CN110801026A - Dietary fiber compound nutrient with weight-losing and lipid-lowering effects and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Dietary fiber compound nutrient with weight-losing and lipid-lowering effects and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110801026A CN110801026A CN201911020656.9A CN201911020656A CN110801026A CN 110801026 A CN110801026 A CN 110801026A CN 201911020656 A CN201911020656 A CN 201911020656A CN 110801026 A CN110801026 A CN 110801026A
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- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/20—Reducing nutritive value; Dietetic products with reduced nutritive value
- A23L33/21—Addition of substantially indigestible substances, e.g. dietary fibres
- A23L33/22—Comminuted fibrous parts of plants, e.g. bagasse or pulp
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23L19/00—Products from fruits or vegetables; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L19/10—Products from fruits or vegetables; Preparation or treatment thereof of tuberous or like starch containing root crops
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
- A23L33/115—Fatty acids or derivatives thereof; Fats or oils
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/20—Reducing nutritive value; Dietetic products with reduced nutritive value
- A23L33/21—Addition of substantially indigestible substances, e.g. dietary fibres
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C11B1/00—Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials
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- C11B1/025—Pretreatment by enzymes or microorganisms, living or dead
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
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- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
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Abstract
The invention discloses a dietary fiber compound nutrient with weight-losing and lipid-lowering effects and a preparation method thereof, wherein the dietary fiber compound nutrient comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10-15 parts of tea tree pollen, 10-20 parts of oat flour, 5-10 parts of Plantago ovata husk powder, 3-5 parts of chia seed oil, 3-5 parts of cranberry concentrated powder, 0.5-1 part of sodium citrate, 0.2-0.3 part of annatto, 0.5-0.8 part of tricalcium phosphate, 4-6 parts of konjac fine powder, 3-5 parts of dandelion extract, 1-2 parts of corn stigma extract, 5-6 parts of resistant dextrin, 1-2 parts of L-arabinose and 3-5 parts of mulberry leaf extract. The konjac refined powder and chia seed oil are prepared by adopting a special process, so that the content of starch and plant fiber in the konjac refined powder is reduced, browning is avoided, the content of unsaturated fatty acid in the chia seed oil is improved, and the konjac refined powder and the chia seed oil are reasonably matched with other components rich in dietary fiber for use, so that the effects of effectively reducing blood sugar and blood fat and preventing obesity are achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of nutritional functional food and biological fermentation. More specifically, the invention relates to a dietary fiber compound nutrient with weight-losing and lipid-lowering effects and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Research shows that obesity can cause various chronic diseases, can cause a series of complications or related diseases, particularly blood sugar, blood pressure and blood fat, and is most easily affected by obesity, and the obesity is often coexisted with diabetes in a plurality of complications of the obesity. If the intervention is not performed in time, serious consequences such as death and disability can be caused.
While studies have shown that over 60% of obesity is associated with constipation. Constipation increases the absorption of energy substances in food by the human body, causes obesity, and also prolongs the action time of toxic and harmful substances on the intestinal wall, causing various diseases such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, cancer, and the like.
Therefore, how to provide a food or health-care product with the effects of losing weight and reducing fat is very important.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a dietary fiber composite nutrient with weight-reducing and lipid-lowering effects and a preparation method thereof, wherein a special process is adopted to prepare konjac powder and chia seed oil, so that the content of starch and plant fiber in the konjac powder is reduced, browning is avoided, the content of unsaturated fatty acid in the chia seed oil is increased, and the konjac powder and the chia seed oil are reasonably matched with other components rich in dietary fiber for use on the basis, so that the effects of effectively reducing blood sugar and lipid and preventing obesity are achieved.
To achieve these objects and other advantages and in accordance with the purpose of the invention, there is provided a dietary fiber complex nutrient having weight-losing and lipid-lowering effects, comprising: 10-15 parts of tea tree pollen, 10-20 parts of oat flour, 5-10 parts of Plantago ovata husk powder, 3-5 parts of chia seed oil, 3-5 parts of cranberry concentrated powder, 0.5-1 part of sodium citrate, 0.2-0.3 part of annatto, 0.5-0.8 part of tricalcium phosphate, 4-6 parts of konjac refined powder, 3-5 parts of dandelion extract, 1-2 parts of corn stigma extract, 5-6 parts of resistant dextrin, 1-2 parts of L-arabinose and 3-5 parts of mulberry leaf extract.
Preferably, the preparation method of the konjac powder comprises the following steps:
s11, removing the main buds and the root hairs of the konjak, soaking the konjak in a sodium chloride solution with the mass fraction of 0.1-0.5% for 2-3h, cleaning, peeling, freeze-drying and crushing to obtain konjak powder;
s12, inoculating the Aspergillus niger strains and the spore forming fiber-phagocytosis strains on independent potato glucose agar culture media respectively, then placing the potato glucose agar culture media into an incubator respectively, and activating the potato glucose agar culture media and the agar culture media for 48 to 72 hours at the temperature of between 28 and 35 ℃ respectively to obtain activated Aspergillus niger strains and spore forming fiber-phagocytosis strains;
culturing the activated aspergillus niger strain by adopting a prepared first liquid culture medium to obtain a liquid aspergillus niger seed solution, and culturing the activated fibroblast-producing spore-phagocytosis strain by adopting a prepared second liquid culture medium to obtain a liquid fibroblast-producing spore-phagocytosis strain seed solution;
inoculating the liquid Aspergillus niger seed liquid into a first fermentation culture medium in a fermentation tank for amplification culture at 30-35 ℃, pH 4.5-5.0, stirring at 500-800rpm for 1-2d to obtain Aspergillus niger spore suspension; and inoculating the liquid-state cytophagia cellucovora seed liquid into a second fermentation culture medium in a fermentation tank for expanded culture at the temperature of 30-40 ℃, the pH value of 3.5-4.5, the rotation speed of 400-600rpm, and stirring for 1-2d to obtain a cytophagia cellucovora suspension;
s13, adding 30-40 parts of konjac flour, 180 parts of deionized water, 20-25 parts of Aspergillus niger spore suspension, 10-15 parts of Cytophaga chrysosporium suspension, 50-55 parts of jackfruit peel and La (NO) into a reaction kettle in parts by weight3)3.6H20.5-0.6 part of O and NH4Cl 1-2 parts, KNO31-2 parts to obtain a fermentation system, and adjusting the pH of the fermentation system to 6.8-7.0;
sequentially carrying out three-stage fermentation treatment on the fermentation system:
in the first fermentation stage treatment, the fermentation temperature is 30-35 ℃, the fermentation system is stirred under the condition of the rotation speed of 300-400rpm, and simultaneously the first illumination treatment and the first magnetic field treatment are carried out on the fermentation system for 1-2 d; the first illumination treatment is as follows: the light intensity is 25-30 mu mol.m-2.s-1The red light and the light intensity are 30-35 mu mol-2.s-1Irradiating the fermentation system with blue light for 45-60 min; the first magnetic field treatment is as follows: performing magnetic field treatment on the fermentation system with 50Hz alternating magnetic field with magnetic field intensity of 0.4-0.8mT for 45-60 min;
in the second fermentation stage treatment, the fermentation temperature is 25-35 ℃, the fermentation system is stirred under the condition of the rotation speed of 500-600rpm, and simultaneously the second illumination treatment and the second magnetic field treatment are carried out on the fermentation system for 1-2 d; the second illumination treatment is as follows: the light intensity is 20-24 mu mol.m-2.s-1The red light and the light intensity are 24-28 mu mol-2.s-1Irradiating the fermentation system with blue light for 30-45 min; the second magnetic field treatment is; performing magnetic field treatment on the fermentation system with 50Hz alternating magnetic field with magnetic field strength of 0.35-0.65mT for 30-45 min;
in the third fermentation stage treatment, the fermentation temperature is 25-35 ℃, the fermentation system is stirred under the condition of the rotation speed of 300-400rpm, and simultaneously the third illumination treatment and the third magnetic field treatment are carried out on the fermentation system for 1-2 d; the third illumination treatment is as follows: the light intensity is 16-20 mu mol.m-2.s-1The red light and the light intensity are 20-22 mu mol-2.s-1Irradiating the fermentation system with blue light for 20-30 min; the third magnetic field treatment is as follows: performing magnetic field treatment on the fermentation system with 50Hz alternating magnetic field with magnetic field strength of 0.25-0.55mT for 20-30 min;
s13, heating the fermentation system subjected to the fermentation treatment in the step S12 to 85 ℃, and maintaining for 10min to complete the enzyme deactivation process to obtain konjac powder enzymolysis liquid;
s14, dispersing the konjac powder enzymolysis liquid into an ethanol solution which is 5-6 times of the mass of the konjac powder and has a volume fraction of 95%, and simultaneously performing ultrasonic treatment and stirring, wherein the ultrasonic power is 600-800W, the ultrasonic treatment time is 10-15min, and the stirring speed is 100-120 r/min;
s15, filtering the reaction system processed in the step S14, controlling the filtering pressure at 0.3-0.4MPa and the filtering temperature at 50-60 ℃, and discarding the liquid phase to obtain konjak fine powder filter residue;
s16, spray drying the konjac fine powder filter residue, wherein the air inlet temperature of a spray drying unit is 90-100 ℃, the air outlet temperature is 40-50 ℃, and the konjac fine powder is obtained after crushing and sieving.
