CN110821719A - Ignition type internal combustion engine and hydrogen fuel cell hybrid power system and fuel supply method thereof - Google Patents

Ignition type internal combustion engine and hydrogen fuel cell hybrid power system and fuel supply method thereof Download PDF

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CN110821719A
CN110821719A CN201810907212.6A CN201810907212A CN110821719A CN 110821719 A CN110821719 A CN 110821719A CN 201810907212 A CN201810907212 A CN 201810907212A CN 110821719 A CN110821719 A CN 110821719A
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internal combustion
combustion engine
fuel cell
ignition chamber
hydrogen fuel
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隆武强
田华
田江平
崔靖晨
王阳
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Dalian University of Technology
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Dalian University of Technology
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M25/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture
    • F02M25/10—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture adding acetylene, non-waterborne hydrogen, non-airborne oxygen, or ozone
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
    • C01B3/323—Catalytic reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds other than hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N5/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy
    • F01N5/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy the devices using heat
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
    • H01M8/0625—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material in a modular combined reactor/fuel cell structure
    • H01M8/0631—Reactor construction specially adapted for combination reactor/fuel cell
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/0205—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step
    • C01B2203/0227—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step
    • C01B2203/0233—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step the reforming step being a steam reforming step
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/06—Integration with other chemical processes
    • C01B2203/066—Integration with other chemical processes with fuel cells
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/12—Feeding the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/1205—Composition of the feed
    • C01B2203/1211—Organic compounds or organic mixtures used in the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/1217—Alcohols
    • C01B2203/1223—Methanol
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
  • Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a spark-ignition internal combustion engine and hydrogen fuel cell hybrid power system, and belongs to the field of energy conservation and emission reduction. Hydrogen gas from a storage tank or produced on-line is supplied to a hydrogen fuel cell and the motor is driven by the generated electricity. The excessive unreacted hydrogen in the fuel cell enters a collecting tank and is injected by an air inlet passage or an ignition chamber of the internal combustion engine, so that the mixed gas in the cylinder contains hydrogen in a certain proportion; the hydrogen flame propagation speed is high, H, O and OH active radicals are generated in the combustion process, so that the combustion speed of the direct injection main fuel is accelerated, the lean combustion capability is enhanced, the thermal efficiency of the internal combustion engine is improved, and the NOx emission is reduced.

Description

Ignition type internal combustion engine and hydrogen fuel cell hybrid power system and fuel supply method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of energy conservation and emission reduction, in particular to a spark-ignition type internal combustion engine and hydrogen fuel cell hybrid power system and an internal combustion engine fuel supply method thereof.
Background
The internal combustion engine adopts lean combustion technology to reduce combustion temperature, improve engine thermal efficiency and reduce NOx (nitrogen oxide) emission. When the excess air coefficient is larger than 1.5, the fuel-air mixture in the cylinder of the internal combustion engine is difficult to ignite, the combustion speed is slow, incomplete fuel combustion is easy to cause, the power output fluctuation of the engine is large, and the oil consumption is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problems in the lean combustion technology of the existing internal combustion engine, the invention provides a spark ignition type internal combustion engine and a hydrogen fuel cell hybrid power system. Removing excess unreacted H from the hydrogen fuel cell2Collected and supplied from the engine intake and cylinder head firing chambers. H2The flame propagation speed is high, a large amount of H, O and OH active radicals are generated in the combustion process, the rapid and stable combustion of the mixed gas in the cylinder of the internal combustion engine is promoted, the lean combustion limit is greatly improved, the combustion temperature is reduced, and therefore the thermal efficiency of the internal combustion engine is improved and the NOx emission is reduced.
