CN110797623B - Planar microstrip resonator for medium detection and conformal antenna - Google Patents
Planar microstrip resonator for medium detection and conformal antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN110797623B CN110797623B CN201911110509.0A CN201911110509A CN110797623B CN 110797623 B CN110797623 B CN 110797623B CN 201911110509 A CN201911110509 A CN 201911110509A CN 110797623 B CN110797623 B CN 110797623B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P7/00—Resonators of the waveguide type
- H01P7/08—Strip line resonators
- H01P7/082—Microstripline resonators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
Abstract
The invention provides a planar microstrip resonator for a medium detection and conformal antenna, which consists of a metal top layer, a metal bottom layer and a medium layer; the metal top layer adopts a 2-order Minkowski fractal deformation structure, a 1-order Minkowski fractal deformation patch is arranged in the 2-order Minkowski fractal deformation structure, and the 1-order Minkowski fractal deformation patch is formed by hollowing and slotting the whole microstrip resonance structure. When the resonator measures the medium parameters, the resonator has the characteristics of wide application range and high precision; when the antenna element is used as an antenna element, the antenna element has the characteristics of thinness and conformality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of microstrip resonators, in particular to a planar microstrip resonator for a medium detection and conformal antenna.
Background
The development of modern high-tech technology cannot be separated from the development of composite materials, and the composite materials play an important role in the development of modern science and technology. The research depth and the application range of the composite material and the speed and the scale of the production development of the composite material become one of the important marks for measuring the advanced level of the national science and technology. The composite material is a mixture of two or more reinforcing phase materials mixed in a matrix phase material. Different mixing ratios will affect various parameters of the final composite. Therefore, the search for a structure which can be widely applied to measuring different material parameters has positive significance.
With the development of wireless energy transfer technology, there is increasing interest in having conformal array antennas that do not disrupt the aerodynamic profile of an aircraft. Modern aircraft profile designs are moving toward stealth, high speed and reduced Radar Cross Section (RCS). This has not been possible with antenna arrays designed by classical array theory to meet the form factor of these aircraft, so conformal antenna arrays are the best way to solve this problem.
In modern science and technology, composite materials are widely used in various aspects, and therefore, how to measure the characteristics of the composite materials becomes a difficult problem, such as dielectric constant and loss fidelity. The existing part of antennas can not be used on the surface of an airplane, or after the existing part of antennas are conformal to the airplane, the relevant parameters of the antennas, such as working frequency, gain and the like, are obviously deteriorated, so that the problem of how to keep good performance of the antennas after the antennas are conformal to the airplane and other structures is a difficult problem.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a planar microstrip resonator for medium detection and conformal antennas, which has the characteristics of wide application range and high precision when used for measuring medium parameters, and can accurately measure a medium with a dielectric constant of 1-10 and a loss tangent of 0.01-0.2 at high precision. When the resonator is used as an antenna unit, the resonator has the characteristics of thinness and conformality, the fractal structure can effectively reduce the size of the antenna, and the thickness of the substrate is effectively reduced by adopting a method of designing the ground and the antenna together.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a planar microstrip resonator for medium detection and conformal antenna comprises three layers, wherein the upper layer is a metal top layer, the lower layer is a metal bottom layer, namely a microstrip feed network, and the middle layer is a medium layer; a 2-order Minkowski fractal deformation structure is adopted on the metal top layer, a 1-order Minkowski fractal deformation patch is arranged inside the 2-order Minkowski fractal deformation structure, and the 1-order Minkowski fractal deformation patch is formed by hollowing and slotting the whole microstrip resonance structure; the structure of the 1-order Minkowski fractal deformation patch is as follows: the metal sheet comprises a square metal sheet, wherein a hollow square ring groove and a square small groove perpendicular to the square ring groove are formed in the metal sheet, and the square ring groove is communicated with the square small groove; the 2-order Minkowski fractal deformation structure specifically comprises: the 1-order Minkowski fractal deformation patch is provided with square surrounding grooves at the periphery, four corners of each square surrounding groove are connected with rectangular grooves, two adjacent sides of each rectangular groove and each square surrounding groove are connected with a small rectangular groove, and the square surrounding grooves, the rectangular grooves and the small rectangular grooves are communicated.
