CN110797585A

CN110797585A - Container formation method for lead-acid storage battery

Info

Publication number: CN110797585A
Application number: CN201810872977.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王渝平
Original assignee: Zhaoqing Leoch Battery Technology Co Ltd
Current assignee: Zhaoqing Leoch Battery Technology Co Ltd
Priority date: 2018-08-02
Filing date: 2018-08-02
Publication date: 2020-02-14
Anticipated expiration: 2038-08-02
Also published as: CN110797585B

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of lead-acid storage batteries, in particular to a container formation method of a lead-acid storage battery, which comprises the following steps: step (a): reverse charging: adding acid into the battery to be formed, placing the battery in warm water bath for 2 hours, and adding-0.02C₂₀Charging for 55 minutes, and then intermitting for 5 minutes; step (b): multi-stage constant current charging: the multi-stage constant current charging at least comprises a first stage and a second stage in sequence, and the current of the second stage is greater than that of the first stage; the step (c) includes: intermittent operation is carried out for 3 hours; step (d): circulating charge and discharge: charging and discharging for multiple times are performed to form a charging and discharging cycle, an interval is formed between every two times of charging, and the step (e) is performed after multiple charging and discharging cycles; a step (e): and (3) constant-current intermittent charging: the storage battery is charged in a positive current and intermittent mode until the voltage is stable. The formation method has short formation period and low power consumption, and is beneficial to obtaining better results of the starting performance and deep cycle performance of the AGM start-stop battery and reducing energy consumption.

Description

Container formation method for lead-acid storage battery

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of lead-acid storage batteries, in particular to a container formation method of a lead-acid storage battery.

Background

The novel environment-friendly automobile is designed with a set of start-stop system according to the principle that when the automobile meets the conditions of traffic lights and the like in urban driving, an engine stops working under the idling state of the automobile, and when the automobile needs to run, the storage battery is used as driving power for supplying power, and then the storage battery is automatically converted into the engine for supplying power. Therefore, unnecessary fuel consumption can be saved, the potential is particularly greater for urban working conditions, the fuel consumption can be reduced by 8% -15%, and the emission of waste tail gas can be reduced by about 5%, so that the new emission standard is reached. The AGM start-stop lead-acid storage battery is a battery with a novel purpose, has higher requirements on the electrical performance due to the special purpose, and has the characteristics of not only requiring good automobile starting performance, but also requiring the running of an automobile as a power source in a short time, namely deep cycle performance. Therefore, all countries develop and develop the product in competition, so as to occupy the high point of the technical field. The AGM start-stop lead-acid storage battery adopts the AGM superfine glass wool separator, and has the advantages that the electrolyte is absorbed in the AGM separator, and the generated hydrogen and oxygen are recombined into water in the storage battery to flow back to the electrolyte by the oxygen circulation principle in the use process of the storage battery, so that the service life of the storage battery is longer, and the storage battery is more environment-friendly. But internalization during production, such as with a battery, is more difficult than with a flooded battery.

The traditional formation method is generally formed by a simple constant-current charging and discharging method, has the characteristics of high energy consumption and long formation period, and is formed into the battery by a traditional mode, wherein the formation period is more than 60 hours, and the total electricity consumption of the formation is C₂₀More than 7 times of ampere hours, the formation consistency is not easy to control, the low-temperature performance, the deep cycle performance and other performances are easily influenced by the formation effect, and the reject ratio is high.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the technical problems that the formation period is long and the total power consumption is high in the formation of the lead-acid storage battery in the prior art, the application provides a formation method in the lead-acid storage battery.

An internal formation method of a lead-acid storage battery comprises the following steps of adding acid into a battery to be formed, placing the battery in a warm water bath,

step (b): multi-stage constant current charging: the multi-stage constant current charging at least comprises a first stage and a second stage in sequence, and the current of the second stage is greater than that of the first stage;

step (d): circulating charge and discharge: charging and discharging for multiple times are performed to form a charging and discharging cycle, an interval is formed between every two times of charging, and the step (e) is performed after multiple charging and discharging cycles;

a step (e): and (3) constant-current intermittent charging: the storage battery is charged in a positive current and intermittent mode until the voltage is stable.

