CN110809654B

CN110809654B - Method and device for compacting a ballast bed of a track

Info

Publication number: CN110809654B
Application number: CN201880043555.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: T·菲利普
Original assignee: Plasser und Theurer Export Von Bahnbaumaschinen GmbH
Current assignee: Plasser und Theurer Export Von Bahnbaumaschinen GmbH
Priority date: 2017-07-04
Filing date: 2018-06-06
Publication date: 2022-03-22
Anticipated expiration: 2038-06-06
Also published as: EP3649289A1; EP3649289B1; WO2019007621A1; EA039695B1; JP7044809B2; US20200141063A1; CA3063806A1; CN110809654A; JP2020525672A; EA201900527A1; PL3649289T3; AT519738A4; US11542666B2; AT519738B1; ES2890246T3

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for compacting a track ballast bed (2) by means of a tamping unit (1), said tamping unit (1) comprising two oppositely positioned tamping tools (6), said tamping tools (6) being actuated by vibration during a tamping operation being lowered into said track ballast bed (2) and moved towards each other by a pressing movement. According to the invention, at least one variable vibration parameter (16,23) is specified, which is dependent on the penetration time (13) into the ballast bed (2) of the track, until the tamping tool (6) has reached the desired penetration depth.

Description

Method and device for compacting a ballast bed of a track

Technical Field

The invention relates to a method for compacting a track ballast bed by a tamping unit, which comprises two tamping tools positioned opposite each other, which are lowered into the track ballast bed during a tamping operation and are moved towards each other by a pressing movement, actuated by vibration. In addition, the invention relates to a device for carrying out the method.

Background

Tamping units for tamping sleepers are known, for example, from AT 500972B 1 or AT 513973B 1. The vibrations acting on the tamping tool can be generated mechanically by means of an eccentric shaft or by means of hydraulic pulses in a linear motor.

AT 515801B 1 describes a method for compacting a ballast bed of a track by means of a tamping unit, in which a mass figure for the hardness of the ballast bed is to be displayed (

ziffer). For this purpose, noteThe pressing force of the pressing cylinder associated with the pressing path is recorded and a characteristic number (Kennziffer) is defined by the energy consumption derived therefrom. However, since a large amount of energy lost in the system is not considered, the information value of the feature data is not large. In addition, the total energy actually introduced into the ballast during the tamping operation still does not allow a reliable assessment of the condition of the ballast bed. Furthermore, in order to determine the energy-optimized amplitude or frequency, the superstructure (Oberbau) must first be determined, which has a very large impact on the time and cost of the tamping process.

Disclosure of Invention

The object of the invention is to improve the prior art with respect to a method and a device of the type mentioned at the outset.

According to the invention, this object is achieved by a method according to the first aspect and by an apparatus according to the second aspect.

According to a first aspect, a method is provided for compacting a track ballast bed by a tamping unit, which comprises two oppositely positioned tamping tools, which are lowered into the track ballast bed by vibration during a tamping operation and are moved towards each other by a pressing movement, characterized in that at least one variable vibration parameter is specified in relation to the penetration time into the track ballast bed until the tamping tools reach a desired penetration depth. In this way, an energy-optimized penetration of the tamping tool is achieved. In this case, the vibration parameters are automatically changed as the penetration time increases, so that the penetration process is always adapted to the conditions of the actual ballast bed. Thus, it is not necessary to determine initially the superstructure and its ballast bed stiffness or resistance. Based on the penetration time, conclusions can be drawn about the hardness of the ballast bed.

For this purpose, in a simple embodiment of the method, the vibration parameters are varied by means of a table and/or a curve stored in the control system. Accordingly, the vibration parameters can be adjusted quickly through few calculations.

In addition, it is advantageous if the specified dependence of the vibration parameter on the penetration time is varied in real time. In this way, it is possible to react quickly to certain conditions, such as: the vibration parameters increase more rapidly with increasing penetration time. In addition, the operator of the working machine can always optimize in real time for the specifications of the tamping operation.

