CN110824427A - Inclined triangular pyramid sound pressure testing device and spatial secondary sound source directional positioning method thereof - Google Patents

Inclined triangular pyramid sound pressure testing device and spatial secondary sound source directional positioning method thereof Download PDF

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CN110824427A
CN110824427A CN201911001151.8A CN201911001151A CN110824427A CN 110824427 A CN110824427 A CN 110824427A CN 201911001151 A CN201911001151 A CN 201911001151A CN 110824427 A CN110824427 A CN 110824427A
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sound pressure
sound
point
triangular pyramid
source
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刘元雪
赵久彬
陈进
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Pla Military Service College
Army Service Academy of PLA
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
    • G01S5/18—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using ultrasonic, sonic, or infrasonic waves
    • G01S5/20—Position of source determined by a plurality of spaced direction-finders
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
    • G01H17/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves, not provided for in the preceding groups

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Abstract

The invention provides an oblique triangular pyramid sound pressure testing device and a space secondary sound source directional positioning method thereof.A sound pressure sensor mounting groove is arranged on each of four mutually nonparallel surfaces on an oblique triangular pyramid base of the device, and four sound pressure sensors are respectively fixed on the four grooves; an expansion water stop ring is filled in a gap between each groove and the sound pressure sensor; a wire hole for leading a data wire of the sound pressure sensor to the body center of the inclined triangular pyramid is formed in each groove and used for mounting a sensor data wire; and a wire collecting hole is arranged at the bottom of the inclined triangular pyramid base and connects the data wire with a data interface element of the sound pressure sensor. Meanwhile, a calculation method for directional positioning of the spatial infrasound source of the sound pressure sensor based on the oblique triangular pyramid is provided. The method accurately and conveniently obtains the sound pressure state of one point of the position of the device in the sound field, calculates the main sound pressure state of the point through the full rank of the sound pressure, obtains the propagation direction of the sound field, and can obtain the position of the secondary sound source by adopting two devices.

Description

Inclined triangular pyramid sound pressure testing device and spatial secondary sound source directional positioning method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of acoustic testing and the field of infrasound source positioning, in particular to an oblique triangular pyramid sound pressure testing device and a space infrasound source directional positioning method thereof.
Background
The sound field generated by the propagation of the sound wave excited by the secondary sound source in the medium has vector field characteristics due to the characteristics of directivity and attenuation, but the sound field cannot be accurately represented due to the characteristics of reflection, refraction and diffraction and the like of the sound wave, so that the sound pressure test of one point in the sound field is difficult and fundamental work. To deeply study information such as characteristics of sound wave propagation and a secondary sound source in a sound field, a sound pressure state in the sound field should be sufficiently understood. According to the characteristics of sound wave generation and propagation on land, a sound wave monitoring and early warning technology is implemented on geological disasters, a sound field generated at the initial stage of disaster occurrence is solved through data, the sound pressure state of the point is visually obtained, disaster places and disaster types are further researched and obtained, disaster early warning information can be sent out hours in advance, time and precious information are won for disaster prevention work, and the method has important significance on the current disaster prevention and reduction work frequently occurring in geological disasters.
At present, due to development requirements in the fields of military application, ocean exploration and the like, research on positioning of infrasound sources in ocean underwater sound is relatively deep. However, the method still stays in basic research work in the field of research on acoustic positioning technologies such as micro-earthquakes, debris flow and landslide on land. Generally, a spatially distributed sound pressure sensor array is used to collect a field, and signals are extracted from measurement data to perform methods such as time delay, beam forming, field matching and the like, so as to obtain a transfer function of sound field propagation and infrasound source position information. However, the methods have limitations of environmental mismatch, large estimation error of model parameters, lack of prior knowledge, incapability of judging interference and the like, so that the accuracy is not high.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the embodiment of the invention provides an oblique triangular pyramid sound pressure testing device and a space secondary sound source directional positioning method thereof. The technical scheme is as follows:
in one aspect, a sound pressure testing apparatus of an oblique triangular pyramid is provided, including: the device comprises four sound pressure sensors, an inclined triangular pyramid base, an expansion water stop rubber ring, a polyurethane foam filling agent, a sound pressure sensor data wire and an inclined triangular pyramid base support; grooves are formed in 4 non-parallel surfaces of the inclined triangular pyramid base, 4 sound pressure sensors are fixed on the 4 grooves respectively, and an expansion water stop ring is filled in a gap between each groove and each sound pressure sensor; the sound pressure sensor is provided with a sound pressure sensor data wire; and a wire hole for leading the data wire of the sound pressure sensor to the body center of the inclined triangular pyramid base is arranged on each groove, a wire collecting hole is arranged on any surface, which is not provided with the groove, of the inclined triangular pyramid base, and the data wire of the sound pressure sensor is connected with a data interface of the sound pressure sensor.
