CN110823697B - Tunnel arch foot foundation load transfer test device and method under support of lock foot anchor pipe - Google Patents
Tunnel arch foot foundation load transfer test device and method under support of lock foot anchor pipe Download PDFInfo
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of tunnel engineering, in particular to a device and a method for testing load transfer of tunnel arch springing foundation under the support of a locking anchor pipe. According to the method, a simulation test platform for loading the tunnel arch springing foundation under the support of the locking anchor pipes is built, so that on one hand, the influence of complex tunnel field test environment and numerous interference factors on the test result can be avoided, and the load can be ensured to be kept vertically downward all the time in the whole loading process, so that the real simulation of the vertical load of the tunnel can be realized; on the other hand, the connection conditions between the steel frame and the lock anchor pipe and the arch foundation are not simplified and assumed, and are completely consistent with the actual situation of the tunnel site, so that the authenticity of load transmission among the steel frame, the lock anchor pipe and the arch foundation in the process of a simulated loading test is ensured. In addition, by using the test method, the support parameters of the anchor pipes with different locking feet and the transfer characteristics of the tunnel arch foot foundation load under different loading conditions can be analyzed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of tunnel engineering, in particular to a device and a method for testing load transfer of tunnel arch springing foundation under the support of a locking anchor pipe.
Background
Surrounding rocks have poor stability in the construction process of weak stratum tunnels, are easy to have large settlement and even collapse, and are usually constructed by adopting a subsection excavation method. When the tunnel arch foot foundation is excavated in a subsection way, the supporting area of the tunnel arch foot foundation on the upper primary support is very small, and each linear meter is generally less than 0.3m2Particularly, for the steel frame in primary support, the contact area of the steel frame and the tunnel arch springing foundation is smaller, and the contact area is generally 0.06m2The tunnel arch foot foundation has large stress concentration, and the bearing capacity of the tunnel arch foot foundation with weak stratum is very limited and is not enough to bear upper load, so that the arch foot and the tunnel are causedThe tunnel is settled wholly, which is very unfavorable for the stability of the tunnel.
The foot-locking anchor pipe can play the roles of restraining the tunnel steel frame from sinking and sharing the load of the tunnel arch foot foundation, thereby improving the stability of the tunnel arch foot foundation. The stability of the tunnel arch springing foundation is directly influenced by the load transmission condition of the tunnel arch springing foundation under the support of the locking anchor pipe. In order to ensure the stability of the tunnel arch springing foundation, when the locking anchor pipes are designed, the transmission condition of the load of the tunnel arch springing foundation under the support of the locking anchor pipes needs to be known, the transmission characteristics of the load of the tunnel arch springing foundation under different support parameters of the locking anchor pipes are revealed, and the rationality of the design of the support parameters of the locking anchor pipes is further ensured.
Due to the fact that the tunnel field environment is complex, interference factors are numerous, the tunnel arch springing foundation load transfer characteristics under the support of the locking anchor pipe are researched through field tests, time and labor are wasted, and errors of test results are large. Due to excessive simplification in research, it is difficult to effectively and accurately reflect the transfer characteristics of tunnel arch springing foundation load under the support of the lock pin anchor pipe by theoretical analysis methods such as numerical simulation and analytic method. The simulation loading of the tunnel arch springing foundation under the lock anchor pipe support is not interfered by the limitation of the field and the tunnel environment and the complex factors, and simultaneously, the problem of too much simplification in analysis does not exist, so that the method is an ideal means for researching the load transfer characteristics of the tunnel arch springing foundation under the lock anchor pipe support. However, a test device and a method for load transmission of a tunnel arch springing foundation under the support of a locking anchor pipe are not available at present. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a device and a method for testing the load transfer of the tunnel arch springing foundation under the support of the lock pin anchor pipe.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems, the invention provides a device and a method for testing the load transfer of the tunnel arch springing foundation under the support of the lock pin anchor pipes, which can reveal the transfer characteristics of the tunnel arch springing foundation load under different support parameters and different loading conditions of the lock pin anchor pipes.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a tunnel hunch foot foundation load transfer test device under lock foot anchor pipe is strutted, its characterized in that includes: the device comprises a profile steel frame, a foot locking anchor pipe, a jack, a pressure sensor, a reaction frame and a stacking box;
the section steel frame and the lock leg anchor pipe are connected in a welding mode through a connecting piece; the jack is arranged at the top of the section steel frame, and the pressure sensor is arranged between the bottom of the section steel frame and a foundation; the reaction frame is placed on the ground, and the stacking box is placed on the reaction frame; the upper portion of jack is in the center department that the reaction frame is close to the crossbeam lower edge of lock foot anchor pipe one side, can ensure to realize the loading to the steelframe, under the combined action of piling and carrying gravity and the vertical power of jack, the reaction frame left and right sides is the symmetry atress, avoids reaction frame and heap year case to take place to overturn, the unstability to ensure loading safety, and guarantee the loading effect.
