CN110808768A - Low earth orbit satellite ground station - Google Patents
Low earth orbit satellite ground station Download PDFInfo
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- CN110808768A CN110808768A CN201911006507.7A CN201911006507A CN110808768A CN 110808768 A CN110808768 A CN 110808768A CN 201911006507 A CN201911006507 A CN 201911006507A CN 110808768 A CN110808768 A CN 110808768A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/14—Relay systems
- H04B7/15—Active relay systems
- H04B7/155—Ground-based stations
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Abstract
The invention provides a low-orbit satellite ground station which comprises an antenna housing, an antenna feeder radio frequency system and an antenna servo system, wherein the antenna feeder radio frequency system and the antenna servo system are covered in the antenna housing, the antenna servo system comprises a rotary table, the antenna feeder radio frequency system comprises a high-gain antenna, a power amplifier, a receiver, an up-down frequency conversion module and an intermediate frequency processing module, the power amplifier, the receiver and the up-down frequency conversion module are all integrated on the high-gain antenna, the power amplifier and the receiver are all close to a feed port of the high-gain antenna, the high-gain antenna is arranged on the rotary table, a radio frequency signal received by the receiver is converted into an intermediate frequency through the up-down frequency conversion module and then is transmitted to the intermediate frequency processing module, and an automatic gain control. The ground station can track and capture the satellite, can keep the link power level from changing too much under the sunny condition so as to realize the high-quality, broadband, low-delay and low-loss transmission of information, and the total time delay does not exceed 10 ms.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to network communication, in particular to a low-orbit satellite ground station.
Background
With the development of communication and network technologies, especially the rapid development of mobile communication in a new period, communication has been developed from traditional telephone voice to high-definition real-time streaming media transmission, communication means of people are enriched more and more, the transoceanic information transmission delay is also reduced from traditional seconds to tens of milliseconds, and further to several milliseconds, and the information transmission bandwidth is also increased from thousands of bits per second to several gigabits per second. Different types of communication networks have their own distinct advantages, but also suffer from some disadvantages. A fixed broadband network can provide services with high bandwidth and high stability, but the coverage of the network is limited by geographical factors, and the mobility is extremely limited; the mobile internet can ensure the mobility of the communication terminal, but the communication quality is seriously influenced by the environment, and the coverage area of the mobile network is often limited and the mobile network cannot be used in the field; the satellite communication network can cover remote areas such as oceans, mountainous areas, deserts and the like, but the network is not flexible enough, the system management is also complex, and the system construction, operation and maintenance cost is extremely high.
The combination of 5G communication and satellite communication is called next generation mobile communication, i.e., 6G. The higher the orbit of the satellite is, the larger the coverage area is, but the longer the communication time delay is, so that the satellite for mobile communication has the orbit height of 160-2000 km, which is called low-orbit satellite (LEO), and the high-speed interconnection communication of any terminal at any time and any place can be realized by combining the 5G communication of the low-orbit satellite communication so as to meet the requirement of low time delay.
The low-orbit satellite has low orbital plane and high speed, the rotation speed around the earth is about 7km per second, the overhead time is not more than 45 minutes, and the time for effectively realizing satellite-ground data exchange is not more than 30 minutes, so that the ground station needs to solve the problems of rapid satellite capturing, tracking, timely information transmission, timely seamless satellite switching after the satellite flies over, and the like. The relay transmission and interstellar switching functions of the low earth orbit satellite ground station are key equipment for solving the problems of short overhead time, limited resources on a single satellite and the like. For communication service compatibility, the low-orbit satellite ground station is also compatible with the medium-orbit and high-orbit satellites, and communication can be established with the medium-orbit and high-orbit satellites.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a low-orbit satellite ground station.