On the other hand, a method for directionally positioning a spatial secondary sound source is also provided, and the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: obtaining the sound pressure state of a certain point in a sound field through the sound pressure testing device of the inclined triangular pyramid;
step two: placing a sound pressure testing device of a single inclined triangular pyramid at a measuring point in a sound field generated by an unknown secondary sound source, and obtaining the direction cosine of the point pointing to the direction of the secondary sound source according to the sound pressure state of the measuring point obtained in the step one:
step three: and (3) respectively arranging the sound pressure testing devices of the inclined triangular pyramids at different measuring points in a sound field generated by an unknown secondary sound source, obtaining the direction cosines of the sound pressure testing devices of the two inclined triangular pyramids pointing to the secondary sound source according to the step one and the step two, and calculating the position of the secondary sound source.
Further, the first step comprises the following steps:
1): placing the sound pressure test of the inclined triangular pyramid at any position O (x, y, z) of the sound field with unknown infrasound source position, and assuming that the sound propagation mode at the position is spherical longitudinal wave;
2): sound pressure values in four different directions are obtained by the sound field sensor, namely: p is a radical ofωω ═ 1, 2, 3, 4; p is to beωAccording to
Figure BDA0002241367360000023
Taking permutation and combination, denoted as pkiWherein p isk1＝{p1，p2，p3}T；pk2＝{p1，p2，p4}T；pk3＝{p1，p3，p4}T；pk4＝{p2，p3，p4}T；
3): the sound pressure state of a point O (x, y, z) in the soil body can be expressed as pji＝{pxi，pyi，pzi}TFour sound pressure values p measured by the sensorkiThe four sound pressure states p of the measuring point can be obtained according to the following formulaji
Figure BDA0002241367360000024
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0002241367360000025
deriving a transformation matrix T for a direction cosine based on a pointing direction of a sound pressure sensoriThe specific form of the inverse matrix is as follows:
Figure BDA0002241367360000021
Figure BDA0002241367360000022
Figure BDA0002241367360000032
taking the average value as the sound pressure state of the point
Figure BDA0002241367360000033
Further, the second step is specifically:
a sound pressure testing device adopting a single inclined triangular pyramid is arranged at one point O (x, y, z) in a sound field generated by an unknown secondary sound source, and the sound pressure state of the testing point is tested
Figure BDA0002241367360000038
The direction cosine of the point pointing to the infrasound source direction is calculated by the following formula:
Figure BDA0002241367360000034
Figure BDA0002241367360000035
Figure BDA0002241367360000036
further, the third step is specifically:
adopt the sound pressure testing arrangement of two oblique triangular pyramids to arrange different measuring points in the produced sound field of unknown secondary sound source respectively in, according to the directional direction cosine of secondary sound source of the sound pressure testing arrangement of two oblique triangular pyramids, calculate the infrasound source position, specifically as follows:
respectively obtaining the direction cosine of the main sound pressure at different positions according to the two measuring devices1，m1，n1)，(l2，m2，n2) Two straight lines L are calculated according to the following formula1，L2
Figure BDA0002241367360000037
In the formula (x)1，y1，z1) Is the position of a measuring point, (x)2，y2，z2) Is the position of another measuring point; because the considered infrasonic wave is transmitted linearly, under the condition that the influences of refraction, reflection and the like of the infrasonic wave are not considered, the intersection point of the three different-surface linear equations theoretically is the point where the sound source is located, but the two different-surface linear equations often cannot be intersected at one point due to the fact that errors exist, and the like, the midpoint of the shortest distance line segment of the two linear equations is taken as an infrasonic source prediction point;
first assume that a straight line L is passed1、L2The straight line of the shortest distance line segment ofLABAnd the intersection point is set to A (x)a，ya，za)，B(xb，yb，zb) Then the normal vector of the straight line is nab＝n1×n2The linear equation is:
Figure BDA0002241367360000041
by solving equations (20) and (21), the coordinates of point A, B can be obtained, if L is1、L2If the coordinates of the points A and B are not intersected, the middle point is taken, and the point is defined as O'12The point is L1、L2A localized sound source point having coordinates of
Figure BDA0002241367360000042
The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the method has the advantages that the possibility is provided for accurately and conveniently acquiring the state of a point of sound pressure in the sound field generated by the unknown secondary sound source, and the device has the characteristics of clear calculation principle, low cost, convenience in operation and the like.