Further, welding a first connecting steel plate on the top of the section steel frame, wherein the first connecting steel plate is used as a platform for placing the jack; the testing device further comprises a second connecting steel plate and a third connecting steel plate, the pressure sensor is arranged between the second connecting steel plate and the third connecting steel plate, the upper edge of the second connecting steel plate is connected with the bottom of the profile steel frame, the upper edge of the pressure sensor is connected with the lower edge of the second connecting steel plate, the lower edge of the pressure sensor is connected with the upper edge of the third connecting steel plate, and the lower edge of the third connecting steel plate is in contact with the foundation.
Furthermore, the connecting piece between the profile steel frame and the lock foot anchor pipe is an L-shaped connecting piece or an annular connecting piece, namely, the actual connecting mode of the medium-sized steel frame and the lock foot anchor pipe in tunnel design and construction is adopted, no approximation or simplification treatment is performed, and the authenticity of load transmission between the profile steel frame and the lock foot anchor pipe is ensured.
Furthermore, the reaction frame is formed by welding I-steel or H-shaped steel, and steel ribs are respectively welded on four edges of the upper surface of the reaction frame to prevent the stacking box from sideslipping on the reaction frame.
The stacking and carrying box is cuboid or cube in shape; when the reaction frame is arranged in the stacking box, the stacking load close to one side of the lock leg anchor pipe is larger than the stacking load far away from one side of the lock leg anchor pipe, so that the stability of the reaction frame in the extension process of the jack is facilitated.
A test method for load transfer of tunnel arch springing foundation under support of lock pin anchor pipes adopts the test device as a simulation test platform, and comprises the following steps:
(1) drilling a locking anchor pipe on a vertical slope or a tunnel hole wall, and constructing the simulation test platform for loading the tunnel arch springing foundation under the support of the locking anchor pipe;
(2) after the simulation test platform is built, the jack is pressurized, and in the process of extending the jack, the steel frame is vertically loaded by using the counter force provided by the counter force frame; in the process of generating vertical displacement of the profile steel frame, load transmission occurs between the profile steel frame and the lock anchor pipe and between the profile steel frame and the arch foundation, and a data acquisition instrument is used for acquiring data of a pressure sensor between the bottom of the profile steel frame and the foundation so as to realize the test of the foundation load of the foundation of the profile steel frame base under the support of the lock anchor pipe;
(3) step-by-step loading is carried out vertically along the profile steel frame, arch foot foundation load and foundation settlement are respectively tested, and the relationship between vertical loading and foundation load and foundation settlement is analyzed;
(4) changing support parameters of the lock leg anchor pipes, considering the connection form of the lock leg anchor pipes and the section steel frame and considering whether the lock leg anchor pipes are grouted, repeatedly testing according to the steps (1) to (3), evaluating the support parameters of the lock leg anchor pipes and the load transfer characteristics of the tunnel arch leg foundation under different loading conditions, and revealing the load transfer characteristics of the tunnel arch leg foundation under the support of the lock leg anchor pipes.
Further, in the step (1), a pneumatic rock drill or a down-the-hole drill is adopted to drill the foot-locking anchor pipe on the vertical side slope or the tunnel wall.
