CN110823777A - Device and method for measuring permeability coefficient of unsaturated soil - Google Patents
Device and method for measuring permeability coefficient of unsaturated soil Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 100
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- NRTLIYOWLVMQBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-chloro-1,3-dimethyl-N-(1,1,3-trimethyl-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-4-yl)pyrazole-4-carboxamide Chemical compound C=12C(C)OC(C)(C)C2=CC=CC=1NC(=O)C=1C(C)=NN(C)C=1Cl NRTLIYOWLVMQBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims 3
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009738 saturating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009795 derivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005315 distribution function Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003204 osmotic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device for measuring the permeability coefficient of unsaturated soil, which comprises a sample processing system, an environment adjusting system and a data acquisition system, and a method for measuring the permeability coefficient of unsaturated soil by adopting the device, wherein the method comprises the following steps: (1) carrying out soil sample saturation; (2) simulating the evaporation process of unsaturated soil; (3) observing the advancing process of the drying front and recording the advancing distance and the corresponding time of the drying front; (4) collecting the change data of the volume water content measured by a moisture meter along with time and the change data of the substrate suction measured by a tensiometer along with time; (5) and solving the unsaturated soil permeability coefficient by using a dry front propulsion method. The device provided by the invention can greatly shorten the testing time, is less influenced by the outside, and establishes a new idea for solving the permeability coefficient of unsaturated soil by taking the volume water content, the matrix suction and the dry front propelling speed as basic variables.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of geotechnical engineering, in particular to a device and a method for measuring the permeability coefficient of unsaturated soil. In the evaporation process of the wet soil sample, the drying front is pushed from the unsaturated zone to the saturated zone, so that a brand new thought for solving the permeability coefficient of unsaturated soil by taking the volume water content, the matrix suction and the pushing speed of the drying front as basic variables is established.
Background
Unsaturated soil refers to soil with soil pores filled with water and air, namely, the soil with the saturation degree between 100 and 0, which is widely distributed on the earth surface, for example, natural sedimentary soil and soil encountered in geotechnical engineering projects are mostly unsaturated soil, and in actual environmental geotechnical engineering, saturated soil is rarely encountered. And the permeability coefficient of unsaturated soil is an important parameter in analyzing the problems of rainfall on the stability of soil slopes, solid waste landfill sites, migration of water-soluble pollutants and filling engineering, so that the measurement and research of the permeability coefficient of unsaturated soil has great significance for engineering practice.
In the prior art, the permeation coefficient of unsaturated soil is mostly determined by adopting an evaporation method, but the existing evaporation method has long time consumption in the process of determining the permeation coefficient of unsaturated soil and is greatly influenced by the external environment.
Therefore, the problem to be solved by those skilled in the art is how to provide a device and a method for measuring the permeability coefficient of unsaturated soil with good tolerance and high efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a device for measuring the permeability coefficient of unsaturated soil, which has the advantages of simple structure, less influence from the external environment, wide application range and small limitation;
the method for measuring the permeability coefficient of the unsaturated soil by applying the device adopts a dry front propulsion method, simulates the evaporation process of the unsaturated soil body by saturating a soil sample, observes the propulsion process of the dry front and records the propulsion distance and the corresponding time of the dry front, collects the change data of the volume water content measured by a moisture meter along with the time and the change data of the matrix suction measured by a tensiometer along with the time, and solves the permeability coefficient of the unsaturated soil by utilizing the dry front propulsion method, thereby achieving the purpose of differentiating the permeability of the section of a single soil column by adopting a one-dimensional soil column evaporation test and further solving the permeability coefficient of the unsaturated soil.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a device for determining the permeability coefficient of unsaturated soil comprises
The sample processing system comprises a leveling scale, a sample chamber arranged at the top of the leveling scale, an evaporation cover covering the top of the sample chamber, and a limber hole arranged at the bottom of the sample chamber;
the environment adjusting system comprises an environment box and a console for controlling the temperature and the humidity in the environment box; the environment box is communicated with the evaporation cover through an air duct;
the data acquisition system comprises a tensiometer, a moisture meter, a data acquisition unit and a computer; the tensiometer and the moisture meter are inserted into a sample to be detected of the sample chamber, and the tensiometer and the moisture meter are respectively electrically connected with the data acquisition unit and send acquired electric signals to the computer.