2. The invention provides an operation method for calculating a main sound pressure value by measuring a point sound pressure state and a propagation method thereof, the method is based on the theory that infrasonic waves can be regarded as stress waves, when the sound waves reach a certain measuring point, the balance state of the point is broken to cause particle motion, the measured sound pressure state can indirectly reflect the stress state of the particle due to the sound waves, the main sound pressure direction indirectly reflects the main stress direction, the direction is the direction with the maximum particle motion speed, and the direction can be known as the direction vector of sound wave propagation according to the sound wave propagation directivity. The infrasonic waves generated by geological disasters have longer wavelength and plane wave characteristics, and the generated sound rays such as reflection, refraction and diffraction can be ignored, so that the method can accurately calculate the one-point sound pressure state and the propagation direction state of a certain point in a sound field, thereby obtaining the direction vector pointing to the direction of an infrasonic source.
3. The operation method for calculating the position of the infrasound source through the geometric relation by adopting the 2 measuring devices to be respectively placed at different measuring points in the sound field generated by the unknown infrasound source has the characteristics of ingenious principle, less calculation amount, acceptable error and the like.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1(a) is a schematic front view of an oblique triangular pyramid according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 1(b) is a schematic rear view of an oblique triangular pyramid according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an angled triangular pyramid skeleton housing four acoustic pressure sensors in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a direction vector of a test direction of an acoustic pressure sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic view of an oblique triangular pyramid sound pressure test apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of a single device infrasound source direction finding method of an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a method for positioning infrasound sources of 2 devices according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The design principle of the invention is as follows:
for propagation of infrasonic waves in a medium, similar to stress waves, it can be considered as propagation of elastic waves, and for an isotropic medium, when the propagation distance is larger than the size of the infrasonic source, it can be considered as propagation of plane waves, and the propagation direction of longitudinal waves is linear propagation. Because the direction of the stress is consistent with the direction of the speed, when the stress wave in the soil body reaches a certain mass point, the static balance of the mass point is broken, the direction of the maximum stress increased by the stress wave is the direction with the maximum speed and is also the propagation direction of the longitudinal wave, and if the direction of the maximum unbalance force can be found, the direction is regarded as the propagation direction of the wave. The method is characterized in that the mechanical equilibrium state of a certain point is broken when an infrasonic wave reaches the point to cause particle motion, the measured sound pressure state can indirectly reflect the stress state of the particle due to the infrasonic wave, the main sound pressure direction indirectly reflects the main stress direction, the direction is the maximum direction of the particle motion speed, and the direction can be known as the direction vector of sound wave propagation according to the sound wave propagation directivity. Therefore, the sound pressure state of the measuring point can be obtained by designing a sound pressure state measuring device, so that the main sound pressure and the propagation direction of the measuring point are calculated, and the position information and the propagation characteristic of the secondary sound source are further obtained.