Further, in the step (4), the support parameters of the lock leg anchor pipes include the length, the driving angle, the diameter and the number of the lock leg anchor pipes.
The invention has the beneficial technical effects that:
in the prior art, the load transfer of the tunnel arch springing foundation under the support of the locking anchor pipe is researched by a field test, a numerical simulation or an analysis method, and the method in the prior art is difficult to accurately and effectively reflect the real transfer condition of the tunnel arch springing foundation under the support of the locking anchor pipe due to the limits of field conditions and the influence of complex factors and the frequent assumptions of the numerical simulation and the analysis method. According to the method, on one hand, a simulation test platform for loading the tunnel arch springing foundation under the support of the locking anchor pipe is built, the test platform is not limited by a field, interference factors are few, and the influence of complex tunnel field test environment and numerous interference factors on a test result can be avoided; the upper part of a jack in the test platform is propped against the center of the lower edge of the cross beam on one side, close to the foot-locking anchor pipe, of the reaction frame, the axis of the jack is vertically consistent with the axis of the profile steel frame, the load can be ensured to be always kept vertically downward in the whole loading process, and therefore the real simulation of the vertical load of the tunnel can be realized; on the other hand, the connection conditions between the steel frame and the lock anchor pipe and the arch foundation are not simplified and assumed, and are completely consistent with the actual situation of the tunnel site, so that the authenticity of load transmission among the steel frame, the lock anchor pipe and the arch foundation in the process of a simulated loading test is ensured. In addition, by using the test method, the support parameters of the anchor pipes with different locking feet and the transfer characteristics of the tunnel arch foot foundation load under different loading conditions can be analyzed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a simulation test platform for load transfer of tunnel arch springing foundation under support of a locking anchor pipe in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic connection diagram of a jack, a profile steel frame, a lock pin anchor pipe and a pressure sensor in the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the connection between the pressure sensor and the second and third connecting steel plates according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a reaction frame according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a stacker in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
reference numerals: 1-section steel frame; 2-locking anchor pipe; 3-a reaction frame; 4-a pressure sensor; 5-stacking and loading box; 6-a jack; 7-a circumferential connecting piece; 8-a first connecting steel plate; 9-a second connecting steel plate; 10-a third connecting steel plate; 11-steel ribs.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
On the contrary, the invention is intended to cover alternatives, modifications, equivalents and alternatives which may be included within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. Furthermore, in the following detailed description of the present invention, certain specific details are set forth in order to provide a better understanding of the present invention. It will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without these specific details.
The method aims at researching the load transfer of the tunnel arch springing foundation under the support of the locking anchor pipe through a field test, a numerical simulation or an analysis method in the prior art. Due to the limitation of field conditions and the influence of complex factors, and the frequent more assumptions of numerical simulation and analysis methods, the method in the prior art is difficult to accurately and effectively reflect the real transmission condition of the tunnel arch springing foundation load under the support of the locking anchor pipe.
The embodiment of the invention provides a test device for transmitting load of a tunnel arch springing foundation under a lock pin anchor pipe support, which is used for revealing the transmission characteristic of the load of the tunnel arch springing foundation under the lock pin anchor pipe support. As shown in fig. 1, the test device includes: the device comprises a profile steel frame 1, a foot locking anchor pipe 2, a jack 6, a pressure sensor 4, a reaction frame 3 and a stacking box 5; the section steel frame 1 and the lock foot anchor pipe 2 are connected in a welding mode through a connecting piece; the jack 6 is arranged at the top of the steel frame 1, and the pressure sensor 4 is arranged between the bottom of the steel frame 1 and a foundation; the reaction frame 3 is placed on the ground, and the stacking box 5 is placed on the reaction frame 3; the upper part of the jack 6 is propped against the center of the lower edge of the cross beam on one side of the reaction frame 3 close to the foot-locking anchor pipe 2.
