CN110800410A - Method for improving oil-tea camellia forest acid soil - Google Patents
Method for improving oil-tea camellia forest acid soil Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/02—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing inorganic compounds only
- C09K17/06—Calcium compounds, e.g. lime
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- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- C09K2101/00—Agricultural use
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- C09K2109/00—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE pH regulation
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
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- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving oil tea forest acid soil, which belongs to the field of acidified soil treatment and restoration, and comprises the following steps: s1: deeply ploughing the acid soil of the camellia oleifera forest to be improved to a depth of 30-50cm away from the surface to form a plough layer; s2: after 15-20 days, ploughing the oil tea forest acid soil to a distance of 20-30cm again, carrying out reclamation on the oil tea forest acid soil by 25cm, and digging and ploughing deep soil to expose the deep soil; s3: applying and sowing the camellia oleifera acidic soil conditioner and the improved compound fertilizer to ensure that the camellia oleifera acidic soil conditioner and the improved compound fertilizer are uniform with ploughed soil; s4: the suitable dosage of the acid soil conditioner is 240kg-280 kg/mu, the modified compound fertilizer is 2500kg-4000 kg/mu, the occurrence of the re-acidification problem is reduced by adopting calcium carbonate and calcium hydroxide, the organic matter content of the soil is improved by adopting the modified compound fertilizer, the quick-acting phosphorus potassium based selenium-rich fertilizer for comprehensively and thoroughly improving the selenium content of the camellia oleifera is adopted, and the product of the camellia oleifera is improved by several times.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of acidified soil treatment and restoration, in particular to a method for improving oil tea forest acid soil.
Background
Tea-oil tree is a woody edible oil tree species unique to China, and is called four woody oil plants in the world together with olive (oleaeuropaea L.), oil palm (Elaeanguineensis Jacq.), and coconut (Cocosnucifera L.). The content of unsaturated fatty acid in the tea oil reaches more than 90 percent, has the functions of softening blood vessels and reducing blood fat and blood pressure, is one of the best edible health-care oils at home and abroad at present, and the tea oil and the by-products thereof also have important functions in the fields of agriculture, industry, medicine and the like. Therefore, the method has great significance in the aspects of ensuring the supply of high-quality edible oil in China, developing economy in mountainous areas, improving the living standard of people, promoting the employment and income increase of farmers, improving the health condition of people, improving the ecological environment and the like by vigorously developing the production of the oil tea.
Soil is the leading factor in the ecological factors of camellia oleifera cultivation distribution, and camellia oleifera in China is widely distributed in red soil regions in the south. The red soil is the soil type with the largest distribution area and the widest range of the Chinese camellia oleifera forest land, and soil acidification is an expression form of soil degradation, which is a natural phenomenon that soil acidification is increased and is changed into strong acidity or extremely strong acidity. The soil acidification condition of China is more and more serious, the acidified land area is expanded to more than 40% of the cultivated land area of China, and the situation that the soil is flaky often occurs, because the soil is acidic and has more rainwater in the south of China, the soil acidification phenomenon is more serious, and the soil acidification or serious acidification in Wuhan region is more than 90%. The soil acidification problem is more prominent than that of common cultivated land, the nutrient utilization rate is reduced due to soil acidification, harmful bacteria in the soil are increased, and the yield and quality of vegetables and the sustainable development of vegetable lands are directly affected.
The traditional method for improving acid soil is to use lime or limestone powder alone, and the lime can obviously reduce the acidity of the acid soil but sometimes enhance the re-acidification degree. In the market, some acid soil composite conditioners are also provided, the main components of the acid soil composite conditioners are mixtures of lime and some minerals or industrial byproducts, but most of the conditioners contain a certain amount of toxic metal elements, such as lead, cadmium, arsenic, chromium and the like, so that the pollution problem to the soil environment exists, the acid conditioners are single in function at present, the traditional fertilizer accumulation mode is adopted aiming at the soil fertility aspect, in the accumulation process, organic substances and nitrogen elements in the fertilizer content are gradually lost, the loss is serious, the improvement cannot be achieved, the fertility is further seriously affected, the yield of the camellia oleifera is general, and the quality is also general.
