CN110816311A - Method for operating a battery pack system and electric vehicle - Google Patents

Method for operating a battery pack system and electric vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110816311A
CN110816311A CN201910725155.4A CN201910725155A CN110816311A CN 110816311 A CN110816311 A CN 110816311A CN 201910725155 A CN201910725155 A CN 201910725155A CN 110816311 A CN110816311 A CN 110816311A
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China
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battery
module
battery module
charge
state
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Granted
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CN201910725155.4A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN110816311B (en
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C.沃尔
G.汉特
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H01M10/486—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for measuring temperature
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/21—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having the same nominal voltage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/64—Constructional details of batteries specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/22—Balancing the charge of battery modules
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
    • B60L58/25—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by controlling the electric load
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H01M10/441—Methods for charging or discharging for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H01M10/443—Methods for charging or discharging in response to temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H01M10/482—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
    • B60L2240/545—Temperature
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
    • B60L2240/549—Current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for operating a battery system of an electric vehicle, wherein the battery system has at least two battery modules that can be connected in parallel and each battery module has at least one battery cell, and wherein the individual battery modules can be connected to a consumer separately and independently of one another, comprising the following steps: detecting a first module temperature of a first battery module and a second module temperature of a second battery module; switching the first battery module to the load if the module temperature of the first battery module exceeds a predefined minimum temperature and if the module temperature of the second battery module is below the predefined minimum temperature; the second battery module is switched on to the load earliest if the module temperature of the second battery module exceeds a predefined minimum temperature. The invention also relates to an electric vehicle comprising a battery system operated with the method according to the invention.

Description

Method for operating a battery pack system and electric vehicle
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for operating a battery system of an electric vehicle, wherein the battery system has at least two parallel-connectable battery modules and each battery module has at least one battery cell, and wherein the individual battery modules can be disconnected from one another and switched on independently to a consumer. Furthermore, the invention relates to an electric vehicle comprising a battery system which is operated with the method according to the invention.
Background
It appears that: in the future, electrically driven motor vehicles are increasingly used. Rechargeable battery systems are used in electrically driven motor vehicles, such as electric vehicles and hybrid vehicles, but also in stationary applications, primarily to supply electric energy to the electric drive. In particular, battery systems with lithium battery cells are suitable for such applications. Lithium battery cells are characterized in particular by high energy density, thermal stability and minimal self-discharge. A plurality of such lithium battery cells are electrically connected in series and parallel with each other and connected into a battery module. The battery pack system of the electric vehicle includes a plurality of battery pack modules that are thus constructed and connected in parallel with each other.
At low temperatures, the battery module comprising the lithium battery cells cannot be operated or at least cannot be operated optimally, since the lithium battery cells have a relatively high internal resistance at low temperatures. Therefore, the module temperature of the battery module should exceed a predefined minimum temperature before the battery module is switched on to the consumer.
If the battery modules of the battery system are individually removable and can be charged individually by means of an external charging device, it can happen that the individual battery modules removed from the battery system and charged in the house have a higher module temperature than the other battery modules remaining in the battery system during this time. Particularly strongly differing module temperatures may occur if the battery system is part of an electric vehicle parked in the outer region at low temperatures.
In addition, the battery modules of such battery systems may have different states of charge. When a parallel circuit of battery modules having different states of charge is manufactured, a compensation current flows between the battery modules. Therefore, before the parallel circuit of the individual battery modules is manufactured, the state of charge of the battery modules must be at least approximately equal in order to minimize such compensation currents.
A battery system having a plurality of battery cells, which are connected in series to form a plurality of cell stacks, is known from document US 2012/0293130 a 1. In this case, each cell stack can be switched on to the load by means of a switch, so that a parallel circuit of the cell stacks can be produced. The switches are controlled by a control unit, wherein the control unit measures or calculates state variables of the individual cell stacks.
An electric vehicle and a control method provided for this purpose are disclosed in document US 2015/0360579. An electric vehicle includes first and second battery packs, which may be connected in parallel as well as in series. Here, the respective battery packs are connected in parallel according to the measured temperature of the battery packs.
Disclosure of Invention
A method for operating a battery pack system of an electric vehicle is provided. Here, the battery system has at least two battery modules that can be connected in parallel. Each battery module has at least one battery cell, preferably a plurality of battery cells. The battery cells are, for example, rechargeable lithium battery cells, which are electrically connected in series and in parallel with one another.
The individual battery modules can be connected to the consumers separately and independently of one another. Switching on is understood in particular to mean establishing an electrical connection to the consumer, whereby electrical energy can flow from the switched-on battery module to the consumer. Switching on may also be understood as establishing an electrical connection of the individual battery modules, whereby the switched-on battery modules are connected in parallel with each other. The battery modules connected in parallel with one another in this way can then be connected to the consumer.