Advantageously, the increased amplitude is assigned as a vibration parameter. In the case of a loose ballast bed (new layer) with low resistance, a small amplitude is sufficient for the tamping tool to penetrate. For such a loose ballast bed, the amplitude does not have to be increased. The mass of the tamping unit is sufficient to lower the tamping tool to the desired working depth. In the case of a hard ballast bed (long service life), the tamping tool takes longer to perform the threading operation, since the ballast has a higher resistance. The amplitude increases with penetration time to counteract and overcome the higher penetration resistance.

A further improvement provides for assigning a variable frequency as the vibration parameter. The variation of the frequency with penetration time has an energy-optimizing effect on the tamper unit. For example, in the case of a loose ballast bed, the frequency can be kept small. Only with hard ballast beds does the frequency and therefore the energy consumption increase with increasing penetration time.

In addition, it is advantageous to record the penetration time and the energy consumed for penetrating the ballast bed of the track in the evaluation device. Since the energy required during each penetration is recorded, a simple document is generated that can be used to further optimize the maintenance period.

The apparatus according to a second aspect of the invention for carrying out any of the foregoing methods comprises a tamping unit comprising two oppositely positioned tamping tools coupled to a hydraulic extrusion drive and a vibration drive, respectively, via a pivoting arm, wherein the dependency of at least one vibration parameter on the penetration time is specified in a control system.

In this case, it is advantageous to provide an evaluation device for recording the penetration time and/or the consumed energy. By recording and evaluation, the energy balance of the tamping unit is continuously improved.

A further development of the device proposes that the control system is designed as an intelligent control in order to automatically adjust a specific correlation of the vibration parameters with the penetration time in order to achieve energy optimization. For example, the intelligent control device may be designed with learning capabilities to include previously recorded tamping operations in energy optimization.

In addition, it is advantageous to couple the control system to the operating unit in order to change the specified dependence of the vibration parameter on the penetration time in real time. Thus, the operator can still intervene in the control of the tamping unit, and thus in the tamping operation, during each tamping procedure.

Drawings

The invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings:

fig. 1 shows a schematic view of a tamping unit;

fig. 2 shows a schematic representation of the optimal penetration behaviour (Eindringverhalten).

Detailed Description

Fig. 1 shows a tamping unit 1 in a simplified manner, the tamping unit 1 being used for compacting a track ballast bed 2 located below sleepers 3 of a track 4, the tamping unit 1 having a lowerable tool carrier 5 and pairs of tamping tools 6 located opposite one another. Each tamping tool 6 is coupled via a pivot arm 7 to a hydraulic press drive 8, which hydraulic press drive 8 simultaneously serves as a vibration drive 9. The pivot arms 7 each have an upper pivot shaft 10, on which upper pivot shafts 10 the hydraulic press drive 8 is supported. The respective pivot arm 7 is mounted on the tool holder 5 for rotation about the lower pivot axis 11. Such a tamping unit 1 is intended for installation in a track tamping machine movable on a track 4, or in a tamping satellite vehicle.

Fig. 2 shows a schematic representation 12 of the vibration curve of tamping tool 6 during the penetration process. The penetration time 13 is shown on the axis of abscissa. The ordinate axis shows the value of the oscillation 14 (vibration) of the tamping tool 6. The envelope curve 15 of the vibration oscillation 14 shows a curve of the amplitude 16. In the present example, this curve 15 shows an amplitude 16, which amplitude 16 varies as a variable vibration parameter over the penetration time 13.

In particular, amplitude 16 increases in relation to penetration time 13 on the basis of curve 15 until the desired penetration depth is reached (amplitude 16 is a function of penetration time 13). In this way, the energy-optimized vibration amplitude 16 is automatically preset as a function of the penetration time 13 and thus as a function of the resistance of the ballast bed 2. It is not necessary to determine the hardness of the superstructure and its ballast bed in advance. For example, the curve 15 shown in fig. 2 shows a linear curve.

In this schematic drawing, two

vertical lines

17 and 18 respectively show the reaching of a specified penetration depth. The first vertical line 17 corresponds to a loose bed of ballast 2 with low resistance. After a short penetration time 13, the penetration operation is now complete, while the amplitude 16 remains small.