Based on the above, the invention designs a method for improving the acid soil of the camellia oleifera forest, so as to solve the above mentioned problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for improving oil-tea camellia forest acid soil, which aims to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a method for improving oil tea forest acid soil comprises the following steps:
s1: deeply ploughing the acid soil of the camellia oleifera forest to be improved to a depth of 30-50cm away from the surface to form a plough layer;
s2: after 15-20 days, ploughing the oil tea forest acid soil to a distance of 20-30cm again, carrying out reclamation on the oil tea forest acid soil by 25cm, and digging and ploughing deep soil to expose the deep soil;
s3: applying and sowing the camellia oleifera acidic soil conditioner and the improved compound fertilizer to ensure that the camellia oleifera acidic soil conditioner and the improved compound fertilizer are uniform with ploughed soil;
s4: the appropriate dosage of the acid soil conditioner is 240kg-280 kg/mu, and the improved compound fertilizer is 2500kg-4000 kg/mu.
Preferably, the acid soil conditioner comprises calcium carbonate and calcium hydroxide.
Preferably, the improved compound fertilizer is formed by mixing a biogas fertilizer, a chemical fertilizer and a selenium potassium polyphosphate compound fertilizer.
Preferably, the preparation steps of the acid soil conditioner are as follows:
(1) respectively grinding calcium carbonate and calcium hydroxide, wherein the fineness of 90% of the calcium carbonate and the calcium hydroxide passes through a 30-mesh sieve to obtain ground calcium carbonate and calcium hydroxide powder;
(2) and fully and uniformly mixing the ground calcium carbonate and calcium hydroxide powder according to the weight ratio of 3:1 to prepare the acid soil conditioner.
Preferably, the preparation steps of the biogas fertilizer are as follows: waste straw and waste rod and animal waste are put into a methane tank as raw materials and are prepared by anaerobic fermentation residual residues.
Preferably, the specific preparation process of the improved compound fertilizer is as follows: dissolving a selenium potassium polyphosphate compound fertilizer into a biogas fermentation product according to the dosage ratio of the selenium potassium polyphosphate compound fertilizer to the biogas fertilizer of 0.43mg/Kg, stacking the dissolved biogas fermentation product with organic garbage or soil to form a plurality of layers, wherein the height of each layer is 30cm, covering a layer of organic garbage or soil with the same thickness to form a truncated cone-shaped fertilizer pile, stacking for 20 days to form a biogas rotten fertilizer, and then adding a layer of organic garbage or soil with the same thickness into the fertilizer pile according to the dosage ratio of the fertilizer to the biogas fertilizer of 1: 100, adding fertilizers to generate different biogas rotting fertilizers.
Preferably, the fertilizer is an ammonium fertilizer, a calcium phosphate fertilizer or an ammonium sulfate and calcium superphosphate compound fertilizer.