Preferably, the first liquid medium comprises, by weight: 1% of tea polyphenol, 1.5% of cane sugar, 2.5% of glucose, 5% of malt extract and CoCl.6H2O 0.1％、CuSO4.5H2O 0.05％、FeNaEDTA 2％、H3BO30.25％、Na2MoO4.2H2O 0.15％、ZnSO4.7H2O 0.1％、MgSO40.1％、KNO30.1％、KNO30.1％、MnSO4.H20.2 percent of O and 86.85 percent of deionized water.
Preferably, in the step S12, the first fermentation medium includes, by weight: 10% of tomato juice, 2% of soluble starch, 2% of sucrose, 2% of glucose, 2.5% of corn flour, 0.5% of yeast powder and FeSO4.7H2O 0.1％、MgSO40.05％、KNO30.05％、CuCl2.2H2O 0.1％、(NH4)6Mo7O24.7H2O 0.15％、MnSO4.H20.1 percent of O and 80.45 percent of deionized water.
Preferably, the second liquid culture medium comprises, by weight: 10% of starch, 2.5% of cane sugar, 3% of peptone, 2% of FeNaEDTA and Na2MoO4.2H2O 0.15％、MgSO40.1％、KNO30.1％、MnSO4.H20.2 percent of O and 81.95 percent of deionized water.
Preferably, the second fermentation medium comprises, by weight: 10% of rice straw, 10% of corn stalk, 5% of corn flour, 5% of cane sugar, 2.5% of yeast extract and MgSO40.05％、KNO30.1％、NH4NO30.15％、MnSO4.H20.1 percent of O and 67.1 percent of deionized water.
Preferably, the preparation method of the chia seed oil comprises the following steps:
s21, taking fresh chia seeds, soaking at 25 ℃ for 24-36h, taking out, washing for 2-3 times, drying, grinding, and sieving with a 100-mesh sieve to obtain chia seed powder;
s22, taking chia seed powder, adding deionized water with the weight 5-10 times of that of the chia seed powder to obtain an enzymolysis raw material, and carrying out enzymolysis on the enzymolysis raw material to obtain an enzymolysis system; wherein, the enzymolysis process comprises the following steps:
carrying out first enzymolysis: adding trypsin 3-4 wt% of chia seed powder and permeability regulating liquid 8-10 wt% of chia seed powder to regulate permeability of cell membrane and/or cell wall, regulating pH to 6.5-7.5, stirring, heating to 40-45 deg.C while stirring, and maintaining for 35-40min to obtain a first enzymolysis system; the permeability regulating liquid consists of acid solution, glycerol, sodium chloride and lysozyme, and the acid solution comprises the following components in percentage by weight: glycerol: sodium chloride: lysozyme is 1: (0.5-0.8): (0.05-0.08): (0.01-0.03);
and (3) carrying out second enzymolysis: after the temperature of the first enzymolysis system is reduced to 20-25 ℃, adjusting the pH value to 3.5-4.5, adding pectinase according to 3.0-4.5% of the weight of the first enzymolysis system, fully stirring, heating to 50-60 ℃ while stirring, and preserving heat for 30-35min to obtain a second enzyme system;
and (3) carrying out third enzymolysis: after the temperature of the second enzyme system is reduced to 20-25 ℃, adjusting the pH value to 4.0-5.5, adding cellulase according to 2-4% of the weight of the second enzyme system, fully stirring, heating to 50-65 ℃ while stirring, and preserving heat for 25-35min to obtain a third enzyme system;
s23, after the enzymolysis is finished, heating the obtained third enzymolysis system to 85 ℃, and maintaining for 10min to finish the enzyme deactivation process to obtain a chia seed crude extraction system;
s24, adding activated carbon in the chia seed crude extraction system according to 4% of the weight of the chia seed crude extraction system, stirring uniformly, keeping the temperature at 65 ℃ for 65-85min, centrifuging, and removing sediments to obtain chia seed crude extraction liquid; filtering the crude chia seed extract with diatomite to obtain chia seed oil clear liquid, wherein the filtering pressure is controlled to be 0.3-0.4 MPa; adding 3% of activated carbon into the chia seed oil clear liquid according to the weight, standing for 45-50min, centrifuging, removing sediments, standing for 2-3h, and taking an upper oil layer to obtain the chia seed oil.
Also provides a preparation method of the dietary fiber compound nutrient with weight-losing and lipid-lowering effects, which comprises the following steps:
s100, preparing dandelion extract, corn stigma extract and mulberry leaf extract;
s200, weighing tea tree pollen, oat flour, psyllium husk powder, chia seed oil, cranberry concentrated powder, annatto, konjac powder, dandelion extract, corn stigma extract and mulberry leaf extract in parts by weight, fully mixing to obtain a raw material mixture, placing the raw material mixture in a reduced pressure concentration tank, adding deionized water which is 8-10 times of the weight of the raw material mixture, heating to 45-65 ℃, and carrying out vacuum reduced pressure concentration to obtain a concentrated solution;
s300, placing the concentrated solution into a solution preparation tank, adding the L-arabinose, the resistant dextrin, the sodium citrate and the tricalcium phosphate in parts by weight according to the claim 1 into the solution preparation tank, and uniformly stirring to obtain the dietary fiber compound nutrient with the weight-losing and lipid-lowering effects.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the dandelion extract, the corn silk extract and the mulberry leaf extract are prepared in the same manner, and each method comprises:
(1) soaking the raw materials in 8-10 times of water for 12-15h, heating to boil, maintaining the boiling state for 1-2h, and filtering to obtain a first filtrate and a first residue;
(2) drying the first filter residue, adding ethanol with volume fraction of 60 percent, which is 6-8 times of the weight of the first filter residue, into the dried first filter residue, soaking for 1-2h, heating to 65-75 ℃, leaching for 1.5-2h, stirring once every 10min in the leaching process, wherein the stirring speed is 200-300 r/min; then standing for 24 hours at the temperature of 8 ℃, and obtaining a second filtrate and a second filter residue through filtration and separation;
(3) adding ethanol with volume fraction of 60% and weight of 8-10 times of the second filter residue into the second filter residue, soaking for 6-7h, heating to 65-75 ℃, leaching for 2.5-3h, stirring once every 10min in the leaching process, stirring at the speed of 200-300 r/min, standing for 24h at 8 ℃, and filtering and separating to obtain a third filtrate and a first filter residue; combining the first filtrate, the second filtrate, and the third filtrate to obtain an extract.