The technical means adopted by the invention are as follows:
a spark-ignition internal combustion engine and hydrogen fuel cell hybrid power system comprising: the ignition type internal combustion engine comprises an ignition type internal combustion engine and an electric motor, wherein the ignition type internal combustion engine is a reciprocating type internal combustion engine or a rotary type internal combustion engine. The main fuel of the internal combustion engine is provided by the storage tank, and the motor is driven by the hydrogen fuel cell; it also comprises a H2Storage tank and a H2A recovery tank;
the storage tank is connected with an in-cylinder direct injection nozzle arranged on the cylinder cover through a pipeline, H2The storage tank 11 is connected with the H through a pipeline2Supplying the hydrogen fuel cell to a power generation drive motor;
unreacted excess H in a hydrogen fuel cell2Flows into H through the pipeline2A recovery tank; h2The recovery tank is connected with an air inlet channel H2Nozzle I and ignition chamber H arranged on ignition chamber2A nozzle II;
an ignition chamber 7 is arranged in the cylinder cover of the internal combustion engine, the ratio of the volume of the ignition chamber to the total clearance volume of the compression top dead center is less than 5 percent, and the ignition chamber is internally provided withH2The inner space of the ignition chamber is communicated with the inner space of the cylinder through 1 or more ignition chamber spray holes.
Further, still include: a methanol reforming hydrogen production device;
a methanol reforming hydrogen production apparatus comprising:
the methanol storage tank, the vaporizer, the reforming reactor and the separation purifier are sequentially connected with the vaporizer, the reforming reactor and the separation purifier through pipelines to prepare H2，H2Supplying hydrogen fuel cell to generate electricity and electrically driving motor; the excessive methanol and the condensed water separated by the separation purifier flow back to the vaporizer through pipelines; excess unreacted H in a hydrogen fuel cell2Flows into H through the pipeline2And (6) a recovery tank.
Further, the methanol reforming hydrogen production device further comprises: a vaporizer heat exchanger and a reforming reactor heat exchanger for absorbing heat from an exhaust pipe of the internal combustion engine;
the methanol water solution in the methanol storage tank flows through the vaporizer and the reforming reactor to generate hydrogen and CO as main components under the action of the catalyst2The reformed gas passes through a separation purifier, and hydrogen is purified and supplied to a hydrogen fuel cell; the heat required to heat the vaporizer and the reforming reactor comes from the exhaust pipe of the internal combustion engine, and the temperature is controlled by the vaporizer heat exchanger and the reforming reactor heat exchanger.
Further, an ignition chamber is not provided in a cylinder head of the internal combustion engine, only a spark plug is installed, and the spark plug discharges electricity near a compression top dead center to directly ignite the cylinder content H2The fuel gas mixture is diluted.
Further, the cylinder head of the internal combustion engine may not be provided with an in-cylinder direct injection nozzle, and in this case, the main fuel is injected only by using the intake passage main fuel nozzle.
Further, the main fuel of the internal combustion engine uses one or a mixture of several of natural gas, methanol, LPG, gasoline, ethane and propane.
Further, H of an intake passage of the internal combustion engine2Nozzle I and ignition chamber H arranged on ignition chamber of internal combustion engine2H sprayed by nozzle II2Derived directly from H2Storage tank。
A fuel supply method for a spark ignition type internal combustion engine and a hydrogen fuel cell hybrid system, wherein a main fuel is injected from a main fuel injection nozzle of an intake passage H in an intake stroke2Nozzle spray H2Controlling the injection quantity according to the working condition to make the main fuel and H enter the cylinder2Excess air ratio of air-fuel mixture>1.5. In the suction stroke or the compression stroke, the ignition chamber H2Nozzle spray H2Is remixed with the mixture gas pressed into the ignition chamber in the compression stroke to form an excess air ratio<1.5 of mixed gas; compressing the upper dead point, discharging by spark plug, igniting the mixture in the ignition chamber, burning to form flame jet in the ignition chamber, and igniting the cylinder containing H2Rarefied combustible mixed gas; h injected in intake passage and ignition chamber2Derived from H2A recovery tank; according to H of hydrogen fuel cell2Demand, control from H2H with storage tank supplying hydrogen fuel cell2(ii) a Unreacted residual H in hydrogen fuel cells2Into H2And (6) a recovery tank.