Preferably, the preparation method of the selenium potassium polyphosphate compound fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) adding selenium powder with the purity of 99.999 percent into a reactor to react with 30 percent nitric acid, and concentrating, filtering, drying and thermally decomposing a product to prepare high-purity selenium dioxide;
(2) dissolving in water to obtain selenious acid, weighing potassium carbonate powder and 85% phosphoric acid according to the molar ratio of 1.2: 1, dissolving potassium carbonate in purified water according to the ratio of 1: 2, slowly adding phosphoric acid under stirring for neutralization reaction, and dehydrating and drying. Generating potassium polyphosphate at 400 ℃;
(3) then the selenium dioxide and the potassium polyphosphate are weighed according to the molar ratio of 1.8: 1, the selenium dioxide is firstly hydrolyzed into selenious acid to obtain selenious acid with the concentration of 0.2g/ml, the potassium polyphosphate is slowly added into the selenious acid to carry out chemical reaction, the reaction process is in a stirring state, and finally the required product is formed by dehydration, deacidification and compounding at the temperature of 250 ℃ and 300 ℃.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention reduces the occurrence of the problem of complex acidification by adopting calcium carbonate and calcium hydroxide, can achieve the effect of treating both principal and secondary aspects of disease, does not contain industrial byproducts in the raw materials, and does not introduce toxic metal elements to pollute the soil;
2. by adopting the biogas fertilizer in the improved compound fertilizer, the absorption of the oil tea soil on nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients is promoted by using the biogas fertilizer, the utilization rate of nitrogen and phosphorus is improved, the organic matter content of the soil is improved, and the contents of total nitrogen, alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, quick-acting phosphorus and quick-acting potassium are accumulated, so that the oil tea product is improved by several times, and the oil tea product is matched with a chemical fertilizer for comprehensive use, so that the effect is better;
3. the invention adopts the selenium potassium polyphosphate compound fertilizer in the improved compound fertilizer to comprehensively and thoroughly improve the quick-acting phosphorus potassium based selenium-rich fertilizer with the selenium content of the oil tea, and the fertilizer can be well absorbed by the oil tea and has very simple and convenient application mode.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A method for improving oil tea forest acid soil comprises the following steps:
s1: deeply ploughing the acid soil of the camellia oleifera forest to be improved to a depth of 30-50cm away from the surface to form a plough layer;
s2: after 15-20 days, ploughing the oil tea forest acid soil to a distance of 20-30cm again, carrying out reclamation on the oil tea forest acid soil by 25cm, and digging and ploughing deep soil to expose the deep soil;
s3: applying and sowing the camellia oleifera acidic soil conditioner and the improved compound fertilizer to ensure that the camellia oleifera acidic soil conditioner and the improved compound fertilizer are uniform with ploughed soil;
s4: the appropriate dosage of the acid soil conditioner is 240kg-280 kg/mu, and the improved compound fertilizer is 2500kg-4000 kg/mu.
The preparation method of the acid soil conditioner comprises the following steps:
respectively grinding calcium carbonate and calcium hydroxide, wherein the fineness of 90% of the calcium carbonate and the calcium hydroxide passes through a 30-mesh sieve to obtain ground calcium carbonate and calcium hydroxide powder;
and fully and uniformly mixing the ground calcium carbonate and calcium hydroxide powder according to the weight ratio of 3:1 to prepare the acid soil conditioner.
After the acid modifying agent of the invention is applied for 30 days, the pH value of the plough layer soil can be increased from the extremely acidic condition (4.0) to the range (6.0-6.5) suitable for the growth of crops.
The improved compound fertilizer is formed by mixing a biogas fertilizer, a chemical fertilizer and a selenium potassium polyphosphate compound fertilizer.
The preparation steps of the biogas fertilizer are as follows: waste straw and waste rod and animal waste are put into a methane tank as raw materials and are prepared by anaerobic fermentation residual residues.
After the domestic organic waste is fermented by the biogas, carbon elements contained in the domestic organic waste are converted into methane to be utilized by energy sources, nitrogen elements are fermented into ammonium nitrogen and protein nitrogen to be used as nitrogen fertilizers for storage, and on the other hand, trace elements such as phosphorus, potassium and the like are enriched in the fermentation, are all essential elements for the growth of crops, and are very beneficial to the absorption of plants. Meanwhile, humic acid and ammonium nitrogen in the biogas manure are quick-acting fertilizers, and can be quickly decomposed after entering soil, so that the fertilizer efficiency is increased. Therefore, the biogas fermentation residues are ideal organic fertilizers, and the long-term application of the fertilizers in the oil tea forest can establish high yield,
The method has very important functions of stabilizing the yield of the oil tea, improving soil and fertilizing soil.