The invention at least comprises the following beneficial effects:
the method adopts aspergillus niger and spore-forming cellulophaga as fermentation strains to prepare the konjac powder, more effectively reduces the content of starch and plant fiber, prevents browning, improves the product quality, and simultaneously adopts illumination and magnetic field treatment in the three-stage fermentation treatment process in the preparation process, thereby fully promoting the growth of aspergillus niger and spore-forming cellulophaga and further improving the preparation efficiency. Furthermore, the method is simple. According to the invention, chia seed oil is obtained by repeated enzymolysis, so that the content of Omega-3, linoleic acid and linolenic acid can be greatly increased, the functions of reducing blood fat and preventing arteriosclerosis are fully exerted, and furthermore, after the konjac fine powder and the chia seed oil are compounded with other components rich in dietary fibers and capable of reducing fat and controlling sugar, the chia seed oil has obvious effects of reducing blood sugar, blood pressure and blood fat, losing weight and the like.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples to enable those skilled in the art to practice the invention with reference to the description.
It will be understood that terms such as "having," "including," and "comprising," as used herein, do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other elements or groups thereof.
It is to be noted that the test methods described in the following embodiments are conventional methods unless otherwise specified, and the reagents and materials are commercially available without otherwise specified.
< example 1>
The dietary fiber compound nutrient with the weight-losing and lipid-lowering effects comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10 parts of tea tree pollen, 11 parts of oat flour, 6 parts of plantain seed shell powder, 3 parts of chia seed oil, 3 parts of cranberry concentrated powder, 0.5 part of sodium citrate, 0.2 part of annatto, 0.6 part of tricalcium phosphate, 5 parts of konjac fine powder, 3 parts of dandelion extract, 1 part of corn stigma extract, 5 parts of resistant dextrin, 1 part of L-arabinose and 3 parts of mulberry leaf extract.
Further, the preparation method of the konjac powder comprises the following steps:
s11, removing the main buds and the root hairs of the konjak, soaking the konjak in a sodium chloride solution with the mass fraction of 0.1-0.5% (preferably 0.3%) for 2-3h, cleaning, peeling, freeze-drying and crushing to obtain konjak powder;
s12, inoculating the Aspergillus niger strains and the spore forming fibrophaga strains on independent potato glucose agar culture media respectively, then placing the potato glucose agar culture media into an incubator respectively, and activating the potato glucose agar culture media and the spore forming fibrophaga strains for 48 to 72 hours (preferably 60 hours) under the condition of 28 to 35 ℃ (preferably 30 ℃) so as to obtain activated Aspergillus niger strains and spore forming fibrophaga strains;
culturing the activated aspergillus niger strain by adopting a prepared first liquid culture medium to obtain a liquid aspergillus niger seed solution, and culturing the activated fibroblast-producing spore-phagocytosis strain by adopting a prepared second liquid culture medium to obtain a liquid fibroblast-producing spore-phagocytosis strain seed solution; preferably, the first liquid medium comprises, by weight: 1% of tea polyphenol, 1.5% of cane sugar, 2.5% of glucose, 5% of malt extract and CoCl.6H2O 0.1％、CuSO4.5H2O 0.05％、FeNaEDTA 2％、H3BO30.25％、Na2MoO4.2H2O 0.15％、ZnSO4.7H2O 0.1％、MgSO40.1％、KNO30.1％、KNO30.1％、MnSO4.H20.2% of O, 86.85% of deionized water, and the second liquid culture medium comprises: 10% of starch, 2.5% of cane sugar, 3% of peptone, 2% of FeNaEDTA and Na2MoO4.2H2O 0.15％、MgSO40.1％、KNO30.1％、MnSO4.H20.2 percent of O and 81.95 percent of deionized water;
inoculating the liquid Aspergillus niger seed liquid into a first fermentation culture medium in a fermentation tank for amplification culture at 30-35 ℃ (preferably 30 ℃), with pH of 4.5-5.0, and stirring at 500-800rpm for 1-2d to obtain Aspergillus niger spore suspension; and inoculating the liquid-state cytophagia cellucovora seed liquid into a second fermentation culture medium in a fermentation tank for expanded culture at the temperature of 30-40 ℃ (preferably 35 ℃), with the pH of 3.5-4.5, and with the stirring at the rotation speed of 400-600rpm for 1-2d, so as to obtain a cytophagia cellucovora suspension; the first fermentation medium comprises, by weight: tomato juice 10%, soluble starch 2Percent, sucrose 2%, glucose 2%, corn flour 2.5%, yeast powder 0.5%, FeSO4.7H2O 0.1％、MgSO40.05％、KNO30.05％、CuCl2.2H2O 0.1％、(NH4)6Mo7O24.7H2O 0.15％、MnSO4.H20.1 percent of O and 80.45 percent of deionized water; the second fermentation medium comprises: 10% of rice straw, 10% of corn stalk, 5% of corn flour, 5% of cane sugar, 2.5% of yeast extract and MgSO40.05％、KNO30.1％、NH4NO30.15％、MnSO4.H20.1% of O and 67.1% of deionized water;
s13, adding 30-40 parts (preferably 35 parts) of konjac flour, 180 parts (preferably 200 parts) of deionized water, 20-25 parts (preferably 22 parts) of Aspergillus niger spore suspension, 10-15 parts (preferably 12 parts) of Cytophaga chrysosporium suspension, 50-55 parts (preferably 52 parts) of jackfruit peel, La (NO) into a reaction kettle in parts by weight3)3.6H2O0.5-0.6 part (preferably 0.55 part), NH4Cl 1-2 parts (preferably 1.5 parts), KNO31-2 parts (preferably 1.5 parts) to obtain a fermentation system and adjusting the pH of the fermentation system to 6.8-7.0;
sequentially carrying out three-stage fermentation treatment on the fermentation system:
in the first fermentation stage treatment, the fermentation temperature is 30-35 ℃ (preferably 32 ℃), the fermentation system is stirred under the condition of the rotation speed of 300-; the first illumination treatment is as follows: the light intensity is 25-30 mu mol.m-2.s-1(preferably 28. mu. mol. m)-2.s-1) The red light and the light intensity are 30-35 mu mol-2.s-1(preferably 32. mu. mol. m)-2.s-1) Irradiating the fermentation system with blue light for 45-60min (preferably 50 min); the first magnetic field treatment is as follows: performing magnetic field treatment on the fermentation system with 50Hz alternating magnetic field with magnetic field intensity of 0.4-0.8mT (preferably 0.5mT) for 45-60min (preferably 50 min);
in the second fermentation stage, fermentationThe fermentation temperature is 25-35 ℃ (preferably 30 ℃), the fermentation system is stirred under the condition of the rotation speed of 500-; the second illumination treatment is as follows: the light intensity is 20-24 mu mol.m-2.s-1(preferably 22. mu. mol. m)-2.s-1) The red light and the light intensity are 24-28 mu mol-2.s-1(preferably 25. mu. mol. m)-2.s-1) The blue light irradiates the fermentation system, and the irradiation time is 30-45min (preferably 40 min); the second magnetic field treatment is; performing magnetic field treatment on the fermentation system with 50Hz alternating magnetic field with magnetic field strength of 0.35-0.65mT (preferably 0.4mT) for 30-45min (preferably 40 min);
in the third fermentation stage treatment, the fermentation temperature is 25-35 ℃ (preferably 30 ℃), the fermentation system is stirred under the condition of the rotation speed of 300-; the third illumination treatment is as follows: the light intensity is 16-20 mu mol.m-2.s-1(preferably 17.5. mu. mol.