The invention is realized by the following steps:
the embodiment of the invention provides a low-orbit satellite ground station which comprises an antenna housing, an antenna feeder radio frequency system and an antenna servo system, wherein the antenna feeder radio frequency system and the antenna servo system are covered in the antenna housing, the antenna servo system comprises a rotary table, the antenna feeder radio frequency system comprises a high-gain antenna, a power amplifier, a receiver, an up-down frequency conversion module and an intermediate frequency processing module, the power amplifier, the receiver and the up-down frequency conversion module are all integrated on the high-gain antenna, the power amplifier and the receiver are both close to a feed port of the high-gain antenna, the high-gain antenna is arranged on the rotary table, a radio frequency signal received by the receiver is converted into an intermediate frequency through the up-down frequency conversion module and then transmitted to the intermediate frequency processing module, and an automatic gain control function is additionally arranged on a radio frequency link.
Further, still include fixed baseplate, the radome cover is established on fixed baseplate, the revolving stage is installed on fixed baseplate.
Further, the antenna house includes the unit plate of polylith concatenation, each the unit plate all includes foam sandwich layer and parcel the covering of foam sandwich layer.
Furthermore, two adjacent unit plate blocks are spliced through overlapped lap joint parts, and the two lap joint parts are connected through nylon screws.
Further, still include the carrier, antenna servo demountable installation is in on the carrier.
Furthermore, the high-gain antenna is a dual-reflector ring focal antenna, the main surface of the dual-reflector ring focal antenna is a paraboloid of revolution, the secondary surface is formed by the rotation of an elliptic curve, one focal point of the secondary surface is superposed with the focal point of the main surface, the other focal point is arranged at the phase center of the feed source, an included angle is formed between the long axis of the elliptic curve of the secondary surface and the normal direction of the main surface, and the focal point of the elliptic surface of the secondary surface forms a ring shape in appearance.
Further, the antenna servo system further comprises at least one sensor of a gyroscope, a GPS, a three-dimensional magnetic compass, a fiber optic gyroscope and a rotary transformer.
The power amplifier comprises a power amplifier main channel and a power amplifier sub-channel, wherein the power amplifier main channel adopts two same power amplifiers to work alternately, the power amplifier of the power amplifier sub-channel is connected with the power amplifier of the power amplifier main channel in parallel through a switch, and the switch is controlled by a detection circuit for detecting the working condition of the power amplifier main channel.
Furthermore, the rotating platform is a three-axis rotating platform, the three axes are a lower azimuth axis, a pitching axis and an upper azimuth axis respectively, the azimuth rotation angle is 360 degrees, and the pitching rotation angle is 90 degrees.
Furthermore, the uplink frequency band of the radio frequency is 28.8-30.2 GHz, and the downlink frequency band is 17.7-20.2 GHz.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the ground station aims at a low-orbit satellite, the initial alignment of a high-gain antenna and the satellite is completed through an antenna servo system so as to achieve the purpose of tracking and capturing the satellite, an antenna feed radio frequency system is used for receiving radio frequency signals of the satellite, the radio frequency signals are modulated and demodulated through an up-down frequency conversion module and an intermediate frequency processing module, the rain attenuation of a Ka wave band of 30dB is considered in link calculation, an automatic gain control function is adopted in a radio frequency link so as to maintain that the link power level does not change too much under a clear day condition, so that the high-quality, broadband, low-delay and low-loss transmission of information is realized, and the total time delay does not exceed 10 ms.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a fixed ground station according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a mobile ground station according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a radome of the stationary ground station of fig. 1;
fig. 4 is a schematic view of a splicing structure of unit plates of a radome of the fixed ground station of fig. 1;