Wherein, before step (b), further comprising: step (a): reverse charging: adding acid into the battery to be formed, placing the battery in warm water bath for 2 hours, and adding-0.02C₂₀Charge for 55 minutes and pause for 5 minutes.

Wherein, in step (b), the first stage is performed at 0.13C₂₀Charging for 55 minutes, and then intermitting for 5 minutes; the second stage adopts 0.2C₂₀Charging for 55 minutes, and then intermitting for 5 minutes, and repeating the steps for 6 times.

Wherein the multi-stage constant current charging further comprises a third stage performed after the second stage is finished, and the third stage is performed at 0.2C₂₀After charging for 50 minutes, the charging is carried out at 0.3C₂₀Charging was carried out for 5 minutes, followed by 5-minute intervals, and this was repeated 6 times.

Wherein, further comprising a step (c) performed between the steps (b) and (d), the step (c) comprising: the batch was 3 hours.

Wherein one charge-discharge cycle in the step (d) comprises: firstly, 0.2C₂₀Charging for 55min, intermittently charging for 5min, repeating the above steps for three times, and charging at-0.2C₂₀Discharging for 5 minutes, and finally, intermittently discharging for 5 minutes; and (d) after 3 charging and discharging cycles, performing step (e).

Wherein, the constant current discontinuous charging in the step (e) is firstly 0.2C₂₀Charging for 55min, pausing for 5min, repeating for five times, and charging at 0.2C₂₀Charging for 55 minutes to complete formation.

Wherein the temperature of the warm water bath in the formation process is kept between 50 and 65 ℃.

Wherein the density of the acid added into the battery to be formed is 1.255 +/-0.005 g/C₂₀m³。

Wherein, the C₂₀The number of hours of 20 hours of rate of capacity ampere of the battery is shown.

According to the battery container formation method, the whole formation period is shortened from the existing 60 hours to 34 hours and 25 minutes, the production efficiency is improved, and the total electricity consumption is C₂₀The proportion relation between α -PbO 2 and β -PbO 2 after the whole formation is finished reaches the best, the reaction efficiency is improved, and therefore the AGM start-stop battery is beneficial to obtaining better starting performance and deep cycle performance and reducing energy consumption.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a charging curve diagram of a formation method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following detailed description and accompanying drawings.

The embodiment provides a container formation method for a lead-acid storage battery, which is particularly suitable for AGM start-stop series lead-acid storage batteries, as shown in FIG. 1, wherein a vertical axis in the drawing is current (A), and a battery C for current supply amplitude₂₀The capacity is multiplied by the multiplying factor value to express that the horizontal axis is time (h), positive current is arranged above the horizontal axis, negative current is arranged below the horizontal axis, three negative currents in the later period are discharge peak currents, the current amplitude is zero to express that the current in the time period is zero, and the time period of the whole formation is 34h25min, wherein C₂₀The number of hours of 20 hours of rate of capacity ampere of the battery is shown.

The method sequentially comprises the following steps:

step 1: adding the solution with the density of 1.255 +/-0.005 g/C into the battery to be formed₂₀m³After the acid solution is prepared, the battery to be formed is placed in a formation tank column at the temperature of 50-65 ℃ for two hours;

step 2: with-0.02C₂₀After charging for 55 minutes, the batch time is 5 minutes, and the step 3 is carried out;

and step 3: using 0.13C₂₀Charging for 55 minutes, and after the intermittent operation for 5 minutes, transferring to the step 4;

and 4, step 4: using 0.2C₂₀Charging 55 minutes, then the interval is kept for 5 minutes, and after the above steps are repeated for 6 times, the step 5 is carried out;

and 5: at 0.2C₂₀After charging for 50 minutes, the charging is carried out at 0.3C₂₀Charging for 5 minutes, then intermittently charging for 5 minutes, repeating the steps for 6 times, and then transferring to the step 6;