m-2.s-1) The red light and the light intensity are 20-22 mu mol-2.s-1(preferably 21.5. mu. mol. m)-2.s-1) The blue light irradiates the fermentation system, and the irradiation time is 20-30min (preferably 25 min); the third magnetic field treatment is as follows: performing magnetic field treatment on the fermentation system with 50Hz alternating magnetic field with magnetic field intensity of 0.25-0.55mT (preferably 0.3mT) for 20-30min (preferably 25 min);
s13, heating the fermentation system subjected to the fermentation treatment in the step S12 to 85 ℃, and maintaining for 10min to complete the enzyme deactivation process to obtain konjac powder enzymolysis liquid;
s14, dispersing the konjac powder enzymolysis liquid in an ethanol solution with the volume fraction of 95% and the mass of 5-6 times (preferably 5.5 times) of that of the konjac powder enzymolysis liquid, and simultaneously carrying out ultrasonic treatment and stirring, wherein the ultrasonic power is 600-;
s15, filtering the reaction system processed in the step S14, controlling the filtering pressure at 0.3-0.4MPa (preferably 0.35MPa), the filtering temperature at 50-60 ℃ (preferably 55 ℃), and discarding the liquid phase to obtain konjac powder filter residue;
and S16, spray drying the konjac fine powder filter residue, wherein the air inlet temperature of a spray drying unit is 90-100 ℃, the air outlet temperature is 40-50 ℃ (preferably 45 ℃), and the konjac fine powder is obtained after crushing and sieving.
The Aspergillus niger strain can produce high-activity β -glucosidase, amylase and other enzymes, and may be used in decomposing cellulose, lactose and starch in konjaku material, and the cellulophaga sporogenes is one kind of aerobic sliding bacterium with cellulose degrading capacity and capable of producing cellulose and cellobiose as carbon source and nitrogen source to decompose cellulose, starch and other macro molecules3)3.6H2The konjac flour is fermented in the culture medium of O, wherein the jack fruit peel is rich in resources and low in cost, can be used as an excellent carbon source, and meanwhile, La is added3+The growth metabolism of aspergillus niger and cellulophaga sporophaga is promoted, the growth efficiency of the aspergillus niger and the cellulophaga sporophaga sporophag. Furthermore, in the three-stage fermentation treatment, the red light and the blue light can promote the assimilation of the cell plasma membrane by regulating the permeability of the cell plasma membrane and improve the activity of glucoamylase of the cell plasma membrane and the red light and the blue light, and the alternating magnetic field promotes the growth of the biomass of aspergillus niger and cellucovorax conifer through the release of calcium ions on the cell membrane, so that the yield of cellulase and amylase is further improved. Meanwhile, in order to avoid the adverse effect on the growth of the aspergillus niger and the cellucovorous spore forming bacteria caused by the fact that the red light, the blue light and the alternating magnetic field are constant values for a long time, three-stage fermentation treatment is adopted in the step, and the light intensity of the red light and the blue light and the intensity of the alternating magnetic field are gradually decreased in each stage, so that the aspergillus niger and the cellucovorous spore forming bacteria are always in high growth activity, and high activity is continuously and efficiently generatedCellulose and amylase further decompose macromolecules such as cellulose and starch, promote release of active ingredients (such as konjac glucomannan) in the konjac raw material, reduce browning and improve product quality.
Furthermore, chia seed is rich in α -linolenic acid, which is a polyunsaturated fatty acid and is also a precursor of Omega-3, Omega-3 is a group of polyunsaturated fatty acids, which contains eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) with the functions of reducing the content of cholesterol and triglyceride and promoting the metabolism of saturated fatty acids in the body, thereby reducing the blood viscosity, improving the blood circulation, improving the oxygen supply of tissues to eliminate fatigue, preventing the deposition of fat on the blood vessel wall, preventing the formation and development of atherosclerosis, preventing cerebral thrombosis, cerebral hemorrhage, hypertension and the like, and chia seed oil contains various antioxidant active ingredients (chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, myricetin, quercetin, kaempferol and the like) to protect the quality of Omega-3, so that the Omega-3 is not easy to decay and deteriorate and generate toxic substances and peculiar smell, therefore, the invention also provides an extraction method of chia seed oil, which specifically comprises the following steps:
s21, taking fresh chia seeds, soaking at 25 ℃ for 24-36h (preferably 30h), taking out, washing for 2-3 times, drying, grinding, and sieving with a 100-mesh sieve to obtain chia seed powder;
s22, taking chia seed powder, adding deionized water with the weight 5-10 times of that of the chia seed powder to obtain an enzymolysis raw material, and carrying out enzymolysis on the enzymolysis raw material to obtain an enzymolysis system; wherein, the enzymolysis process comprises the following steps:
carrying out first enzymolysis: adding trypsin 3-4% (preferably 3.5%) of chia seed powder and permeability regulator 8-10% (preferably 8.5%) of chia seed powder, adjusting pH to 6.5-7.5 (preferably 7.0), stirring, heating to 40-45 deg.C (preferably 43.5 deg.C), and maintaining for 35-40min (preferably 35min) to obtain a first enzymolysis system; the permeability regulating liquid consists of acid solution, glycerol, sodium chloride and lysozyme, and the acid solution comprises the following components in percentage by weight: glycerol: sodium chloride: lysozyme is 1: (0.5-0.8): (0.05-0.08): (0.01-0.03) (preferably an acid solution: glycerol: sodium chloride: lysozyme: 1: 0.7: 0.05: 0.02, and the acid solution is a citric acid solution);
and (3) carrying out second enzymolysis: after the temperature of the first enzymolysis system is reduced to 20-25 ℃, adjusting the pH value to 3.5-4.5 (preferably 4.0), adding pectinase according to 3.0-4.5% (preferably 4.0%) of the weight of the first enzymolysis system, fully stirring, heating to 50-60 ℃ (preferably 55 ℃) while stirring, and preserving the temperature for 30-35min (preferably 32min) to obtain a third enzymolysis system;
and (3) carrying out third enzymolysis: after the temperature of the second enzymolysis system is reduced to 20-25 ℃, adjusting the pH value to 4.0-5.5 (preferably 5.0), adding cellulase according to 2-4% (preferably 3.0%) of the weight of the second enzymolysis system, fully stirring, heating to 50-65 ℃ (preferably 60 ℃) while stirring, and preserving heat for 25-35min (preferably 30min) to obtain a third enzymolysis system;
s23, after the enzymolysis is finished, heating the obtained third enzymolysis system to 85 ℃, and maintaining for 10min to finish the enzyme deactivation process to obtain a chia seed crude extraction system;
s24, adding activated carbon in a chia seed crude extraction system according to 4% of the weight of the chia seed crude extraction system, uniformly stirring, carrying out heat preservation at 65 ℃ for 65-85min (preferably 70min), centrifuging, and removing sediments to obtain chia seed crude extraction liquid; filtering the crude extract of chia seed with diatomaceous earth to obtain chia seed oil clear solution, and controlling the filtering pressure at 0.3-0.4MPa (preferably 0.35 MPa); adding 3% of activated carbon into the chia seed oil clear liquid according to the weight, standing for 45-50min, centrifuging, removing sediments, standing for 2-3h (preferably 2.5h), and taking an upper oil layer to obtain the chia seed oil.
< detection results of biomass and enzyme activity during preparation of konjak Fine flour >
In the method for preparing refined konjac flour according to embodiments 1-3 of the present invention, when step S13 is performed, the total yield and enzyme activity of β -glucosidase and glucoamylase in the processes from the first fermentation stage to the third fermentation stage are measured, and the results are shown in table 1, wherein the step of measuring the total yield of β -glucosidase and glucoamylase refers to "research on the influence of different culture conditions on the yield and activity of cellulase" (zhongzhongliang, chinese feed, 1997, 3 rd edition, page 20 "enzyme yield measurement"), and the measurement of enzyme activity refers to a conventional experimental method, which is not repeated herein.