Preferably, in the above-mentioned apparatus for measuring permeability coefficient of unsaturated soil, the evaporation cover is fixed to the top outer edge of the sample chamber by a bracket.
Preferably, in the apparatus for measuring a permeability coefficient of unsaturated soil as described above, a heater and a refrigerator are provided inside the environmental chamber, and the temperature inside the environmental chamber is adjusted by controlling the heater and the refrigerator by the console.
Preferably, in the apparatus for measuring a permeability coefficient of unsaturated soil as described above, a temperature gauge for displaying the temperature inside the environmental chamber is provided outside the environmental chamber.
Preferably, in the apparatus for measuring an osmotic coefficient of unsaturated soil described above, a humidifier and a dehumidifier are connected to an outside of the environmental chamber, and the humidity in the environmental chamber is adjusted by controlling the humidifier and the dehumidifier by the console.
Preferably, in the apparatus for measuring a permeability coefficient of unsaturated soil as described above, the air outlet of the environmental chamber is provided with a blower, and the inside of the environmental chamber is provided with an air mixer controlled by the console.
Preferably, in the above device for measuring permeability coefficient of unsaturated soil, the sample chamber is an organic glass column.
The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are: the organic glass column has better transparency, chemical stability and mechanical property as a sample chamber, and can adopt other materials according to the test requirement.
The invention also discloses a method for measuring the permeability coefficient of unsaturated soil, which adopts a dry front propulsion method to measure the permeability coefficient of unsaturated soil and comprises the following steps:
(1) performing soil sample saturation in a sample processing system;
(2) simulating the evaporation process of unsaturated soil;
(3) observing the advancing process of the drying front and recording the advancing distance and the corresponding time of the drying front;
(4) collecting the change data of the volume water content measured by a moisture meter along with time and the change data of the substrate suction measured by a tensiometer along with time;
(5) and solving the unsaturated soil permeability coefficient by using a dry front propulsion method.
Preferably, in the above method for determining the permeability coefficient of unsaturated soil, the step (1) is specifically:
after the sample chamber is leveled by the leveling scale, a soil sample is loaded into the sample chamber, the moisture meter and the tensiometer are installed at the same time, the limber hole is connected with a water source, and the soil sample is saturated by water flow from bottom to top.
Preferably, in the above method for determining the permeability coefficient of unsaturated soil, the step (2) is specifically:
A. after the soil sample is saturated, arranging the steam hood at the outer edge of the top end of the sample chamber through the bracket, and connecting the steam hood with the environment box through the vent pipeline;
B. controlling the heater and the freezer by the console to adjust the temperature in the environmental chamber, the adjusted temperature being displayed by the temperature gauge;
C. the control console controls the dehumidifier and the humidifier to adjust the humidity in the environment box, and the blower controls the wind speed to form a stable airflow with constant temperature and humidity in the evaporation cover.