The preparation process of the improved compound fertilizer comprises the following steps: the selenium potassium polyphosphate compound fertilizer is dissolved into the biogas fermentation product according to the dosage ratio of the selenium potassium polyphosphate compound fertilizer to the biogas fertilizer of 0.43mg/Kg, and well reaches the national standard (the national standard is 0.3-5 mg/Kg). Then dissolving the biogas fermentation product, stacking the dissolved biogas fermentation product and organic garbage or soil into a plurality of layers, wherein the height of each layer is 30cm, covering a layer of organic garbage or soil with the same thickness to form a truncated cone-shaped fertilizer pile, stacking for 20 days to form biogas rotting fertilizer, and then adding 1 percent of fertilizer and biogas fertilizer into the fertilizer pile according to the ratio of the fertilizer to the biogas fertilizer: 100, adding fertilizers to generate different biogas rotting fertilizers.
Wherein the fertilizer is ammonium fertilizer, calcium phosphate fertilizer or ammonium sulfate and calcium superphosphate compound fertilizer.
When calcium phosphate fertilizer is added into every cubic meter of the biogas manure, the biogas manure phosphate fertilizer can be prepared, meanwhile, if a proper amount of ammonium fertilizer is poured 3-4 days before the biogas manure phosphate fertilizer is used, the biogas manure ammonium fertilizer can be prepared, and different biogas manure fertilizers are used in different soils, and unexpected yield increase effect can be produced.
The preparation method of the selenium potassium polyphosphate compound fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) adding selenium powder with the purity of 99.999 percent into a reactor to react with 30 percent nitric acid, and concentrating, filtering, drying and thermally decomposing a product to prepare high-purity selenium dioxide;
(2) dissolving in water to obtain selenious acid, weighing potassium carbonate powder and 85% phosphoric acid according to the molar ratio of 1.2: 1, dissolving potassium carbonate in purified water according to the ratio of 1: 2, slowly adding phosphoric acid under stirring for neutralization reaction, and dehydrating and drying. Generating potassium polyphosphate at 400 ℃;
(3) then the selenium dioxide and the potassium polyphosphate are weighed according to the molar ratio of 1.8: 1, the selenium dioxide is firstly hydrolyzed into selenious acid to obtain selenious acid with the concentration of 0.2g/ml, the potassium polyphosphate is slowly added into the selenious acid to carry out chemical reaction, the reaction process is in a stirring state, and finally the required product is formed by dehydration, deacidification and compounding at the temperature of 250 ℃ and 300 ℃.
By adopting the selenium potassium polyphosphate compound fertilizer, the selenium has better influence on aspects such as selenium content in the camellia oleifera fruits, yield increase and the like, and the comprehensive evaluation is highest.
The research result shows that the compound preparation has the advantages of high stability,
1. the invention reduces the occurrence of the problem of complex acidification by adopting calcium carbonate and calcium hydroxide, can achieve the effect of treating both principal and secondary aspects of disease, does not contain industrial byproducts in the raw materials, and does not introduce toxic metal elements to pollute the soil;
2. by adopting the biogas fertilizer in the improved compound fertilizer, the absorption of the oil tea soil on nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients is promoted by using the biogas fertilizer, the utilization rate of nitrogen and phosphorus is improved, the organic matter content of the soil is improved, and the contents of total nitrogen, alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, quick-acting phosphorus and quick-acting potassium are accumulated, so that the oil tea product is improved by several times, and the oil tea product is matched with a chemical fertilizer for comprehensive use, so that the effect is better;
3. the invention adopts the selenium potassium polyphosphate compound fertilizer in the improved compound fertilizer to comprehensively and thoroughly improve the quick-acting phosphorus potassium based selenium-rich fertilizer with the selenium content of the oil tea, and the fertilizer can be well absorbed by the oil tea and has very simple and convenient application mode.
In the description herein, references to the description of "one embodiment," "an example," "a specific example" or the like are intended to mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The preferred embodiments of the invention disclosed above are intended to be illustrative only. The preferred embodiments are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise embodiments disclosed. Obviously, many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention. The invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.