step 6, after the intermittence time is 3 hours, the step 7 is carried out;

and 7: after three charge-discharge cycles, the process proceeds to step 8, wherein one charge-discharge cycle includes a charge-discharge cycle of 0.2C₂₀Charging for 55min, intermittently charging for 5min, repeating the above steps for three times, and charging at-0.2C₂₀Discharging for 5 minutes, and finally, intermittently discharging for 5 minutes;

and 8: at 0.2C₂₀Charging for 55min, pausing for 5min, repeating for five times, and charging at 0.2C₂₀Charging for 55 minutes to complete formation.

The battery container formation completed through the steps is realized, the whole formation period is shortened from the existing 60 hours to 34 hours and 25 minutes, the production efficiency is improved, and the total electricity consumption is C₂₀The ampere hour is about 5 times, and compared with the total power consumption in the prior art, the electric energy is saved by 30 percent. Meanwhile, the AGM start-stop battery is good in consistency and low in reject ratio, and better starting performance and deep cycle performance can be obtained.

In the step 1 and the step 2, the negative direction of the polar plate of the battery to be formed is-0.02C after the polar plate is soaked in the electrolyte for 2 hours₂₀And (3) feeding electricity for 55min to temporarily convert a small amount of active substances of the anode along the surface of the rib inside the anode into pure lead, and increasing the conductive surface to reduce the resistance of the anode due to the enlargement of the area of the pure lead to a certain extent, so that the improvement of the reaction efficiency of the anode after positive electricity feeding is more facilitated. When negative power is supplied, the reaction of current to the negative electrode is temporarily converted into (PbO2) in a negative electrode lead bar and a small amount of adjacent and contacted active substances, the reaction efficiency of the negative electrode after positive power supply is influenced to a certain extent, but the electrochemical reaction efficiency of the negative electrode is far higher than that of the positive electrode because the negative electrode is reduced into pure lead (Pb) after positive charge is recovered, the influence on the formation efficiency of the negative electrode is negligible, the negative electrode can be certainly completed as long as the positive electrode formation is completed in the total power supply amount designed by the inventor, and the steps are performed1 the design focus is to consider how to improve the conversion efficiency of the anode and the formation of microstructure, which is found by a large number of experiments at-0.02C₂₀After charging for 55 minutes, the conversion rate of the positive electrode can reach the requirement.

In step 3, in order to convert the plate lead paste substance into the required active substances PbO2 and Pb, an external dc power supply is used to perform oxidation-reduction reaction on the plates on the positive and negative electrodes by using the principle of electrolysis (commonly called charging), so as to oxidize the plate active substance as the positive electrode, the oxide is PbO2, and the plate active substance as the negative electrode is subjected to reduction reaction, and the reduced substance is Pb. The electrolysis (charging) process is an electrochemical reaction process, and therefore, the formation of the electrode plate needs two reactions, namely chemical reaction and electrochemical reaction, so that the active substance can be converted into a more ideal PbO2 and Pb phase structure.

Firstly, after acid with the density of 1.255 +/-0.005 g/cm3 is added into an AGM start-stop battery, a green plate is contacted and soaked in dilute sulfuric acid electrolyte, and an alkaline substance in an active substance and the dilute sulfuric acid solution have a neutralization reaction, wherein the reaction formula is as follows:

PbO+H2SO4→PbSO4+H2O

PbO·PbSO4+H2SO4→PbSO4+H2O

3PbO·PbSO4·H2O+3H2SO4→4PbSO4+4H2O

4PbO·PbSO4+4H2SO4→5PbSO4+4H2O

the neutralization reaction is continued from the contact of the polar plate and the sulfuric acid solution to the formation process until the reaction substance is exhausted, and the neutralization reaction does not occur. As can be seen from the reaction equation, as a result of the chemical reaction, sulfuric acid (H2SO4) is consumed, water and lead sulfate are generated, and therefore, the acid concentration in the formation housing is lowered, the PH is increased, and the temperature is increased (the reaction between PbO and H2SO4 is an exothermic reaction), and the lead plaster substance on the surface and in the micropores of the plate is gradually converted into the lead sulfate salt substance (PbSO4), and the conversion speed is related to the concentration and temperature of the sulfuric acid solution and the immersion time. In the whole formation process, according to the chemical reaction principle, the chemical reaction activity is reduced when the temperature is too low, the reaction efficiency is reduced, the temperature is too high, polarization and vapor bubbles are easy to generate, and thermal runaway is easy to cause, so that the temperature is controlled to be between 50 and 65 ℃ in the whole formation process.

Starting time of electrochemical reaction: under the action of a direct current power supply, external current flows in from the positive electrode of the formation device and flows out from the negative electrode (the initial reverse feeding reaction is opposite to the initial reverse feeding reaction), oxidation reaction occurs on the positive electrode, reduction reaction occurs on the negative electrode, and the electrochemical reaction formula is as follows:

A. electrochemical reaction of the positive electrode:

the oxidation reaction at the initial stage of the formation and feeding of the positive electrode is as follows:

PbO+H2O－2e→α－PbO2+2H+

PbO·PbSO4+3H2O－4e→2α－PbO2+6H++SO42－

3PbO·PbSO4·H20+4H2O－8e→4α－PbO2+10H++SO42－

4PbO·PbSO4+5H2O－10e→5α—PbO2+10H++SO42－

the oxidation reaction in the later stage of the formation of the positive electrode is as follows:

PbSO4+2H2O－2e→β—PbO2+4H++SO42－

in the process of forming the positive electrode, the oxidation potential of the active substance in the Pb-H2 SO 4-H2O system is different, and the oxidation sequence is also different.

Namely: the oxidation potential of Pb → PbO2 is + 0.667V;

the oxidation potential of PbO → PbO2 is + 1.107V;

4 PbO. PbSO4 → PbO2 has an oxidation potential of 1.172V;

the oxidation potential of PbO. PbSO 4. H2O → PbO2 is + 1.285V;

PbO. PbSO4 → PbO2 has an oxidation potential of + 1.422V;

the oxidation potential of PbSO4 → PbO2 is + 1.690V;

therefore, the positive electrode lead plaster substance is converted into PbO2 according to Pb, PbO, 4 PbO. PbSO4, 3PbO 2. PbSO 4. H2O, PbO. PbSO4 and PbSO4 in turn in the oxidation process, and PbSO4 is easy to be oxidized into PbO2 only by the medium and later stages of formation and when the formation bath pressure is higher because of the most positive oxidation potential and the large resistance, generally, the positive electrode formation product PbO2 has two forms, α -PbO 2 and β -PbO 2, which have different effects on the storage battery, the collapse of α -PbO 2 plays a role similar to a skeleton in the positive electrode active substance, and β -PbO 2 plays a role similar to a feather, if α -PbO 42 is larger, the storage battery has a longer service life but relatively smaller discharge energy, while β -PbO 3645 has a stronger discharge capability but a better discharge capability in a deep stopping and a better discharge capability in a short cycle, so that the battery has a better starting capability and a short cycle.