fig. 5 is a schematic view of a fitting structure of a radome and a fixed base of the fixed ground station of fig. 1.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1 and fig. 2, an embodiment of the present invention provides a low earth orbit satellite ground station, which includes an antenna housing 1, an antenna feed rf system 2, and an antenna servo system 3, and of course, a control center, used for controlling all parts of the ground station to work coordinately, an antenna feeder radio frequency system 2 and an antenna servo system 3 are both covered in an antenna housing 1, wherein the antenna servo system 3 comprises a turntable 31 and a driving part for driving the turntable 31 to rotate, the driving component is generally referred to as a servo motor, and the turntable 31 is controlled to rotate by the servo motor, the rotary table 31 adopts a three-axis rotary table 31, which comprises an upper azimuth axis, a pitching axis and a lower azimuth axis, and can realize that the azimuth rotation angle is 360 degrees, the pitching rotation angle is 90 degrees, therefore, the number of the servo motors is multiple, the maximum movement speed of each axis is 12 degrees per second, and satellite acquisition can be completed within seconds by matching with a satellite finding algorithm. The thinning antenna feeder radio frequency system 2 comprises a high-gain antenna 21, a power amplifier, a receiver, an up-down frequency conversion module and an intermediate frequency processing module, wherein the power amplifier, the receiver and the up-down frequency conversion module are all integrated on the high-gain antenna 21 and used for receiving and transmitting satellite radio frequency signals, the intermediate frequency processing module completes modulation and demodulation, an interface of the intermediate frequency processing module is a baseband signal, the power amplifier and the receiver are both close to a feed port of the high-gain antenna 21 and can reduce power loss and system noise as much as possible, the high-gain antenna 21 is arranged on a rotary table 31 and further drives the high-gain antenna 21 to rotate through the rotary table 31, the radio frequency signals received by the receiver are converted into intermediate frequency signals through the up-down frequency conversion module and then are transmitted to the intermediate frequency processing module. In the invention, the low-earth orbit is about 160-2000 km, the signal single-path transmission time is 6.7ms, the circuit processing time is counted, the total time delay does not exceed 10ms, Ka frequency band satellite communication is adopted, although the Ka frequency band satellite communication has the advantages of large transmission capacity, large gain of the same-aperture antenna and the like compared with the traditional C, Ku frequency band, the defects of large influence of rain attenuation, large link loss and the like are also overcome, 30dB rain attenuation of the Ka frequency band is considered in link calculation, an automatic gain control function is required to be adopted in a radio frequency link, the link power level is not changed greatly under a clear weather condition, the specific uplink frequency (transmission) is 28.8-30.2 GHz, the downlink frequency (reception) is 17.7-20.2 GHz, the frequency band is high, the frequency band is wide, and the 1.4GHz bandwidth can be covered. Generally, the ground station can be fixed, or mobile, wherein the fixed is fixed at a certain position, and the mobile is mobile by means of an onboard method to receive satellite signals. For two different link budgets, assuming that the fixed ground station transmitting power is 50dBm, the mobile ground station transmitting power is 43dBm, the Ka-band rain attenuation is calculated according to 30dB, and the losses of all connectors and cables are calculated according to 10dB in total, the link budgets of the fixed ground station and the mobile ground station are shown in tables 1 and 2:
TABLE 1 fixed uplink and downlink RF link budget for ground station
TABLE 2 uplink and downlink RF link budget for mobile ground station
Therefore, the combination of the automatic gain control function on the radio frequency link can keep the link power level not to change too much under the sunny condition.
Two embodiments of the stationary ground station and the mobile ground station are described below.
Fixed ground station:
referring to fig. 1 to 5, a fixed ground station is mostly built in remote areas, such as drilling platforms, islands, plateau unmanned areas, etc., in order to ensure the reliability of the whole, a plurality of sets of backup devices are provided inside the ground station, and when one set of devices fails, the redundant devices can automatically identify and immediately replace the failed part. Because the ground station is fixed in a certain position, the whole body of the ground station is large, and the ground station can be divided into two parts, namely an antenna housing 1 and a machine room 5, wherein the antenna housing 1 is fixed on a fixed base 4 to form a relatively sealed space, the antenna feeder radio frequency system 2 and the antenna servo system 3 are both positioned in the space, the rotary table 31 is arranged on the fixed base 4, the machine room 5 is used as a control processing center, an intermediate frequency processing module of the antenna feeder radio frequency system 2 can be arranged in the machine room 5, and the two parts are connected through a cable 51.