The sound pressure state of one point in a sound field comprises three positive sound pressures and three partial sound pressures, so a geometric body with at least six surfaces is required to arrange a sound pressure sensor, but longitudinal waves of infrasonic waves are transmitted in a medium at a higher speed than transverse waves, and mainly longitudinal waves are used as main parts, so that the sound pressure state of the point can be obtained by arranging sensors on three geometric bodies which are not parallel to each other in pairs in a sound pressure state test. The oblique triangular pyramid-based sound pressure testing device is embedded at a certain point in a secondary sound field, and the data wire is connected with the sound pressure sensor to obtain four sound pressure signal readings. The direction cosine of the sound pressure sensor is obtained according to the test direction of the sound pressure sensor and the included angles between the x axis, the y axis and the z axis, and the direction cosine of 3 test directions is randomly selected to form 4 conversion matrixes and inverse matrixes thereof. And finally, multiplying 3 stress readings corresponding to the conversion matrix by the conversion inverse matrix to obtain the sound pressure state of the point in 4 soil bodies, and averaging the sound pressure states to obtain the sound pressure state of the point. Therefore, the main stress value of the position of the measuring point and the unit vector pointing to the secondary sound source can be obtained by using one device, the main stress values of 2 points and the unit vectors pointing to the direction of the secondary sound source are obtained by using 2 devices at different positions, and the position of the secondary sound source is obtained by using the geometric relation of straight line intersection.
As shown in fig. 2 and 4, the sound pressure state testing device of the oblique triangular pyramid specifically includes: the device comprises four sound pressure sensors 3, an inclined triangular pyramid base 8, an expansion water stop rubber ring 6, a polyurethane foam filling agent 7 and a sound pressure sensor data wire 4; four non-parallel surfaces on the inclined triangular pyramid base are provided with sound pressure sensor mounting grooves 2, the four sound pressure sensors 3 are fixed on the four grooves, and an expansion water stop ring 6 is filled in a gap between each groove 2 and each sound pressure sensor 3; a wire hole 1 for leading a data wire of the sound pressure sensor 3 to the body center of the inclined triangular pyramid 8 is arranged on each groove, a wire collecting hole 5 is arranged at the bottom of the inclined triangular pyramid base 8, and the data wire 4 is connected with a data interface of the sound pressure sensor; namely, the device for testing the sound field one-click intensity state is formed.
1. The manufacturing process of the sound pressure testing device of the inclined triangular pyramid is as follows:
(1) and manufacturing an oblique triangular pyramid base to form an oblique triangular pyramid model, as shown in figure 1.
(2) A groove 2 for mounting the sound pressure sensor is arranged in the center of the A2 surface of the inclined triangular pyramid, the groove 2 and the A2 surface are parallel to each other, the bottom surface of the groove is flat, and a wire guide hole 1 is arranged in the center of the groove 2; generally, the diameter of the groove 2 is the diameter of the sound pressure sensor plus 1-2 mm, and the depth of the groove is 2/3-1/3 of the thickness of the sound pressure sensor; the remaining 3 sound pressure sensors were placed on the corresponding inclined triangular pyramid frameworks a1, A3, a4 face according to this method. I.e. forming an oblique triangular pyramid skeleton, as shown in fig. 1 and 2.
(3) And installing a sound pressure sensor. And a data wire connected to the sound pressure sensor is inserted into the data wire hole 1 and finally passes out of the wire collecting hole 5. Fixing the sound pressure sensor 3 on the groove 2 of the oblique triangular pyramid base, clamping the expansion water stop rubber ring 6 in a gap between the sound pressure sensor 3 and the groove 2, and finally fully fixing the three by using waterproof rubber; and after the installation is finished, a gap between the data lead 4 and the lead gathering hole 5 of the sound pressure sensor is sealed in a waterproof way by using a polyurethane foam filling agent, and the data lead 4 is connected with a reading element of the sound pressure sensor. Namely, the soil sound pressure state testing device forming the inclined triangular pyramid and the sound pressure sensor is shown in fig. 4.