TABLE 1 Total enzyme yield and β -glucosidase, glucoamylase activity assay
As can be seen from table 1, the total amount of enzymes produced by aspergillus niger and cellulophaga sporogenes can reach 47mg/g, and the maximum values of activity of β -glucosidase and glucoamylase can reach 11.33U/mL and 9.17U/mL through the three-stage fermentation treatment of step S13 of the present invention, although the total amount of enzymes, β -glucosidase and glucoamylase activity are reduced to different degrees as the enzymolysis reaction proceeds, the three activities are maintained at higher levels as a whole when reaching the third fermentation stage, so that the three-stage fermentation treatment of step S13 of the present invention can promote the growth and metabolism of aspergillus niger and cellulophaga sporogenes, improve the growth efficiency of both, improve the activity and yield of β -glucosidase, amylase of both, and further effectively decompose the cellulose and starch content in the konjac raw material.
< detection result of konjak Fine flour >
Firstly, putting fresh konjak and pulping solution into a pulping machine, and crushing at 25 ℃ to obtain a colloidal substance; according to the mass, the using ratio of the fresh konjak to the pulping solution is 1: 2, the solvent of the pulping solution is water, and the pulping solution comprises 1.0 wt% of sodium chloride, 1.5 wt% of citric acid and 0.5 wt% of sodium citrate; adding water (the amount of colloidal substance and water is 1: 5 by mass), mechanically stirring at 25 deg.C at 120r/min for 1.5 hr to obtain water solution, filtering with filter paper to obtain filtrate to obtain water extractive solution; adding ethanol and ethyl acetate into the water extract, stirring at 30 deg.C for 2 hr at 120r/min, filtering with filter paper to obtain solid, sequentially washing the solid with ethanol, ethyl acetate and ethanol, and air drying at 35 deg.C to obtain rhizoma Amorphophalli refined powder as comparative example 1; then, the konjac powder obtained by the method for preparing the konjac powder in the embodiments 1 to 3 of the present invention is detected, and the specific indexes thereof include: the contents and yields of glucomannan (KGM), the sensory properties and viscosity of the konjac fine powder hydrosol after standing for different periods of time, pH (1% aqueous solution), water content, ash content, particle size (40 mesh), and residual amount of sulfur dioxide were as shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 detection of performance index of refined konjac flour
It can be seen from the above table 2 that the konjac powder obtained by the preparation method of the present invention completely meets the related regulations of the agricultural industry standard NY/T494-. The invention adopts a special preparation process, adopts three-stage fermentation treatment, and continuously and efficiently generates high-activity cellulase and amylase all the time through the combined action of red light, blue light and an alternating magnetic field and aspergillus niger and cyanophagous bacteria, further decomposes macromolecules such as cellulose, starch and the like, promotes the release of active ingredients (such as konjac glucomannan) in the konjac raw material, reduces browning and improves the product quality.
< chia seed oil detection results >
Firstly, taking 500g of fresh materials, drying the fresh materials in an oven at 100 ℃ for 10-12h, taking out the materials, crushing the materials, sieving the crushed materials by a 100-mesh sieve, and then mixing the materials according to a material-liquid ratio (mL/g) of 4: 1 adding petroleum ether to form a premix, and putting the premix into an extraction tank for extraction, wherein the extraction temperature is 30 ℃, the pressure is 5MPa, and the extraction time is 3-4h, so as to obtain an extract liquid; cooling the extract to 0 ℃ under normal pressure, adding an adsorbent to remove impurities, filtering to obtain chia seed oil serving as a comparative example 3, and detecting the chia seed oil obtained by the chia seed oil extraction method in the embodiments 1 to 3 of the invention to obtain the extraction rate of the chia seed oil and the relative contents of palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid, wherein the results are shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 chia seed oil extraction, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid content
According to the method, unused enzymes and enzymolysis conditions are adopted to carry out full enzymolysis on the cell wall of chia seeds at different stages, so that cellulose, pectin and other components in the cell wall are completely destroyed, and meanwhile, the acid solution, the glycerol, the sodium chloride and the lysozyme can change the permeability of the cell wall and the cell membrane by changing the cell wall or the cell membrane structure, so that the cell wall and/or the cell wall structure can be destroyed by adjusting the permeability of the cell wall and/or the cell wall by adopting the permeability adjusting solution for adjusting the permeability of the cell wall and/or the cell wall, so that effective components (such as linolenic acid and the like) in the content of the cell wall are fully released, and the effects of enhancing immunity and reducing blood fat are further exerted. Specifically, as can be seen from table 2, in the chia seed oil obtained by the preparation method of the present invention, the extraction rate of the chia seed oil, the content of palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid are all significantly increased compared to comparative example 2, wherein the content of unsaturated fatty acids in the chia seed oil obtained by the preparation method of the present invention is about 86%, which is increased by about 1.5 times compared to comparative example 2 (about 35%), and wherein the content of linolenic acid is 37%, which is increased by about 0.5 times compared to comparative example 2 (about 25%), and it is the linolenic acid that can enhance immunity and reduce blood lipid.
< example 4>
This example also provides a method for preparing the dietary fiber complex nutrient having weight-losing and lipid-lowering effects of any one of examples 1 to 3, comprising:
s100, preparing dandelion extract, corn stigma extract and mulberry leaf extract;
s200, weighing tea tree pollen, oat flour, psyllium husk powder, chia seed oil, cranberry concentrated powder, annatto, konjac fine powder, dandelion extract, corn stigma extract and mulberry leaf extract in parts by weight in one of the embodiments 1 to 3, fully mixing to obtain a raw material mixture, putting the raw material mixture into a reduced pressure concentration tank, adding deionized water which is 8 to 10 times of the weight of the raw material mixture, heating to 45 to 65 ℃ (preferably 55 ℃) and carrying out vacuum reduced pressure concentration to obtain a concentrated solution;
s300, placing the concentrated solution into a solution preparation tank, adding the L-arabinose, the resistant dextrin, the sodium citrate and the tricalcium phosphate into the solution preparation tank according to the parts by weight in one of the embodiments 1 to 3, and uniformly stirring to obtain the dietary fiber compound nutrient with the weight-losing and lipid-lowering effects.
Preferably, the preparation methods of the dandelion extract, the corn stigma extract and the mulberry leaf extract are the same, and all comprise the following steps:
(1) soaking raw materials (herba Taraxaci, stigma Maydis or folium Mori) in 8-10 times of water for 12-15 hr (preferably 12.5 hr), boiling for 1-2 hr (preferably 1.5 hr), and filtering to obtain first filtrate and first residue;
(2) drying the first filter residue, adding 60% ethanol with the weight 6-8 times of that of the first filter residue into the dried first filter residue, soaking for 1-2h, heating to 65-75 ℃ (preferably 70 ℃), leaching for 1.5-2h, stirring once every 10min in the leaching process, and stirring at the speed of 200-; then standing for 24 hours at the temperature of 8 ℃, and obtaining a second filtrate and a second filter residue through filtration and separation;
(3) adding 60% ethanol with the weight 8-10 times of that of the second filter residue into the second filter residue, soaking for 6-7h, heating to 65-75 ℃ (preferably 70 ℃), leaching for 2.5-3h, stirring once every 10min in the leaching process at the stirring speed of 200-300 r/min, standing for 24h at 8 ℃, and filtering and separating to obtain a third filtrate and a first filter residue; combining the first filtrate, the second filtrate and the third filtrate to obtain dandelion extract/corn stigma extract/mulberry leaf extract.