The fixing base 4 is formed by pouring concrete, an angle steel 41 is arranged on the inner side of the fixing base, the angle steel 41 is fixedly connected with the concrete through a fixing anchor 42, the antenna housing 1 is fixedly connected with the angle steel 41, and a sealant 43 is filled between the connection position of the angle steel 41 and the connection position of the antenna housing. In addition, in order to ensure that the load of the high-gain antenna 21 can be fully borne, the high-gain antenna can normally work under the conditions of strong wind of 45 m/s and rainfall of 1000mm/h, and collapse or lodging does not occur. In order to prevent the antenna of the satellite ground station from being struck by lightning, a lightning rod is arranged above the antenna, the fixed base 4 and the high-gain antenna 21 are reliably grounded together when the fixed base 4 is poured, and the grounding resistance is smaller than 4 ohms. The machine room 5 is a building with a brick-concrete structure flat roof, grounding piles are used at intervals of 10m, a ring-shaped grounding body is paved outside, the resistance value of each grounding resistor is smaller than 3 omega, various metal pipelines entering and exiting the machine room 5 and metal shells of all devices inside the machine room 5 are grounded, a certain safety distance is ensured between a grounding device and an inlet and an outlet of the machine room 5, and the machine room 5 is protected by high-altitude lightning rods with double branches. The inside cage lightning protection net that adopts of computer lab 5 shields electronic equipment, and all cables that get into computer lab 5 all adopt the direct buried mode of armoured cable to lay to joining in marriage electrical room, and the shielding layer metal crust at cable both ends connects to earthing device nearby. The feeder of the receiving antenna is connected in series with the lightning arrester SPD and is connected to the grounding device nearby by a plurality of strands of copper core wires. The shells of the equipment in the machine room 5 are all connected to the grounding device nearby by using a plurality of strands of copper wires. The power cable and the signal cable respectively run through the strong and weak current metal wire grooves, and the stranded copper core wires used at the two ends of the wire grooves are connected to the grounding device nearby.
Refine fixed ground station's antenna house 1 structure, can divide into two parts, wherein upper portion is the hemisphere, and the lower part is cylindrical, the columniform up end of hemispherical structure shutoff, and the columniform bottom is installed on the angle steel of unable adjustment base 4. Generally, the diameter of the hemispherical portion is 5.5 meters, a door 13 for the radome 1 to enter and exit can be opened at the position of the cylindrical bottom of the radome 1, and the door 13 should be sealed. The hemispherical part of the radome 1 comprises a plurality of unit plates 11 which can be spliced with each other, each unit plate 11 comprises a foam sandwich layer 111 and a skin 112 wrapping the foam sandwich layer 111, the surface of the unit plate is coated with an anti-aging coating, after long-term solar radiation exposure, the surface of the unit plate is not wrinkled, cracked or invalid, and the unit plate is provided with a rainproof hydrophobic coating which can normally work in the weather environment of long-term erosion of sand and dust and extra-strong sand storm, has the capability of resisting salt spray and acid-base corrosion and can prevent the growth of mould. In addition, 113 concatenations through the overlap joint portion of coincide between two adjacent unit plate pieces 11, and adopt nylon screw 12 to connect the locking between two overlap joint portions 113, can accomplish the installation in inside, accompany the rubber sealing strip between two overlap joint portions 113, and adopt the better silicon rubber of performance, guarantee the rain-proof performance of antenna house 1, the antenna house 1 of this kind of structure has the characteristics such as electrical property is excellent from this, wind-resistant ability reinforce, the outward appearance is pleasing to the eye, transportation simple to operate.