According to the invention adopting the technical scheme, the hybrid power system consists of the ignition type internal combustion engine and the motor driven by the hydrogen fuel cell for power generation. The main fuel of an internal combustion engine is injected by intake port injection or direct in-cylinder injection. In addition, a small amount of H is injected in the intake passage2Injecting a small amount of H into the ignition chamber2. Controlling the injection amount of the main fuel so that the main fuel, H2And the intake air forms a lean mixture having an excess air ratio of more than 1.5 in the cylinder.
An ignition chamber is arranged in a cylinder cover of the internal combustion engine, and H is filled in the ignition chamber2The ignition chamber is connected with the space in the cylinder through an injection hole of the ignition chamber. Controlling H in ignition chamber2The injection quantity is such that the excess air ratio of the combustible mixture in the ignition chamber is less than 1.5. Compressing the gas mixture near the top dead center, igniting the gas mixture in the ignition chamber by the spark plug, burning to form flame jet in the ignition chamber, and igniting the gas mixture in the cylinder2The fuel gas mixture is diluted.
H injected in air inlet channel and ignition chamber of internal combustion engine2Excess H from unreacted hydrogen in a hydrogen fuel cell2. H required for hydrogen fuel cell2Can be directly from H2The storage tank can also be prepared by reforming methanol (CH4O) and water, and the reaction is CH4O + H2O＝CO2+3H2. The methanol water solution enters a vaporizer to form superheated methanol steam and steam, the superheated methanol steam and the steam enter a reforming reactor, and H is prepared by reforming2After separation and purification, the hydrogen is supplied to a hydrogen fuel cell to generate electricity and drive a motor electrically. Unreacted excess H in hydrogen fuel cells2Collected and supplied to the internal combustion engine. The heat required for the vaporization superheating of the aqueous methanol solution and the hydrogen production by reforming is provided by the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: adding proper amount of H into the mixed gas in the cylinder of the internal combustion engine2Reuse of H in the ignition chamber2The air mixture is combusted to form a jet flow to ignite the lean mixture in the cylinder, because of H2The flame propagation speed is high, a large amount of H, O and OH active radicals are generated in the combustion, the combustion of the lean mixture in the cylinder is rapid and stable, the lean combustion limit is improved, the combustion temperature is reduced, the thermal efficiency of the internal combustion engine is improved, and the emission of NOx (nitrogen oxide) is reduced.
In addition, the heat required by the vaporization overheating of the methanol aqueous solution and the hydrogen production by reforming is provided by the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine, so that the energy utilization efficiency of the hybrid power system is further improved.
Based on the reason, the invention can be widely popularized in the field of energy conservation and emission reduction.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a spark ignition type internal combustion engine and hydrogen fuel cell hybrid power system of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the combustion of the mixture in the ignition chamber near the compression top dead center of the internal combustion engine to form a flame jet and ignite the lean mixture in the cylinder.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the internal combustion engine and methanol hydrogen production fuel cell hybrid power system of the invention.