Claims (8)
1. A method for improving oil tea forest acid soil is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1: deeply ploughing the acid soil of the camellia oleifera forest to be improved to a depth of 30-50cm away from the surface to form a plough layer;
s2: after 15-20 days, ploughing the oil tea forest acid soil to a distance of 20-30cm again, carrying out reclamation on the oil tea forest acid soil by 25cm, and digging and ploughing deep soil to expose the deep soil;
s3: applying and sowing the camellia oleifera acidic soil conditioner and the improved compound fertilizer to ensure that the camellia oleifera acidic soil conditioner and the improved compound fertilizer are uniform with ploughed soil;
s4: the appropriate dosage of the acid soil conditioner is 240kg-280 kg/mu, and the improved compound fertilizer is 2500kg-4000 kg/mu.
2. The method for improving the acid soil of the camellia oleifera forest according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the acid soil conditioner comprises calcium carbonate and calcium hydroxide.
3. The method for improving the acid soil of the camellia oleifera forest according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the improved compound fertilizer is formed by mixing a biogas fertilizer, a chemical fertilizer and a selenium potassium polyphosphate compound fertilizer.
4. The method for improving the acid soil of the camellia oleifera forest according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the preparation steps of the acid soil conditioner are as follows:
respectively grinding calcium carbonate and calcium hydroxide, wherein the fineness of 90% of the calcium carbonate and the calcium hydroxide passes through a 30-mesh sieve to obtain ground calcium carbonate and calcium hydroxide powder;
and fully and uniformly mixing the ground calcium carbonate and calcium hydroxide powder according to the weight ratio of 3:1 to prepare the acid soil conditioner.
5. The method for improving the acid soil of the camellia oleifera forest according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the preparation steps of the biogas fertilizer are as follows: waste straw and waste rod and animal waste are put into a methane tank as raw materials and are prepared by anaerobic fermentation residual residues.
6. The method for improving the acid soil of the camellia oleifera forest according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the preparation process of the improved compound fertilizer comprises the following steps: dissolving a selenium potassium polyphosphate compound fertilizer into a biogas fermentation product according to the dosage ratio of the selenium potassium polyphosphate compound fertilizer to the biogas fertilizer of 0.43mg/kg, stacking the dissolved biogas fermentation product with organic garbage or soil to form a plurality of layers, wherein the height of each layer is 30cm, covering a layer of organic garbage or soil with the same thickness to form a truncated cone-shaped fertilizer pile, stacking for 20 days to form a biogas rotten fertilizer, and then adding a layer of organic garbage or soil with the same thickness into the fertilizer pile according to the dosage ratio of the fertilizer to the biogas fertilizer of 1: 100, adding fertilizers to generate different biogas rotting fertilizers.
7. The method for improving the acid soil of the camellia oleifera forest according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the fertilizer is ammonium fertilizer, calcium phosphate fertilizer or ammonium sulfate and calcium superphosphate compound fertilizer.
8. The method for improving the acid soil of the camellia oleifera forest according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the preparation method of the selenium potassium polyphosphate compound fertilizer comprises the following steps:
adding selenium powder with the purity of 99.999 percent into a reactor to react with 30 percent nitric acid, and concentrating, filtering, drying and thermally decomposing a product to prepare high-purity selenium dioxide;
dissolving in water to obtain selenious acid, weighing potassium carbonate powder and 85% phosphoric acid according to the molar ratio of 1.2: 1, dissolving potassium carbonate in purified water according to the ratio of 1: 2, slowly adding phosphoric acid under stirring for neutralization reaction, and dehydrating and drying. Generating potassium polyphosphate at 400 ℃;
then the selenium dioxide and the potassium polyphosphate are weighed according to the molar ratio of 1.8: 1, the selenium dioxide is firstly hydrolyzed into selenious acid to obtain selenious acid with the concentration of 0.2g/ml, the potassium polyphosphate is slowly added into the selenious acid to carry out chemical reaction, the reaction process is in a stirring state, and finally the required product is formed by dehydration, deacidification and compounding at the temperature of 250 ℃ and 300 ℃.
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Application publication date: 20200218 |