Further, the metal top layer adopts a copper sheet.
Further, the metal bottom layer adopts a copper sheet.
Further, the dielectric layer adopts a Rogers4350B high-frequency plate.
Further, the feeding portion of the metal bottom layer is provided with a rectangular microstrip line.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the method can be applied to microwave medium measurement and conformal antenna arrays. When used for microwave measurements, the complex permittivity of a medium can be measured. When the resonator is used for a conformal antenna array, the resonator of the invention can be used as an antenna unit and can change in the range of the radius of curvature R of a cylinder being 0.01m to R being 1m, the gain and the return loss of the resonator can not change greatly and can be kept stable basically.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a planar microstrip resonator unit structure of the present invention.
Figure 2 is a detailed view of the structure of a planar microstrip resonator element of the present invention.
Figure 3 is a front view of a planar microstrip resonator element structure of the present invention.
Figure 4 is a rear view of the planar microstrip resonator element structure of the present invention.
Figure 5 is a block diagram of a 1-order minkowski fractal deformation patch in accordance with the present invention.
Figure 6 is a side view of a planar microstrip resonator element structure of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a graph of port reflection coefficients using the present resonator.
Fig. 8 is a 5.8GHz pattern of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a graph comparing the results of simulation of the reflection coefficient and Q value of the unit structure of the present invention and a rectangular patch operating at 5.8 GHz.
Fig. 10 is a graph of the current distribution of the resonator of the present invention at an operating frequency of 5.8 GHz.
Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of an experimental setup for measuring 10mm by 1.6mm of the medium to be measured with the resonator of the present invention.
FIG. 12 is a first simulation graph of S-parameters when different media are measured.
FIG. 13 is a second simulation of S-parameters when different media are measured.
Fig. 14 is a graph of S-parameter simulation when the dielectric loss tangent is increased from 0.02 to 0.4 when the relative permittivity is set to 1.
Fig. 15 is a schematic diagram of the antenna and R variation.
FIG. 16 is | S11| is a schematic diagram as a function of radius R.
Fig. 17 is a graph showing the variation of gain with R.
In the figure: a metal top layer 1; a dielectric layer 2; a metal bottom layer 3; a 2-order minkowski fractal deformation structure 4; 1-order minkowski fractal deformation patch 5; a metal sheet 6; a square ring groove 7; a small square groove 8; a square surrounding groove 9; a rectangular groove 10; a rectangular small groove 11; a medium to be tested 12; a rectangular microstrip line 13; a small fractal rectangular microstrip patch 14.
Detailed Description
The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the figures and the description of the embodiments.
The material property of the dielectric plate has great influence on the function of the antenna unit, and the relative dielectric constant has great influence on the fringe field of the radiating patch and the bandwidth of the antenna. The loss tangent is small, and the consumption of waves in the plate material can be reduced, but this causes an increase in the processing cost. The thickening of the dielectric plate can increase the bandwidth of the antenna, but can lead to the increase of loss in the dielectric plate and the reduction of the radiation capability of the antenna. The thickness H is generally between 0.03 λ and 0.04 λ, which should be taken into account when designing the antenna. The Rogers4350B has moderate price and good broadband frequency response characteristics, and most importantly, the Rogers4350B dielectric substrate has certain flexibility and can be subjected to common design.