Generally, α -PbO 2 and β -PbO 2, which are not identical to each other, are conditions that promote α -PbO 2 formation, and PbSO4 oxidation in acidic solution and at higher current density is a condition that promotes β -PbO 2 formation, in the initial formation stage, since the plate is first immersed in a dilute sulfuric acid solution for a period of time, the lead paste material on the plate surface and on the plate bore surface undergoes a neutralization reaction with sulfuric acid, which raises the solution pH in the plate bore, and the hydration of the lead paste material during the plate immersion process leaves the internal lead paste material in an alkaline medium, e.g., PbO + H2O → 2 OH-, since the oxidation of the lead paste material during the formation by electrical current starts at a location where the bar of the electrolyte is closest to the bar, then expands into the plate interior, expands into an irregular network shape, reaches the surface of the plate finally, the initial formation of PbO → PbO2 OH-PbO 9625, and the electrochemical reaction proceeds at a greater rate than the initial electrochemical reaction of alkaline medium forming PbO 9634, which causes electrochemical reaction of the electrochemical reaction of alkaline substance to form in the plate, which is greater than the initial alkaline medium, which causes electrochemical reaction of alkaline reaction occurs, which the electrochemical reaction occurs, which causes alkaline reaction occurs in the formation of alkaline medium, such as alkaline medium, which the alkaline medium begins to form PbO 3-PbO 3, which leads to form, and alkaline medium, and alkaline reaction proceeds, such as alkaline medium, and such as 3637, and such as alkaline medium, the electrochemical reaction proceeds, such as alkaline medium, the electrochemical reaction proceeds, and such as alkaline medium begins to form pbO + H3, and such as alkaline medium begins to begin to form pbO₂₀Electric current6 times of charging by intermittent power supply, and meeting the conversion of active substances with lower energy consumption, so that the conversion amount of α -PbO 2 reaches the standard.

Wherein, in step 4, some PbSO4 begins to be converted into β -PbO 2 due to the gradual reduction of pH value during the formation period of 10-16h, and according to the characteristic, 6 groups of special pulse peak charging is designed when the charge is charged to 10h-16h, namely step 5: at 0.2C₂₀After charging for 50 minutes, the charging is carried out at 0.3C₂₀After charging for 5 minutes, the battery is intermittently charged for 5 minutes, and after repeating for 6 times, the normal electrochemical process is changed, and PbSO4 which exists everywhere is impacted, so that the PbSO4 is converted into α -PbO 2 or β -PbO 2 to the maximum extent possible at the stage, and the existence of PbSO4 is reduced, so that the optimal proportional relation between α -PbO 2 and β -PbO 2 after the whole formation is finished is favorably controlled, the reaction efficiency is improved, and the starting performance and the deep cycle performance of the AGM start-stop battery are favorably obtained, and the energy consumption is reduced.

B. Electrochemical reaction of the negative electrode:

reduction reaction at the initial stage of formation of negative electrode:

PbO+2H++2e→Pb+H2O

PbO·PbSO4+2H++4e→2Pb+SO42－+H2O

3PbO·PbSO4·H2O+6H++8e→4Pb+SO42－+4H2O

4PbO·PbSO4+2H++10e→5Pb+SO42－+H2O

reduction reaction in later stage of formation of negative electrode

PbSO4+2e→Pb+SO42－

In the process of forming the negative electrode, the reduction potentials of the lead paste materials in a Pb-H2 SO 4-H2O system are different, and the reduction sequence is also different.

Namely: the reduction potential of PbO → Pb is + 0.248V;

4 PbO. PbSO4 → reduction potential of Pb + 0.115V;

the reduction potential of 3 PbO. PbSO 4. H2O → Pb is + 0.037V;

PbO. PbSO4 → reduction potential of Pb is-0.099V;

the reduction potential of PbSO4 → Pb is-0.356V;

therefore, the negative lead plaster substances are sequentially converted into Pb according to PbO, 4PbO, PbSO 43 PbO, PbSO4, H2O, PbO, PbSO4 and PbSO4 in the reduction process, and PbSO4 has the most negative reduction potential, so that PbSO4 begins to reduce when the reduction reaction of various basic lead sulfates and lead oxides is basically finished in the later stage of formation. Since the 6 groups of special pulse peaks in step 5 are designed in the middle period of formation (10-16h period), the normal electrochemical process is changed, and part of PbSO4 is converted into Pb in advance. If a large current pulse peak is used at an inappropriate timing and for a long time, the negative electrode active material may be loosened, and if the pulse peak is added from the beginning, a disadvantage is easily caused. Therefore, 6 groups of pulse peaks are given only in the middle period of charging for 10-16h, namely the receiving capacity of the positive/negative plate, namely the best reaction efficiency, so that a better formation effect can be obtained, and negative effects are reduced.