The second vertical line 18 corresponds to a hard ballast bed 2 with high resistance. Over a longer penetration time 13, the amplitude 16 increases with the curve 15 until the penetration process is completed when the tamping tool 6 reaches a maximum oscillation. In the case of a harder ballast bed 2, the penetration process takes longer, so that the optimum amplitude 16 is automatically preset.

The curve 15 is stored, for example, as a function or in table form in a memory unit of the control system 19. In addition, several curves 15 can also be stored, wherein a selection can be made or parameters can be modified by the operating unit 20. With the intelligent control, the preset curve 15 can be automatically adjusted in real time. In this case, for example, the penetration process that has already been carried out at the present time is evaluated in order to optimize the energy consumed by the tamping tool 6 for carrying out the penetration. Conclusions can also be drawn about the condition of the ballast bed 2.

The adjustment of the preset curve 15 may also be shape dependent. For example, the increase start point 21 and the increase end point 22 of the amplitude 16 during the linear increase may be moved. Non-linear changes in vibration parameters may also be useful to react in an optimal way to existing conditions (e.g. sinusoidal increases). In addition, it is advantageous for the modification specifications to be matched to one another for the amplitude 16 and the frequency or cycle time 23 in order to optimize the oscillating movement of the tamping tool 6 during the penetration process.

To this end, the apparatus comprises an evaluation device 24, the evaluation device 24 being coupled to the control system 19. For example, the energy required for the penetration process is determined by the evaluation device 24. Here, in the case where hydraulic vibration is generated by the squeeze cylinder, the relationship of mechanical properties is as follows:

P_mech＝p₀.Q

p₀… Hydraulic supply pressure [ bar ]]；

Volume flow required for Q … squeeze cylinders

The volumetric flow of the squeeze cylinders can be evaluated using the following formula:

Q＝(A_A+A_B).a.f

A_A… large area of squeeze cylinders, [ m ]²]；

A_B… small area of squeeze cylinder, [ m ]²]；

a … amplitude 16, [ m ] of squeeze cylinder;

f … the frequency of the vibrating motion,

the calculation of the energy required to perform the penetration per penetration procedure is as follows:

t₀… starting point of penetration time 13 s]；

t_tauch… end point of penetration time 13 s]。

With a tamping unit having an eccentric drive for generating vibrations, the vibration frequency can initially be specified in the manner described above. In a variant in which the amplitude 16 is adjustable, it is also possible to specify the frequency of the vibration in relation to the penetration time 13 (see the applicant's austrian patent application with document number a 60/2017 or the application with number AT 517999 a 1).

Claims

1. A method for compacting a track ballast bed (2) by a tamping unit (1), said tamping unit (1) comprising two oppositely positioned tamping tools (6), said tamping tools (6) being activated by vibration lowered into the track ballast bed (2) and moved towards each other by a squeezing movement during a tamping operation, characterized in that at least one variable vibration parameter (16,23) is specified in relation to a penetration time (13) into the track ballast bed (2) until the tamping tools (6) reach a desired penetration depth.

2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the vibration parameters (16,23) are changed by means of a graph and/or curve (15) stored in a control system (19).

3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the specified correlation of the vibration parameter (16,23) with the penetration time (13) is varied in real time.

4. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the increased amplitude (16) is assigned as a vibration parameter.

5. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a variable frequency or cycle time (23) is specified as a vibration parameter.

6. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the penetration time (13) and the energy consumed for penetrating the track ballast bed (2) are recorded in an evaluation device (24).

7. An apparatus for carrying out the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, having a tamping unit (1), the tamping unit (1) comprising two oppositely positioned tamping tools (6), the tamping tools (6) being coupled to a hydraulic extrusion drive (8) and a vibration drive (9) via a pivoting arm (7), respectively, characterized in that the dependency of at least one vibration parameter (16,23) on the penetration time (13) is specified in a control system (19).

8. Device according to claim 7, characterized in that an evaluation means (24) is provided for recording the penetration time (13) and/or the consumed energy.

9. The device according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the control system (19) is designed as an intelligent control means in order to automatically adjust the specified dependence of the vibration parameter (16,23) on the penetration time (13) for energy optimization.

10. The device according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the control system (19) is coupled to an operating unit (20) in order to change the specified dependency of the vibration parameter (16,23) on the penetration time (13) in real time.