The individual battery modules can also be separated from one another and removed from the battery system independently and can be charged separately by means of an external charging device. That is, in particular, each battery module can be removed and charged, while the remaining battery modules remain in the battery system and are not charged here. Thus, the respective battery modules may have different module temperatures and different states of charge when starting the electric vehicle.
The method according to the invention is carried out in particular when the electric vehicle and thus the battery system are operated after a period of non-use, for example when the electric vehicle is started in the morning when the electric vehicle is not used in the preceding night. The method according to the invention can be advantageously applied in particular when the individual battery modules are charged by means of an external charging device during an unused phase. The battery modules of the battery system may thus have different module temperatures and different states of charge. The method according to the invention comprises at least the steps mentioned subsequently.
First, a first module temperature of a first battery module of the battery system and a second module temperature of a second battery module of the battery system are detected. Then, the first battery module is switched on to the load if the module temperature of the first battery module exceeds a predefined minimum temperature and if the module temperature of the second battery module is below the predefined minimum temperature.
However, if the module temperature of the second battery module likewise exceeds the predefined minimum temperature, the second battery module of the battery system is switched on to the load at the earliest. It is conceivable that other conditions must also be met in order to switch the second battery module on to the consumer. Such conditions are described later.
Preferably, the subsequently mentioned steps are carried out if the module temperature of the second battery module exceeds a predefined minimum temperature.
First, a battery current flowing through a consumer is detected. Subsequently, the battery current flowing through the consumer is compared with a predefined current threshold value.
Likewise, a first state of charge of the first battery module and a second state of charge of the second battery module are first detected. Next, the first state of charge of the first battery module is compared with the second state of charge of the second battery module.
According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the second battery module is switched on to the load at the earliest when the battery current flowing through the load is below a predefined current threshold value and when the absolute value of the difference between the first state of charge of the first battery module and the second state of charge of the second battery module is below a predefined threshold value.
The second battery module is preferably only switched on to the consumer when the module current that can be supplied by the second battery module is at least half the battery current flowing through the consumer. It is important for the balanced operation of the battery system that the module currents of the parallel battery modules are at least approximately equal. Therefore, the first battery module and the second battery module, after being switched on, each have to provide half of the battery current flowing through the load. The first battery module supplies the full battery current flowing through the consumer before the second battery module is switched on and can therefore in any case supply half the battery current flowing through the consumer.
The module current that can be provided by the second battery module depends, inter alia, on the second module temperature. As long as the second module temperature is below a predefined minimum temperature, the second battery module cannot supply current. The second battery module can provide a maximum module current if the second module temperature exceeds a predefined operating temperature. The operating temperature is greater than the minimum temperature. The module current that the second battery module can provide rises, in particular linearly in the form of a ramp, if the second module temperature lies between the minimum temperature and the operating temperature.
Preferably, the second battery module is not switched on to the consumer if the module current that can be supplied by the second battery module is at most half the battery current flowing through the consumer. In this case, the parallel circuit formed by the first battery module and the second battery module cannot supply the battery current required by the consumer.
According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the second battery module is not switched on to the consumer if the battery current flowing through the consumer exceeds a predefined current threshold.
According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the second battery module is not switched on to the load if the absolute value of the difference between the first state of charge of the first battery module and the second state of charge of the second battery module exceeds a predefined threshold value and if the first state of charge of the first battery module is higher than the second state of charge of the second battery module. In this case, first only the first battery module is discharged until the states of charge of the battery modules are equal to each other.
According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, a switch is made to the second battery module if the absolute value of the difference between the first state of charge of the first battery module and the second state of charge of the second battery module exceeds a predefined threshold value and if the first state of charge of the first battery module is less than the second state of charge of the second battery module. Switching means that the first battery module is switched off, i.e. electrically disconnected from the load, and the second battery module is switched on. In this case, only the second battery module is first discharged until the states of charge of the battery modules are equal to each other.
An electric vehicle is also proposed, which comprises a battery system which is operated with the method according to the invention.
THE ADVANTAGES OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
By means of the method according to the invention, battery modules of a battery system having different module temperatures can be connected in parallel with one another relatively quickly, wherein in particular a waste of electrical energy is avoided to the greatest possible extent. Also, battery modules of the battery system at different state of charge levels may be connected in parallel with each other relatively quickly. As long as all required switch-on conditions are met, the individual battery modules are switched on. The method according to the invention makes it possible to provide the maximum possible power to the electric vehicle relatively quickly. Overheating of the battery modules and of the battery system is also advantageously prevented by the switching process between the battery modules and the resulting switching operation of the individual battery modules. The method according to the invention also allows for a long possible operating time of the electric vehicle and thus a greater travel of the electric vehicle. The method according to the present invention is suitable for application in battery systems having any number of battery modules that can be connected in parallel. The method according to the invention is designed such that no additional hardware components are required. In particular, the balancing unit can advantageously be dispensed with. The method according to the invention is therefore particularly suitable for cost-effective mass-market systems.