2. The operation method of the inclined triangular pyramid sound pressure testing device and the calculation method for obtaining the sound pressure state of a certain point in a sound field comprise the following steps:
(1) placing the sound pressure state testing device manufactured in the step 1 at a certain position O (x, y, z) of a sound field generated by an unknown secondary sound source;
(2) obtaining sound pressure values, i.e. p, in four different directions by a sound field sensorω，ω＝1，2，3，4；
P is to beωAccording to
Figure BDA0002241367360000061
Taking permutation and combination, denoted as pkiWherein p isk1＝{p1，p2，p3}T；pk2＝{p1，p2，p4}T；pk3＝{p1，p3，p4}T；pk4＝{p2，p3，p4}T；
(3) And calculating the cosine of the direction pointed by each sound pressure sensor according to the test directions of the four sound pressure sensors and the included angles between the x axis and the z axis of the established coordinate system and between the y axis and the z axis of the established coordinate system. In fig. 1, OA is the test pointing direction of the sound pressure sensor, OA' is the projection of OA on the xoy plane, δ is the angle between the sound pressure test direction and the z-axis,
Figure BDA00022413673600000711
the sound pressure test direction represents the angle between the projection of a straight line on the xoy plane and the x-axis, as shown in fig. 3. The specific expression for the directional cosine is as follows:
Figure BDA0002241367360000072
n＝cosδ (3)
from fig. 2, the direction cosine of the test direction of each sound pressure sensor in the present device can be obtained, see table 1:
TABLE 1 Direction cosine of Sound pressure sensor
Figure BDA0002241367360000073
(4) From Table 1 according to
Figure BDA00022413673600000712
Taking permutation and combination to form a direction cosine transform matrix T based on the pointing direction of the sound pressure sensoriAnd then obtaining the inverse matrix of the conversion matrix
Figure BDA00022413673600000710
Figure BDA0002241367360000074
Figure BDA0002241367360000075
Figure BDA0002241367360000076
Figure BDA0002241367360000077
(5) From four sound pressure values p measured by the sensorkiFour sound pressure states p of the measuring point are obtainedji. In the formula: p is a radical ofji＝{px，py，pz，pxy，pyz，pzx}T，i＝1,2,3,4。px，py，pz，pxy，pyz，pzxThree positive sound pressure components and three bias sound pressure components respectively representing the sound pressure state of the measured point. The sound pressure state of one point O (x, y, z) in the soil body can be expressed as
Figure BDA0002241367360000078
Suppose that the sound pressure state of a point in space is pjiThen the positive sound pressure in the test direction of the sensor is
Figure BDA0002241367360000079
Since the propagation of infrasonic waves is longitudinal wave propagation, regardless of the propagation of shear waves, the above equation can be expressed as
The sound pressure state of a point O (x, y, z) in the soil body can be expressed as pji＝{pxi，pyi，pzi}T. If the positive sound pressure of 4 different directions is known, the positive sound pressure value of optional three measurement directions is expressed as pk1＝{p1，p2，p3}T；pk2＝{p1，p2，p4}T；pk3＝{p1，p3，p4}T；pk4＝{p2，p3，p4}TThen the sound pressure state of one point in the medium can be obtained
Figure BDA0002241367360000082
Figure BDA0002241367360000083
The above formula can be written as { pki}＝Ti{ p ji1, 2, 3, 4. If a solution is to be provided for,then TiMust be a reversible matrix, the conventional sound pressure state of a point in the soil body can be calculated according to the following formula
Figure BDA0002241367360000086
(6) According to the formula (8), 4 groups of positive sound pressure components, namely p, of the test point in the conventional stress state can be calculatedjiWherein p isj1＝{px1，py1，pz1}T；pj2＝{px2，py2，pz2}T；pj3＝{px3，py3，pz3}T；pj4＝{px4，py4，pz4}TTaking the average value as the sound pressure state of the point
Figure BDA0002241367360000087
3. Referring to fig. 5, the operation method for calculating the primary sound pressure value and the propagation direction by measuring the one-point sound pressure state according to the present invention includes the following steps:
(1) according to the method in the step 2, an oblique triangular pyramid sound pressure state testing device is arranged at a certain measuring point of a sound field to obtain the sound pressure state p of the measured point in the sound field generated by an unknown infrasound sourcejiThe main sound pressure value of the point is calculated by the following formula, and the process is as follows:
Figure BDA0002241367360000088
Figure BDA0002241367360000092
4. referring to fig. 6, according to the oblique triangular pyramid sound pressure state testing apparatus, two measuring devices are respectively disposed at different measuring points in a sound field generated by an unknown secondary sound source, and the cosine of the directions of the two measuring devices pointing to the secondary sound source is obtained according to the above method, and the position of the secondary sound source is calculated, the method includes the following steps:
respectively obtaining the direction cosine of the main sound pressure at different positions by adopting two measuring devices according to the step 31，m1，n1)，(l2，m2，n2) Two straight lines L are calculated according to the following formula1、L2
Figure BDA0002241367360000093
In the formula (x)1，y1，z1) Is the position of a measuring point, (x)2，y2，z2) Is the position of another measuring point. Because the considered infrasonic wave is transmitted in a straight line, under the condition of not considering the influence of refraction, reflection and the like of the infrasonic wave, the theoretical intersection point of the three different-surface straight line equations is the point where the sound source is located, but due to practical errors and the like, two different-surface straight lines cannot be intersected at one point, and the midpoint of the shortest distance line segment of the two straight lines is taken as the infrasonic source prediction point.