Therefore, by repeatedly extracting the dandelion, the corn stigma and the mulberry leaf raw materials with alcohol, active ingredients (such as polysaccharide, alkaloid, flavone and the like) in the dandelion, the corn stigma and the mulberry leaf raw materials can be fully released, and the filter residue is extracted with alcohol again after the first alcohol extraction, so that the utilization rate of the raw materials is improved to the maximum extent, and the proportioning raw materials with higher purity are obtained, so that the active ingredients can efficiently play the effects of losing weight and reducing fat.
< test for evaluating efficacy of body weight Effect >
Healthy male rats weighing about 85-95g were divided into two groups and given free access to water. Mold making was started after 1 week acclimatization. Two groups of rats were fed with high-fat diet and normal diet for 8 weeks, and body weight was measured and recorded once a week. After 8 weeks of modeling, the weight of the high fat rats is obviously larger than the average weight of the control rats (p is less than 0.05) to serve as a successful establishment standard of the diet-induced obese rat model, and the final weight of the high fat rats is recorded. 160 rats were selected from successfully molded rats and were randomly divided into a model group, a low dose group and a high dose group. Wherein, blank control group: free eating and drinking water, and feeding with common feed; model group: feeding with high fat feed, and freely taking drinking water; low dose group: kneading the dietary fiber composite nutrient (hereinafter, the dietary fiber composite nutrient) into high-fat feed, and freely taking drinking water, wherein the weight of the dietary fiber composite nutrient is 5 percent of that of the high-fat feed; high dose group: the dietary fiber composite nutrient is kneaded into high-fat feed and freely drunk, and the weight of the dietary fiber composite nutrient is 15 percent of that of the high-fat feed.
The weight change was measured 1 time per week during the experiment, and after 6 weeks of intervention, the weight was weighed and recorded, and the results are shown in table 4.
TABLE 4 Effect of dietary fiber Complex Nutrients on rat body weight
As can be seen from Table 4, the body weight of each group of rats increased with the lapse of the test time. At the end of the test, the body weights of the dose groups are all significantly lower than those of the high-fat model group, and are equivalent to or slightly lower than those of the positive control group, and the body weights of the high-dose groups of examples 1, 2 and 3 are 72.65kg, 79.93kg and 80.87kg respectively lower than those of the high-fat model group, so that the effects are better than those of the comparative example, and the dietary fiber compound nutrient can play a role in reducing blood fat, and the effect of example 3 is the best.
< evaluation test of human body weight-reducing efficacy >
On the basis of the voluntary principle, 80-list pure obese volunteers are selected to participate in the test, and the population requirements are as follows: adult brainworkers in the age range of 25-40 years have body fat rate of more than or equal to 35%, have no disease infection recently, do not take any medicine, and are provided with blank groups and experimental groups (the experimental groups comprise example 1 group, example 2 group and example 3 group), wherein each group comprises 20 men and women.
And (4) formulating a 60-day nutrient weight-reducing diet plan according to groups. The experimental group correspondingly receives two parts (25 g/part) of each of the nutrients in the examples 1, 2 and 3 every day, the blank group receives two parts of each of the blank contrast agents for taking before middle and evening meals, the types and the calories of breakfast, lunch and dinner serving of the experimental group and the blank group are consistent, and the breakfast: 250ml of skim milk, 1 egg and 2 pieces of whole-wheat toast bread; lunch: 180 g of fruits and vegetables, 50g of fish or meat products, 75g of bean products and a plurality of cooked rice; dinner: 150 g of vegetables, 75g of fish or meat products, 50g of bean products and a plurality of cooked rice. The daily drinking water is not less than 1500 ml.
The change of body weight and body fat rate before and after the diet plan of nutrient weight-reducing is tested. The results are shown in Table 5:
TABLE 5 evaluation results of human body weight-reducing efficacy experiment
According to the evaluation results of the human body weight-reducing efficacy experiments, the body weight and the body fat rate before and after the blank group experiments are almost unchanged; the body weight and body fat percentage of male and female volunteers in the experimental group are reduced after the experiment, and the average reduction of the body weight and the body fat percentage is 2.6kg and 2.2 percent respectively; wherein the weight and body fat percentage of the group of example 2 were significantly reduced from the average, 3.3kg and 3.0%, respectively. Meanwhile, the participants of the blank group and the experimental group have no physical discomfort, and the quality of work and life is not affected. Therefore, the dietary fiber compound nutrient with the effects of losing weight and reducing fat has the effects of losing weight and reducing fat, and is suitable for obese people to eat daily.
< evaluation test of blood sugar Effect
Healthy male rats were selected, numbered and acclimatized in normal environment for 2 weeks, and were allowed free access to water. After the adaptive feeding was completed, the animals were randomly divided into 5 groups of 10 animals, one of which was a blank control group and the remaining 30 animals were fed with high-sugar and high-fat diet, and were intraperitoneally injected with 0.1mol/L of a low dose STZ (40mg/kg) solution. After one week of continuous injection, blood was taken from the tail and fasting blood glucose was measured in rats by a Roche glucometer. When the blood sugar concentration of the rat is more than 16.67mmol/L, the establishment of the type 2 diabetes model is considered to be successful. 160 rats were selected from successfully molded rats and were randomly divided into a model group, a positive control group, a low dose group and a high dose group. 160 rats were selected from successfully molded rats and were randomly divided into a model group, a positive control group, a low dose group and a high dose group. Wherein, blank control group: free eating and drinking water, and feeding with common feed; model group: feeding with high fat feed, and freely taking drinking water; positive control group: adding 10mg of lovastatin into 1kg of high-fat feed, adding lovastatin into the high-fat feed, and freely taking water; low dose group: kneading the dietary fiber composite nutrient into high-fat feed, and freely eating drinking water, wherein the weight of the dietary fiber composite nutrient is 5 percent of that of the high-fat feed; high dose group: the dietary fiber composite nutrient is kneaded into high-fat feed and freely drunk, and the weight of the dietary fiber composite nutrient is 15 percent of that of the high-fat feed.
The blood glucose change condition was measured 1 time per day during the experiment, the intervention was performed for 6 weeks, the experiment was completed, and the final blood glucose content was recorded, with the results shown in table 6.
TABLE 6 dietary fiber Complex Nutrients on blood glucose changes in rats
As can be seen from Table 6, the fasting blood glucose concentration of the rats fed with the dietary fiber complex nutrient was significantly lower than that of the model group, wherein the decrease in blood glucose concentration was more significant in the high dose group. The dietary fiber compound nutrient can reduce the blood sugar concentration of a diabetes model rat and has the effect of reducing blood sugar.
< evaluation test of Effect of blood lipid >
A blank control group, a model group, a positive control group, a low dose group, and a high dose group were set according to the above < evaluation test of blood sugar influence > method. After 6 weeks of drying, the patient was sacrificed and dissected, the liver was removed and washed with physiological saline and refrigerated for future use.
Blood is taken by eyeballs, the blood is added into a heparin anticoagulation tube, plasma is separated, the contents of cholesterol (TC) and total Triglyceride (TG) are detected by a full-automatic biochemical analyzer, the Total Cholesterol (TC) adopts a CHOD-PAP enzyme method, the total Triglyceride (TG) adopts a GPO-PAP enzyme method, and the detection results are shown in table 7.