Preferably, in the above method for determining the permeability coefficient of unsaturated soil, in the step (5), a one-dimensional soil column evaporation test is used to differentiate the permeability of a single soil column section to obtain the permeability coefficient of unsaturated soil, and the specific steps are as follows:
assuming that the section B is the installation position of the tension meter and the moisture meter; assuming section a is the bottom of the vertical column device and the evaporation through this section is zero, the amount of evaporation through section B is equal to the amount of water missing between the two sections, i.e.:
QB＝ΔWA-B
in the formula, QBShows the water flow through the section B, Δ WA-BRepresents the amount of water lost between section a and section B;
the water volume missing between the section A and the section B is calculated by a volume water content distribution function, namely:
in the formula, theta (h, t) is a water content distribution equation; a. thecIs the cross section area of the cylinder device; h is the vertical distance between the cross section and the top surface of the column device;
the advancing distance of the drying front is Δ h in a short time Δ t, and assuming that the volumetric water content changes steadily with time during the evaporation process, the following equation is satisfied:
θ(h,t+Δt)＝θ(h-Δh,t)
the distribution of substrate suction satisfies:
ψ(h,t+Δt)＝ψ(h-Δh,t)
this gives the expression for the amount of water missing between section A and section B:
in the evaporation process, the bottom of the column device is always kept saturated with the volume water content thetasThen the following equation is satisfied:
when the drying front advance distance is small, the evaporation at section B is negligible:
the expression for the amount of evaporation finally through section B is:
QB≈0.5[2θs-θ(hB,t1)-θ(hB,t2)]AcΔh
the matrix suction is related to the hydraulic gradient as follows:
further, in the present invention,
according to Darcy's law:
the expression for the permeability coefficient thus obtained is:
the advancing speed of the drying front can be expressed as:
v＝Δh/Δt
the final permeability coefficient is expressed as follows:
compared with the prior art, the device for measuring the permeability coefficient of the unsaturated soil has the advantages of simple structure, less influence from the external environment, wide application range, small limitation and high efficiency;
the method for determining the permeability coefficient of the unsaturated soil by using the device solves the permeability coefficient of the unsaturated soil by using a dry front propulsion method, and achieves the purpose of differentiating the permeability of the section of a single soil column by using a one-dimensional soil column evaporation test so as to further solve the permeability coefficient of the unsaturated soil; a brand new idea for solving the permeability coefficient of unsaturated soil by taking the volume water content, the matrix suction and the propulsion speed of the drying front as basic variables is established.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the overall structure of the device for measuring the permeability coefficient of unsaturated soil according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of the method for determining the permeability coefficient of unsaturated soil according to the invention;
FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of the dry front propelling method of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a drawing showing an embodiment of a dry front propelling method according to an embodiment of the present invention,
wherein the graph a) is a graph of volumetric water content as a function of time; b) is a graph of substrate suction force as a function of time; c) the advancing distance of the drying front is shown as a graph along with time; d) the permeability coefficient of unsaturated soil is compared with that of unsaturated soil obtained by a dry front propelling method and a gravimetric method.
In the figure:
1 is a leveling scale, 2 is a sample room, 3 is an evaporation cover, 4 is a water through hole, 5 is an environment box, 51 is a heater, 52 is a freezer, 53 is a thermometer, 54 is a humidifier, 55 is a dehumidifier, 56 is a blower, 57 is an air mixer, 6 is a console, 7 is an air duct, 81 is a tension meter, 82 is a moisture meter, 9 is a data collector, 10 is a computer, and 11 is a bracket.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a method for measuring the permeability coefficient of unsaturated soil, namely a dry front propulsion method and an improved device. As shown in FIG. 2, the implementation process of the present invention mainly comprises the steps of saturating a soil sample, simulating an evaporation process of an unsaturated soil body, observing a propulsion process of a drying front, recording a propulsion distance and a corresponding time of the propulsion process, collecting variation data of volume water content measured by a moisture meter along with time and variation data of matrix suction measured by a tensiometer along with time, and solving an unsaturated soil permeability coefficient by using a drying front propulsion method, wherein the implementation process is described in turn below.
First, soil sample saturation is carried out
As shown in FIG. 1, after the leveling scale 1 adjusts the level, a soil sample is loaded into the sample chamber 2, the water content meter 82 is installed, the water through hole 4 is connected with a water source, and the soil sample is saturated by water flow from bottom to top.