Drawings
Embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail with the aid of the figures and the following description.
Wherein:
fig. 1 shows a schematic view of a battery system having a plurality of battery modules, and
fig. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a method for operating a battery system.
Detailed Description
In the following description of embodiments of the invention, identical or similar elements are denoted by identical reference numerals, wherein repeated descriptions of these elements are dispensed with in individual cases. The figures only schematically show the subject matter of the invention.
Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a battery pack system 10 of an electric vehicle having a plurality of battery pack modules 5. Each battery module 5 of the battery system 10 comprises a plurality of battery cells 2, which are currently electrically connected in series with each other. The battery cells 2 may be connected not only in parallel but also in series with each other within the battery module 5. Currently, all of the battery modules 5 of the battery system 10 are identically constructed.
Each battery cell 2 includes electrode units having an anode and a cathode, respectively. The anode of the electrode unit is connected to the negative terminal of the battery cell 2. The cathode of the electrode unit is connected to the positive terminal of the battery cell 2. In order to connect the battery cells 2 of the battery module 5 in series, the negative terminal of one battery cell 2 is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the adjacent battery cell 2, respectively.
The battery modules 5 may now be electrically connected in parallel. On the input side, the battery modules 5 are electrically connected to one another. On the output side, each battery module 5 is electrically connected with an individual module switch 61. The battery modules 5 are also electrically connected to each other at the output side by closing the module switch 61. Thus, with the module switch 61 closed, the battery modules 5 are electrically connected in parallel.
The battery system 10 is connected to an electrical load 20 of the electric vehicle, in particular to a drive motor. The consumer 20 is assigned a main switch 65. With the closed module switch 61 and the closed main switch 65, a module current IM flows through the associated battery module 5. A battery current IB flows through the consumer 20. The battery current IB corresponds to the sum of the module currents IM of the parallel battery modules 5.
Fig. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a method for operating a battery system 10, which is connected to an electrical consumer 20 of an electric vehicle. In a start step 100, the electric vehicle and the battery pack system 10 are switched on. The module temperatures of all the battery modules 5 of the battery system 10 are detected. The method is described here in a simplified manner by means of a battery system 10 having a first battery module 5 and a second battery module 5. Here, the battery module 5 having a higher module temperature is referred to as a first battery module 5, and the battery module 5 having a lower module temperature is referred to as a second battery module 5. Of course, the method can also be adapted to a battery system 10 having a plurality of battery modules 5.
First, in step 101, a first module temperature is compared with a predefined minimum temperature. If the first module temperature is less than the minimum temperature, the battery module 5 cannot be turned on. If the first module temperature is greater than the minimum temperature, the second module temperature is compared with a predefined minimum temperature in step 102.
If the second module temperature is less than the minimum temperature, the first battery module 5 is switched on to the consumer 20 in step 103. In step 104, the electric vehicle is operated, wherein the second module temperature rises and wherein the first state of charge of the first battery module 5 falls.
In a repeated step 102, the second module temperature is again compared with a predefined minimum temperature. If the second module temperature is now higher than the minimum temperature, in step 203 a battery current IB flowing through the consumer 20 is detected and compared with a predefined current threshold value.
If the battery current IB flowing through the load 20 exceeds the predefined current threshold, the second battery module 5 cannot be switched on, and the electric vehicle continues to operate with the first battery module 5 in step 204. Step 203 is repeated.
If the battery current IB flowing through the consumer 20 is below a predefined current threshold, a first state of charge of the first battery module 5 and a second state of charge of the second battery module 5 are detected in step 205. Furthermore, the first state of charge of the first battery module 5 is compared with the second state of charge of the second battery module 5.
If the absolute value of the difference between the first state of charge of the first battery module 5 and the second state of charge of the second battery module 5 exceeds a predefined threshold value and if the first state of charge of the first battery module 5 is less than the second state of charge of the second battery module 5, a switch is made to the second battery module 5 in step 206. Then, the electric vehicle continues to operate with the second battery module 5 in step 207. Step 203 is repeated.