The antenna radiator adopts a fractal structure with self-similarity, so that the resonance frequency extremely close to the central frequency can be generated, and the frequency band bandwidth of the antenna is expanded. The fractal structure can improve the use area of the substrate and reduce the size of the antenna under the same electrical length. The electrical length of the side length of the rectangular hollow-out can not be changed under the condition that the resonance point is not changed. A 2-order Minkowski (Minkowski) fractal deformation structure is used to reduce the size of the antenna, and a 1-order Minkowski (Minkowski) fractal deformation patch is added internally to improve the gain. And simultaneously, a rectangular resonance unit is considered to be introduced to improve the gain of the antenna unit. Referring to a common rectangular microstrip antenna model, a common rectangular microstrip antenna mainly depends on two microstrip slots at two sides to form two equivalent magnetic currents so as to radiate energy. The resonator unit designed by the invention is obtained by applying the structure to the design of the antenna and adding a structure similar to a microstrip rectangular antenna in the hollow structure, as shown in fig. 1 to 6, specifically as follows:
the invention relates to a planar microstrip resonator, which is composed of three layers of structures, wherein the upper layer is a metal top layer 1, the lower layer is a metal bottom layer 3, namely a microstrip feed network, and the middle layer is a dielectric layer 2; a 2-order Minkowski fractal deformation structure 4 is adopted on the metal top layer 1, a 1-order Minkowski fractal deformation patch 5 is arranged inside the 2-order Minkowski fractal deformation structure 4, and the 1-order Minkowski fractal deformation patch 5 is formed by hollowing and slotting on the whole microstrip resonance structure; the structure of the 1-order minkowski fractal deformation patch 5 is as follows: the device comprises a square metal sheet 6, wherein a hollowed square ring groove 7 and a square small groove 8 perpendicular to the square ring groove 7 are formed in the metal sheet 6, and the square ring groove 7 is communicated with the square small groove 8; the 2-order minkowski fractal deformation structure 4 specifically is: the 1-order Minkowski fractal deformation patch 5 is provided with square surrounding grooves 9 at the periphery, four corners of each square surrounding groove 9 are connected through rectangular grooves 10, two adjacent sides of each rectangular groove 10 and each square surrounding groove 9 are connected with a small rectangular groove 11, and each square surrounding groove 9, each rectangular groove 10 and each small rectangular groove 11 are communicated.
The metal bottom layer 3 is a microstrip feed network, a required design structure is realized by using a bottom layer copper sheet, and meanwhile, four triangular grooves are formed in a feed terminal to form a feed structure. As can be seen from fig. 7 and 8, a rectangular microstrip line 13 is added to the lower feeding portion, and a small fractal rectangular microstrip patch 14 (a metal part between the 1-order minkowski fractal deformation patch 5 and the 2-order minkowski fractal deformation structure 4) is added to the upper hollow portion, so that the unit antenna gain is successfully improved, and the improvement of the resonator unit can see that the gain has obvious variation.
Fig. 9 shows the reflection coefficient and Q-value comparison of the resonator of the present invention and the rectangular patch at an operating frequency of 5.8GHz, and it can be seen from fig. 9 that the Q-value of the resonator of the present invention is higher.
The resonator of the invention can measure the complex dielectric constant of the medium, and S is measured by using the resonator and a genetic algorithm11The dielectric constant and the loss tangent of the medium can be accurately and reversely deduced. Fig. 10 is the current distribution of the resonator at 5.8GHz operating frequency, and fig. 11 is the experimental setup of the resonator measuring 10mm by 1.6mm of the medium to be measured.
Fig. 12 and 13 show S-parameter simulations in the case of measuring different media. As can be seen from fig. 12, when media with different dielectric constants are measured, the resonant frequency changes regularly, and the resonant frequency moves to the left as the dielectric constant increases. S at a relative dielectric constant of 1 and a linear change in loss tangent from 0.02 to 0.411The amplitude of (c) increases with the increase of the loss tangent, while the resonance frequency does not change with the change of the loss tangent, as shown in fig. 13 and 14.
FIG. 14S when the dielectric loss tangent was increased from 0.02 to 0.4 with the relative permittivity set to 111The amplitude simulation of (2).
Table 1 shows the S obtained by measuring different media using a genetic algorithm for a resonator according to the invention11The error rate is less than 5%, as can be seen from the dielectric constant and loss tangent of the medium.
TABLE 1 dielectric constant and loss tangent measured by genetic algorithm and resonator according to the invention
When the resonator is used as an antenna unit, the resonator can be conformal under a small radius R. The resonator was conformed at different radii, as shown in fig. 15, and its port S was simulated11And the amplitude and pattern maximum gain variation characteristic diagram. The curvature of the antenna element increases with decreasing R, where we calculate the port S from a radius R of 1m to R of 0.02m11Amplitude of the pattern and maximum gain of the pattern.