Preferably, a first connecting steel plate 8 is welded at the top of the section steel frame and is used as a platform for placing the jack; the testing device further comprises a second connecting steel plate 9 and a third connecting steel plate 10, the pressure sensor is arranged between the second connecting steel plate 9 and the third connecting steel plate 10, the upper edge of the pressure sensor is connected with the lower edge of the second connecting steel plate, the lower edge of the pressure sensor is connected with the upper edge of the third connecting steel plate, and the lower edge of the third connecting steel plate is in contact with the foundation.
Preferably, the connecting piece between the profile steel frame and the lock foot anchor pipe is an L-shaped connecting piece or an annular connecting piece. The reaction frame is formed by welding I-shaped steel or H-shaped steel, and steel ribs are welded on four edges of the upper surface of the reaction frame respectively to prevent the stacking box from sideslipping on the reaction frame. The stacking and carrying box is cuboid or cube in shape; when the reaction frame is arranged in the stacking box, the stacking load close to one side of the lock leg anchor pipe is larger than the stacking load far away from one side of the lock leg anchor pipe, so that the stability of the reaction frame in the extension process of the jack is facilitated.
Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a schematic connection diagram of a jack 6, a profile steel frame 1, a foot-locking anchor pipe 2 and a pressure sensor 4, wherein the profile steel frame 1 and the foot-locking anchor pipe 2 are connected by welding through an annular connecting piece 7, and the jack 3 is placed on a first connecting steel plate 8 welded to the top of the jack 6; in the embodiment, the type of the section steel frame 1 is I20a I-steel, and the length is 50 cm; the pipe body of the lock pin anchor pipe 2 is a hot-rolled seamless steel pipe, the pipe diameter is 42mm, the wall thickness is 3.5mm, the length is 4m, and the included angle between the pipe body and the horizontal plane is 15 degrees; the jack 3 is an oil pressure jack with an oil meter, and the maximum load capacity is 25 tons; the first connecting steel plate 8 has a length of 24cm, a width of 22cm and a thickness of 2 cm.
Referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the connection between the pressure sensor and the connecting steel plate, the upper edge of the pressure sensor 4 is connected with the lower edge of the second connecting steel plate 9, the lower edge of the pressure sensor 4 is connected with the upper edge of the third connecting steel plate 10, and the lower edge of the third connecting steel plate 10 is connected with the ground.
Referring to fig. 4, fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a reaction frame, preferably, the reaction frame 3 has a length of 3m, a width of 2m and a height of 1.4m, and in order to prevent the stacking box from sideslipping on the reaction frame, 1 steel rib 11 with a cross-sectional dimension of 2.5cm × 2.5cm is welded on each of four edges of the upper surface of the reaction frame 3.
Referring to fig. 4 and fig. 4, which are schematic views of the stowage box, preferably, the size of the stowage box 5 is 1.5 mx 1.5m, when the stowage box is placed on the reaction frame, the stowage load on the side close to the leg-locking anchor tube is larger than the stowage load on the side far from the leg-locking anchor tube, so as to facilitate the stability of the reaction frame in the process of extending the jack, in this embodiment, the number of the stowage box 5 is 9, 6 stowage boxes on the side close to the leg-locking anchor tube, and 3 stowage boxes on the side far from the leg-locking anchor tube.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a test method for load transmission of the tunnel arch springing foundation under the support of the lock pin anchor pipe, which comprises the following steps:
(1) drilling a foot-locking anchor pipe on a vertical slope by using a pneumatic rock drill, and then building a simulation test platform for loading the tunnel arch foot foundation under the support of the foot-locking anchor pipe, wherein in other embodiments, a down-the-hole drill or other operation modes can be used for drilling, and in other embodiments, the tunnel wall can also be drilled; during specific operation, the lock leg anchor pipe is conveyed into the drill hole, and the exposed end part of the lock leg anchor pipe is welded with the profile steel frame; according to the method, 1-3 groups of lock leg anchor pipes are arranged on the left side and the right side of the section steel frame, the number of each group of lock leg anchor pipes is 2, after the ground is leveled, the reaction frame is displaced above the section steel frame, and the center of a cross beam of the reaction frame close to one side of the section steel frame is ensured to be just above the section steel frame; placing the stacking box on a reaction frame, and requiring that the stacking load close to one side of the lock leg anchor pipe is larger than the stacking load far away from one side of the lock leg anchor pipe; the jack is placed on a steel plate welded with the top of the section steel frame, the axis of the jack is kept consistent with the axis of the section steel frame in the vertical direction, and the upper part of the jack is jacked at the center of the reaction frame, close to the lower edge of the cross beam on one side of the lock leg anchor pipe;
