonable equivalence class test on the input item.
Preferably, on the basis of the test case generating device provided by the above embodiment of the present invention, the method further includes: the device comprises a selecting unit, a first determining unit and a second determining unit.
The selecting unit is used for selecting at least one first test case from the first test cases, and the at least one first test case is each separable input element forward combined test case in the first test cases.
The first determining unit is used for determining the testing requirement of each first testing case in the at least one first testing case.
A second determining unit, configured to determine at least one target first test case from the at least one first test case, where the at least one target first test case is a set of a minimum number of first test cases from the at least one first test case, the minimum number of first test cases being used to cover a test requirement of the at least one first test case.
In the embodiment of the invention, at least one first test case is selected from the first test cases, the test requirements of each first test case in the at least one test case are determined, and the target first test case with the minimum quantity for covering the test requirements of the at least one first test case is determined from the at least one first test case based on the requirements of each first test case, so that a plurality of the at least one first test cases can be replaced by a small quantity of the target first test cases, and the test efficiency is further improved.
Preferably, the second generating 1004 includes: the device comprises a response unit, an analysis unit and a third generation unit.
And the response unit is used for responding to the drawing operation which is executed on at least one preset component by the user according to the preset drawing specification of the flow chart based on the requirement of the service, and generating the test flow chart of the service.
And the analysis unit is used for analyzing the test flow chart to obtain at least one direct connection path.
And the third generating unit is used for generating a second test case of the second test requirement of each direct connection path and the second test case of the second test requirement for covering the direct connection path.
In the embodiment of the invention, the drawing operation is executed on the drawing specification according to the preset flow chart, the service requirement and at least one preset component, the generated test flow chart of the service is analyzed to obtain at least one direct connection channel, and a second test requirement of the direct connection channel and a second test case for covering the second test requirement of the direct connection channel are generated aiming at each direct connection channel.
Preferably, the analysis unit includes: the device comprises a judging unit, a ring-opening unit, an analysis subunit and a direct connection path generating unit.
And the judging unit is used for judging whether the test flow chart is a connected chart.
It should be noted that, if the test flowchart is a connectivity graph, the loop opening unit is executed.
And the ring-opening unit is used for opening a ring of the test flow chart to obtain a ring-free chart and a loop chart.
And the analysis subunit is used for carrying out direct connection path analysis operation on the acyclic graph to obtain a direct connection path.
And the direct connection path generation unit is used for performing loop straightening operation on the loop diagram to obtain a direct connection path.
In the embodiment of the invention, when a user responds to the drawing operation executed on at least one preset assembly by a user according to the preset drawing specification of the flow chart based on the service requirement and a test flow chart of the service is generated to be a connected chart, the direct connection path is obtained by performing direct connection path analysis operation on an acyclic graph obtained by de-looping the test flow chart and performing loop direct-connection path changing operation on the cyclic graph.
An embodiment of the present invention provides a server, referring to fig. 11, including a memory 1101 and a processor 1102, where:
the memory 1101 stores programs; the processor 1102 is configured to execute the program stored in the memory, and in particular, to execute the test case generation method according to any embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiments of the present invention provide a storage medium, where computer-executable instructions are stored, for implementing a test case generation method according to any embodiment of the present invention.
The test case generation method, the test case generation device, the test case generation server and the storage medium provided by the invention are described in detail, specific examples are applied in the text to explain the principle and the implementation of the invention, and the description of the above embodiments is only used for helping understanding the method and the core idea of the invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, there may be variations in the specific embodiments and the application scope, and in summary, the content of the present specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.
It should be noted that, in the present specification, the embodiments are all described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments may be referred to each other. The device disclosed by the embodiment corresponds to the method disclosed by the embodiment, so that the description is simple, and the relevant points can be referred to the method part for description.