In the figure:
1. intake port, 2, intake main fuel nozzle, 3, direct in-cylinder injection nozzle, 4, H2Nozzles I, 5, H2Main fuel and air mixture, 6, H2Nozzle II, 7, ignition chamber, 8, spark plug, 9, exhaust pipe, 10, main fuel storage tank, 11, H2Storage tank 11a, methanol storage tank 12, vaporizer 12a, vaporizer heat exchanger 13, reforming reactor 13a, reforming reactor heat exchanger 14, separation purifier 15, hydrogen fuel cell 16, motor 17, H2Recovery tank 18, ignition chamber spray hole 19, H-containing2And (3) rarefied combustible mixed gas, 20, and flame jet flow of an ignition chamber.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
The relative arrangement of the components and steps, the numerical expressions and numerical values set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention unless specifically stated otherwise. Meanwhile, it should be understood that the sizes of the respective portions shown in the drawings are not drawn in an actual proportional relationship for the convenience of description. Techniques, methods, and apparatus known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail, but are intended to be part of the specification where appropriate. Any specific values in all examples shown and discussed herein are to be construed as exemplary only and not as limiting. Thus, other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, further discussion thereof is not required in subsequent figures.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a spark ignition type internal combustion engine and hydrogen fuel cell hybrid system includes: a spark-ignition internal combustion engine, the main fuel of which is supplied by the tank 10, and an electric motor 16, which is driven by the hydrogen fuel cell 15; it also comprises a H2Tank 11 and an H2 A recovery tank 17;
the storage tank 10 is connected to the in-cylinder direct injection nozzle 2, H provided in the cylinder head through a pipe2The storage tank 11 is connected with the H through a pipeline2A power generation drive motor 16 supplied to the hydrogen fuel cell 15;
unreacted excess H in the hydrogen fuel cell 152Flows into H through the pipeline2 A recovery tank 17; h2The recovery tank is connected with an air inlet channel H2Nozzle I4 and ignition chamber H arranged on ignition chamber 72A nozzle II 6;
the ignition chamber 7 is arranged in the cylinder cover of the internal combustion engine, the ratio of the volume of the ignition chamber to the total clearance volume of the compression top dead center is less than 5 percent, and H is filled in the ignition chamber2Nozzle II 6 and spark plug 8, in the ignition chamberThe space is communicated with the space in the cylinder through 1 or more ignition chamber spray holes 18.
Further, still include: a methanol reforming hydrogen production device;
a methanol reforming hydrogen production apparatus comprising:
a methanol storage tank 11a, a vaporizer 12, a reforming reactor 13 and a separation purifier 14 the methanol storage tank 11a is connected with the vaporizer 12, the reforming reactor 13 and the separation purifier 14 in turn through pipelines to prepare H2，H2A hydrogen fuel cell 15 for generating electricity and an electric drive motor 16; the excessive methanol and the condensed water separated by the separation purifier 14 flow back to the vaporizer 12 through pipelines; excess unreacted H in the hydrogen fuel cell 152Flows into H through the pipeline2 A recovery tank 17.
As shown in fig. 3, further, the methanol reforming hydrogen production apparatus further includes: a vaporizer heat exchanger 12a and a reforming reactor heat exchanger 13a for absorbing heat of the exhaust pipe 9 of the internal combustion engine;
the aqueous methanol solution in the methanol storage tank 11a flows through the vaporizer 12 and the reforming reactor 13, and is produced into hydrogen and CO as main components under the action of the catalyst2The reformed gas is passed through a separation purifier 14, and hydrogen gas is purified and supplied to a hydrogen fuel cell 15; the heat required to heat the vaporizer 12 and the reforming reactor 13 comes from the engine exhaust pipe 9, and the temperature is controlled by the vaporizer heat exchanger 12a and the reforming reactor heat exchanger 13 a.
Further, an ignition chamber is not provided in a cylinder head of the internal combustion engine, only a spark plug is installed, and the spark plug discharges electricity near a compression top dead center to directly ignite the cylinder content H2Lean combustible gas mixture 19.
Further, the cylinder head of the internal combustion engine may not be provided with the in-cylinder direct injection nozzle 2, and the main fuel is injected only with the intake passage main fuel nozzle 3.
Further, the main fuel of the internal combustion engine uses one or a mixture of several of natural gas, methanol, LPG, gasoline, ethane and propane.
Further, H of an intake passage of the internal combustion engine2Nozzle I4 and ignition chamber H arranged on ignition chamber 7 of internal combustion engine2H sprayed by nozzle II 62Derived directly from H2 A storage tank 11.
Further, the spark plug of the internal combustion engine may be replaced with a plasma nozzle.