(2) after the simulation test platform is built, the jack 6 is pressurized, and the steel frame 1 is vertically loaded by using the counter force provided by the counter force frame 3 in the process of extending the jack 6; in the process that the profile steel frame 1 generates vertical displacement, load transmission occurs between the profile steel frame 1 and the foot-locking anchor pipes 2 and the arch foot foundation, and a data acquisition instrument is used for acquiring data of a pressure sensor 4 between the bottom of the profile steel frame 1 and the foundation, so that the foundation load of the base of the profile steel frame 1 under the support of the foot-locking anchor pipes 2 is tested;
(3) step-by-step loading is carried out vertically along the section steel frame 1, arch foot foundation load and foundation settlement are respectively tested, and the relationship between vertical loading and foundation load and foundation settlement is analyzed;
(4) changing the support parameters of the lock leg anchor pipe 2, including the length, the driving angle and the diameter of the lock leg anchor pipe, considering the connection form of the lock leg anchor pipe 2 and the section steel frame 1 and whether the lock leg anchor pipe 2 is grouted, and repeatedly testing according to the steps (1) to (3), evaluating the support parameters of the lock leg anchor pipe and the load transfer characteristics of the tunnel arch leg foundation under different loading conditions, and revealing the load transfer characteristics of the tunnel arch leg foundation under the support of the lock leg anchor pipe.
By adopting the test method for transmitting the load of the tunnel arch springing foundation under the support of the locking anchor pipe, on one hand, the influences of complex environment and numerous interference factors of a tunnel field test can be avoided, the load is ensured to be kept vertically downward all the time in the whole loading process, and the real simulation of the vertical load of the tunnel is realized; on the other hand, the connection conditions between the steel frame and the lock anchor pipe and the arch foundation are not simplified and assumed, and are completely consistent with the actual situation of the tunnel site, so that the authenticity of load transmission among the steel frame, the lock anchor pipe and the arch foundation in the process of a simulated loading test is ensured. In addition, the test method is beneficial to analyzing the support parameters of the anchor pipes with different lock feet and the transfer characteristics of the load of the tunnel arch springing foundation under different loading conditions.
The above-mentioned contents are only for illustrating the technical idea of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby, and any modification made on the basis of the technical idea of the present invention falls within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a tunnel hunch foot foundation load transfer test device under lock foot anchor pipe is strutted, its characterized in that includes: the device comprises a profile steel frame, a foot locking anchor pipe, a jack, a pressure sensor, a reaction frame and a stacking box;
the section steel frame and the lock leg anchor pipe are connected in a welding mode through a connecting piece; the jack is arranged at the top of the section steel frame, and the pressure sensor is arranged between the bottom of the section steel frame and the tunnel arch foot foundation; the reaction frame is placed on the ground, and the stacking box is placed on the reaction frame; the upper part of the jack is propped against the center of the lower edge of the cross beam on one side of the reaction frame close to the lock leg anchor pipe;
the test device is used as a simulation test platform, after the simulation test platform is built, the jack is pressurized, and the steel frame is vertically loaded by using the counter force provided by the counter force frame in the process of extending the jack; in the process that the profile steel frame generates vertical displacement, load transmission occurs between the profile steel frame and the foot-locking anchor pipe as well as between the profile steel frame and the tunnel arch foundation, and a data acquisition instrument is used for acquiring data of a pressure sensor between the bottom of the profile steel frame and the tunnel arch foundation, so that the load test of the tunnel arch foundation on the base of the lower profile steel frame supported by the foot-locking anchor pipe is realized;
and loading step by step along the vertical direction of the section steel frame, testing the load of the tunnel arch springing foundation and the settlement of the tunnel arch springing foundation respectively, and analyzing the relationship between the vertical loading and the load of the tunnel arch springing foundation and the settlement of the tunnel arch springing foundation.