If the absolute value of the difference between the first state of charge of the first battery module 5 and the second state of charge of the second battery module 5 exceeds a predefined threshold value and if the first state of charge of the first battery module 5 is higher than the second state of charge of the second battery module 5, the second battery module 5 is not switched on and the electric vehicle continues to run with the first battery module 5 in step 208. Step 203 is repeated.
If the absolute value of the difference between the first state of charge of the first battery module 5 and the second state of charge of the second battery module 5 is below a predefined threshold value, in step 211 a module current IM which can currently be provided by the second battery module 5 is determined.
The module current IM that can be supplied by the second battery module 5 depends in particular on the second module temperature. As long as the second module temperature is below a predefined minimum temperature, the second battery module 5 cannot supply the module current IM. The second battery module 5 can provide the maximum module current IM if the second module temperature exceeds a predefined operating temperature which is greater than the minimum temperature. The module current IM that the second battery module 5 can provide rises, for example linearly in the form of a ramp, if the second module temperature lies between the minimum temperature and the operating temperature.
If the module current IM available from the second battery module 5 is at most half the battery current IB flowing through the consumer 20, the second battery module 5 is not switched on and the electric vehicle continues to operate with the first battery module 5 in step 212. Step 203 is repeated.
If the module current IM that can be provided by the second battery module 5 is at least half the battery current IB flowing through the consumer 20, the second battery module 5 is switched on in step 213.
The electric vehicle is then operated in step 214 with the first battery module 5 and the second battery module 5, which first battery module 5 and second battery module 5 are now connected in parallel. The driving operation ends at a later time in an end step 400.
The present invention is not limited to the embodiments described herein and the aspects emphasized therein. Rather, a number of variants are possible within the scope of the description set out by the claims, which lie within the scope of the treatment of the person skilled in the art.

Claims (9)

1. Method for operating a battery system (10) of an electric vehicle, wherein the battery system (10) has at least two battery modules (5) that can be connected in parallel and each battery module (5) has at least one battery cell (2), and wherein the individual battery modules (5) can be disconnected from one another and connected individually to a load (20), comprising the following steps:
-detecting a first module temperature of a first battery module (5) and a second module temperature of a second battery module (5);
-switching the first battery module (5) on to the electrical load (20) if the module temperature of the first battery module (5) exceeds a predefined minimum temperature and if the module temperature of the second battery module (5) is below a predefined minimum temperature;
-switching the second battery module (5) on to the electrical load (20) earliest if the module temperature of the second battery module (5) exceeds a predefined minimum temperature.
2. Method according to claim 1, wherein the following steps are carried out if the module temperature of the second battery module (5) exceeds a predefined minimum temperature:
-detecting a battery current (IB) flowing through the consumer (20);
-comparing the battery current (IB) flowing through the consumer (20) with a predefined current threshold value;
-detecting a first state of charge of a first battery module (5) and a second state of charge of a second battery module (5);
-comparing the first state of charge of the first battery module (5) with the second state of charge of the second battery module (5).
3. Method according to claim 2, wherein the second battery module (5) is switched on to the electrical consumer (20) earliest if the battery current (IB) flowing through the electrical consumer (20) is below a predefined current threshold and if the absolute value of the difference between the first state of charge of the first battery module (5) and the second state of charge of the second battery module (5) is below a predefined threshold.
4. A method according to claim 3, wherein a second battery module (5) is switched on to the electrical consumer (20) if the module current (IM) that can be provided by the second battery module (5) is at least half the battery current (IB) flowing through the electrical consumer (20).
5. Method according to one of claims 3 to 4, wherein a second battery module (5) is not switched on to the load (20) if the module current (IM) that can be supplied by the second battery module (5) is at most half the battery current (IB) flowing through the load (20).
6. Method according to one of claims 2 to 5, wherein a second battery module (5) is not switched on to the consumer (20) if the battery current (IB) flowing through the consumer (20) exceeds a predefined current threshold.
7. Method according to one of claims 2 to 6, wherein the second battery module (5) is not switched on to the electrical consumer (20) if the absolute value of the difference between the first state of charge of the first battery module (5) and the second state of charge of the second battery module (5) exceeds a predefined threshold value and if the first state of charge of the first battery module (5) is higher than the second state of charge of the second battery module (5).
8. Method according to one of claims 2 to 7, wherein a switch is made to the second battery module (5) if the absolute value of the difference between the first state of charge of the first battery module (5) and the second state of charge of the second battery module (5) exceeds a predefined threshold value and if the first state of charge of the first battery module (5) is less than the second state of charge of the second battery module (5).
9. An electric vehicle comprising at least one battery system (10) operating with a method according to one of the preceding claims.
CN201910725155.4A 2018-08-08 2019-08-07 Method for operating a battery system and electric vehicle Active CN110816311B (en)

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