Continuing to explain the antenna feed radio frequency system 2 of the fixed ground station, the diameter of the high gain antenna 21 is 4.5m, the gain of K wave band is 54dB, the gain of Ka wave band is 58dB, a common primary reflecting surface is adopted, the diameter of the mouth surface is 4.5m, the focal diameter ratio is 0.6, the gains are 54dB (K) and 58dB (Ka), and the feed source is supported by three glass fiber reinforced plastic supporting rods. Because the fixed ground station is generally constructed in open sea, mountains and plateau areas, the whole ground station is required to have extremely high reliability, the power amplifier is a weak link of reliability according to the reliability calculation of the system, and the fault-free working time of other radio frequency devices and modules is in the order of ten million hours, so that the fixed ground station adopts a multi-stage backup assembly and adopts a plurality of groups of redundant power amplifiers to improve the reliability of the ground station. The specific implementation mode is that the power amplifier comprises a power amplifier main channel and a power amplifier auxiliary channel, wherein the power amplifier main channel adopts two same power amplifiers to work alternately, the service life reduction caused by the fact that one power amplifier works continuously for a long time is prevented, the power amplifier auxiliary channel is provided with one power amplifier, the power amplifier is connected with the power amplifier of the power amplifier main channel in parallel through a change-over switch, a checking circuit monitors the working condition of the power amplifier main channel, and if a fault occurs, the power amplifier can be switched to the power amplifier auxiliary channel in time, so that the reliability of a ground station is improved through a radio frequency switch and a monitoring circuit by the three power amplifiers.
A mobile ground station:
referring to fig. 2, the mobile ground station includes a vehicle on which an antenna servo system 3 is detachably mounted, where the vehicle may be a vehicle, a ship, an airplane, etc. and may communicate with a satellite without interruption during movement. Due to the influence of the carrier, the ground station with the structure should not have too large mass and volume, and the radome 1 can be of an integral structure, such as made of glass fiber reinforced plastics, due to the small volume.
In the mobile ground station, the high gain antenna 21 is a dual reflector circular focal antenna, such as the high gain antenna 21 having an aperture diameter of 0.6m, a focal length to diameter ratio of 0.6, a gain of 38db (k) and 42db (ka). The main surface of the double-reflector circular focal antenna is a paraboloid of revolution, the secondary surface is formed by the rotation of an elliptic curve, one focal point of the secondary surface is coincided with the focal point of the main surface, the other focal point is arranged at the phase center of the feed source, an included angle is formed between the long axis of the elliptic curve of the secondary surface and the normal direction of the main surface, the focal point of the elliptic surface of the secondary surface forms a ring shape in appearance, the main surface and the secondary surface of the double-reflector circular focal antenna are parts of a confocal rotating surface, the diameter of the common circular focal point of the main surface and the secondary surface is equal to the diameter of the secondary surface, and the secondary surface has a conical sharp-top turning point on a. The secondary surface of the dual-reflector ring focal antenna is reversely reflected compared with the main surface, so that the feed source of the high-gain antenna 21 is not in the irradiation range of the reflection field of the secondary surface, the feed source is prevented from receiving electromagnetic waves reflected by the secondary surface to influence the performance of the feed source, and the standing-wave ratio characteristic of the feed source is improved. Meanwhile, due to the inverted reflection of the secondary surface, the aperture field distribution of the high-gain antenna 21 is more uniform, so that the aperture efficiency of the antenna is improved. The Ka frequency band has short wavelength, so that the requirement on the accuracy of an antenna surface reaches 0.1mm (root mean square value). The Ka frequency band has high frequency, high antenna gain and small beam width, and the beam width is small enough to exceed the satellite positioning precision, so a servo control system must be used for capturing and tracking the satellite. Generally, the main surface of the double-reflector circular-focus antenna is integrally formed by spinning, and a radiation beam is formed by riveting an aluminum alloy plate and angle aluminum; the auxiliary surface is processed and manufactured in a numerical control mode, and the seat frame is of an upright column structure and has the advantages of being convenient to install, simple to operate, high in mechanical strength, good in interchangeability, high in precision and the like.