2. The device for testing load transmission of the tunnel arch springing foundation under the support of the lock-foot anchor pipes according to claim 1, wherein a first connecting steel plate is welded on the top of the section steel frame and is used as a platform for placing the jack; the testing device further comprises a second connecting steel plate and a third connecting steel plate, the pressure sensor is arranged between the second connecting steel plate and the third connecting steel plate, the upper edge of the pressure sensor is connected with the lower edge of the second connecting steel plate, the lower edge of the pressure sensor is connected with the upper edge of the third connecting steel plate, and the lower edge of the third connecting steel plate is in contact with the tunnel arch springing foundation.
3. The device for testing load transmission of the tunnel arch springing foundation under the support of the lock-foot anchor pipes according to claim 1, wherein the connecting piece between the section steel frame and the lock-foot anchor pipes is an L-shaped connecting piece or an annular connecting piece.
4. The device for testing the load transfer of the tunnel arch springing foundation under the support of the lock-foot anchor pipes according to the claim 1, wherein the reaction frame is formed by welding I-shaped steel or H-shaped steel, and steel ribs are respectively welded on four edges of the upper surface of the reaction frame to prevent the loading box from sideslipping on the reaction frame.
5. The device for testing load transfer of the tunnel arch springing foundation under the support of the lock-foot anchor pipes according to claim 1, wherein the stacking box is in a shape of a cuboid or a cube; when the reaction frame is arranged in the stacking box, the stacking load close to one side of the lock leg anchor pipe is larger than the stacking load far away from one side of the lock leg anchor pipe, so that the stability of the reaction frame in the extension process of the jack is facilitated.
6. A test method for load transfer of tunnel arch springing foundation under the support of locking anchor pipes, which adopts the test device of any one of claims 1-5 as a simulation test platform, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) drilling a locking anchor pipe on a vertical slope or a tunnel hole wall, and constructing the simulation test platform for loading the tunnel arch springing foundation under the support of the locking anchor pipe;
(2) after the simulation test platform is built, the jack is pressurized, and in the process of extending the jack, the steel frame is vertically loaded by using the counter force provided by the counter force frame; in the process that the profile steel frame generates vertical displacement, load transmission occurs between the profile steel frame and the foot-locking anchor pipe as well as between the profile steel frame and the tunnel arch foundation, and a data acquisition instrument is used for acquiring data of a pressure sensor between the bottom of the profile steel frame and the tunnel arch foundation, so that the load test of the tunnel arch foundation on the base of the lower profile steel frame supported by the foot-locking anchor pipe is realized;
(3) loading step by step along the vertical direction of the section steel frame, respectively testing the load of the tunnel arch springing foundation and the settlement of the tunnel arch springing foundation, and analyzing the relationship between the vertical loading and the load of the tunnel arch springing foundation and the settlement of the tunnel arch springing foundation;
(4) changing support parameters of the lock leg anchor pipes, considering the connection form of the lock leg anchor pipes and the section steel frame and considering whether the lock leg anchor pipes are grouted, repeatedly testing according to the steps (1) to (3), evaluating the support parameters of the lock leg anchor pipes and the load transfer characteristics of the tunnel arch leg foundation under different loading conditions, and revealing the load transfer characteristics of the tunnel arch leg foundation under the support of the lock leg anchor pipes.
7. The method for testing the load transmission of the tunnel arch springing foundation under the support of the lockpin anchor pipe according to the claim 6, wherein in the step (1), the hole drilling operation of the lockpin anchor pipe is carried out on the vertical side slope or the tunnel wall by using a pneumatic rock drill or a down-the-hole drill.
8. The method for testing the load transfer of the tunnel arch springing foundation under the support of the lock leg anchor pipes according to the claim 6, wherein in the step (4), the support parameters of the lock leg anchor pipes comprise the length, the driving angle, the diameter and the number of the lock leg anchor pipes.
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