The specific detection steps comprise:
(1) weighing a proper amount of visceral tissues, putting the visceral tissues into a glass homogenizing pipe, adding 3 times of methanol, homogenizing for 5min by using an electric homogenizer, transferring to an ion-exchange pipe, adding 6 times of chloroform, and uniformly mixing by vortex to obtain 10% tissue homogenate. After extracting the homogenate for 12 hours, carefully extracting the lower organic solvent layer;
(2) and (3) standard curve determination: adding 10 mu L chloroform/methanol liver tissue homogenate into 1mL working solution (enzyme agent +10mL buffer solution), respectively adding 5 mu L, 10 mu L, 15 mu L, 20 mu L, 25 mu L, 30 mu L and 35 mu L triglyceride (or cholesterol) standard substance, shaking and mixing uniformly, after room temperature degradation for 5min, centrifuging at 6000r/min for 10min, and measuring the absorbance of the supernatant at 500nm to obtain A standard;
(3) and (3) measuring absorbance: respectively removing 10 mu L of sample liver tissue homogenate, adding into 1mL of working solution, incubating at 37 ℃ for 5min, centrifuging at 6000r/min for 10min, and measuring absorbance of supernatant of each tube at 500nm to obtain sample A;
(4) and (3) calculating: TG/TC ═ as/a standard concentration.
TABLE 7 dietary fiber Complex Nutrients on rat blood lipid changes
As can be seen from table 7, the contents of TC and TG in the serum of the rat in the diabetes model group are significantly higher than those in the blank control group, which indicates that the rat hyperlipidemia model is successfully established by feeding the high-fat diet during the test period; the high and low doses of dietary fiber compound nutrients can reduce the concentration of TC and TG in the serum of rats respectively, wherein the lipid-lowering effect of the high-dose group is most remarkable, and the concentration of TC in the medium-dose groups of examples 1, 2 and 3 is respectively reduced by 25.1%, 20.1% and 21.5% compared with that in the model group; the TG concentration was reduced by 56.9%, 55.1% and 51.0%, respectively. Therefore, the dietary fiber compound nutrient has more remarkable reduction on TG concentration and can play a role in reducing total cholesterol and triglyceride.
It should be noted that the technical solutions in the above embodiments 1 to 4 can be arbitrarily combined, and the technical solutions obtained after the combination all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
In conclusion, the invention adopts aspergillus niger and hyphomycete as fermentation strains to prepare the konjac powder, the content of starch and plant fiber is more effectively reduced, browning is prevented, the product quality is improved, and meanwhile, in the preparation process, illumination and magnetic field treatment are adopted in the three-stage fermentation treatment process, so that the growth of the aspergillus niger and the hyphomycete is fully promoted, and the preparation efficiency is further improved. Furthermore, the method is simple. According to the invention, chia seed oil is obtained by repeated enzymolysis, so that the content of Omega-3, linoleic acid and linolenic acid can be greatly increased, the functions of reducing blood fat and preventing arteriosclerosis are fully exerted, and furthermore, after the konjac fine powder and the chia seed oil are compounded with other components rich in dietary fibers and capable of reducing fat and controlling sugar, the chia seed oil has obvious effects of reducing blood sugar, blood pressure and blood fat, losing weight and the like.
The number of apparatuses and the scale of the process described herein are intended to simplify the description of the present invention. Applications, modifications and variations of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
While embodiments of the invention have been described above, it is not limited to the applications set forth in the description and the embodiments, which are fully applicable to various fields of endeavor for which the invention may be embodied with additional modifications as would be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the invention is therefore not limited to the details given herein and to the examples shown and described without departing from the generic concept as defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (9)
1. The dietary fiber compound nutrient with the weight-losing and lipid-lowering effects is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 10-15 parts of tea tree pollen, 10-20 parts of oat flour, 5-10 parts of Plantago ovata husk powder, 3-5 parts of chia seed oil, 3-5 parts of cranberry concentrated powder, 0.5-1 part of sodium citrate, 0.2-0.3 part of annatto, 0.5-0.8 part of tricalcium phosphate, 4-6 parts of konjac refined powder, 3-5 parts of dandelion extract, 1-2 parts of corn stigma extract, 5-6 parts of resistant dextrin, 1-2 parts of L-arabinose and 3-5 parts of mulberry leaf extract.
2. The dietary fiber composite nutrient according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the konjac powder comprises the following steps:
s11, removing the main buds and the root hairs of the konjak, soaking the konjak in a sodium chloride solution with the mass fraction of 0.1-0.5% for 2-3h, cleaning, peeling, freeze-drying and crushing to obtain konjak powder;
s12, inoculating the Aspergillus niger strains and the spore forming fiber-phagocytosis strains on independent potato glucose agar culture media respectively, then placing the potato glucose agar culture media into an incubator respectively, and activating the potato glucose agar culture media and the agar culture media for 48 to 72 hours at the temperature of between 28 and 35 ℃ respectively to obtain activated Aspergillus niger strains and spore forming fiber-phagocytosis strains;
culturing the activated aspergillus niger strain by adopting a prepared first liquid culture medium to obtain a liquid aspergillus niger seed solution, and culturing the activated fibroblast-producing spore-phagocytosis strain by adopting a prepared second liquid culture medium to obtain a liquid fibroblast-producing spore-phagocytosis strain seed solution;
inoculating the liquid Aspergillus niger seed liquid into a first fermentation culture medium in a fermentation tank for amplification culture at 30-35 ℃, pH 4.5-5.0, stirring at 500-800rpm for 1-2d to obtain Aspergillus niger spore suspension; and inoculating the liquid-state cytophagia cellucovora seed liquid into a second fermentation culture medium in a fermentation tank for expanded culture at the temperature of 30-40 ℃, the pH value of 3.5-4.5, the rotation speed of 400-600rpm, and stirring for 1-2d to obtain a cytophagia cellucovora suspension;
s13, adding 30-40 parts of konjac flour, 180 parts of deionized water, 20-25 parts of Aspergillus niger spore suspension, 10-15 parts of Cytophaga chrysosporium suspension, 50-55 parts of jackfruit peel and La (NO) into a reaction kettle in parts by weight3)3.6H20.5-0.6 part of O and NH4Cl 1-2 parts, KNO31-2 parts to obtain a fermentation system, and adjusting the pH of the fermentation system to 6.8-7.0;
sequentially carrying out three-stage fermentation treatment on the fermentation system:
in the first fermentation stage treatment, the fermentation temperature is 30-35 ℃, the fermentation system is stirred under the condition of the rotation speed of 300-400rpm, and simultaneously the first illumination treatment and the first magnetic field treatment are carried out on the fermentation system for 1-2 d; the first illumination treatment is as follows: the light intensity is 25-30 mu mol.m-2.s-1The red light and the light intensity are 30-35 mu mol-2.s-1Irradiating the fermentation system with blue light for 45-60 min; the first magnetic field treatment is as follows: performing magnetic field treatment on the fermentation system with 50Hz alternating magnetic field with magnetic field intensity of 0.4-0.8mT for 45-60 min;
in the second fermentation stage treatment, the fermentation temperature is 25-35 ℃, the fermentation system is stirred under the condition of the rotation speed of 500-600rpm, and simultaneously the second illumination treatment and the second magnetic field treatment are carried out on the fermentation system for 1-2 d; the second illumination treatment is as follows: the light intensity is 20-24 mu mol.m-2.s-1The red light and the light intensity are 24-28 mu mol-2.s-1Irradiating the fermentation system with blue light for 30-45 min; the second magnetic field treatment is; performing magnetic field treatment on the fermentation system with 50Hz alternating magnetic field with magnetic field strength of 0.35-0.65mT for 30-45 min;
in the third fermentation stage treatment, the fermentation temperature is 25-35 ℃, the fermentation system is stirred under the condition of the rotation speed of 300-400rpm, and simultaneously the third illumination treatment and the third magnetic field treatment are carried out on the fermentation system for 1-2 d; the third illumination treatment is as follows: the light intensity is 16-20 mu mol.m-2.s-1The red light and the light intensity are 20-22 mu mol-2.s-1Irradiating the fermentation system with blue light for 20-30 min; the third magnetic field treatment is as follows: performing magnetic field treatment on the fermentation system with 50Hz alternating magnetic field with magnetic field strength of 0.25-0.55mT for 20-30 min;
s13, heating the fermentation system subjected to the fermentation treatment in the step S12 to 85 ℃, and maintaining for 10min to complete the enzyme deactivation process to obtain konjac powder enzymolysis liquid;
s14, dispersing the konjac powder enzymolysis liquid into an ethanol solution which is 5-6 times of the mass of the konjac powder and has a volume fraction of 95%, and simultaneously performing ultrasonic treatment and stirring, wherein the ultrasonic power is 600-800W, the ultrasonic treatment time is 10-15min, and the stirring speed is 100-120 r/min;
s15, filtering the reaction system processed in the step S14, controlling the filtering pressure at 0.3-0.4MPa and the filtering temperature at 50-60 ℃, and discarding the liquid phase to obtain konjak fine powder filter residue;
s16, spray drying the konjac fine powder filter residue, wherein the air inlet temperature of a spray drying unit is 90-100 ℃, the air outlet temperature is 40-50 ℃, and the konjac fine powder is obtained after crushing and sieving.