As can be seen from FIG. 16, the radius R varies from 0.01m to 1mAt time, its antenna element port | S11Can be kept well stable without offset. And the-10 dB frequency bandwidth is always kept around 7%. As can be seen from fig. 17, the array element gain does not change with the change in R, and remains substantially around 5 dBi.
Claims (4)
1. A planar microstrip resonator for a medium detection and conformal antenna is characterized by consisting of three layers of structures, wherein the upper layer is a metal top layer (1), the lower layer is a metal bottom layer (3), namely a microstrip feed network, and the middle layer is a medium layer (2); four triangular grooves are formed at the feed terminal of the metal bottom layer (3) to form a feed structure, and a rectangular microstrip line (13) is added to the lower feed part;
a 2-order Minkowski fractal deformation structure (4) is adopted on the metal top layer (1), a 1-order Minkowski fractal deformation patch (5) is arranged inside the 2-order Minkowski fractal deformation structure (4), and the 1-order Minkowski fractal deformation patch (5) is formed by hollowing and slotting on the whole microstrip resonance structure;
the structure of the 1-order Minkowski fractal deformation patch (5) is as follows: the device comprises a square metal sheet (6), wherein a hollowed square ring groove (7) is formed in the metal sheet (6), square small grooves (8) perpendicular to the square ring groove (7) are formed in four sides of the square ring groove (7), and the square ring groove (7) is communicated with the square small grooves (8);
the 2-order Minkowski fractal deformation structure (4) is specifically as follows: the 1-order Minkowski fractal deformation patch (5) is provided with square surrounding grooves (9) at the periphery, four corners of each square surrounding groove (9) are connected through rectangular grooves (10), two adjacent sides of each rectangular groove (10) and each square surrounding groove (9) are connected with a small rectangular groove (11), and the square surrounding grooves (9), the rectangular grooves (10) and the small rectangular grooves (11) are communicated.
2. Planar microstrip resonator for dielectric detection and conformal antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the metal top layer (1) is copper sheet.
3. The planar microstrip resonator for the dielectric detection and conformal antenna according to claim 1, wherein the metal bottom layer (3) is a copper sheet.
4. Planar microstrip resonator for a dielectric detection and conformal antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the dielectric layer (2) is a Rogers4350B high frequency board.
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| CN112688067B (en) * | 2020-12-15 | 2023-02-21 | 加特兰微电子科技(上海)有限公司 | Complex dielectric constant measuring method, radio frequency device, integrated circuit, and radio device |
| CN112986692B (en) * | 2021-02-03 | 2022-05-24 | 四川大学 | Complex dielectric constant sensor based on medium integrated suspension line and measuring system |
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| CN101465460A (en) * | 2007-12-21 | 2009-06-24 | 长盛科技股份有限公司 | Fractal dipole aerial |
| CN107248615A (en) * | 2017-05-26 | 2017-10-13 | 西南交通大学 | One kind miniaturization point shape gap loop antenna |
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| US7113141B2 (en) * | 2005-02-01 | 2006-09-26 | Elta Systems Ltd. | Fractal dipole antenna |
| CN103943949B (en) * | 2014-04-16 | 2016-08-24 | 上海交通大学 | The fractal miniaturization method of Axial-mode cylindrical helical antenna |
| CN106887686A (en) * | 2017-03-24 | 2017-06-23 | 电子科技大学 | Double frequency round polarized antenna based on fractal structure |
| CN106887688A (en) * | 2017-03-30 | 2017-06-23 | 苏州伟尼特美智能科技有限公司 | Micro-strip paster antenna and its manufacture method based on Minkowski |
| US10498040B2 (en) * | 2018-02-17 | 2019-12-03 | Fractal Antenna Systems, Inc. | Vivaldi horn antennas incorporating FPS |
| CN110323559A (en) * | 2019-03-12 | 2019-10-11 | 电子科技大学 | A kind of novel high-performance conformal array antenna |
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| CN101465460A (en) * | 2007-12-21 | 2009-06-24 | 长盛科技股份有限公司 | Fractal dipole aerial |
| CN107248615A (en) * | 2017-05-26 | 2017-10-13 | 西南交通大学 | One kind miniaturization point shape gap loop antenna |
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