In addition, because the mobile ground station needs to communicate with the satellite in the moving process, the influence of carrier disturbance on the mobile ground station needs to be considered, a gyroscope needs to be installed in the antenna servo system 3 for sensing the body disturbance, and the antenna servo system 3 is controlled to compensate the influence of the carrier disturbance, so that the pointing direction of the high-gain antenna 21 in an inertial space is unchanged, besides, the antenna servo system 3 is integrated with at least one of a plurality of sensors such as a GPS, a three-dimensional magnetic compass, an optical fiber gyroscope, a rotary transformer and the like, in addition, the information of a carrier inertial attitude measurement unit and the information of antenna AGC signal intensity and the like can be fused, the initial alignment of the high-gain antenna 21 and the satellite and the dynamic alignment in the carrier moving process can be completed by driving a servo motor, and the dynamic tracking of the azimuth of 360 degrees and the pitching 0-.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a low earth orbit satellite ground station, includes antenna house, antenna and feeds radio frequency system and antenna servo, its characterized in that: the antenna is presented radio frequency system with antenna servo all covers and locates in the antenna house, antenna servo includes the revolving stage, antenna is presented radio frequency system and is included high gain antenna, power amplifier, receiver, upper and lower frequency conversion module and intermediate frequency processing module, power amplifier, receiver and upper and lower frequency conversion module all integrate extremely on the high gain antenna, power amplifier all are close to with the receiver the feed port of high gain antenna, the high gain antenna install in on the revolving stage, the radio frequency signal that the receiver was received passes through the upper and lower frequency conversion module transmit extremely after changing into the intermediate frequency processing module is equipped with, and adds the automatic gain control function on the radio frequency link.
2. The low earth orbit satellite ground station of claim 1, wherein: still include fixed baseplate, the antenna house cover is located fixed baseplate is last, the revolving stage install in fixed baseplate is last.
3. The low earth orbit satellite ground station of claim 2, wherein: the antenna housing comprises a plurality of spliced unit plates, each unit plate comprises a foam sandwich layer and a covering for wrapping the foam sandwich layer.
4. A low earth orbit satellite ground station as defined in claim 3, wherein: two adjacent unit plate pieces are spliced through overlapped overlapping parts, and the overlapping parts are connected through nylon screws.
5. The low earth orbit satellite ground station of claim 1, wherein: still include the carrier, antenna servo demountable installation in on the carrier.
6. The low earth orbit satellite ground station of claim 5, wherein: the high-gain antenna is a double-reflector circular focal antenna, the main surface of the double-reflector circular focal antenna is a paraboloid of revolution, the secondary surface is formed by the rotation of an elliptic curve, one focal point of the secondary surface is overlapped with the focal point of the main surface, the other focal point is arranged at the phase center of the feed source, an included angle is formed between the long axis of the elliptic curve of the secondary surface and the normal direction of the main surface, and the focal point of the elliptic surface of the secondary surface forms a ring shape in appearance.
7. The low earth orbit satellite ground station of claim 5, wherein: the antenna servo system also comprises at least one sensor of a gyroscope, a GPS, a three-dimensional magnetic compass, a fiber optic gyroscope and a rotary transformer.
8. The low earth orbit satellite ground station of claim 1, wherein: the power amplifier comprises a power amplifier main channel and a power amplifier auxiliary channel, wherein the power amplifier main channel adopts two same power amplifiers to work alternately, the power amplifier of the power amplifier auxiliary channel is connected with the power amplifier of the power amplifier main channel in parallel through a change-over switch, and the change-over switch is controlled through a detection circuit for detecting the working condition of the power amplifier main channel.
9. The low earth orbit satellite ground station of claim 1, wherein: the rotary table is a three-axis rotary table, the three axes are a lower azimuth axis, a pitching axis and an upper azimuth axis respectively, the azimuth rotation angle is 360 degrees, and the pitching rotation angle is 90 degrees.
10. The low earth orbit satellite ground station of claim 1, wherein: the uplink frequency band of the radio frequency is 28.8-30.2 GHz, and the downlink frequency band is 17.7-20.2 GHz.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112491462A (en) * | 2020-11-30 | 2021-03-12 | 成都泰格微电子研究所有限责任公司 | Servo control-based antenna feed system in vehicle-mounted satellite ground station |
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