In addition, during the whole formation process, the concentration of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) in the electrolyte participating in the reaction is continuously changed, and the concentration of H2SO4 in the electrolyte is reduced due to the consumption of H2SO4 and the generation of water in the initial stage of the chemical reaction of the lead plaster and the sulfuric acid. After power is applied, the electrochemical reaction generates H2SO4, but the neutralization chemical reaction which is carried out simultaneously still consumes H2SO4, and the consumption speed is higher than the generation speed, SO the concentration of H2SO4 is reduced along with the increase of the formation time in the initial stage of formation. Generally, the reaction time is 10-16 h. The chemical neutralization reaction is completed, the electrochemical reaction is continued to generate H2SO4, the concentration of H2SO4 in the electrolyte is increased along with the increase of formation time, and the formation concentration change and concentration polarization have great influence on the formation effect.

In the later middle and later stages of the formation, a large amount of gas will be generated, mainly due to the decomposition of water by electric current, and the electrochemical reaction is:

2H2SO4→4H++2SO42－

in the negative electrode: 4H + +4e → 2H2

At the positive electrode: 2SO 42- +2H 2O-4 e → 2H2SO4+ O2

The general reaction formula of the two poles is as follows: 2H2SO4+2H2O → 2H2SO4+2H2 ℃ + O2 ℃

What is actually decomposed is water: 2H2O → 2H2 ↓ + O2 × (ii)

As a result of the electrolysis of water, oxygen is evolved at the positive electrode and hydrogen is evolved at the negative electrode, resulting in strong gassing in the formation cell. At the moment, the temperature rises quickly, the concentration polarization phenomenon is aggravated, and the formation efficiency is seriously influenced. In order to eliminate the phenomenon, the formation curve is designed with longer-time static electricity after 6 groups of pulse peaks, namely step 3: the current is reduced to 0A, the duration is 3 hours, the temperature of the battery is reduced due to the stopping of power supply and the cooling of circulating water, air bubbles in the active substances are reduced, the acid liquid adsorbed in the AGM separator is diffused and permeated into the polar plate again as far as possible, the concentration polarization phenomenon is reduced, and the reaction efficiency after power supply is restarted is facilitated.

But at this moment, because formation has entered the stage of the later stage, the gas quantity that the polarization produced will still increase constantly, the temperature will rise faster again, and in addition the particularity of AGM start-stop battery baffle, make wherein the acidizing fluid in the AGM baffle to the diffusion of polar plate inside more difficult, polarization phenomenon is more serious, so this later stage has designed the mode of discontinuous static for electrical supply equally among this stage, and at the stage that the polarization is the most serious in the later stage of formation, except stopping for short-term for electrical supply, has designed three groups of transient discharge pulse peaks again, make its effect of eliminating polarization faster, in order to eliminate polarization phenomenon as far as possible, for the follow-up improvement is charged and becomes the effect and lay the foundation, step 7 promptly: after three charge-discharge cycles, the process proceeds to step 8, wherein one charge-discharge cycle includes a charge-discharge cycle of 0.2C₂₀Charging for 55min, intermittently charging for 5min, repeating the above steps for three times, and charging at-0.2C₂₀Discharge for 5 minutes and finally pause for 5 minutes.

In the later period, because most of the active substances are converted, the curve is intermittently and pulse-charged again by using a current with a smaller multiplying power until the curve is finished, namely the step 8: at 0.2C₂₀Charging for 55min, pausing for 5min, repeating for five times, and charging at 0.2C₂₀Charging for 55 minutes to complete formation. The design ensures that acid liquor has more time to permeate into the polar plate, reduces the temperature rise in the charging process, inhibits the polarization phenomenon to a certain extent, considers the amplitude peak value and the duration of power supply to provide active substances, has enough conversion energy and better converts the active substancesThe transformation effect is achieved, and the whole transformation effect is satisfied.