It is further noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include or include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims (10)

1. A test case generation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
performing function segmentation on the service by taking preset function granularity as a segmentation unit to obtain at least one function; the function granularity comprises an adding function, a deleting function, a modifying function and a querying function;
extracting field values of fields in a preset function analysis template from the functions to generate test information of the functions; the fields include a first field for characterizing basic information of the function, a second field for characterizing divisible elements of the function, and a third field for characterizing inseparable elements of the function;
generating a first test requirement of the function and a first test case for covering the first test requirement according to the test information of the function; the first test requirements comprise element-level test requirements for testing the legality of the input attribute of the functional input item and function-level test requirements for testing the service value of the functional input item, and the function-level test requirements comprise function-level test requirements of separable elements and function-level test requirements of non-separable elements;
and generating a second test requirement of the service and a test case for covering the second test requirement according to the requirement of the service, wherein the second test requirement is related to the call relation between the functions in the service.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the performing function segmentation on the traffic by using the preset function granularity as a segmentation unit to obtain at least one function comprises:
performing function segmentation on the service to obtain at least one function category;
dividing the service function in the function category to obtain at least one sub-function category;
and dividing the service functions in the sub-function category by taking preset function granularity as a division unit to obtain at least one function, wherein each function in the at least one function is the function granularity.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein generating a first test requirement of the function and a first test case for covering the first test requirement according to the test information of the function comprises:
extracting a field value of a first field matched with a first variable in a preset first test requirement template from the test information of the function, assigning the field value of the first field to the first variable, and generating a first test requirement of the function;
and extracting a field value of a second field matched with a second variable in a preset first test case template from the test information of the function, assigning the field value of the second field to the second variable, and generating first test cases of the function, wherein each generated first test case is used for covering each generated first test requirement.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the first test case for forward value testing of an entry covers a first test requirement for reasonable equivalence class testing of an entry, and the first test case for reverse value testing of an entry covers a first test requirement for unreasonable equivalence class testing of an entry.
5. The method of claim 4, further comprising:
selecting at least one first test case from the first test cases, wherein the at least one first test case is a forward combined test case of each separable input element in the first test cases;
determining a test requirement for each of the at least one first test case;
determining at least one target first test case from the at least one first test case, wherein the at least one target first test case is a set of the least number of first test cases from the at least one first test case for covering the test requirements of the at least one first test case.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the generating a second testing requirement of the service and a testing case for covering the second testing requirement according to the requirement of the service comprises:
responding to a drawing operation which is executed on at least one preset assembly by a user according to a preset drawing specification of the flow chart based on the requirement of the service, and generating a test flow chart of the service;
analyzing the test flow chart to obtain at least one direct connection path;
and generating a second test requirement of the direct connection path and a second test case for covering the second test requirement of the direct connection path aiming at each direct connection path.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein said parsing said test flow graph to obtain at least one inline path comprises:
judging whether the test flow chart is a connected chart or not;
if the test flow chart is a connected chart, carrying out ring-opening on the test flow chart to obtain an acyclic chart and a loop chart;
carrying out direct connection path analysis operation on the acyclic graph to obtain a direct connection path;
and performing loop straightening operation on the loop diagram to obtain a direct connection path.
8. A test case generation apparatus, comprising:
the segmentation unit is used for performing function segmentation on the service by taking preset function granularity as a segmentation unit to obtain at least one function; the function granularity comprises an adding function, a deleting function, a modifying function and a querying function;
the test information generating unit is used for extracting field values of fields in a preset function analysis template from the functions to generate test information of the functions; the fields include a first field for characterizing basic information of the function, a second field for characterizing divisible elements of the function, and a third field for characterizing inseparable elements of the function;
the first generating unit is used for generating a first test requirement of the function and a first test case for covering the first test requirement according to the test information of the function; the first test requirements comprise element-level test requirements for testing the legality of the input attribute of the functional input item and function-level test requirements for testing the service value of the functional input item, and the function-level test requirements comprise function-level test requirements of separable elements and function-level test requirements of non-separable elements;
and the second generating unit is used for generating a second test requirement of the service and a test case for covering the second test requirement according to the requirement of the service, wherein the second test requirement is related to the calling relationship among the functions in the service.
9. A server, comprising: at least one memory and at least one processor; the memory stores a program that the processor invokes, the program stored by the memory, the program being for implementing the test case generation method of any one of claims 1 to 7.
10. A storage medium having stored thereon computer-executable instructions for performing the test case generation method of any of claims 1-7.
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CN114860516A (en) * 2022-03-30 2022-08-05 中国人民解放军军事科学院国防科技创新研究院 RISC-V processor function verification-oriented random pressure testing method and device

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