First assume that a straight line L is passed1、L2The straight line of the shortest distance line segment is LABAnd the intersection point is set to A (x)a，ya，za)，B(xb，yb，Zb) Then the normal vector of the straight line is nab＝n1×n2The linear equation is:
Figure BDA0002241367360000094
by solving equations (20) and (21), the coordinates of point A, B can be obtained, if L is1、L2If the coordinates of the points A and B are not intersected, the middle point is taken, and the point is defined as O'12The point is L1、L2Located predicted infrasound source point having coordinates of
Figure BDA0002241367360000095
For the above derivation process, a specific example is now given to further describe the application of the sound pressure testing apparatus and the infrasound source positioning and orientation method: and measuring the space coordinates of rock burst in the rock burst process in the soil body. The two sound pressure testing devices are embedded into a soil body to be tested, the devices are connected with a data testing and reading element, sound pressure changes in all directions of positions of the two testing points in the rock burst process are observed, and obtained experimental data are only used for reference of a related engineering construction party. And (3) setting the system coordinate of one measuring point as a global coordinate, the coordinate of the measuring point as an origin coordinate, the coordinate of the other measuring point as (62.62-845.52,1782.23) and the coordinate of the rockburst point as (-1525.80, -845.52,0), and verifying the calculation method for orientation and positioning and the test error thereof.
And taking sound pressure peak values of two measuring points in the rock burst process. The peak value readings of the first measuring point are (0.0001087,0.0006377,0.0004955,0.0009009) pa, the peak value readings of the second measuring point are (0.0007459,0.001180,0.0009964,0.00001810) pa, the average value of the sound pressure states of the first measuring point is (0.000803095,0.00000969,0.000900883) pa, the average value of the sound pressure states of the second measuring point is (0.00148824, 0.000836661, 0.0000181) pa, and two straight lines pointing to the position of the infrasound source in space are obtained according to the formula (20):
Figure BDA0002241367360000101
the two straight lines converge (1536.865, -864.425, -11.6), and the real rock burst coordinate is (-1525.80, -845.52,0), the error is 1.4%, so the accuracy is consistent with the engineering application.
The device for testing the sound pressure state of one point in the soil and the directional positioning method of the spatial secondary sound source provided by the invention have the characteristics of simple operation, clear principle, low cost and the like, and provide reference values for monitoring and early warning projects of geological disasters such as debris flow landslide and the like.
The above-described embodiments of the apparatus are merely illustrative, and the units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and the parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the present embodiment. One of ordinary skill in the art can understand and implement it without inventive effort.
The present invention is not limited to the above preferred embodiments, and any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. A sound pressure testing device of an inclined triangular pyramid is characterized by comprising: the device comprises four sound pressure sensors (3), an inclined triangular pyramid base (8), an expansion water stop rubber ring (6), a polyurethane foam filling agent (7), a sound pressure sensor data lead (4) and an inclined triangular pyramid base support (9); grooves (2) are formed in 4 non-parallel surfaces of the inclined triangular pyramid base (8), 4 sound pressure sensors (3) are fixed on the 4 grooves respectively, and an expansion water stop ring (6) is filled in a gap between each groove (2) and each sound pressure sensor (3); the sound pressure sensor (3) is provided with a sound pressure sensor data wire (4); be provided with above every recess (2) with sound pressure sensor data wire (4) lead to wire guide (1) of the body center of oblique triangular pyramid base (8), be provided with wire collection hole (5) on the arbitrary face that does not set up the recess on oblique triangular pyramid base (8), will sound pressure sensor data wire (4) link to each other with sound pressure sensor data interface.