A fuel supply method for a spark ignition type internal combustion engine and a hydrogen fuel cell hybrid system, wherein a main fuel is injected from a main fuel injection nozzle 3 of an intake passage H in an intake stroke2Nozzle spray H2Controlling the injection quantity according to the working condition to make the main fuel and H enter the cylinder2Excess air ratio of air-fuel mixture 5>1.5. In the suction stroke or the compression stroke, the ignition chamber H2Nozzle 6 sprays H2Is remixed with the mixture gas pressed into the ignition chamber in the compression stroke to form an excess air ratio<1.5 of mixed gas; near the compression top dead center, the spark plug 8 discharges to ignite the mixed gas in the ignition chamber, the mixed gas is combusted to form a flame jet flow 20 in the ignition chamber, and the ignition cylinder contains H2A lean combustible mixed gas 20; h injected in intake passage and ignition chamber2Derived from H2 A recovery tank 17; according to H of the hydrogen fuel cell 152Demand, control from H2H supplied from the storage tank 11 to the hydrogen fuel cell 152(ii) a Unreacted residual H in hydrogen fuel cells2Into H2 A recovery tank 17.
According to the invention adopting the technical scheme, the hybrid power system consists of the ignition type internal combustion engine and the motor driven by the hydrogen fuel cell for power generation. The main fuel of an internal combustion engine is injected by intake port injection or direct in-cylinder injection. In addition, a small amount of H is injected in the intake passage2Injecting a small amount of H into the ignition chamber2. Controlling the injection amount of the main fuel so that the main fuel, H2And the intake air forms a lean mixture having an excess air ratio of more than 1.5 in the cylinder.
An ignition chamber is arranged in a cylinder cover of the internal combustion engine, and H is filled in the ignition chamber2The ignition chamber is connected with the space in the cylinder through an injection hole of the ignition chamber. Controlling H in ignition chamber2The injection quantity is such that the excess air ratio of the combustible mixture in the ignition chamber is less than 1.5. Compressing the gas mixture near the top dead center, igniting the gas mixture in the ignition chamber by the spark plug, burning to form flame jet in the ignition chamber, and igniting the gas mixture in the cylinder2Thin combustible materialAnd (4) mixing the gases.
H injected in air inlet channel and ignition chamber of internal combustion engine2Excess H from unreacted hydrogen in a hydrogen fuel cell2. H required for hydrogen fuel cell2Can be directly from H2The storage tank can also be prepared by reforming methanol (CH4O) and water, and the reaction is CH4O + H2O＝CO2+3H2. The methanol water solution enters a vaporizer to form superheated methanol steam and steam, the superheated methanol steam and the steam enter a reforming reactor, and H is prepared by reforming2After separation and purification, the hydrogen is supplied to a hydrogen fuel cell to generate electricity and drive a motor electrically. Unreacted excess H in hydrogen fuel cells2Collected and supplied to the internal combustion engine. The heat required for the vaporization superheating of the aqueous methanol solution and the hydrogen production by reforming is provided by the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. A spark-ignition internal combustion engine and hydrogen fuel cell hybrid power system comprising: a spark-ignited internal combustion engine and electric machine (16), characterized by: the ignition type internal combustion engine is a reciprocating type internal combustion engine or a rotary type internal combustion engine; the main fuel of the internal combustion engine is provided by a storage tank (10), and the motor is driven by the hydrogen fuel cell (15) to generate electricity; it also comprises a H2A storage tank (11) and a H2A recovery tank (17);
the storage tank (10) is connected with an in-cylinder direct injection nozzle (2) arranged on the cylinder cover through a pipeline, and H2The storage tank (11) is used for discharging H through a pipeline2A power generation drive motor (16) supplied to the hydrogen fuel cell (15);
unreacted excess H in the hydrogen fuel cell (15)2Flows into H through the pipeline2A recovery tank (17); said H2The recovery tank is connected with an air inlet channel H2A nozzle I (4) and an ignition chamber H arranged on the ignition chamber (7)2A nozzle II (6);
the ignition chamber (7) is arranged in a cylinder cover of the internal combustion engine, the ratio of the volume of the ignition chamber to the total clearance volume of the compression top dead center is less than 5 percent, and H is filled in the ignition chamber2The inner space of the ignition chamber is communicated with the inner space of the cylinder through 1 or more ignition chamber spray holes (18).