The practical application method comprises the following steps:

1) in the circulating water tank, an acid (density: 1.255 +/-0.005 g/cm3), and inputting the current value, the power supply direction and the power supply time of the corresponding steps into a computer of a charger according to the regular characteristic steps and the method of the curve shown in figure 1. The formation charging process can be completed.

2) The temperature of the battery in the formation process is controlled within 50-65 ℃, and the temperature detection points are based on the temperature of the middle two grids of the battery. When the temperature is over 65 deg.C, the cooling water in the bath column can be increased, and when the temperature of battery liquid is lower than 50 deg.C, the circulating cooling water can be omitted.

The conversion process and characteristics of the battery formation stages are fully analyzed according to the particularity of the AGM start-stop lead-acid storage battery and the electrochemical principle of the formation of the AGM start-stop lead-acid storage battery, the influence of beneficial factors and adverse factors of the stages is comprehensively considered, the static electricity (namely 0A current) time of battery plate impregnation and the initial special reverse electricity supply are carried out, the time of electricity supply, the amplitude peak value of electricity supply, the electricity supply time length, the static electricity time and the curve form of electricity supply in each stage are strictly designed and specified, and the whole process is combined into a set of complete formation curve mode, so that the AGM start-stop battery formation consistency is good, the reject ratio is low, the energy consumption is reduced, and the charging time is shortened. Compared with the traditional mode, the method can save more than 30% of electricity by using the formation charging, the formation period is shortened from more than 60 hours to 34 hours and 25 minutes, the production efficiency is improved, and better starting performance and deep cycle performance are obtained.

The present invention has been described in terms of specific examples, which are provided to aid understanding of the invention and are not intended to be limiting. For a person skilled in the art to which the invention pertains, several simple deductions, modifications or substitutions may be made according to the idea of the invention.

Claims

1. The internal formation method of the lead-acid storage battery is characterized in that the battery to be formed is placed in a warm water bath after being added with acid, the following steps are sequentially carried out,

2. The chemical synthesis method of claim 1, further comprising, before performing step (b):

step (a): reverse charging: adding acid into the battery to be formed, placing the battery in warm water bath for 2 hours, and adding-0.02C₂₀Charge for 55 minutes and pause for 5 minutes.

3. The chemical conversion method according to claim 1, wherein in step (b), the first stage is performed at 0.13C₂₀Charging for 55 minutes, and then intermitting for 5 minutes;

the second stage adopts 0.2C₂₀Charging for 55 minutes, and then intermitting for 5 minutes, and repeating the steps for 6 times.

4. The chemical conversion method according to claim 1, wherein the multi-stage constant current charging further comprises a third stage performed after the second stage is completed, the third stage being performed at 0.2C₂₀After charging for 50 minutes, the charging is carried out at 0.3C₂₀Charging was carried out for 5 minutes, followed by 5-minute intervals, and this was repeated 6 times.

5. The chemical synthesis method according to claim 1, further comprising a step (c) performed between the steps (b) and (d), the step (c) comprising: the batch was 3 hours.

6. The formation method of claim 1The method, wherein one charge-discharge cycle in step (d) comprises: firstly, 0.2C₂₀Charging for 55min, intermittently charging for 5min, repeating the above steps for three times, and charging at-0.2C₂₀Discharging for 5 minutes, and finally, intermittently discharging for 5 minutes;

and (d) after 3 charging and discharging cycles, performing step (e).

7. The chemical conversion method according to claim 1, wherein the constant current intermittent charging in step (e) is first 0.2C₂₀Charging for 55min, pausing for 5min, repeating for five times, and charging at 0.2C₂₀Charging for 55 minutes to complete formation.

8. The chemical synthesis method of claim 1, wherein the temperature of the warm water bath is maintained at 50-65 ℃ during the chemical synthesis process.

9. The chemical synthesis method of claim 1, wherein the density of the acid added into the battery to be formed is 1.255 +/-0.005 g/C₂₀m³。

10. The chemical conversion process of any one of claims 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, or 9, wherein C is₂₀The number of hours of 20 hours of rate of capacity ampere of the battery is shown.