2. A sound pressure sensor space secondary sound source directional positioning method based on an inclined triangular pyramid is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: obtaining a sound pressure state of a certain point in a sound field by the sound pressure testing apparatus of the oblique triangular pyramid according to claim 1;
step two: placing a sound pressure testing device of a single inclined triangular pyramid at a measuring point in a sound field generated by an unknown secondary sound source, and obtaining the direction cosine of the point pointing to the direction of the secondary sound source according to the sound pressure state of the measuring point obtained in the step one:
step three: and (3) respectively arranging the sound pressure testing devices of the inclined triangular pyramids at different measuring points in a sound field generated by an unknown secondary sound source, obtaining the direction cosines of the sound pressure testing devices of the two inclined triangular pyramids pointing to the secondary sound source according to the step one and the step two, and calculating the position of the secondary sound source.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein step one comprises the steps of:
1): placing the sound pressure test of the oblique triangular pyramid according to claim 1 at any position O (x, y, z) of the sound field where the position of the infrasound source is unknown, assuming that the sound propagation mode at the position is a spherical longitudinal wave;
2): sound pressure values in four different directions are obtained by the sound field sensor, namely:
pωω ═ 1, 2, 3, 4; p is to beωAccording to
Figure FDA0002241367350000011
Taking permutation and combination, denoted as pkiWherein p isk1＝{p1，p2，p3}T；
pk2＝{p1，p2，p4}T；pk3＝{p1，p3，p4}T；pk4＝{p2，p3，p4}T；
3): the sound pressure state of a point O (x, y, z) in the soil body can be expressed as pji＝{pxi，pi，pzi}TFrom four sound pressure values p measured by the sensorkiFour sound pressure states p of the measuring point are obtainedji
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA00022413673500000210
deriving a transformation matrix T for a direction cosine based on a pointing direction of a sound pressure sensoriThe specific form of the inverse matrix is as follows:
Figure FDA0002241367350000021
Figure FDA0002241367350000023
Figure FDA0002241367350000024
taking the average value as the sound pressure state of the point
Figure FDA0002241367350000025
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the second step is specifically:
a sound pressure testing device adopting a single inclined triangular pyramid is arranged at one point O (x, y, z) in a sound field generated by an unknown secondary sound source, and the sound pressure state of the testing point is tested
Figure FDA00022413673500000211
The direction cosine of the point pointing to the infrasound source direction is calculated by the following formula:
Figure FDA0002241367350000027
Figure FDA0002241367350000028
5. the method according to claim 4, wherein the third step is specifically:
adopt the sound pressure testing arrangement of two oblique triangular pyramids to arrange different measuring points in the produced sound field of unknown secondary sound source respectively in, according to the directional direction cosine of secondary sound source of the sound pressure testing arrangement of two oblique triangular pyramids, calculate the infrasound source position, specifically as follows:
respectively obtaining the direction cosine of the main sound pressure at different positions according to the two measuring devices1，m1，n1)，(l2，m2，n2) Two straight lines L are calculated according to the following formula1，L2
Figure FDA0002241367350000031
In the formula (x)1，y1，z1) Is the position of a measuring point, (x)2，y2，z2) Is the position of another measuring point; because the considered infrasonic wave is transmitted linearly, under the condition of not considering the refraction and reflection influence of the infrasonic wave, the intersection point of the three different-surface linear equations theoretically is the point where the sound source is located, but the actual error causes exist, and the two different-surface linear equations cannot be intersected at one point, so the midpoint of the shortest distance line segment of the two linear equations is taken as the infrasonic source prediction point;
first assume that a straight line L is passed1、L2The straight line of the shortest distance line segment is LABAnd the intersection point is set to A (x)a，ya，za)，B(xb，yb，zb) The method of the straight lineVector direction is nab＝n1×n2The linear equation is:
Figure FDA0002241367350000032
by solving equations (20) and (21), the coordinates of point A, B can be obtained, if L is1、L2If the coordinates of the points A and B are not intersected, the middle point is taken, and the point is defined as O'12The point is L1、L2A localized sound source point having coordinates of
Figure FDA0002241367350000033
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