2. The fuel supply method of the hybrid system according to claim 1, characterized in that:
in the intake stroke, the main fuel is injected from the main fuel injection nozzle (3) of the intake passage H2Nozzle spray H2Controlling the injection quantity according to the working condition to make the main fuel and H enter the cylinder2Excess air ratio of air-mixed gas (5)>1.5; in the suction stroke or the compression stroke, the ignition chamber H2The nozzle (6) sprays H2Is remixed with the mixture gas pressed into the ignition chamber in the compression stroke to form an excess air ratio<1.5 of mixed gas; near the compression top dead center, a spark plug (8) discharges to ignite the mixed gas in the ignition chamber, the mixed gas is combusted to form a flame jet flow (20) of the ignition chamber, and H is contained in the ignition cylinder2A lean combustible mixture (19); h injected in air inlet passage and ignition chamber2Derived from H2A recovery tank (17); according to H of the hydrogen fuel cell (15)2Demand, control from H2The storage tank (11) supplies H of the hydrogen fuel cell (15)2(ii) a Unreacted residual H in hydrogen fuel cells2Into H2A recovery tank (17).
3. A spark ignition internal combustion engine and hydrogen fuel cell hybrid power system as defined in claim 1, further comprising: a methanol reforming hydrogen production device;
the methanol reforming hydrogen production device comprises:
the device comprises a methanol storage tank (11a), a vaporizer (12), a reforming reactor (13) and a separation purifier (14), wherein the methanol storage tank (11a) is sequentially connected with the vaporizer (12), the reforming reactor (13) and the separation purifier (1) through pipelines4) Preparation of H2，H2A hydrogen fuel cell (15) for generating electricity and an electric drive motor (16); the excess methanol and the condensed water separated by the separation purifier (14) flow back to the vaporizer (12) through pipelines; excess unreacted H in the hydrogen fuel cell (15)2Flows into H through the pipeline2A recovery tank (17).
4. A spark ignition type internal combustion engine and hydrogen fuel cell hybrid system according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the cylinder cover of internal combustion engine is not equipped with ignition chamber, only is equipped with spark plug, and near the compression top dead centre, the spark plug can discharge electricity, and can directly ignite the H content in the cylinder2The fuel gas mixture is diluted.
5. A spark ignition type internal combustion engine and hydrogen fuel cell hybrid system according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that:
the cylinder head of the internal combustion engine is not provided with the in-cylinder direct injection nozzle (2), and only the main fuel is injected by adopting the main fuel nozzle (3) of the air inlet channel.
6. A spark ignition type internal combustion engine and hydrogen fuel cell hybrid system according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the main fuel of the internal combustion engine is one or a mixture of a plurality of natural gas, methanol, LPG, gasoline, ethane and propane.
7. A spark ignition type internal combustion engine and hydrogen fuel cell hybrid system according to claim 1, characterized in that:
h of intake passage of internal combustion engine2Nozzle I (4) and ignition chamber H arranged on ignition chamber 7 of internal combustion engine2H sprayed by nozzle II (6)2Derived directly from H2A storage tank (11).
8. A spark ignition type internal combustion engine and hydrogen fuel cell hybrid system according to claim 3, characterized in that:
the methanol reforming hydrogen production device further comprises: a vaporizer heat exchanger (12a) and a reforming reactor heat exchanger (13a) for absorbing heat of an exhaust pipe (9) of the internal combustion engine;
the vaporizer heat exchanger (12a) supplies heat to the heating vaporizer (12);
the reforming reactor heat exchanger (13a) supplies heat to the reforming reactor (13).
9. A spark ignition type internal combustion engine and hydrogen fuel cell hybrid system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the spark plug may be replaced with a plasma nozzle.
CN201810907212.6A 2018-08-07 2018-08-07 Ignition type internal combustion engine and hydrogen fuel cell hybrid power system and fuel supply method thereof Pending CN110821719A (en)

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