Simulating the evaporation process of unsaturated soil
As shown in FIG. 1, after the soil sample is saturated, the evaporation cover 2 is erected above the sample chamber 2 by a bracket 11 and is connected with the environmental chamber 5 through an air duct 7, the temperature of the environmental chamber 5 is adjusted by controlling a heater 51 and a freezer 52 by a console 6, the adjusted temperature can be displayed by a temperature meter 53, the humidity of the environmental chamber 5 is adjusted by controlling a dehumidifier 55 and a humidifier 54 by the console 6, the wind speed is controlled by a blower 56, and the final purpose is to form a stable airflow with constant temperature and humidity in the evaporation cover 3.
Thirdly, observing the advancing process of the drying front and recording the advancing distance and the corresponding time of the drying front
The interface of the unsaturated zone and the saturated zone is defined as a dry front, and the appearance of the dry front is represented as the interface of the dark color and the light color of the soil sample. During evaporation, the distance traveled by the drying front and the corresponding time were recorded and data points were plotted for fitting, as shown in fig. 4 c).
Fourthly, acquiring the change data of the volume water content measured by the moisture meter along with the time and the change data of the substrate suction measured by the tensiometer along with the time
Data collected by the moisture meter and the tensiometer are plotted as shown in fig. 4a) and 4 b).
Fifthly, solving the permeability coefficient of unsaturated soil by using a dry front propulsion method
The dry front propulsion method is to differentiate the penetration of the single earth pillar section by adopting a one-dimensional earth pillar evaporation test and solve the unsaturated soil permeability coefficient. The expression is as follows:
the invention is illustrated in the following by specific examples:
taking fine sand as an example, it is taken from Qingdao beach. After the fine sand saturation and evaporation process is completed, the change data of the volume water content and the substrate suction force along with time monitored on the monitoring surfaces of 5cm, 15cm and 25cm are shown in a figure 4a) and a figure 4b), and the data points of the change of the advancing distance of the drying front along with time recorded in the evaporation process are shown in a figure 4c), so as to obtain a fitting curve equation:
R2＝0.99
further derivation yields the equation for the propulsion velocity of the drying front:
will t1-t2Time of dayAnd substituting the obtained volume water content, the matrix suction and the propelling speed of the drying front into an equation of a drying front propelling method:
the resulting plot of the permeability coefficient of the unsaturated soil as a function of the substrate suction is shown in fig. 4d), with little difference compared to prior art gravimetric methods (calculating the water flow by measuring the mass loss of water in the soil sample during evaporation).
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other. The device disclosed by the embodiment corresponds to the method disclosed by the embodiment, so that the description is simple, and the relevant points can be referred to the method part for description.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. A device for measuring the permeability coefficient of unsaturated soil is characterized by comprising
The sample processing system comprises a leveling scale (1), a sample chamber (2) arranged at the top of the leveling scale (1), an evaporation cover (3) covering the top of the sample chamber (2), and a limber hole (4) arranged at the bottom of the sample chamber (2);
an environmental conditioning system comprising an environmental chamber (5), and a console (6) for controlling the temperature and humidity within the environmental chamber (5); the environment box (5) is communicated with the evaporation cover (3) through an air duct (7);
the data acquisition system comprises a tension meter (81), a moisture meter (82), a data acquisition unit (9) and a computer (10); the tensiometer (81) and the moisture meter (82) are inserted into a sample to be tested of the sample chamber (2), the tensiometer (81) and the moisture meter (82) are respectively electrically connected with the data acquisition unit (9), and the acquired electric signals are sent to the computer (10).
2. The device for measuring the permeability coefficient of unsaturated soil according to claim 1, wherein the evaporation cover (3) is fixed on the top outer edge of the sample chamber (2) through a bracket (11).
3. The apparatus for determining the permeability coefficient of unsaturated soil according to claim 1, wherein a heater (51) and a freezer (52) are provided inside the environmental chamber (5), and the heater (51) and the freezer (52) are controlled by the console (6) to adjust the temperature inside the environmental chamber (5).