3. The dietary fiber complex nutrient of claim 2, wherein the first liquid medium comprises, by weight: 1% of tea polyphenol, 1.5% of cane sugar, 2.5% of glucose, 5% of malt extract and CoCl.6H2O 0.1％、CuSO4.5H2O 0.05％、FeNaEDTA 2％、H3BO30.25％、Na2MoO4.2H2O 0.15％、ZnSO4.7H2O 0.1％、MgSO40.1％、KNO30.1％、KNO30.1％、MnSO4.H20.2 percent of O and 86.85 percent of deionized water.
4. The dietary fiber complex nutrient of claim 2, wherein in step S12, the first fermentation medium comprises, by weight: 10% of tomato juice, 2% of soluble starch, 2% of sucrose, 2% of glucose, 2.5% of corn flour, 0.5% of yeast powder and FeSO4.7H2O 0.1％、MgSO40.05％、KNO30.05％、CuCl2.2H2O 0.1％、(NH4)6Mo7O24.7H2O 0.15％、MnSO4.H20.1 percent of O and 80.45 percent of deionized water.
5. The dietary fiber complex nutrient of claim 2, wherein the second liquid culture medium comprises, by weight: 10% of starch, 2.5% of cane sugar, 3% of peptone, 2% of FeNaEDTA and Na2MoO4.2H2O 0.15％、MgSO40.1％、KNO30.1％、MnSO4.H20.2 percent of O and 81.95 percent of deionized water.
6. A dietary fibre complex nutrient according to claim 2, wherein said second fermentation medium comprises, by weight: 10% of rice straw, 10% of corn stalk, 5% of corn flour, 5% of cane sugar, 2.5% of yeast extract and MgSO40.05％、KNO30.1％、NH4NO30.15％、MnSO4.H20.1 percent of O and 67.1 percent of deionized water.
7. The dietary fiber composite nutrient of claim 1, wherein the chia seed oil is prepared by a method comprising the steps of:
s21, taking fresh chia seeds, soaking at 25 ℃ for 24-36h, taking out, washing for 2-3 times, drying, grinding, and sieving with a 100-mesh sieve to obtain chia seed powder;
s22, taking chia seed powder, adding deionized water with the weight 5-10 times of that of the chia seed powder to obtain an enzymolysis raw material, and carrying out enzymolysis on the enzymolysis raw material to obtain an enzymolysis system; wherein, the enzymolysis process comprises the following steps:
carrying out first enzymolysis: adding trypsin 3-4 wt% of chia seed powder and permeability regulating liquid 8-10 wt% of chia seed powder to regulate permeability of cell membrane and/or cell wall, regulating pH to 6.5-7.5, stirring, heating to 40-45 deg.C while stirring, and maintaining for 35-40min to obtain a first enzymolysis system; the permeability regulating liquid consists of acid solution, glycerol, sodium chloride and lysozyme, and the acid solution comprises the following components in percentage by weight: glycerol: sodium chloride: lysozyme is 1: (0.5-0.8): (0.05-0.08): (0.01-0.03);
and (3) carrying out second enzymolysis: after the temperature of the first enzymolysis system is reduced to 20-25 ℃, adjusting the pH value to 3.5-4.5, adding pectinase according to 3.0-4.5% of the weight of the first enzymolysis system, fully stirring, heating to 50-60 ℃ while stirring, and preserving heat for 30-35min to obtain a second enzyme system;
and (3) carrying out third enzymolysis: after the temperature of the second enzyme system is reduced to 20-25 ℃, adjusting the pH value to 4.0-5.5, adding cellulase according to 2-4% of the weight of the second enzyme system, fully stirring, heating to 50-65 ℃ while stirring, and preserving heat for 25-35min to obtain a third enzyme system;
s23, after the enzymolysis is finished, heating the obtained third enzymolysis system to 85 ℃, and maintaining for 10min to finish the enzyme deactivation process to obtain a chia seed crude extraction system;
s24, adding activated carbon in the chia seed crude extraction system according to 4% of the weight of the chia seed crude extraction system, stirring uniformly, keeping the temperature at 65 ℃ for 65-85min, centrifuging, and removing sediments to obtain chia seed crude extraction liquid; filtering the crude chia seed extract with diatomite to obtain chia seed oil clear liquid, wherein the filtering pressure is controlled to be 0.3-0.4 MPa; adding 3% of activated carbon into the chia seed oil clear liquid according to the weight, standing for 45-50min, centrifuging, removing sediments, standing for 2-3h, and taking an upper oil layer to obtain the chia seed oil.
8. A preparation method of dietary fiber compound nutrient with weight-losing and lipid-lowering effects is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s100, preparing dandelion extract, corn stigma extract and mulberry leaf extract;
s200, weighing the tea tree pollen, the oat flour, the plantain seed husk powder, the chia seed oil, the cranberry concentrated powder, the annatto, the konjac powder, the dandelion extract, the corn stigma extract and the mulberry leaf extract according to the parts by weight of the raw materials in the claim 1, fully mixing to obtain a raw material mixture, putting the raw material mixture into a reduced-pressure concentration tank, adding deionized water which is 8-10 times of the weight of the raw material mixture, heating to 45-65 ℃, and carrying out vacuum reduced-pressure concentration to obtain a concentrated solution;
s300, placing the concentrated solution into a solution preparation tank, adding the L-arabinose, the resistant dextrin, the sodium citrate and the tricalcium phosphate in parts by weight according to the claim 1 into the solution preparation tank, and uniformly stirring to obtain the dietary fiber compound nutrient with the weight-losing and lipid-lowering effects.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the dandelion extract, the corn silk extract and the mulberry leaf extract are prepared in the same manner, and each method comprises:
(1) soaking the raw materials in 8-10 times of water for 12-15h, heating to boil, maintaining the boiling state for 1-2h, and filtering to obtain a first filtrate and a first residue;
(2) drying the first filter residue, adding ethanol with volume fraction of 60 percent, which is 6-8 times of the weight of the first filter residue, into the dried first filter residue, soaking for 1-2h, heating to 65-75 ℃, leaching for 1.5-2h, stirring once every 10min in the leaching process, wherein the stirring speed is 200-300 r/min; then standing for 24 hours at the temperature of 8 ℃, and obtaining a second filtrate and a second filter residue through filtration and separation;
(3) adding ethanol with volume fraction of 60% and weight of 8-10 times of the second filter residue into the second filter residue, soaking for 6-7h, heating to 65-75 ℃, leaching for 2.5-3h, stirring once every 10min in the leaching process, stirring at the speed of 200-300 r/min, standing for 24h at 8 ℃, and filtering and separating to obtain a third filtrate and a first filter residue; combining the first filtrate, the second filtrate, and the third filtrate to obtain an extract.
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Application publication date: 20200218 |