4. The apparatus for determining the permeability coefficient of unsaturated soil according to claim 1, wherein a temperature gauge (53) for indicating the temperature in the environment chamber (5) is provided outside the environment chamber (5).
5. The apparatus for measuring the permeability coefficient of unsaturated soil according to claim 1, wherein a humidifier (54) and a dehumidifier (55) are connected to the outside of the environmental chamber (5), and the humidity in the environmental chamber (5) is adjusted by controlling the humidifier (54) and the dehumidifier (55) by the console (6).
6. The apparatus for determining the permeability coefficient of unsaturated soils according to claim 1, characterized in that the air outlet of the environmental chamber (5) is provided with a blower (56) and the inside of the environmental chamber (5) is provided with an air mixer (57) controlled by the console (6).
7. A method for measuring the permeability coefficient of unsaturated soil by using the device of any one of claims 1-6, wherein the permeability coefficient of unsaturated soil is measured by using a dry front propelling method, comprising the following steps:
(1) performing soil sample saturation in a sample processing system;
(2) simulating the evaporation process of unsaturated soil;
(3) observing the advancing process of the drying front and recording the advancing distance and the corresponding time of the drying front;
(4) collecting the change data of the volume water content measured by a moisture meter along with time and the change data of the substrate suction measured by a tensiometer along with time;
(5) and solving the unsaturated soil permeability coefficient by using a dry front propulsion method.
8. The method for determining the permeability coefficient of the unsaturated soil according to claim 7, wherein the step (1) is specifically as follows:
after the sample chamber (2) is adjusted to be horizontal through the leveling scale (1), a soil sample is filled into the sample chamber (2), the tensiometer (81) and the moisture meter (82) are installed at the same time, the water through hole (4) is connected with a water source, and the soil sample is saturated by water flow from bottom to top.
9. The method for determining the permeability coefficient of the unsaturated soil according to claim 7, wherein the step (2) is specifically as follows:
A. after the soil sample is saturated, arranging the steam hood (3) at the outer edge of the top end of the sample chamber (2) through the bracket (11), and connecting the steam hood with the environment box (5) through the vent pipeline (7);
B. -regulating the temperature inside the environmental chamber (5) by controlling the heater (51) and the freezer (52) by the console (6), the regulated temperature being displayed by the thermometer (53);
C. the humidifier (54) and the dehumidifier (55) are controlled by the console (6) to adjust the humidity in the environment box (5), the air is mixed by the air mixer (57), and then the air speed is controlled by the blower (56), so that a stable air flow with constant temperature and humidity is formed in the evaporation cover (3).
10. The method for determining the permeability coefficient of unsaturated soil according to claim 7, wherein in the step (5), the permeability of a single soil column section is differentiated by adopting a one-dimensional soil column evaporation test to obtain the permeability coefficient of unsaturated soil, and the expression is as follows:
wherein k is the unsaturated soil permeability coefficient;
θsis the saturated volumetric water content;
theta (h, t) is a water content distribution equation;
hBthe vertical distance between the section B and the top surface of the column device;
t1and t2Two moments in the test process;
γWis the severity of the water;
v is the advancing speed of the drying front;
ψ (h, t) is a matrix suction equation.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111351742A (en) * | 2020-03-31 | 2020-06-30 | 河北建筑工程学院 | Ecological bag permeability parameter measuring device and method |
| CN113218842A (en) * | 2021-04-30 | 2021-08-06 | 中建五局土木工程有限公司 | On-site testing method and on-site testing device for unsaturated permeability coefficient |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111351742A (en) * | 2020-03-31 | 2020-06-30 | 河北建筑工程学院 | Ecological bag permeability parameter measuring device and method |
| CN111351742B (en) * | 2020-03-31 | 2022-07-01 | 河北建筑工程学院 | Ecological bag permeability parameter measuring device and method |
| CN113218842A (en) * | 2021-04-30 | 2021-08-06 | 中建五局土木工程有限公司 | On-site testing method and on-site testing device for unsaturated permeability coefficient |
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